Abstract-intro-cpi-lab-expt-2 Copy.docx

ABSTRACT ETHYL

ALCOHOL

IS

ONE

OF

THE

PRODUCT

OF

PLANT

FERMENTATION THROUGH THE AID OF YEAST AND OTHER CATALYST. IT IS USUALLY PRODUCED IN MANY SUGAR INDUSTRIES WHEREIN THE RAW MATERIAL USE IS MOLASSES. OVER RIPPED FRUITS OR FRUIT JUICES CAN ALSO USE IN THE PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL. IN EVERY PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL

ONE

IMPORTANT

PARAMETER

IS

TO

DETERMINE

THE

PERCENTAGE OF ETHYL ALCOHOL PRESENT IN THE PRODUCT .THE PERCENTAGE OF ETHYL ALCOHOL CAN BE EXPRESSED IN PERCENTAGE VOLUME

(%

VOL)

SINCE

THE

UNKNOWN

CONCENTRATION

IS

A

CONCENTRATION OF LIQUID. THE DETERMINATION OF THE PERCENTAGE OF ETHYL ALCOHOL IS DONE TO KNOW THE AMOUNT OF ETHYL ALCOHOL PRESENT IN THE SOLUTION AND IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO SOME INDUSTRIES. THE MEASUREMENT OF ALCOHOL CONTENT IS AN IMPORTANT QUALITY CONTROL ASPECT IN THE FINAL STEPS OF THE FERMENTATION PROCESS ESPECIALLY USING ALTERNATIVE RAW MATERIAL. THE ALCOHOL CONTENT OF A SOLUTION CAN BE DETERMINED WITH THE USE OF DENSITY AND SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF THE SOLUTION. THE DENSITY OF THE ALCOHOL SOLUTION WAS DETERMINED WITH THE USE OF PYCNOMETER AND HYDROMETER. (CONCLUSION)

Keywords: yeast, catalyst, specific gravity, density, parameter

INTRODUCTION Ethyl alcohol is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid produced by yeast fermentation of glucose used as solvent in many fields like in medicine. It is usually produced in many sugar industries wherein the raw material use is molasses. Over ripped fruits or fruit juices can also use in the production of ethanol. In every production of ethanol one important parameter is to determine the percentage of ethyl alcohol present in the product. The percentage of ethyl alcohol can be expressed in percentage volume (% vol) since the unknown concentration is a concentration of liquid. The determination of percentage of ethyl alcohol is very useful in alcohol beverages since it is their basis to classify them. The measurement of alcohol content is an important quality control aspect in the final steps of the fermentation process. The alcohol content of a solution can be determined with the use of density and specific gravity of the solution. The density is an intensive property defined as its mass per unit volume and denoted as ρ-the Greek letter “rho”. The mass density of a material varies with temperature and pressure. The density of all solid, liquid and gaseous materials depends on temperature. Aside from temperature, the density of gaseous materials also depends on pressure. Increasing the pressure on an object decreases the volume of the object and therefore, increase its density. Increasing the temperature of a substance decreases its density by increasing the volume of that substance. Different materials usually have different densities, so density is an important concept regarding buoyancy, purity and packaging. Density can be measured in many ways and one way is to use pyncnometer. A pycnometer is a glass container with a precisely determined volume used for determining both the density of liquids and dispersion. The pycnometers is a flask with a close-fitting ground glass

stopper with a fine hole through it so that a given volume can be accurately obtained. This enables the density of a fluid to be measured accurately. The pycnometer method is more laborintensive and more time-consuming than the buoyancy and displacement methods. A simple gravimetric method for determining the density of flowing substances is to weigh a sample with a defined volume. The sample is placed in a container that has a defined volume, and the mass of the sample is determined by weighing. The density can easily determine according to ρ = m/V. Density can also measured by Hydrometer, device for measuring some characteristics of a liquid, such as its density or . The device consists essentially of a weighted, sealed, longnecked glass bulb that is immersed in the liquid being measured the depth of flotation gives an indication of liquid density, and the neck can be calibrated to read density, specific gravity, or some other related characteristic. Others may be calibrated in terms of “proof ” of an alcohol solution or in terms of the percentage of sugar in a sugar solution. The Baumé hydrometer is named for the French chemist Antoine Baumé and calibrated to measure specific gravity on evenly spaced scales wherein one scale is for liquids heavier than water, and the other is for liquids lighter than water

References: https://www.jove.com/science-education/10082/determining-the-density-of-a-solid-and-liquid https://www.canterbury.ac.nz/media/documents/science-outreach/ethanol.pdf https://www.britannica.com/technology/hydrometer https://web.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-042515 125216/unrestricted/Evaluation_of_Ethanol_Measuring_Techniques.pdf