Agriculture And Non-farm

RvZxq bxwZ ch©v‡jvPbv †dvivg 2003

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RvZxq bxwZ ch©v‡jvPbv †dvivg 2003

MÖvgxY A_©bxwZ 1.0 cUf~wg msm` wbe©vPb 2001 Gi cÖv°v‡j wmwcwW-i D‡`¨v‡M wewfbœ †¶‡Î bxwZ civgk© cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ †h 16wU Uv¯‹ ‡dvm© MwVZ n‡qwQj Zb¥‡a¨ ÔÔK…wl Lv‡Zi †UKmB cÖe„w× I cj-x DbœqbÓ Ges ÔÔf~wg cÖkvmbÓ msµvš— Uv¯‹‡dvm© wQj Ab¨Zg| wewfbœ ¯^v_©mswk-ó †Mvôx Ges mykxj mgv‡Ri mv‡_ wbweo chv©‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g RyjvB 2001-G Uv¯‹‡dv‡m©i wi‡cvU© cÖ¯‘Z nq Ges GwU AvM÷ 2001 G GKwU RvZxq msjv‡c AvbyôvwbKfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq| D³ msjv‡c Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb ZË¡eavqK miKv‡ii K…wl Lv‡Zi `vwqZ¡cÖvß Dc‡`óv | mykxj mgv‡Ri cÖZ¨vkv n‡”Q Uv¯‹‡dvm© KZ…©K cÖ`Ë mycvwikgvjv ev¯—evq‡b we Gb wc †bZ…Z¡vaxb eZ©gvb miKvi e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡e| cÖwZwU Uv¯‹ †dv‡m©i cÖwZ‡e`b ch©v‡jvPbvi Rb¨ bvMwiK Uv¯‹†dvm© B‡Zvg‡a¨ cybM©wVZ n‡q‡Q| weMZ `yB eQ‡i GB bxwZ ms‡¶cmg~‡ni civgk©vejx miKv‡ii bxwZ wba©viYx ch©v‡q KZUzKy cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q ev nqwb, bv n‡q _vK‡j Zvi KviY wK, †Kv_vq mgm¨v n‡”Q, eZ©gv‡b wK Kiv cÖ‡qvRb, †`kxq I Avš— R©vwZK cwigʇj KiYxqmg~n wK wK BZ¨vw` wel‡q Av‡jvPbv I ch©v‡jvPbvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Dcjwä K‡i eZ©gvb bxwZ ch©v‡jvPbvi D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| 2003 mv‡j cyb©MwVZ MÖvgxY A_©bxwZ welqK Uv¯‹‡dv‡m©i `vwqZ¡ n‡”Q t § 2001 mv‡j ˆZwiK…Z wi‡cvU© Gi welqe¯‘ Ges ¶gZvmxb `jmg~n Ges cÖavb we‡ivax `‡ji wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znv‡ii Zyjbv Kiv| § mgmvgwqK MwZaviv Ges P¨v‡j‡Äi †cÖw¶‡Z miKvwi n¯Z‡¶‡ci bZzb †¶Î¸wj wPwýZ Kiv| § K…wl †¶‡Î Ae¨vnZ Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ Uv¯‹‡dvm© cÖYxZ mycvwikgvjv Ges wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znv†i Dwj-wLZ bxwZmg~‡ni ev¯—evq‡bi gvÎv wba©viY| we‡klÁ cÖYxZ ÔÔK…wl Lv‡Zi †UKmB cÖe„w× I cj-x DbœqbÓ kxl©K wi‡cv‡U© †¶ÎwfwËK bxwZMZ mycvwik I ev¯—e Kg©m~Pxi K_v DÌvcb Kiv n‡qwQj hvi AwaKvskB wQj ¯^í I ga¨ ‡gqvw`| wi‡cv‡U© D‡j-L Kiv n‡qwQj †h, wKQy wKQy mycvwik ev¯—evq‡bi Rb¨ cuvP eQi mgq h‡_ó bv n‡jI mycvwikgvjvi e„n`vsk ev¯—evq‡bi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K, cuvP eQi †gqv‡` GKwU m‡š—vlRbK ch©v‡q wb‡q hvIqv m¤¢e| Av‡jvP¨ cÖwZ‡e`‡b eZ©gv‡b ¶gZvmxb Pvi`jxq HK¨‡Rv‡Ui wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znv‡i ÔÔK…wlÓ msµvš— cÖvKwbe©vPbx bxwZ ms‡¶‡ci m‡½ Uv¯‹‡dv‡m©i mycvwikmg~‡ni wK wK mv`„k¨ I ‰emv`„k¨ wQj Zv h_vh_ D‡j-Lc~e©K D³ bxwZ ms‡¶‡c ewY©Z mycvwikgvjv KZUzKz ev¯—evwqZ n‡q‡Q ev nqwb Zv Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| ZvQvov eZ©gvb msm‡` cÖavb we‡ivax`‡ji wbe©vPbx Bk‡ZnviwUi mv‡_ Uv¯‹ †dv‡m©i mycvwikgvjvi mv`„k¨ Ges ˆemv`„k¨I GLv‡b Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|

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RvZxq bxwZ ch©v‡jvPbv †dvivg 2003

1.1 cÖvK-wbe©vPbx bxwZ ms‡¶ct mycvwikgvjvi mvivsk 1. K…wl Lv‡Zi cÖe„w×, Lv`¨ wbivcËv I wewfbœ dm‡ji fvimvg¨c~Y© cÖe„w× • evsjv‡`‡k †h mKj cÖPwjZ Ddkx exR i‡q‡Q Zvi cvkvcvwk nvBeªxW exR D™¢veb Kiv m¤¢e| Giƒc exR D™¢veb K‡i Zv Avev‡`i gva¨‡g eZ©gv‡b cÖPwjZ D”P djbkxj Rv‡Zi †P‡q 10-25 kZvsk †ewk dmj mn‡RB cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i| `vbv`vi k‡m¨i †¶‡Î G K_v we‡klfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨| Ab¨w`‡K K…wl m¤cªmviY Awa`߇ii gva¨‡g wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e †hb †emiKvwi Lv‡Zi D™¢vweZ exR K…lK‡`i µq ¶gZvi g‡a¨ _v‡K| • wewfbœ M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q †h †ev‡iv ‡gŠmy‡g evsjv‡`‡ki avbx Rwgi 93 kZvs‡k Ges Avgb †gŠmy‡g 48 kZvs‡k Ddkx exR e¨eüZ nq| A_©vr †ev‡iv Avev‡`i Rb¨ Ddkxi e¨envi e„w×i AeKvk mxwgZ n‡jI Avgb Avev‡`i †¶‡Î Ddkxi e¨envi e„w×i m¤¢vebv e¨vcK| weMZ mg‡q evsjv‡`k avb M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU (weª) †`kx Rv‡Zi ga¨ †_‡K wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g Ddkx RvZ D™¢veb Kivi †h D‡`¨vM wb‡q‡Q Zv mdj n‡j Rjx Avgb av‡bi Drcv`b D‡j-L‡hvM¨fv‡e e„w× Kiv m¤¢e n‡e| G m¤úwK©Z M‡elYvi cÖwZ we‡kl bRi w`‡Z n‡e| • bZzb exR D™¢ve‡bi ¯^v‡_© dj-g~j I kvK-mwâ i¶vi Rb¨ GKwU ÒwicwRUwiÓ cÖwZôv AZ¨š— Ri“wi| cvkvcvwk miKvwi c„ô†cvlKZvq †emiKvwi ch©v‡q D`¨vb dm‡ji msi¶vYvMvi I cÖwµqvRvZKiY wkí cÖwZôvq we‡klfv‡e D‡`¨vMx n‡Z n‡e| • wewfbœ K…wlcY¨ (†hgb: kvK-mwâ, gvQ, dj, dzj BZ¨vw`) ißvwb e„w×i e¨e¯’v wb‡Z n‡e| G j‡¶¨ †`kx we‡`kx evwYwR¨K e¨emvqx ms¯’v I Gb.wR.I-i m‡½ Pzw³wfwˇZ Ges cÖwk¶Y cÖvß K…lK‡`i‡K mshy³ K‡i ißvwb‡hvM¨ K…wlcY¨ Drcv`b Ki‡Z n‡e| K…wlcY¨ ißvwbi †¶‡Î †h mKj AeKvVv‡gvMZ cÖwZeÜKZv i‡q‡Q - †hgb, D‡ovRvnv‡R ¯’vb msKzjvb, wegvb e›`‡ii cY¨ cwienY, mvgwqK msi¶Y, BZ¨vw` `~i Ki‡Z n‡e| • Wv‡ji Avev` e¨vcKnv‡i K‡g Avm‡Q| ÔÔMixe gvby‡li ‡cÖvwUbÓ wnmv‡e cwiwPZ Wvj Avev‡` K…lK‡`i‡K DrmvwnZ Kivi Rb¨ h‡_vchy³ c`‡¶c MªnY Ki‡Z n‡e| • Lv`¨-wbivcËv wbwðZ Kivi j‡¶¨ eZ©gv‡b cÖPwjZ wk¶vi Rb¨ Lv`¨ Kg©m~Px Ae¨vnZ ivLv cÖ‡qvRb| Lv`¨ wbivcËv AR©‡b evsjv‡`‡k bvix mgv‡Ri GKwU we‡kl f~wgKv i‡q‡Q| M„nwfwËK Kg©KvÛ, m¤ú` msi¶Y I e¨e¯’vcbvq gwnjv‡`i f~wgKv‡K Av‡iv kw³kvjx Kivi Rb¨ miKvwi D‡`¨vM `iKvi| 2. K…wl DcKiY I K…wl-FY • mv‡ii cÖK…Z Pvwn`v wbiƒcY Ki‡Z n‡e Ges †PvivPvjvb †iv‡a µm eW©vi cÖvBm Gi wfwˇZ mv‡ii g~j¨ mgš^q Ki‡Z n‡e| mv‡ii g~j¨ w¯’wZkxj ivLvi wbwg‡Ë cÖ‡qvRbxq evRvi gwbUwis Gi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| GKB mv‡_ mv‡ii mylg e¨envi wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

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RvZxq bxwZ ch©v‡jvPbv †dvivg 2003

• jvMmB ¶z`ª-‡mP cÖhyw³i †¶‡Î Aeva Avg`vwb bxwZ Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z n‡e| cvkvcvwk ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q †mP hš¿vsk ˆZwi I wecYb DrmvwnZ Kivi j‡¶¨ KuvPvgvj Avg`vwb, ïé I Ki †hŠw³KxKiY mgxPxb n‡e| • ‡m‡Pi Rb¨ †h mKj A‡j Mfxi bjK~c Pvjy ivLv cÖ‡qvRb, †mme RvqMvq †m‡Pi KgvÛ Gwiqv h_vm¤¢e e„w× I cvwbi AcPq‡iv‡a DbœZ e¨e¯’vcbv wbwðZ Kiv `iKvi| †hLv‡b AMfxi bjK~c Pvjv‡bv m¤¢e bq, †mLv‡b †mP Kv‡R Mfxi bjK~c e¨env‡ii welq we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z n‡e| f~Dcwi¯’ cvwbi e¨envi evov‡bvi j‡¶¨ bvjv, †Wvev, wej I Ab¨vb¨ Rjvavimg~‡ni MfxiZv e„w× K‡i el©v I e„wói cvwb msi¶‡Yi e¨e¯’v wb‡Z n‡e| G j‡¶¨ miKvi, Gb.wR.I I myweav‡fvMx Pvlx‡`i mgš^‡q wÎ-`jxq Aswk`vwiZ¡g~jK e¨e¯’vi cÖPjb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Drcv`b ‡gŠmy‡g †mP GjvKv¸wj‡Z AMÖvwaKv‡ii wfwˇZ we`y¨r I wW‡Rj mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e| • ‡gŠj exR I wfwË exR Drcv`b miKvwi Lv‡ZB Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z n‡e| exR cÖZ¨qb G‡RÝx D™¢vweZ ex‡Ri gvb wbwðZ Ki‡e| †`‡ki ¯^v_© msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ †`kx ex‡Ri Rv‡Zi Dci AvBbMZ AwaKvi cÖwZôvi Rb¨ ÔÔc-v›U †fivBwU ivBUÓ AvBb Pvjy Ki‡Z n‡e| cvkvcvwk ¶wZKi ÔÔ†fivBwUÓ AvMgb †iv‡a ÔÔc-v›U †Kvqv‡i›UvBb G¨v±Ó `„pfv‡e Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z n‡e| • cÖwZwU K…l‡Ki Lvgv‡ii AvqZb, m¤ú` I km¨ web¨v‡mi wfwˇZ m‡e©v”P FY mxgv wba©viY K‡i †µwWU KvW© †`qvi e¨e¯’v Kiv cÖ‡qvRb †hb H KvW© †`wL‡q K…lK H eQ‡ii †h †Kvb mgq D³ mxgvi g‡a¨ FY MÖnY I cwi‡kva Ki‡Z cv‡ib| 3. dm‡ji b¨vh¨ `vg wbwðZKiY • K…wl gš¿Yvj‡qi AvIZvq Ôkm¨¸`vg FYÕ bv‡g †h cÖKíwU Av‡Q Zvi AwfÁZv Kv‡R jvwM‡q dmj IVvi gImy‡g K…lK †hb Kg `v‡g dmj weµ‡qi cwie‡Z© km¨ ¸`vgRvZ K‡i FY/bM` A_© MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges c‡i `vg Po‡j H cY¨ wewµ K‡i evwK mvwf©m PvR©mn FY cwi‡kva K‡i evwK DØ„Ë wb‡R msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡i Zvi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| • cPbkxj cY¨, kvK-mwâ, dj, Avjy, gvQ, gvsm, wWg BZ¨vw` ¯’vbxqfv‡e msMÖn, cÖwµqvRvZ, msi¶Y I evRviRvZKi‡Yi †bUIq¨vK© M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e| • dmj ewnf©Z ~ LvZ (†hgbt nvm-gyiMx, grm¨, Mevw` cï, `ya, wWg, gvsm BZ¨vw`) Gi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ msi¶Y, cÖwµqvRvZKiY I evRviRvZKi‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †bUIqvK© ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| 4. jvMmB cÖhyw³i D™¢veb I gvV ch©v‡q m¤cÖvmviY • ‡`‡ki K…wl wk¶v‡K gvbm¤§Z Ki‡Z n‡e †hb K…wl wk¶vqZb¸wj evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl m¤úmviY I Dbœq‡bi m‡½ e¨envwiKfv‡e I cÖZ¨¶fv‡e RwoZ _vK‡Z m¶g nq| K…wl Lv‡Z ev‡qv‡UK‡bvjRx cÖ‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wk¶v I M‡elYv AeKvVv‡gv m„wó Ki‡Z n‡e| wewfbœ dm‡ji Rvg©c-vRg msMÖn I msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ GKwU †K›`ªxq exR e¨vsK ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|

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RvZxq bxwZ ch©v‡jvPbv †dvivg 2003

• gvwUi ˆRe c`v_© e„w×i Rb¨ meyR mvi, †Mvei, dm‡ji Aewkóvsk I G‡Rvjvi e¨envi e„w× Ki‡Z n‡e| cvkvcvwk Rwg‡Z mylg mvi e¨env‡i K…lK‡K cÖwkw¶Z I DØy× Ki‡Z n‡e| • Rxe ‰ewPΨ msi¶‡Yi j‡¶¨ ebv‡ji wKQy GjvKv mywbw`©ófv‡e wPwýZ K‡i wewfbœ ebR cï-cvwL AvBbMZfv‡i msi¶‡Yi e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| 5. f~wgms¯‹vi I eM©vms¯‹vi • ¯^”QZvi m‡½ Ges ΓwUnxbfv‡e 1984 mv‡ji f~wgms¯‹vi AwW©b¨vÝ weavbmg~n Kvh©Ki Kiv `iKvi| 1984 mv‡j cÖYxZ Dwj-wLZ weavb¸wji ev¯—evq‡bi mgq eZ©gvb cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯’wZi K_v Avgv‡`i‡K Aek¨B we‡ePbvq wb‡Z n‡e| 6. grm¨ I cïm¤ú` Lv‡Zi Dbœqb § †`‡ki †fZ‡iB †gviM-gyiMxi Ô‡c‡i›U ÷KÕ m„wó, ev”Pv Drcv`b I Lv`¨ Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ e¨e¯’v ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| § `~a, wWg, grm¨, BZ¨vw` wbqwgZfv‡e msMÖn, msi¶Y, cÖwµqvRvZKiY I evRviRvZKi‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †bUIqvK© ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| § MÖvg ch©v‡q Lvgv‡ii cï I nuvm-gyiMx wPwKrmvi †mev †Rvi`vi Ki‡Z n‡e| § GjvKvwfwËK Afq Avkª‡gi m„wó K‡i gy³ Rjvk‡q gv‡Qi Drcv`b e„w×i e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e GKBm‡½ ‡`kx I we‡`kx gvQ Pvl Kivi †¶‡Î †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e †hb we‡`kx iv¶z‡m gvQ †`kx gvQ †L‡q bv †d‡j| § RvUKv Bwjk AvniY wbwl× AvBbwU K‡Vvifv‡e cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| § DbœZ, AvaywbK Drcv`b cÖhyw³ m¤cÖmviY I gv‡Qi †cvbv mieivn wbwðZ K‡i e× Rjvk‡q gv‡Qi Drcv`b e„w× Ki‡Z n‡e| § gvQ cÖwµqvRvZKiY wk‡íi weKvk, ¸YMZ gvb wbwðZKiY Ges h_vh_ cwienY I evRvi e¨e¯’v M‡o †Zvjvi j‡¶¨ D‡`¨v³v‡`i KvwiMwi I wewb‡qvM mnvqZv w`‡Z n‡e| 7. K…wlwfwËK wk‡íi weKvk • e¨w³ Lv‡Z AvaywbK e„n`vqZb K…wl-e¨emv (Agri business) ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Avw_©K I KvwiMwi mnvqZv w`‡Z n‡e| Gme mvnv‡h¨i j¶¨ n‡e mviv †`‡k K…wl c‡Y¨i cÖwµqvRvZKiY, c¨v‡KwRs Ges msi¶‡Yi GKwU e„nr †bUIqvK© ˆZwi Kiv| • we‡kl we‡kl K…wl c‡Y¨i Rb¨ (†hgb Avg, wPswo gvQ, †cqviv, Kjv, iRbxMÜv, BZ¨vw`) we‡kl we‡kl GjvKv‡K wPwýZ K‡i †mLv‡b we‡kl ÓDrcv`b-GjvKvÓ (Production zone) M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e| Gme `ª“Z cPbkxj cY¨ ißvwbi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k wegv‡b Kv‡M©v †c-‡bi cÖPjb Ki‡Z n‡e|

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RvZxq bxwZ ch©v‡jvPbv †dvivg 2003

• K…wlwfwËK wk‡íi c‡Y¨i gvb wbqš¿Y Ges †fv³vi wbivcËv wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ Dchy³ cix¶v I cÖZ¨vqb e¨e¯’v M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e| • K…wlwfwËK wkí‡K DrmvwnZ Kivi Rb¨ cÖv_wgKfv‡e wbw`©ó mg‡qi Rb¨ Avg`vwb cÖwZ‡hvMx `ªe¨¸wji Avg`vwb wbi“rmvwnZ Ki‡Z n‡e| 2.0 bZzb miKv‡ii K…wl bxwZ 2.1 weGbwci wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi weGbwcÕi wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znv‡i Lv‡`¨ ¯^qsm¤ú~Y©Zv AR©b, MÖvgxY RbM‡Yi A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’vi Dbœqb Ges K…wlLv‡Zi Drcv`bkxjZvi e„w×i Rb¨ wbæwjwLZ Kvh©µ‡gi K_v e¨³ Kiv nq| • K…wl DcKiYmg~n h_v, mvi, DbœZ exR, †mPhš¿, KxUbvkK, BZ¨vw`i mieivn Ges b¨vh¨g~j¨ wbwðZ Kiv n‡e| ¯’vbxqfv‡e K…wl DcKiY Drcv`‡bi Dci ¸i“Z¡ †`qv n‡e| †mP e¨e¯’v DbœZ I mnRjf¨ Kiv n‡e| • K…wlc‡Y¨i Dchy³ g~j¨ wbwðZ K‡i K…lK‡`i ¯^v_© msiw¶Z Kiv n‡e| • K…wlLv‡Z AvaywbK cÖhyw³ cÖ‡qvM I e¨env‡ii Rb¨ K…lK‡`i wkw¶Z K‡i †Zvjvi e¨e¯’v †bqv n‡e| G e¨e¯’vq e¨vcK K…wl wk¶v I m¤cÖmviY Kg©m~wP Aš—f³ ©y _vK‡e| • K…wlLv‡Z AwaK wewb‡qv‡Mi e¨e¯’v †bqv n‡e| MÖvgxY Rbmvavi‡Yi I D‡`¨v³v‡`i Rb¨ mnR k‡Z©, ¯^í my‡` I AwaK nv‡i e¨vsK F‡Yi e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡e| • GKwU RvZxq cvwb m¤ú` e¨e¯’vcbv wm‡÷g M‡o Zz‡j †bŠ-cwienY I grm¨ m¤ú‡`i cÖe„wׇZ e¨vNvZ m„wó bv K‡i K…wl Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ DbœZ †mP e¨e¯’v Pvjy Kiv n‡e| • nuvm-gyiwM, cïcvjb Ges grm¨Pv‡l Drmvn cÖ`v‡bi j‡¶¨ DbœZ cÖhyw³i e¨envi m¤cÖmvwiZ Kiv n‡e| MÖvgxY A_©bxwZ‡K AviI †eMevb I gReyZ Kivi j‡¶¨ K…wlwfwËK wkí ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ mKj mvnvh¨ (FY, KvwiMwi mn‡hvwMZv I cÖwk¶Y) cÖ`v‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡e| • f~wgi ¸YMZgvb Ges Lv`¨km¨ Drcv`‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I K…l‡Ki ¯^v_© we‡ePbvq †i‡L ißvwbgyLx wPswo Pvl I cÖwµqvRvZKi‡Yi mgm¨v `~i Kivi Rb¨ ev¯—eagx© c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv n‡e| • avb, PvDj, Mg Drcv`‡bi cvkvcvwk km¨ ˆewPwΨKiY Kg©m~wP‡K †Rvi`vi Kiv n‡e| kvKmwâ, Avjy, Wvj, †cuqvR, imyb I iwekm¨mn wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq K…wlcY¨ Ges †gŠmygx djg~‡j †`k‡K ¯^qsm¤ú~Y© Kivi j‡¶¨ Gme cY¨ Drcv`b DrmvwnZ Kivi Ges Drcvw`Z cY¨ msi¶Y, cÖwµqvRvZ I †`‡k-we‡`‡k evRviRvZKi‡Yi Dchy³ e¨e¯’v †bqv n‡e| • K…lK I K…wli mvgwMÖK Dbœqb wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ mswk-ó mKj cÖwZôv‡bi AeKvVv‡gv myweb¨¯— K‡i hy‡Mvc‡hvMx, `¶ I MwZkxj Kiv n‡e|

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RvZxq bxwZ ch©v‡jvPbv †dvivg 2003

• K…wl I K…lK‡`i Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ K…wlLv‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq fZz©wK cÖ`vb Avek¨K| ZvB mvi, exR, †mP cÖf„wZ †¶‡Î K…lK‡K fZz©wK †`qvi welq we‡ePbv Kiv n‡e| fZz©wKi mydj hv‡Z `wi`ª I cÖvwš—K K…lK AwaK nv‡i cvq †mw`‡K we‡klfv‡e bRi †`qv n‡e| A-K…wl Lv‡Zi Dbœq‡bi j‡¶¨ weGbwcÕi wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znv‡i wbæwjwLZ c`‡¶‡ci cÖwZkÖ“wZ †`qv nq: •

†`‡ki mg¯— e× Rjgnvj, Lvjwej, b`x-bvjv, nvIi-evIi ms¯‹vi K‡i cÖK…Z grm¨Rxex‡`i g‡a¨ my-wbw`©ó bxwZgvjv Abyhvqx e‡›`ve¯— †`qv n‡e|

• grm¨Rxex‡`i Rb¨ e¨vsK FY mnRjf¨ Kiv n‡e| • grm¨Rxex‡`i Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b ev¯—egyLx cwiKíbv MÖnY Kiv n‡e| f~wg e¨e¯’vcbv I ebR m¤ú` msi¶‡Y weGbwc wb‡æv³ Kg©m~wPi K_v e¨³ K‡i: • f~wgi myôz I m‡e©vËg e¨envi wbwðZ Kivi j‡¶¨ RvZxq f~wg bxwZ hy‡Mvc‡hvMx Kiv n‡e| • evsjv‡`‡ki mvgvwRK we‡iv‡ai Ab¨Zg cÖavb KviY n‡jv Rwg µq-weµq, †iwR‡÷ªkb, bvgRvwi I †m‡Uj‡g›U cÖf„wZ msµvš— weev`| Gme welq‡K †K›`ª K‡i RvwjqvwZ I RbM‡Yi nqivwY, †dŠR`vwi I †`Iqvwb gvgjvi wcQ‡b RbM‡Yi A‡_©i AcPq‡iva Kivi Rb¨ f~wg cÖkvmb I †iwR‡÷ªkb GKK KZ…©‡Z¡i Aax‡b G‡b mgMÖ e¨e¯’vi ms¯‹vi I Kw¤úDUvivB‡Rkbmn AvaywbKxKiY Kiv n‡e| • `~bx©wZ I mš¿v‡mi cÖfvegy³ K‡i LvmRwg weZi‡Y f~wgnxb, weËnxb, ew¯—evmx I Avkªqnxb‡`i AMÖvwaKvi †`qv n‡e| • Rjgnvj e¨e¯’vcbv I Dbœq‡bi †¶‡Î Rjgnv‡ji cÖK…wZ I AvÂwjK ev¯—eZvi wbwi‡L mywbw`©ó bxwZ cÖYqb I ev¯—evqb Kiv n‡e| •

†`‡k myôz cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ ebf~wg e¨e¯’vcbv hy‡Mvc‡hvMx I AvaywbKvqb Kiv n‡e| ebm¤ú` i¶v Ges mvgvwRK I DcK~jxq ebvqb DrmvwnZ Kivi j‡¶¨ ev¯—em¤§Z bxwZ cÖYqb I ev¯—evwqZ Kiv n‡e|

2.2 Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx evsjv‡`k-Gi wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi eZ©gvb †RvU miKv‡ii K…wlgš¿x †Rv‡Ui kwiK `j Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx evsjv‡`k †_‡K g‡bvYxZ wQj| †m `„wó‡KvY †_‡K Rvgvqv‡Zi wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znv‡i K…wlLvZ msµvš— bxwZgvjv we‡kl Zvrch© enY K‡i| Rvgvqv‡Zi wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znv‡i K…wlLvZ‡K †`‡ki me©vwaK ¸iZ¡c~Y© LvZ wnmv‡e wPwýZ K‡i GB LvZ‡K jvfRbK †ckvq cwiYZ Kivi A½xKvi e¨³ Kiv nq Ges wbæwjwLZ Kvh©µ‡gi K_v e¨³ Kiv nq: • Dchy³ †¶‡Î fZz©wKmn AvaywbK K…wl DcKiY, exR, mvi, KxUbvkK K…lK‡`i R‡b¨ mnRjf¨ Kiv n‡e| • K…wlLv‡Z Drcbœ dm‡ji b¨vh¨ g~j¨ wbwðZ Kiv n‡e| • K…lK‡`i K…wl F‡Yi my` gIKzd Ges mnRk‡Z© K…wl FY I cj-x FY †`qv n‡e|

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RvZxq bxwZ ch©v‡jvPbv †dvivg 2003

• Pvlx‡`i Avq e„w×i j‡¶¨ †`ke¨vcx K…wlwfwËK wkí ¯’vcbmn g~j¨evb dj, dm‡ji msi¶Y, evwYwR¨K e¨envi, I ißvwbi e¨e¯’v, Abvevw` cwZZ Lvj-wej I gRv cyKzi ms¯‹vi K‡i Pvl‡hvM¨ Kivi e¨e¯’v †bqv n‡e| • eb¨v, Liv, R‡jv”Q¡vm, cvnvoxXjmn cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM †_‡K dmj i¶vi cÖ‡qvRbxq m¤¢ve¨ e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv n‡e| • A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ cwiKwíZ ˆeÁvwbK c×wZ‡Z †`‡ki K…wl, ebvqb, mvgvwRK ebvqb Ges Pv, ivevi I djg~‡ji DbœZ Pv‡li e¨vwß NUv‡bv n‡e| GQvov m¤cÖwZ cÖKvwkZ evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb †KŠkj c‡Î K…wl Lv‡Zi Dbœqb I K…lK‡`i Kj¨vYmva‡bi Dci we‡kl ¸i“Z¡ Av‡ivc Kiv nq Ges K…wl †¶‡Î becÖhyw³i e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g K…lK‡`i Drmvn cÖ`v‡bi K_v ejv nq| 1999 mv‡j cÖYxZ RvZxq K…wlbxwZ myôzfv‡e ev¯—evq‡bi K_v e¨³ K‡i Ô`vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb †KŠkj c‡ÎÕ Ggbme bxwZ cÖYq‡bi Dci †Rvi †`Iqv nq hv: • K…wl I MÖvgxY A-K…wl LvZ‡K weKwkZ Ki‡e| • ¶z`ª I cÖvwš—K Pvlx‡`i Dbœqb mnvqK n‡e| • K…wl Kv‡h© becÖhyw³i AwaKgvÎvq e¨envi wbwðZ Ki‡e| • MÖvgxY AeevwnKvq Av_©-mvgvwRK AeKvVv‡gvMZ Dbœq‡b wewb‡qvM mnvqK n‡e| • MÖvgxY c‡Y¨i evRvi m¤cÖmvi‡Y mnvqK n‡e Ges MÖvgxY cÖwZôvbmg~n‡K AwaKZi Kvh©Ki K‡i Zzj‡e| K„wl Dbœqb I Lv`¨ wbivcËv Z¡ivwš^Z Kivi j‡¶¨ cvwb m¤ú‡`i h_vh_ e¨env‡ii DciI Ô`vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb †KŠkjc‡ÎÕ ¸i“Z¡ Av‡ivc Kiv nq| RvZxq cvwb e¨e¯’vcbv cwiKíbvi (NWMP) Av‡jv‡K wb‡æv³ j¶¨ AR©‡bi K_v e¨³ Kiv nq: • ‡`‡ki K…wl Dbœq‡b mxwgZ cvwb m¤ú‡`i †hŠw³K e¨envi| • Dbœqb, Rb¯^v¯’¨ I cwi”QbœZvi ¯^v‡_© Ges RxebhvÎvi gv‡bvbœq‡b cvwbi cÖvwß wbwðZ Kiv| • RjR m¤ú` Dbœq‡b I ˆRe ˆewPΨ i¶v‡_© cvwb m¤ú‡`i msi¶Y| 2.3 AvIqvgx jx‡Mi wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi gqgbwms‡n AbywôZ Uv¯‹‡dv‡m©i AvÂwjK civgk© mfvq AskMÖnYKvixiv cÖavb we‡ivax`j AvIqvgx jx‡Mi wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi‡K we‡k-l‡Yi `vex Rvbvq| ZvB AvIqvgx jx‡Mi wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znv‡i MÖvgxY A_©bxwZ welqK cÖwZkÖ“wZ¸wj wb‡P †`qv n‡jv| AvIqvgx jxM Zv‡`i K…wl †¶‡Î AwR©Z mvdj¨ a‡i ivLvi Rb¨ Zv‡`i wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znv‡i wb‡gœv³ Kvh©µg MÖn‡Yi A½xKvi e¨³ K‡i: MÖvgxY A_©bxwZ

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RvZxq bxwZ ch©v‡jvPbv †dvivg 2003

• exR, mvi, KxUbvkK, †mPhš¿cvwZ Ges Ab¨vb¨ K…wl hš¿cvwZi mieiv‡n Kvh©Kix c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv n‡e | • we`¨gvb mKj fZz©wK Ges Ki Ae¨vnwZ e¨e¯’v Pvjy ivLv n‡e| • Drcv`‡Ki b¨vh¨ g~j¨ cÖvwß wbwðZ Kiv n‡e| • ev‡qv‡UK‡bvjRxi e¨envi Ges †R‡bwUK BwÄwbqvwis-Gi Kvh©Kix e¨env‡i h_vh_ bxwZ Ges Kg©m~wP cÖYqb Kiv n‡e| • f~-c„‡ôi cvwbi e¨envi e„w× Ges f~-Mf©¯’ cvwbi e¨envi Kwg‡q Avbvi Rb¨ Rjvkq¸‡jv msi¶‡Y e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv n‡e| • b`xi cvwbi cÖevn wVK ivLv Ges eb¨v mgm¨v mgvav‡b `xN©‡gqvw` I ¯^í †gqvw` Kg©m~wP MÖnY Kiv n‡e| • grm¨, `y», wWg Ges cïm¤ú‡` ¯^wbf©iZv AR©b, nuvm-gyiMx cvjb Ges grm¨ Pvl‡K AvaywbKKvqY Kiv n‡e| • K…wlwfwËK wkí‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv n‡e| • f~wgi m‡e©v”P Drcv`bkxjZv Ges mvgvwRK b¨vq wePvi wbwðZ Ki‡Z AvIqvgx jxM miKvi cÖYxZ bxwZ Abymv‡i f~wg ms¯‹vi Ges f~wg¯^Ë e¨e¯’vi AvaywbKvqb Kiv n‡e| • km¨ eûgyLxKi‡Y wU‡K _vK‡Z m¶g Ggb cÖhyw³ Aej¤^b Kiv n‡e Ges msi¶Y e¨e¯’v I evRviRvZKiY myweavw` e„w× Kiv n‡e| • cÖK…Z grm¨Pvlx‡`i wbKU Rjgnvj BRviv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e| • Ab¨vb¨ my‡hvM-myweavi mv‡_ mnR k‡Z© ch©vß F‡Yi e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡e| • f~wgnxb‡`i gv‡S Lvm Rwg weZiY Kiv n‡e| • km¨ exgv e¨e¯’v Pvjy Kiv n‡e| • wek¦vq‡bi ¶wZKi cÖfve Gov‡Z Kvh©Ki Kg©m~wP cÖYqb Kiv n‡e| 3.0 Uv¯‹ †dv‡m©i mycvwikgvjv ev¯—evq‡b AMÖMwZ 3.1 wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi Ges Uv¯‹‡dv‡m©i mycvwikgvjv Avgiv cÖ_g I wØZxq Aby‡”Q‡` Uv¯‹ †dv‡m©i mycvwikgvjv Ges ¶gZvmxb `‡ji (weGbwc Ges Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx) wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi eY©bv K‡iwQ| ¶gZvmxb miKv‡ii Kv‡Q RbM‡Yi ¯^vfvweK cÖZ¨vkv n‡”Q †h miKvwi `j Zvi wbe©vPbx cÖwZkÖ“wZ miKvwi bxwZ wnmv‡e MÖnY I ev¯—evqb Ki‡e| ZvB Uv¯‹ †dvm© wi‡cv‡U©i mycvwikgvjv Ges weGbwc I Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znv‡ii Zzjbvg~jK ch©v‡jvPbv mviYx-1 G †`qv n‡jv| gqgbwms‡n AbywôZ Uv¯‹ †dv‡m©i gZ wewbgq mfvq e³viv AwfgZ cÖKvk K‡ib †h, eZ©gvb msm‡` cÖavb we‡ivax`‡ji wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znv‡iiI Zzjbv `iKvi| ZvB AvIqvgx jx‡Mi wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znv‡ii Zzjbvg~jK ch©v‡jvPbvI GB mv‡_ †`qv n‡jv|

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RvZxq bxwZ ch©v‡jvPbv †dvivg 2003

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3.2.8 AK…wl Lv‡Zi weKvk 2001 mv‡ji Uv¯‹ †dvm© wi‡cv‡U© G mswk-ó †Kvb mywbw`©ó mycvwik †bB | we Gb wc Gi wbev©Pbx †Nvlbv (2001) G mywbw`©ó Av‡jvPbv †bB| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi wbe©vPbx †Nvlbvq (2001) mywbw`ófv‡e MÖvgxY Dbœqb†K Z¡ivwš^Z Ki‡Z MÖvgxY AeKvVv‡gv, wk¶v, ¯^v¯’¨ †mevi e¨vcK Dbœqb Ges bvMwiK my‡hvM myweavi cÖmvi NUv‡bvi D‡j-L i‡q‡Q| miKvwi IPRSP `wj‡j welqwU ¸i“Z¡mn D‡j-L Kiv n‡q‡Q| 3.2.9 K…wl wfwËK wkí we Gb wc Gi wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znv‡i ( 2001) †`‡k Ges we‡`‡k K…wl cÖwµqvRvZKib Ges c‡Y¨i evRviRvZ Ki‡bi welq D‡j-L i‡q‡Q| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znv‡i (2001) K…wl wfwËK wkí, †m¸‡jvi evwYwR¨K mبenvi Ges ißvwbi D‡j-L i‡q‡Q| wKš‘ GLb ch©š— A_© I cwiKíbv gš¿xi ev‡RU e³…Zvi evB‡i bZzb †Kvb D‡`¨v‡Mi wb‡`©kbv bvB (Ryb 6, 2002)| wZwb D‡j-L K‡i‡Qb †h, 3 wewjqb UvKvi D‡`¨v³v Dbœqb Znwej Av‡Q, hw`I ¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡q‡Qb GB GKB mg‡q 0.5 wewjqb UvKvi e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡qwQj Ges †mUvI h_vh_ Kvh©cÖYvjxi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z e¨eüZ nqwb| e¯‘Z: c‡¶ K…wl wfwËK wk‡íi D‡`¨vM kw³kvjxKi‡Yi mg_©b †`qv nq beŸyB‡qi Gi `k‡Ki †kl w`‡K, K„wl wfwËK wkí Ges cªhyw³ Dbœqb cÖKí-1 Gi AvIZvq| GB cÖK‡íi wØZxq ch©vq GLb Pj‡Q| Gi evB‡i Avi †Kvb D‡`¨M †bqv nqwb, hv n‡q‡Q Zv †emiKvix ch©v‡q /†m±‡i wb‡RivB K‡i‡Q e‡j †`Lv hv‡”Q| AwZ m¤úªwZ evwYR¨ gš¿x DËi cwðgv‡ji GKwU ‡Rjv cwi`k©‡b wM‡q we‡kl K…wl ißvwb †Rvb / GjvKv ¯’vc‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi K_v e‡j‡Qb| 3.2.10 MÖvgxY kªg kw³ t wb‡qvM mgm¨v I m¤¢vebv Uv¯‹‡dvm© wi‡cvU© (2001) wb‡gœv³ mycvwik wQj: § kni †Kw›`ªK e„nr wk‡íi bZzb kvLv D‡`¨vM¸‡jv‡K MÖvgxY GjvKvi Pvicv‡k ¯’vcb Kiv DwPZ- m¤úv`b ev Aaxb Pzw³i gva¨‡g| § MÖv‡gi D‡`¨v³v‡`i Rb¨ we‡kl cÖwk¶Y myweavw` I F‡Y cÖ‡ekvwaKvi wbwðZ Kiv DwPZ| § we‡kl MÖvgxY exgv †mevi e¨e¯’v Kivi gva¨‡g †mme D‡`¨v³v‡`i MÖvgxY GjvKvi evwYwR¨K Szwu K‡Z AvIZvfy³ Kiv DwPZ| § MÖvgxY AeKvVv‡gv Dbœq‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Pigfv‡e `iKvi hv †Kej Zvr¶wYK Kg©ms¯’v‡bi e¨e¯’v K‡i bv mv‡_ mv‡_ fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ bZzb Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó‡ZI mvnvh¨ K‡i Ges Avq I kª‡gi Drcv`bkxjZv e„wׇZ Ae`vb iv‡L| § we Gb wci wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi (2001) Ges Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znv‡i (2001) GB we‡kl mgm¨vwU wb‡q we‡klfv‡e †Kvb Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq wb|

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3.2.11 wek¦vq‡bi P¨v‡jÄ Uv¯‹‡dvm© wi‡cv‡U©i (2001) mycvwik n‡”Q t § MÖxb e· (Green Box) I e-y e· (Blue Box) ms¯‹v‡ii cÖ‡Póv evsjv‡`k e„w× Ki‡Z cv‡i, hvi e¨vcK my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| GB ai‡bi mnvqZv Avgv‡`i K…wl Drcv`b evov‡Z cv‡i Ges Avgv‡`i cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi ¶gZv †Rvi`vi Ki‡Z cv‡i| § wek¦vq‡bi cÖwµqv Ges Gi wewamg~n me©`v cwieZ©bkxj| Avgv‡`i RvZxq ¯^v_© i¶vq †mLv‡b me©`v wKQy `i KlvKwli cÖ‡qvRb| wKš‘ mdj fv‡e Zv Ki‡Z †M‡j RvwZ wn‡m‡e Avgv‡`i GB cÖwµqv Z`viK Ki‡Z n‡e Ges cÖ_‡gB Avgv‡`i ¯^xq RvZxq Ae`vb wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e Ges mggbv RvwZ mgy‡ni mv‡_ jwe K‡i Gj wW wm fy&³ †`kmg~‡ni RvZxq I ‡hŠ_ ¯^v_© msi¶‡Y KvR Ki‡Z n‡e| evsjv‡`k GLbI GB wgkb ev D‡`¨vM GwM‡q wb‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ cÖvwZôvwbK fv‡e cÖ¯‘Z bq| ZvB AwZ mZ¡i evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii DwPZ GKwU RvZxq ÷¨vwÛs KwgwU MVb Kiv hv D”PZi wk¶vq wkw¶Z , `¶ I mr †ckvRxex mgš^‡q MwVZ n‡e, hviv PjwZ wek¦vq‡bi cÖwµqv µgvMZfv‡e Z`viwK Ki‡eb| GB ai‡bi cÖ‡Póvi wfwË n‡e cÖKZ … Avš—t gš¿Yvjq mn‡hvwMZv Ges hv Kg©‡¶‡Î m¤ú~Y©fv‡e AAvgjvZvwš¿K Ges ¯^”QZv eRvq ivL‡e| we Gb wci wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znv‡i (2001) mywbw`ófv‡e wek¦vq‡bi welqwU/ Bmy¨‡K K…wli mv‡_ mswk-ó Kiv nq wb| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znv‡i I (2001) GKB NUbv N‡U‡Q| wKš‘ ev¯—‡e miKvi G e¨vcv‡i h‡_ó D‡`¨vM wb‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii D‡`¨v‡M ¯^‡ívbœZ †`k¸‡jvi evwYR¨ gš¿x‡`i m‡¤§jb m¤cÖwZ XvKvq †kl n‡q‡Q| miKv‡ii G D‡`¨vM cÖksmvi `vex iv‡L| Avgv‡`i cÖZ¨vkv, G‡¶‡Î miKvi Uv¯‹‡dv‡m© cÖYxZ iƒc‡iLvi Av‡jv‡K Av‡iv AMÖmi n‡e| 4.0 MÖvgxY A_©bxwZi weKv‡ki Rb¨ Avï KiYxqmg~n wK? 4.1 A_©gš¿x †NvwlZ K…wlLv‡Z wewb‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ ‡Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î cÖvavb¨ †`Iqv DwPZ? `ª“Z cwieZ©bkxj K…wl Drcv`b e¨e¯’vi fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ wK ai‡bi †ivW g¨vc `iKvi? K…wlLv‡Z wewb‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ †h mKj DcLvZ I Kg©m~Pxmg~‡ni cÖvavb¨ cvIqv DwPZ Zv n‡jv: Lv`¨km¨ Drcv`b km¨ eûg~LxKiY K…wl wfwËK evwYR¨ Ges K…wl cÖwµqvRvZKiY cwi‡ek msi¶Y gwnjv‡`i AskMÖnY e„w× GbwRI, †emiKvwi LvZ I miKvwi Lv‡Zi g‡a¨ mgš^q mvab

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K…wl Drcv`b e¨e¯’vi fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ †ivW g¨vc: RvZxq K…wl bxwZ P~ovš— Kiv nq 1999 mv‡j| hvi Abymi‡Y 2001 mv‡j GKwU Kg© cwiKíbv cÖ¯‘Z Kiv nq| 2002 mv‡j Kg© cwiKíbvwU P~ovš— Kiv nq| GB `wjj Ges Ab¨vb¨ we‡kl‡Ái ˆZwi ¯^vaxb M‡elYvi Dci wfwË K‡i fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ GKwU †ivW g¨vc A¼b Kiv m¤¢e, hv cÖK„wZMZ fv‡e `ª“Z cwieZ©bkxj K…wl Drcv`b e¨e¯’vi c_wb‡`©kK n‡e| M‡elKMb ‡`‡L‡Qb †h wewfbœ †Rjv‡Z K…wl cÖe„w× Amgvb| 1988 mv‡ji Zzjbvq 2002 mv‡j km¨ Avev‡`i wbweoZv K‡g †M‡Q Ges MÖvgxY RbM‡Yi Avq Dr†miI e¨vcK cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q| AK…wl Lv‡Zi ¸i“Z¡ Av‡Mi Zzjbvq A‡bK †e‡o‡Q| ZvB cwiewZ©Z ev¯—eZvi mv‡_ wgj †i‡L Kg©m~wP †bqv `iKvi| we¯—vwiZ LyuwUbvwU KiYxqmg~n wb‡P †`qv n‡jv: K. Lv`¨ km¨ Drcv`b mnvqK Kg©m~wP • e„wó wbf©i k-_ I gvSvwi cÖe…w×i †Rjv¸‡jv‡Z Òdjb cv_©K¨Ó Kgv‡bvi Rb¨ DbœZ RvZ D™¢veb Ges km¨ Drcv`b e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖmvi NUv‡bv| • miKvwi Ges †emiKvwi Lv‡Z DPP djbkxj exR M‡elYv kw³kvjx KiY| • Lvgvi ch©v‡q dmj msMÖn cÖhyw³i cÖmvi NUv‡bv| • Ddkx Avgb Rv‡Zi cÖ`k©bx e-‡Ki msMVb| • K…lK ch©v‡q Mg-exR ¸`vgRvZKi‡bi `¶Zv kw³ e„w× Kiv| • Lv`¨ mvnvh¨ weZi‡Yi †¶‡Î K…lK‡`i Drmvn g~jK g~j¨ wbwðZKi‡Yi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| • Lv`¨km¨ Ges K…wl cÖwµqvRvZKi‡Yi ms‡hvM DbœZ Kiv| • miKvwi ch©v‡q fyÆv msMÖ‡ni cwigvY e„w× Kiv| • gvbe m¤c` Dbœqb I cix¶vMv‡ii my‡qvM-myweav e„w×i gva¨‡g exR cÖZ¨qb ms¯’v‡K kw³kvjxKiY| • mvdj¨ jv‡fi m¤¢vebvgq M‡elYv †¶‡Î wewb‡qvM e„w×| • mgq wba©vwiZ (time-bound) KvVv‡gvq M‡elYv Kg©m~wP Aej¤^b Kiv| †¶Î¸‡jv n‡”Q: km¨ eûgyLxKiY, Lv`¨wfwËK cywó, Lv`¨ wbivcËv Ges dmj msMÖ‡nvËi km¨ AcPq (crop loss) Kgv‡bv| • mywbw`©ó K…wl cÖwZ‡ek A‡j (AEZ) G e„wó wbf©i Drcv`b e¨e¯’vi M‡elYvq g‡bv‡hvM †K›`ªxf‚Z Kiv| • evsjv‡`k avb M‡elYv cÖwZôvb KZ©„K mycvi ivB‡mi RvZ D™¢veb I Aegyw³i KvR Z¡ivwš^Z Kiv `iKvi|

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BbcyU mieivn • m¤úyiK Rj‡m‡P AwZwi³ wewb‡qvM| • gvSvwi Ges axi cÖe„w×i †Rjv¸‡jv‡Z Ddkx RvZ Avev‡`i Rb¨ Ri“ix wfwˇZ exR mieivn| • 5wU cÖÁvwcZ k‡m¨i (avb, Mg, Avjy, cvU Ges AvL) welq ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv| • Avš—t cÖvwZôvwbK mgš^q Ges M‡elYv Kvh©µg cÖewZ©Z Kiv hv‡Z bvbvwea Kg©m~wPi e¨env‡i ˆewPΨ Avbqb Ges K…lK‡`i AskMÖnY wbwðZ nq| • weGwWwm, GbwRI I miKvwi Lv‡Zi ex‡Ri Zzjbvg~jK `v‡gi Rwic Kiv| • wgkª mv‡ii we`¨gvb ‡¯úwkwd‡Kkb ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv| • ˆRe mv‡ii e¨envi e„w× Ges bvB‡Uªv‡Rb, dmdivm, cUvwmqvg m¤^wjZ wgkª mv‡ii dvg©cÖ`k©bx e„w×| • Rj ‡m‡Pi R‡ji AcPq †iv‡ai Rb¨ e¨envi `¶Zv evov‡bv| • e„wói cvwb‡Z Drcvw`Z dm‡ji Rb¨ we‡kl wewb‡qvM| • ‡mPiZ †ev‡iv GjvKv e„w×i c`‡¶c cÖewZ©Z Kiv, D‡j-L¨ †h, eZ©gv‡b 800,000 †n±‡i ‡ev‡iv Pvlvev` n‡PQ| Ges †ev‡iv Avev` e„wׇZ Rxe ˆewPΨ i¶vi wel‡q m‡PZb _vK‡Z n‡e| • mgwš^Z Dcv‡q f‚-c„‡ôi cvwbi Z`viwK †Rvi`vi Kiv| • bZzb cÖhwy ³‡K Drmvn cÖ`vb †hgb f‚c„‡ôi Rj‡mP Ges grm¨ Pv‡li Rb¨ ivevi euva| • mgwš^Z evjvB e¨e¯’vcbv bxwZ, b‡f¤^i 2001-Gi ev¯—evqb| • Pviv Mv‡Qi †ivM cÖwZ‡iva e¨e¯’vi †mev e„w×i Rb¨ K…wl m¤cÖmviY Awa`߇ii c-v›U cÖ‡UKkb DBs‡K Kiv, ch©vß M‡elYvMvi myweavw` Ges gvbe m¤c` Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡g kw³kvjx Kiv| • hvwš¿KxKi‡Yi euvavmg~n wPwýZKi‡Y Rwic cwiPvjbv| • hvwš¿KxKi‡Y FY mnvqZv e„w×KiY| • ¯^í hvwš¿K kw³ e¨eüZ †Rjv¸‡jv‡Z hvwš¿K kw³i cÖmv‡i g‡bv‡hvM †K›`ªxf‚Z Kiv| • GKKvjxb FY e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨ F‡Yi cvmeB e¨e¯’vi Kvh©Kvix e¨envi Ges Kvh©Kvix Z`viwK e¨e¯’v cªwZwôZ Kiv| L. km¨ eûgyLxKiY mnvqK Kg©m~wP • wbweo cvU Pvl Dbœq‡b cvU Pvlx‡`i Rb¨ GKwU ÔRyU c¨v‡KR wWjÕ Dbœqb Kiv| • cwjw_b e¨v‡Mi e¨envi wbwl×Ki‡Yi cieZ©x‡Z †µZvi µq ¶gZvi g‡a¨ cv‡Ui e¨v‡Mi AwaK e¨env‡ii Kvh©µg cÖeZ©b Kiv| • cv‡Ui bvbvwea e¨envi Ges wk‡íi mv‡_ Gi ms‡hvM NUv‡Z / e„wׇZ M‡elYv kw³kvjx Kiv| • Zzjv Drcv`b Ges Zzjvi mv‡_ MÖx®§Kvjxb kvK-kwâ I Wv‡ji Avš—t km¨ m¤c‡K©i Dbœq‡b wbweo mg_©b I M‡elYv kw³kvjxKiY| • Wv‡ji DbœZ RvZ D™¢ve‡bi Rb¨ M‡elYvi mvg_©¨ evov‡bv `iKvi| MÖvgxY A_©bxwZ

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• K…wlwfwËK wk‡íi Dbœq‡b KvwiMwi, e¨e¯’vcbv, evwYwR¨K civgk©, Z_¨ Ges Avw_©K †mevi e¨e¯’v Kiv| • ißvwb bxwZ 1997-2002 G B AvB Gd-Gi †h e¨e¯’v Av‡Q Zvi mبenv‡i ißvwbKviK‡`i my‡hvMvw` cÖPvi Kiv N. cwi‡ek msi¶Y mnvqK Kg©m~wP • Rxe-‰ewPΨ i¶vq c`‡¶c cÖeZ©b| • K…wl-ivmvqwbK `~lY cÖwZ‡iv‡a mgwš^Z Z`viwKi e¨e¯’v cÖwZôv| • ˆRe KxUbvkK Ges ˆRe mv‡ii e¨envi e„w× Kiv| • mgwš^Z evjvB e¨e¯’vcbvi DbœwZ Kiv| • fvimvg¨g~jK mv‡ii e¨envi DbœZ Kiv| • cvwb e¨env‡ii `¶Zv e„w×| O. gwnjv‡`i AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kiv mnvqK Kg©m~wP • K…wl Dbœq‡bi g~j avivq gwnjv‡`i Rb¨ we`¨gvb cÖavb bxwZi Kvh©KvwiZv e„w× Kiv| • Drcv`b wba©viY, Lvgvi e¨e¯’vcbv Ges evRviRvZKiY mgm¨vi wel‡q gwnjv K…lK‡`i mv‡_ KvR Kiv| • mswk-ó gwnjv‡`i j¶¨ K‡i bZzb cÖhyw³i †hgb, bZzb dmj, bZzb hš¿cvwZ, bZzb RvZ, mgwš^Z evjvB e¨e¯’vcbv BZ¨vw` Z_¨ cÖ`vb Kiv| • ‡RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj Kgm~wPi Dbœqb Ges cÖhyw³i M‡elYv I Dbœqb| • MÖvgxY gwnjv‡`i we‡klZ f‚wgnxb Ges cÖvwš—K gwnjv K…lK‡`i we‡kl j¶¨f~³ FY mg_©b cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g gwnjv D‡`¨v³v Dbœq‡b mg_©b I mnvqZv cÖ`vb Kiv| • m¤cÖmviY Kg©xi msL¨v e„w× Kiv| P. GbwRI, †emiKvwi LvZ I miKvwi Lv‡Zi g‡a¨ mgš^q mva†bi Rb¨ mnvqK Kg©m~wPt • K…wl Drcv`b Ges evRviRvZKi‡Y GbwRIi Ask MÖnY e„w× Kiv| • GbwRIi mv‡_ Askx`vwiZ¡ cÖwZôv hv‡Z km¨ Drcv`b Pzw³ m¤cvw`Z nq| km¨ eûgyLxKiY cÖK‡íi Aax‡b cv‡Ui eûgyLxbZv / ˆewPΨ Kg©m~wP Ges cwi‡ek m‡PZbZvi cÖPv‡i GbwRIi mswk-óZv `iKvi| • m¤cÖmviY, M‡elYv Ges FY †mevq GbwRIi AskMÖnY evov‡bv| • gwnjv‡`i Rb¨ ¶z`ª FY Kg©m~wP‡Z GbwRI Kvh©µ‡gi g~j¨vqY| MÖvgxY A_©bxwZ

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• exR Lv‡Z GbwRI mswk-óZv cÖ‡qvRb hv‡Z fZz©wK wenxb Drcv`b Ges evwYwR¨K †mev cÖwZôv Kiv hvq| • RvZxq †emiKvwi Lv‡Z exR wkí Ges mvi evRviRvZ Ki‡bi Dbœq‡b i¶Yv‡e¶Y, we¯—„wZ NUv‡bv Ges avivevwnK cÖ‡Póv Ae¨vnZ ivLv| • K…wl Dcv`vb Z`viwK‡Z RvZxq †emiKvix Lv‡Zi mvg_©¨ e„wׇK †Rvi`vi Kiv| • ¸wU BDwiqv cÖhyw³i e¨envi e„wׇZ RvZxq †emiKvwi Lv‡Zi f‚wgKv m¤cÖmviY| • wewfbœ bxwZMZ welq wba©vi‡Y †emiKvwi Lv‡Zi mv‡_ WvqvjM kvw³kvjxKiY| cÖwZôvwbK mgš^q mvab • wewfbœ ch©v‡q cÖwZwôZ KwgwUi msL¨v h_vm¤¢e Kwg‡q wb‡q Avmvi c`‡¶c cÖeZ©b Kiv| • K…wl gš¿Yvj‡qi g‡a¨ miKvix, GbwRI I †emiKvwi Lv‡Zi mswk-óZvq e¨emvwqK mgm¨v Ges mycvwi‡ki Rb¨ c„_K KÝvj‡UwUf KvDwÝj MVb Kiv| • GbwRI welqK ey¨‡iv‡K kw³kvjxKiY hv‡Z K…wl‡Z GbwRIi mswk-óZv m¤ú‡K© ey¨‡iv KZ…©K mgqwfwËK g~j¨vqY DrmvwnZ Kiv hvq| • f~wg Ges cvwb‡Z K…wl ivmvqwbK `~lY Ges K…wl I cix¶vMvi myweavw`‡Z Zv‡`i djvdj Z`viwKi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv KvDw݇ji g‡a¨ GKwU mywbw`ó BDwbU cÖwZôv Kiv hv‡Z WARPO, BWDB, DAE, DE,MRDI-Gi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ _vK‡e| • AatcwZZ Rwgi (Degraded soil) cwi‡ek msi¶Y I wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v †Rvi`viKi‡Yi Rb¨ cÖavb gš¿Yvjqmg~n Ges Zv‡`i ms¯’vmg~‡ni ga¨Kvi we`¨gvb mgš^q I cÖvwZôvwbK mvg‡_©¨i ch©v‡jvPbv mgx¶vi cÖeZ©b Kiv| • K…wl evRvi Awa`ßi‡K cybM©Vb hv‡Z dvg©‡K †K›`ªwe›`y K‡i evRvi ms‡hvM Ges GKwU †bUIqvK© cÖwZôv Kiv hvq| †hLv‡b †emiKvwi Lv‡Zi cvBKvwi evRv‡iI ißvwb evRv‡ii Z_¨ _vK‡e hv ißvwb Dbœqb ey¨‡iv Ges ni‡U· dvD‡Ûk‡bi ga¨Kvi ms‡hv‡Mi Dbœqb NUv‡e Ges hv‡Z GbwRI Aš—f³ ©‚ _vK‡e| • RvZxq K…wl m¤cÖmviY Kg©m~Pxi mycvwik Abymv‡i we‡K›`ªxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g m¤cÖmviY e¨e¯’v‡K kw³kvjxKiY Ges wbqwgZ g~j¨q‡Yi gva¨‡g m¤cÖmviY e¨e¯’v‡K †Rvi`vi Kiv| 4.2 K…wl c‡Y¨i b¨vh¨ g~j¨ wbwðZKi‡Yi Rb¨ wK wK mywbw`©ó c`‡¶c †bIqv †h‡Z cv‡i? cÖvK wbe©vPbx Uv¯‹ †dv‡m© ewY©Z mycvwik gvjvi h_vh_ ev¯—evq‡bi cÖwZ ¸i“Z¡v‡ivc Kiv `iKvi| [†`Lyb c~e©eZ©x c„. 3]

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4.3 exR mgm¨vi mgvav‡b cÖavb cÖwZeÜKZvmg~n wK Ges G¸‡jv cÖwZ‡iv‡a wK wK e¨e¯’v †bqv `iKvi? exR mieivn e¨e¯’vi `¶Zv I Kvh©KvwiZv e„w×i Rb¨ Uv¯‹ †dv‡m©i mycvwikmg~n Av‡iv †Rv‡i-‡kv‡i Kvh©Kix Ki‡Z n‡e| [we¯—vwiZ eY©bvi Rb¨ †`Lyb c„. 3] 4.4 K…wlFY weZiY e¨e¯’v mnRZi Kivi Rb¨ wK wK c`‡¶c †bIqv AZ¨š— Ri“ix? cÖvK-wbe©vPbx Uv¯‹ †dv‡m© ewY©Z mycvwikgvjvi h_vh_ ev¯—evq‡bi cÖwZ ¸i“Z¡v‡ivc Ki‡Z n‡e| K…wl F‡Yi †¶‡Î Uv¯‹‡dvm© wi‡cv‡U© wewfbœ ai‡bi Kg©c×wZi civgk© †`hv n‡qwQj Zvi g‡a¨ Ab¨vb¨ welq QvovI wQj K…wl FY cvk eB c×wZi g~j¨vqb Ges GwU‡K m¤ú~Y©fv‡e Kvh©Ki Kiv, ¯’vqx FY †Ljvcx‡`i †kªYx web¨vwmZ Kiv Ges cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi d‡j FY cwi‡kv‡ai e¨_©Zvi †¶‡Î miKvwi mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb Ges evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vsK Gi K…wl exgv kvLv †Lvjv DwPZ| 4.5 f~wg ms¯‹vi I fywg ¯^‡Ëi ms¯‹v‡ii Rb¨ KiYxqmg~n wK wK? cÖvK-wbe©vPbx Uv¯‹ †dvm© KZ…©K mycvwikK…Z c`‡¶cmg~n A`¨vewa ev¯—evqb Kiv nq wb| eZ©gvb Uv¯‹ †dvm© g‡b K‡i †h, c~‡e©v³ Uv¯‹ †dv‡m©i mycvwikgvjvi h_vh_ ev¯—evq‡bi gva¨‡g mydj cvIqv hv‡e| cÖvK-wbe©vPbx Uv¯‹ †dvm© Gi g~j mycvwik wQj : • ¯^”QZvi m‡½ Ges ΓwUnxbfv‡e 1984 mv‡ji f~wgms¯‹vi AwW©b¨vÝ weavbmg~n Kvh©Kix Kiv `iKvi| 1984 mv‡j cÖYxZ Dwj-wLZ weavb¸wji ev¯—evq‡bi mgq eZ©gvb cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯’wZi K_v Avgv‡`i‡K Aek¨B we‡ePbvq wb‡Z n‡e| 4.6 MÖvgxY A-K…wl LvZ m¤cÖmvi‡Yi j‡¶¨ wK Ki‡Z n‡e? 2003 mv‡j cybM©wVZ Uv¯‹‡dv‡m©i AwfgZ n‡”Q †h, c~‡e©i (cÖvK wbe©vPbx Uv¯‹‡dvm© cÖwZ‡e`b 2001) wi‡cvU© AK…wlLv‡Zi mgm¨v I m¤¢vebv m¤^‡Ü AewnZ Ki‡jI G Lv‡Zi weKv‡ki Rb¨ mywbw`©ó mycvwik †ck K‡iwb| eZ©gv‡b c~bM©wVZ (MÖvgxY A_©bxwZ) Uv¯‹‡dv‡m©i we‡ePbvq G‡¶‡Î wZb ai‡bi cÖwZeÜKZv weiRvgvb h_v: evRvi msµvš— cÖwZeÜKZv, †fŠZ cÖwZeÜKZv Ges bxwZ msµvš— cÖwZeÜKZv| eZ©gvb Uv¯‹ †dvm© g‡b K‡i †h, MÖvgxY A-K…wl Lv‡Zi weKv‡ki Rb¨ B‡Zvg‡a¨B wewfbœ miKv‡ii cÖYxZ wewfbœ †KŠkj Ges we`¨gvb bxwZgvjvi ev¯—evqb `iKvi| ¶z`ª Ges KzwUi wk‡íi Pvwn`v c~i‡bi j‡¶¨ evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii wewfbœ cÖwZôvb †hgb, ¶z`ª I KzwUi wkí K‡c©v‡ikb (wewmK), n¯—wkí †evW©, †ikg Pvl †evW© ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q| eZ©gv‡b 13wU gš¿Yvjq MÖvgxY AK…wlLv‡Zi weKv‡ki mv‡_ RwoZ| ZvB MÖvgxY AK…wl Lv‡Zi †UKmB Dbœqb wbwðZKi‡Yi Rb¨ AK…wl Kg©Kv‡Êi GKwU †K›`ªxq cÖvwZôvwbK ¯’vb (Institutional home) cÖ‡qvRb| ‡mwUi cÖwZôvB n‡e cÖ_g KvR| § GQvov miKv‡ii wewfbœ cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv `wjjmg~‡n cÖ¯—vweZ bxwZgvjv I Kg©m~wPi ev¯— evqbI Avï cÖ‡qvRb| Gi g‡a¨ D‡j-L‡hvM¨ n‡”Q : MÖvgxY A_©bxwZ

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¸i“Z¡c~Y© evRvimg~‡n MÖvgxY weKvk †K›`ª (Rural Growth Centre) cÖwZôv| wKQy cÖv_wgK †mevi e¨e¯’v †hgb XvjvBLvbv ev †givg‡Zi †`vKvb cÖwZôv Kiv| _vbv ¯—‡i Kg©ms¯’vb Ges wi‡mvm© †K›`ª cÖwZôv Kiv| jvMmB cÖhyw³i D™¢ve‡bi Rb¨ n¯—wkí †evW©, †ikg Pvl †evW© Ges evsjv‡`k ¶z`ª I KzwUi wkí K‡c©v‡ik‡bi (wewmK) Kv‡Ri †¶Î‡K cÖmvwiZ Kiv| MÖvgxY wkí weKv‡ki cwicš’x bxwZ Acmvi‡Yi j‡¶¨ wewbgq nvi I k~é bxwZi Dchy³ ms¯‹vi| MÖvgxY wkí ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ AbygwZ cÖ`vbKvix e¨e¯’vi (Licencing System) ms¯‹vi| cÖK…Z D‡`¨vM‡K wPwýZ Kievi cÖwµqv D™¢veb Ges Ggb GKwU e¨e¯’vi cÖwZôv Kiv hv AwZwi³ RvgvbZ wenxb FY cÖ`v‡bi welqwU ZË¡veavb Ki‡e| F‡Yi mv‡_ cÖwk¶Y Ges cÖhyw³ m¤cÖmvib cÖKí‡K mshy³ Kiv| wewmK Gi Kvh©µg‡K `„p I NbxfyZ Kiv hv‡Z mxwgZ Avw_©K I e¨e¯’vcbvMZ m¤c` AwaK msL¨K cÖK‡íi Rb¨ eivÏ bv nq A_©vr AwZwi³ Qwo‡q co‡Z bv cv‡i| gva¨wgK ¯—‡ii S‡i cov QvÎ-QvÎx‡`i Rb¨ e„wËg~jK cÖwk¶Y, cPbkxj c‡Y¨i Rb¨ msi¶Y I cÖwµqvRvZKi‡Yi myweav, msi¶Y myweavhy³ AvaywbK cwienY eni Pvjy Kiv, BZ¨vw`| Gme †¶‡Î weGwWwm-i gvwjKvbvaxb Ae¨eüZ †fŠZ KvVv‡gv mg~‡ni jvfRbK e¨env‡ii †Kvb my‡hvM _vK‡j Zvi Rb¨ ¯^‡Pó n‡Z n‡e|

7. wek¦vq‡bi †cÖw¶‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki K…wlLvZ I MÖvgxY A_©bxwZi weKv‡ki Rb¨ cÖavb KiYxqmg~n wK wK? wek¦vq‡bi d‡j K…wlLv‡Z m„ó P¨v‡jÄmg~n †gvKv‡ejv K‡i K…wlLv‡Zi cÖe„w× wbwðZ Ki‡Z evsjv‡`k‡K wZb ai‡bi e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ_gZ: evsjv‡`‡ki PjwZ wek¦ evwYR¨ Av‡jvPbvq Av‡iv †ewk K‡i m¤ú„³ nIqv DwPZ Ges mgRvZxq ¯^v_©mswk-ó †`k¸wji mv‡_ †RvUe× nIqv DwPZ| wØZxqZ: evsjv‡`k‡K wbqwgZfv‡e wek¦evwY‡R¨i bxwZmg~‡ni cwieZ©b cwiex¶Y K‡i wVK mg‡q wVK †KŠkjwU MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e, Z…ZxqZ: evsjv‡`k‡K e„nËi cwim‡i cj-x Dbœq‡b †KŠkj cÖYqb Ki‡Z n‡e| hv‡Z K‡i bZzb cÖhyw³i cÖeZ©b m¤¢e nq Ges K…lKiv DbœZ cÖhyw³ Ges DbœZ Rv‡Zi dmj Avev` Ki‡Z cv‡i, hv‡Z Avgv‡`i K…lKiv wek¦cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq Zv‡`i m¶gZv cÖgvY Ki‡Z cv‡i| DbœZ †`k¸wji fZy©wK cÖ`vb eÜ Kivi `vex Ki‡Z n‡e Ges ¯^í DbœZ †`k¸‡jvi c‡Y¨i ïé gy³ Ges †KvUv gy³ cÖ‡ekvaxKvi-Gi `vex‡Z HK¨e× Ae¯’vb †Rvi`vi Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖwZ‡ekx †`kmg~‡ni evwYR¨ bxwZi cwieZ©b †hgb fvi‡Zi evwYR¨ bxwZi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j evsjv‡`‡ki Lv`¨ wbivcËvi Dci eûgvwÎK cÖfve cwijw¶Z nq| evsjv‡`‡ki Lv`¨ wbivcËvq `wi`ª Drcv`K Ges `wi`ª †fv³v Dfq‡K we‡ePbvq Avb‡Z n‡e| ZvB evsjv‡`k‡K Lv`¨ k‡m¨i Drcv`b I `v‡gi welqwU e¨e¯’v wbqwgZ ch©‡e¶Y Kiv DwPZ Ges Drcv`b Kg n‡j wbæ ï‡é Avgv`bxi my‡hvM †`Iqv DwPZ| MÖvgxY A_©bxwZ

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GKB mv‡_ Drcv`bKvixiv hv‡Z Ab¨ †`‡ki mv‡_ Ab¨vh¨ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi m¤§yLxb bv nq Zvi Rb¨ AwZwi³ Drcv`b A_ev ißvbx fZ©ywKi we‡iv‡× miKvi‡K KL‡bv KL‡bv msi¶Yg~jK e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| wUªcm Pzw³i gva¨‡g DbœZ †`k¸wj hv‡Z †`kxq Ávb I cÖhyw³ Kzw¶MZ Ki‡Z bv cv‡i †mRb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki `ywU AvBb cvk Kiv Avek¨K h_v, c-¨v›U f¨vivBwU cÖ‡UKkb G¨v± Ges ev‡qv Wvqfvwm©wU GÛ KwgDwbwU b‡jR wcÖRvi‡fkb G¨v±| j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e †hb Gme AvBb Aek¨B RvZ D™¢vebKvix‡`i ¯^v_©, K…lK‡`i AwaKvi Ges †jvKvqZ Áv‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Avq e¨e¯’vi ga¨Kvi fvimvg¨ i¶v K‡i|

m¨vwbUvwi Ges dvB‡Uv m¨vwbUvix (SPS) kZ©mg~‡ni mv‡_ m½wZc~Y©fv‡e wPswo Ges Ab¨vb¨ K…wl c‡Y¨i ißvwb evRvi Dbœq‡b KvR Kiv DwPZ| Avg`vwbKviK †`kmg~‡ni Pvwn`vi Ici wfwË K‡i GmwcGmGi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq myweavw` Ges cÖZ¨vq‡bi mvg_©¨ e„w× Ges DbœZ Ki‡Z n‡e| Gme c‡Y¨i cÖwµqvRvZKiY, c¨v‡KwRs, gvb wbqš¿Y Ges cwienY e¨e¯’vi Dbœq‡b ch©vß m¤ú` mieivn Kiv Avek¨K| DbœZ †`k¸wji †hgb BD‡ivwcqvb BDwbqb cÖewZ©Z ÓGweªw_s evU Avg©mÓ (EU-BEA) D‡`¨v‡Mi d‡j ¯^‡ívbœZ †`k¸wj BD‡iv‡c ïé gy³ I †KvUvgy³ evRvi cÖ‡ekvwaKvi jvf K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl c‡Y¨i Avš—R©vwZK evRvi jv‡fi Rb¨ c‡Y¨i ¸YMZ gvb wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| AvMvgx w`b¸‡jv‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki bxwZ wba©viK‡`i GB w`KwU‡Z we‡kl g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z n‡e|

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mnvqK MÖš’cwÄ 1|

Avey Avãyj-vn (m¤úv`K): evsjv‡`k B‡Kvbwg: 2000, wm‡jK‡UU Bmy¨m, weAvBwWGm,XvKv, 2001|

2|

Avmv`y¾vgvb (2001), Óevsjv‡`k Bb `¨v Giv Ad †M-vevjvB‡Rkb: Kb‡÷ªB›Um GÛ AciPzwbwURÓ Bb Avey Avãyj-vn (m¤úv`K), 2000, cÖv¸³|

3|

K…wl Kwgkb, K…wl Kwgk‡bi cÖwZ‡e`b (AcÖKvwkZ), MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi, 1999|

4|

gvneye †nv‡mb Ges i“wk`vb Bmjvg ingvb (2003): evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl I MÖvgxY Dbœqb| XvKv BDwbfvwm©wU †cÖm wjwg‡UW|

5|

gÛj, GgGGm Ges Gg. Avmv`y¾vgvb (2002), i“ivj bb-dvg© BK‡bvwg Bb evsjv‡`k: K¨v‡iKUvwiw÷· GÛ Bmy¨R di †W‡fjc‡g›U| wmwcwW-i Wvqj‡M Dc¯’vwcZ M‡elbvcÎ|

6|

ingvb, †gv¯—vwdRyi Ges DËg Kzgvi †`e (2003), cÖ‡gvwUs GwMÖKvjPvi, dzW wmwKDwiwU GÛ i“ivj †W‡fjc‡g›U Bb w` Kb‡UK÷ Ae †PwÄs cwjwm wiRvBgm: evsjv‡`k cvi‡¯úKwUf GÛ Kbmvibm| BD Gb wW wc - Gwkqv †UªW Bwbwm‡qwUf Gi Rb¨ cÖYxZ evsjv‡`k Kvw›Uª ÷vwW|

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