Adams Slider Crank

ADAMS TUTORIAL Piston/Crank/Driveshaft Assembly

1.0 General Instructions Underline – CAPITALS – Bold – Italics –

Mouse click Menu or Toolbar Heading Required selection User entered information

Start Adams Log into any of the Windows 2000 workstations in the Wean cluster. Start->All Programs->Class Software->Adams 12.0->AView->Adams – View

In this window, Create a new model should be selected. MODEL NAME->Valve{group-number} ->OK *NOTE* This should be typed as one word, for example: Valve1 or Valve21, depending on your group number.

2.0 Set Up the Drawing Environment SETTINGS->Working Grid Size: Spacing:

X = 250mm Y = 250mm X = 10mm Y = 10mm

WORKING GRID SETTINGS->OK VIEW->Coordinate Window

3.0 Enlarging the Main Window MAIN TOOLBOX->Left Click Dynamic Pick.

Left Click top left corner of grid and Hold then Drag to bottom right corner of grid and Release

(This will enlarge the working area to fill the main window.)

4.0 Define Material Properties 4.1 Change Properties of Steel BUILD->MATERIALS->Modify DATABASE NAVIGATOR->materials (double click)

MATERIALS->steel (double click)

MODIFY MATERIAL->Poissons Ratio=0.30 MODIFY MATERIAL->Density=(7750.0(kg/meter**3))

MODIFY MATERIAL->OK

4.2 Change Properties of Aluminum BUILD->MATERIALS->Modify DATABASE NAVIGATOR->materials (double click) MATERIALS->aluminum (double click) MODIFY MATERIAL->Youngs Modulus = (7.20E+010(Newton/meter**2)) MODIFY MATERIAL->Poissons Ratio = 0.32 MODIFY MATERIAL->Density = (2750.0(kg/meter**3))

MODIFY MATERIAL->OK

5.0 Create Crank CD MAIN TOOLBOX->Left click Rigid Body: Link

LINK->Length (this should put a checkmark in the box) LINK->Length = (6.0cm)] LINK->Width(this should put a checkmark in the box) LINK->Width = (4.0cm) LINK-> Depth (this should put a checkmark in the box) LINK-> Depth = (2.5cm) MAIN WINDOW Click on the coordinate (120,0,0) Click on the coordinate (60,0,0)

(colors of parts may vary)

6.0 Create Crank BC MAIN TOOLBOX->Left click Rigid Body: Link

LINK->Length = (15.0cm) LINK->Width = (2.0cm) LINK->Depth = (1.5cm) (make sure boxes are still checked) MAIN WINDOW Click on PART_2.MARKER_2 Click on the coordinate (-90,0,0)

(colors of parts may vary)

7.0 Create Piston MAIN TOOLBOX->Right Click Rigid Body: Link RIGID BODY->Cylinder

CYLINDER->Length (this should put a checkmark in the box) CYLINDER->Length = (3.0cm) CYLINDER->Radius (this should put a checkmark in the box) CYLINDER->Radius = (4.3cm) MAIN WINDOW Click on PART_3.MARKER_4 Click on the coordinate (-200,0,0)

(colors of parts may vary)

7.1 Change Material to Aluminum Right Click on the Cylinder PART: PART4->Modify MODIFY BODY->Material Type = aluminum (make sure to just type aluminum in the space) MODIFY BODY->Apply (This should change the properties to those of aluminum like in figure below)

MODIFY BODY->OK

8.0 Add Revolute Joints 8.1 Add Joint 1 – (Crank CD to Ground) MAIN TOOLBOX->Left Click Joint: Revolute

MAIN WINDOW Click on PART_2 Click on ground Click on PART_2.MARKER_1

(Crank CD) (anywhere in the open grid) (the upper right point of the Crank CD)

8.2 Add Joint 2 – (Crank CD to Crank BC) MAIN TOOLBOX->Left Click Joint: Revolute MAIN WINDOW Click on PART_2 Click on PART_3 Click on PART_3.MARKER_3

(Crank CD) (Crank BC) (the intersection of Cranks CD and BC)

8.3 Add Joint 3 – (Crank BC to Cylinder) MAIN TOOLBOX->Left Click Joint: Revolute MAIN WINDOW Click on PART_3 Click on PART_4 Click on PART_3.MARKER_4

(Crank BC) (the Cylinder) (the intersection of Crank BC and the cylinder)

9.0 Add Translational Joint MAIN TOOLBOX->Right Click Joint: Revolute JOINT->Translational

MAIN WINDOW Click on PART_4 (the Cylinder) Click on ground (anywhere in the open grid) Click on PART_4.cm (near the center of the Cylinder i.e. (center of mass) Click on the coordinate (0,0,0) (the arrow will point in the positive X-direction)

10.0 Impose Motion on Joint 1 MAIN TOOLBOX->Left Click Rotational Joint Motion

CHARACTERISTIC->Speed = -4200d then hit the Enter key (This is equal to -4200deg/s which is the equivalent of 700rpm in the clockwise direction) MAIN WINDOW Click on JOINT_1

(the upper right portion of Crank CD)

10.1 Test Motion MAIN TOOLBOX->Interactive Simulation Controls

**The simulation controls are featured below. To run a simulation, click , and to reset a simulation, click

, to stop, click

.

Play simulation and 1) make sure piston moves linearly and 2) the crank rotates clockwise. Reset the simulation before continuing

11.0 Save and Print 11.1 Save Your Model FILE->Select Directory (C:\Documents and Settings\userid) FILE->Save Database INFORMATION->OK (The model has been saved to the directory you chose) 11.2 Move Saved Data to Andrew File System Start->Programs->Communications->KerbFTP OPEN CONNECTION->Hostname = unix.andrew.cmu.edu ->Connect Double left click the root directory on the left side of the bottom portion of your screen Right click on the folder labeled “Private” Left click New Directory then OK In the dialog box type: ADAMS Left click OK and a dialog box should appear (257 MKD Command Successful) Left click OK In the right portion of the bottom of your screen, the directory you just created should appear as a folder. Find the BIN file you just created on the local drive in the top portion of your screen. (C:\Documents and Settings\userid\Valve{groupnumber}.bin) Left click and drag this file to the ADAMS directory on the bottom screen. Verify that the file is properly placed in the correct directory on you AFS space. Close KerbFTP

11.3 Print First Copy FILE->Print (if in the Wean cluster, make sure to print at either Wean-8150 or Wean-8100) (both printers are located in the hallway outside the cluster) (it would be advised to make sure the printers are working) 11.4 Print at Different Angle VIEW->PRE-SET->Iso VIEW->RENDER MODE->Smooth Shaded

FILE->Print (Wean-8150 or Wean-8100) 11.5 Close Shop or Continue Going If you have had enough, this is the end of the first portion and you may close ADAMS/View. There is no need to save again. At another time you may begin at step 12.0. If you want to continue without closing ADAMS and finish up with the tutorial, disregard step 12.0 and begin at 12.1

12.0 Getting things started again You should have a file saved on your AFS space in a folder called ADAMS and it should be called Valve{groupnumber}.bin. Here’s how to get it. Start->Programs->Communications->KerbFTP OPEN CONNECTION->Hostname = unix.andrew.cmu.edu ->Connect Double left click the root directory on the left side of the bottom portion of your screen Double left click on the folder labeled “Private” Double left click the folder labeled “ADAMS” (your BIN file should be here) On the local drive (the top portion of the page) go to C:\Documents and Settings\userid Left click and drag your BIN file to this location on the C: drive The location of your file should now be C:\Documents and Settings\userid\Valve{groupnumber}.bin Start Adams Start->All Programs->Class Software->Adams 12.0->AView->Adams – View How would you like to proceed?->Open an existing database->OK Select File->Valve{groupnumber}.bin->Open (your BIN file should be located under C:\Documents and Settings\userid\Valve{groupnumber}.bin 12.1 Return to Front View VIEW->PRE-SET->Front

13.0 Simulate 13.1 Run Simulation MAIN TOOLBOX->Interactive Simulation Controls

**The simulation controls are featured below. To run a simulation, click , and to reset a simulation, click

, to stop, click

. Be sure to RESET the simulation between runs**

Run the simulation with an End Time of 0.2 and 100 Steps (this is for idle speed. You will repeat this again with a different End Time which is specified later). Let the simulation stop on its own. Make sure to reset the simulation after it is finished. If for some reason you need to replay the simulation, make sure to reset it.

13.2 Set Measurement Parameters for Cylinder Reset Simulation Right Click on the Cylinder Left Click --MARKER: CM->Measure POINT MEASURE->Characteristic = Translational Velocity (From Pull Down Menu)

POINT MEASURE->OK (A plot window should appear representing velocity of the cylinder) Right Click the plot window (In any of the white area) PLOT: SCHT1->Transfer to Full Plot

DATA->RESULT SET->JOINT_3 DATA->COMPONENT->Fx DATA->Add Curves

(This adds a curve for the force at the Cylinder joint)

FILE->PRINT->also show Windows print dialog (check box)->OK (Wean-8150 or Wean-8100) FILE->Close Plot Window 13.3 Set Measurement Parameters for Crank CD Make sure simulation is reset. Right Click on the CRANK CD

(Near the joint to CRANK BC)

Left Click --Marker: MARKER_2->Measure POINT MEASURE->Characteristic = Translational Velocity (From Pull Down Menu) POINT MEASURE->Component = mag POINT MEASURE->OK (A plot window should appear) Right Click the plot window (In any of the white area) PLOT: SCHT1->Transfer To Full Plot FILE->PRINT->also show Windows print dialog (check box)->OK (Wean-8150 or Wean-8100) FILE->Close Plot Window

13.4 Animation MAIN TOOLBOX->Animation

This mode has similar controls to the simulation mode with one exception: -1 and +1

Keep the cylinder velocity plot open Using the +1/-1 tools or the scrollbar under them, you can trace the velocities for each time step. +1 will move the crank and piston one step in the positive time direction. Similarly, -1 will move the system in the negative direction by 1 step. This will allow you to find estimated values of velocity on the plot at different crank angles. 0, 90, 180, and 270 degrees are easy to visualize, but 60 degrees may be difficult to see. It will be easier to calculate the time at which these angles occur. The angle is equal to (time)*(angular velocity). Therefore, the time to get to 90 degrees in idle is (90deg)/(4200deg/s) = 0.0214 seconds. Since there are 100 steps, each step will move the simulation by (End Time)/100. For idle the end time is 0.2 seconds and for red-line the end time is 0.02 seconds. In addition, step 1 is for time = 0 and step 101 is for time = (End Time). Here’s an equation to know what time coincides with what step: t = (tstep-1)*(End Time)/100 or tstep = t*100/(End Time)+1 The numbers you obtain for a time step numbers will probably not be whole numbers. You can obtain a good estimate of the velocity by assuming that the path between each step is linear. Therefore if you obtain a time step number of 17.4 from the equation above, you can estimate the v17 − v18 v17 − v17.4 velocity by comparing it to the velocities at 17 (v17) and at 18 (v18): = This method is called linear interpolation. 17 − 18 17 − 17.4

13.5 End Simulation Reset animation and close plot windows. Back to simulation mode MAIN TOOLBOX->Interactive Simulation Controls Make sure simulation is reset 14.0 Modify Motion Characteristics Right Click on the Motion Arrow (the big blue one) Motion: MOTION_1->Modify JOINT MOTION->Function(Time) = -33600.0d*time (-33600.0d*time is equivalent to -33600deg/s = 5600rpm clockwise)

JOINT MOTION->OK 14.1 Repeat Repeat measurements and plots as in Part 13 but CHANGE End Time in the simulation mode to 0.02 and keep Steps at 100. 14.2 If you finished the measurements and plots for both speeds, you may now close ADAMS/View. There is no need to save.