Abap

1. Can you create a table with fields not referring to data elements? YES. eg:- ITAB LIKE SPFLI.here we are referening to a data object(SPFLI) not data element. What are the different types of data dictionary objects? tables, structures, views, domains, data elements, lock objects, Match code objects. 2. What should be the approach for writing a BDC program? STEP 1: CONVERTING THE LEGACY SYSTEM DATA TO A FLAT FILE to internal table CALLED "CONVERSION". STEP 2: TRANSFERING THE FLAT FILE INTO SAP SYSTEM CALLED "SAP DATA TRANSFER". STEP 3: DEPENDING UPON THE BDC TYPE i)call transaction(Write the program explicity) ii) create sessions (sessions are created and processed.if success data will transfer). 3. What are the problems in processing batch input sessions and How is batch input process different from processing online? PROBLEMS: i) If the user forgets to opt for keep session then the session will be automatically removed from the session queue(log remains). However if session is processed we may delete it manually. ii)if session processing fails data will not be transferred to SAP database table. 4. What does an extract statement do in the ABAP program? Once you have declared the possible record types as field groups and defined their structure, you can fill the extract dataset using the following statements: EXTRACT. When the first EXTRACT statement occurs in a program, the system creates the extract dataset and adds the first extract record to it. In each subsequent EXTRACT statement, the new extract record is added to the dataset EXTRACT HEADER. When you extract the data, the record is filled with the current values of the corresponding fields. As soon as the system has processed the first EXTRACT statement for a field group , the structure of the corresponding extract record in the extract dataset is fixed. You can no longer insert new fields into the field groups and HEADER. If you try to modify one of the field groups afterwards and use it in another EXTRACT statement, a runtime error occurs. By processing EXTRACT statements several times using different field groups, you fill the extract dataset with records of different length and structure. Since you can modify field groups dynamically up to their first usage in an EXTRACT statement, extract datasets provide the advantage that you need not determine the structure at the beginning of the program.

5. Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the data base physically? NO. TRANSPARENT TABLE DO EXIST WITH THE SAME STRUCTURE BOTH IN THE DICTIONARY AS WELL AS IN THE DATABASE,EXACTLY WITH THE SAME DATA AND FIELDS. 6. What is the step by step process to create a table in data dictionary? step 1: creating domains(data type, field length, range). step 2: creating data elements(properties and type for a table field). step 3: creating tables(SE11). 7. What is the typical structure of an ABAP/4 program? HEADER ,BODY,FOOTER. 8. A situation: An ABAP program creates a batch input session. We need to submit the program and the batch session in back ground. How to do it? go to SM36 and create background job by giving job name, job class and job steps (JOB SCHEDULING) 9. What are the domains and data elements? DOMAINS : FORMAL DEFINITION OF THE DATA TYPES.THEY SET ATTRIBUTES SUCH AS DATA TYPE,LENGTH,RANGE. DATA ELEMENT : A FIELD IN R/3 SYSTEM IS A DATA ELEMENT. 10. What is the alternative to batch input session? Call transaction. 12. What is a batch input session? BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and how next screen is processed. 13. What is the advantage of structures? How do you use them in the ABAP programs? Adv:- GLOBAL EXISTANCE(these could be used by any other program without creating it again). 14. How many types of tables exists and what are they in data dictionary?

4 types of tables i)Transparent tables - Exists with the same structure both in dictionary as well as in database exactly with the same data and fields. Both Opensql and Nativesql can be used. ii)Pool tables & iii)Cluster tables - These are logical tables that are arranged as records of transparent tables. one cannot use native sql on these tables (only open sql).They are not managable directly using database system tools. iv)Internal tables - .? SAP R-3 Interview Question? • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

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What is the command in subscript? In ver 3.0b how is the print program to layout set? What’s an effective way of using an internal table record? What are the types of internal tables? In production what is the user exit? What type of user exits have you written? Have you worked with field groups? Have you used Import/Export statements? In the ‘select’ statement what is group by? Have you used performance tuning? What major steps will you use for these? On ABAP: Did you set up a workflow? Are you familiar with all steps for setting up a workflow? Have you created Maintenance dialog or Table Maintenance? How to create client independent tables Difference between client dependent and client independent tables? Have you created database tables? Difference between Search Helps and Match Codes? Elementary search helps, Collective search help.? What does an EXEC SQL stmt do in ABAP? What is the disadvantage of using it? What is open sql vs native sql? What is a collect statement? How is it different from append? If an entry with the same key already exists, the COLLECT statement does not append a new line, but adds the contents of the numeric fields in the work area to the contents of the numeric fields in the existing entry.? How can I copy a standard table to make my own z_table.? Which transaction code can I used to analyze the performance of ABAP program.? How do we debug sapscript? Can we create field without data element and how? When top of the page event is triggered? How do you get output from IDOC?

SAP R-3 Interview Question? •

In selection screen I have three fields, plant mat no and material group. If I input plant how do I get the mat no and material group based on plant dynamically?

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On which even we can validate the input fields in module progams? What are client dependant objects in abap/sap? How data is stored in cluster table? What is the difference between Upload and WS_Upload ? Open datasets, Read datasets ( Reading and writing data to files)? Have you set up a back ground job ? How to create a background job without a variant ? Have you processed BDCs ? How do you send files to the legacy systems from SAP and vice versa? How does one know that the legacy files have come on to the SAP server you are working on? What kind of BDC programs are written ? Update types in Call transaction method. What is the difference? Call transaction method, how to capture the errors ? Data conversion experience? Experience with ABAP and Unix files? From Excel to ABAP - Is batch mode possible ? How to read files and process BDCs automatically? Difference between /N and /BEND? SM35 transaction . How to automate BDC ? BDC vs Direct Loads( have you used direct loads on SAP tables )? Recording Function? What are logical databases? What is Group by in Select statement? Catch Command? Explain Commit and Roll back? Difference between Insert, Update and Modify? What happens Update command is used without where clause ?

SAP R-3 Interview Question? • • • • • • • • • • • •

Select statement to read data into internal tables. Types of Select statements? hat’s an effective way of using an internal table record? Types of internal tables? Field groups? Control levels in internal tables? How to eliminate duplicate entries in internal tables? Size of the internal tables? Field groups and internal tables? Handling of internal tables? What is an Open Item in SAP? How will you find an Open Item in SAP? What are the modules in FI that you have worked on? In the MM module for finding out the standard cost what is the view one has to look at?

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What is the work you have done in the MM module and what programs did you use for creating views in MM? Condition technique? In the function module for reading text from the S.O header what needs to be specified? How do you get the Sales Order (S.O) No. from the Delivery Order? While picking can the pick list be updated automatically? In delivery processing which step comes first picking, packing,posting goods issue ? What happens when you post goods issue after delivery? How does the inventory get reduced after the delivery? Do you need and enquiry or quotation before we start the SD process? Explain what are the steps in the SD process at least up to the invoicing stage? What is an Unpack command? What is the reserve command? How many interactive reports did you write? What is the most complex interactive report that was written by You? Double click function on the lists, identifying the line selected by the user on the list. At-Line selection, At user-command etc..,? Exit and Stop. What is the difference? Check and Continue. What is the difference?

ABAP 1) What is runtime analysis? Have you used this? It's checks program execution time in microseconds. When you go to se30.if you give desired program name in performance file. It will take you to below screen. You can get how much past is your program. 2) What is meant by performance analysis? Have done 3) How to transfer the objects? Have you transferred any objects? 4) How did you test the developed objects? I was testing a developed object. There are two types of testing - Negative testing - Positive testing In negative testing we will give negative data in input and we check any errors occurs. In positive testing we will give positive data in input for checking errors. 8) How did you handle errors in Call Transaction? We can create a internal table like 'bsgmcgcoll'. All the messages will go to internal table. We can get errors in this internal table. Below messages are go to internal table. when you run the call transaction. - Message type - Message id - Message Number - Variable1 - Variable2 - Variable3 9) Among the Call Transaction and Session Method, which is faster? Call transaction is faster then session method. But usually we use session method in real time...because we can transfer large amount of data from internal table to database and if any errors in a session. Process will not complete until session get correct. 10) What are the difference between Interactive and Drill Down Reports?

ABAP/4 provides some interactive events on lists such as AT LINE-SELECTION (double click) or AT USER-COMMAND (pressing a button). You can use these events to move through layers of information about individual items in a list. Drill down report is nothing but interactive report...drilldown means above paragraph only. 11) How to pass the variables to forms? 12) What is the table, which contain the details of all the name of the programs and forms? Table contains vertical and horizontal lines. We can store the data in table as blocks. We can scroll depends upon your wish. And these all are stored in database (data dictionary). Which contain the details of all the name of the programs and forms? (I don't know). 13) How did you test the form u developed? How did you taken print? 14) What are Standard Texts? 16) What is the difference between Clustered Tables and Pooled Tables? A pooled table is used to combine several logical tables in the ABAP/4 dictionary. Pooled tables are logical tables that must be assigned to a table pool when they are defined. Cluster table are logical tables that must be assigned to a table cluster when they are defined. Cluster table can be used to store control data they can also used to store temporary data or text such as documentation. 17) What is pf-status? Pf status is used in interactive report for enhancing the functionality. If we go to se41, we can get menus, items and different function keys, which we are using for secondary list in interactive report. 18) Among "Move" and "Move Corresponding", which is efficient one? I guess, 'move corresponding' is very efficient then 'move' statement. Because usually we use this stamtent for internal table fields only...so if we give move corresponding. Those fields only moving to other place (what ever you want). 19) What are the output type and Tcodes?

20) Where we use Chain and End chain? 21) Do you use select statement in loop end loop, how will be the performance? To improve the performance? 22) In select-options, how to get the default values as current month first date and last date by default? Eg: 1/12/2004 and 31/12/2004

1. What is the typical structure of an ABAP program? Secretary

2. What are field symbols and field groups.? Ans: Field symbols: Field symbols are like pointers. Placeholders for fields or arbitrary data objects. Field group: A field group combines several fields under one name. **** Have you used "component idx of structure" clause with field groups? 3. What Ans. • • • Similar Similar • •

should be the approach for writing a BDC program? Analyzing data from local file. Analyzing transaction Declaring internal table to local file. to BDCDATA. Transferring data from local file to internal table. Population of BDCDATA. using call transaction/session method)

4. What is a batch input session? Ans. In this method transfer data from internal table to database table through sessions. Session is intermediate step between internal table & database table. Unless session is processed, the data is not transferred to the database table. 5. What is the alternative to batch input session? Ans. Call transaction method. 6. A situation: An ABAP program creates a batch-input session. We need to submit the program and the batch session in background. How to do it? Ans. You should process batch-input sessions in the foreground or using the error display if you want to test the data transfer. If you want to execute the data transfer or test its performance, you should process the sessions in the background. To process the sessions in the background, Set the Run mode to Background. 7. What z the diff b/n a pool table and a transparent table and how they are stored at the database level.

Ans. From user point of view all tables are used to store data. From administrator point of view Transparent tables do exists with the same structure both in the dictionary as well as in the database. Pool & Clustered tables are Logical tables, which are arranged as records of transparent table. These are not manageable directly by using database system tools. 8. What are the problems in processing batch input sessions? Ans.

Q. How is batch input process different from processing online? Ans. For online (Session method) external data is deposited in a session for later processing. For inline (call transaction method) the entire batch input process takes place inline in your program. 9. What do you define in the domain and data element. Ans. Domain is formal definition of data types from a technical point of view. Sets attributes i.e., type, range, length . . . DataElements are definition of the properties and type for a table field. It is an intermediate between the object type domain & table filed. 10. What are the different types of data dictionary objects? Ans. • Table. • Structures. • Views. • Dataelement. • Domains. • Lock Objects. • Match code objects. 11. How many types of tables exists and what are they in data dictionary? 12. What is the step by step process to create a table in data dictionary? Ans. • Create Domain. • Create Data Element. • Create Actual Table. 13. Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the data base physically? Ans. NO 14. What are the domains and data elements?

15. Can you create a table with fields not referring to data elements?

Ans. NO. 16. What is the advantage of structures? How do you use them in the ABAP programs?

17. What does an extract statement do in the ABAP program? Ans. An extract dataset consists of a sequence of records. These records may have different structures. All records with the same structure form a record type. You must define each record type of an extract dataset as a field group, using the FIELD-GROUPS statement. When the first EXTRACT statement occurs in a program, the system creates the extract dataset and adds the first extract record to it. In each subsequent EXTRACT statement, the new extract record is added to the dataset. 18. What is a collect statement? How is it different from append? Ans. COLLECT: When the line is inserted, the system checks whether there is already a table entry that matches the key. If there is no corresponding entry already in the table, the COLLECT statement has the same effect as inserting the new line. If an entry with the same key already exists, the COLLECT statement does not append a new line, but adds the contents of the numeric fields in the work area to the contents of the numeric fields in the existing entry. 19. What is Open SQL Vs Native SQL? Ans. Open SQL allows you to access database tables declared in the ABAP Dictionary regardless of the database platform that your R/3 System is using. Native SQL allows you to use database-specific SQL statements in an ABAP program. This means that you can use database tables that are not administered by the ABAP Dictionary, and therefore integrate data that is not part of the R/3 System. 20 (a). What does an EXEC SQL stmt do in ABAP? Ans. To use a Native SQL statement, you must precede it with the EXEC SQL statement, and follow it with the ENDEXEC statement as follows: EXEC SQL. ENDEXEC. Q20 (b). What is the disadvantage of using EXEC SQL stmt do in ABAP? Ans. Using inverted commas (") or an asterisk (*) at the beginning of a line in a native SQL statement does not introduce a comment as it would in normal ABAP syntax 21. What is the meaning of ABAP editor integrated with ABAP data dictionary? Ans. Area menu. 22. What are the events in ABAP language? Ans. Example for the structure of an ABAP program:

REPORT... NODES: SPFLI, SFLIGHT. DATA:... INITIALIZATION. AT SELECTION-SCREEN. START-OF-SELECTION. GET SPFLI... GET SFLIGHT... GET SPFLI LATE. END-OF-SELECTION. FORM... ENDFORM. 23. What is an interactive report? What is the obvious differences of such report compared with classical type reports? Ans. Interactive reporting allows the user to participate in retrieving and presenting data at each level during the session. Gives a basic list form which the user can call detailed information by positioning the cursor and entering the commands. Classical reports consists of one program the creates a single list which contains clustered data requested, regardless of the details the user wants to see. 24. What is a drill down report? Ans. A drilldown report is a report used for the interactive evaluation of data. (Interactive reports) 25. How do you write a function module in SAP? describe. Ans. • create funtion group. • create funtion module program in se37. specify the parameters for passing data to and from the module and the exceptions. write source code. • write exe program calling the funtional program. 26. What are the exceptions in function module? Ans. Exceptions are used to handle errors. The Funtion module checks for any type of error & raise exception & returns SY-SUBRC to the calling program. Main program checks for SY-SUBRC for any errors and then takes action accordingly. 27. What is a function group? Ans. Funtion Modules that operate with same data can be grouped in one known as funtion group. 28. How are the date and time field values stored in SAP? Ans. SY-DATUM & SY-UZEIT 29. What are the fields in a BDCTab Table. Ans. PROGRAM DYNPRO DYNBEGIN FNAM FVAL

30. Name a few data dictionary objects?

31. What happens when a table is activated in DD? Ans. To be able to accessed by other objects like programs. 32. What is a check table and what is a value table? Ans. A foreign key links two tables T1 and T2 by assigning fields of table T1 to the primary key fields of table T2. Table T2 is then known as the check table of the foreign key. value table : when you define a domain, you already know that all fields that use the domain will need to be checked against a particular table. You can store this information in the domain definition by specifying a value table. If you try to define a foreign key for a field that points to this domain, the value table of the domain is proposed as the check table for the foreign key.

33. What are match codes? describe? Ans.

34. What transactions do you use for data analysis? 35. What is table maintenance generator? Ans.

36. What are ranges? What are number ranges? Ans. SELECT-OPTION 37. What are select options and what is the diff from parameters? Ans. Select options are for range of values. Parameters are used for simple queries of single values. 38. How do you validate the selection criteria of a report? Ans. AT SELECTION -SCREEN. IF carrid = '11000'. error message. ENDIF. Q. And how do you display initial Ans. Using VARIANTS.

values in a selection screen?

39. What are selection texts? Ans. Long text for select option / parameters . Selection text (SELECT-OPTION, PARAMETER). This description appears on the selection screen.

40. What is CTS and what do you know about it? Ans. It intended for the system administrator who sets up the Change and Transport System (CTS). 33. What are match codes? describe? Ans.

34. What transactions do you use for data analysis? 35. What is table maintenance generator? Ans.

36. What are ranges? What are number ranges? Ans. SELECT-OPTION 37. What are select options and what is the diff from parameters? Ans. Select options are for range of values. Parameters are used for simple queries of single values. 38. How do you validate the selection criteria of a report? Ans. AT SELECTION -SCREEN. IF carrid = '11000'. error message. ENDIF. Q. And how do you display initial Ans. Using VARIANTS.

values in a selection screen?

39. What are selection texts? Ans. Long text for select option / parameters . Selection text (SELECT-OPTION, PARAMETER). This description appears on the selection screen. 40. What is CTS and what do you know about it? Ans. It intended for the system administrator who sets up the Change and Transport System (CTS). 41. When a program is created and need to be transported to production does selection texts always go with it? if not how do you make sure? Can you change the CTS entries? How do you do it? Ans.

42. What is the client concept in SAP? What is the meaning of client independent? Ans. Sets of software component which acts as service requester are called as client. 43. Are programs client dependent?

Ans. 44. Name a few system global variables you can use in ABAP programs? Ans. SY-DATUM, SY-UEZIT, SY-SUBRC, SY-DBCNT. 45. What are internal tables? How do you get the number of lines in an internal table? How to use a specific number occurs statement? Ans. Internal tables provide a means of taking data from a fixed structure and storing it in working memory in ABAP. The data is stored line by line in memory, and each line has the same structure, they are dynamic data objects. SY-DBCNT / SY-TABIX. DATA : BEGIN OF ITAB OCCURS 19, A1 TYPE I, C1 TYPE C, END OF ITAB. 46. How do you take care of performance issues in your ABAP programs? Ans.

47. What are datasets? Ans. Sequential files in application server. 48. How to find the return code of a stmt in ABAP programs? Ans. SY-SUBRC (except for transfer stmt). 49. What are interface/conversion programs in SAP? Ans. 50. Have you used SAP supplied programs to load master data? Ans. BDC 51. What are the techniques involved in using SAP supplied programs? Do you prefer to write your own programs to load master data? Why? Ans.

52. What are logical databases? What are the advantages/disadvantages of logical databases? Ans. Logical database are special ABAP programs that retrive data & make it available to application programs. Advantages of Logical database. • No need of taking care of the key field and the foreign key realtionship between the tables in question.(relationship between diff tables are reflected in tree structure of Logical database). • A selection screen with appropriate selection criteria is automatically created. • Program standard authority checks are executed by Logical database itself in reports.

• Logical database runtime.

improves the performance of reports at

53. What specific statements do you using when writing a drill down report? Ans. Hide stmt. 54. What are different tools to report data in SAP? What all have you used? Ans. ABAP query tool, 55. What are the advantages and disadvantages of ABAP query tool? Ans.

56. What are the functional areas? User groups? and how does ABAP query work in relation to these? Ans.

57. Is a logical database a requirement/must to write an ABAP query? Ans. No. 58. What is the structure of a BDC sessions. Ans. • Declare internal tables for upload. • declare another internal table with same structure of BDCDATA. • call function BDC_Open _group. • call function BDC_insert. • call function BDC_close_group. 59. What are Change header/detail tables? Have you used them? Ans. The change header contains both fields that define and describe the change and administrative data on the change master. The administrative data is updated by the system. 60. What do you do when the system crashes in the middle of a BDC batch session? Ans. 61. What do you do with errors in BDC batch sessions? Ans. BDC session with errors appears in INCORRECT session & it can be processed again. to correct the errors , first you can analyze the session to determine which screen & value produced the error, if there r small errors, correct them else modify the BDC pgm which generates session or the flat file itself.

62. How do u set up background jobs in SAP? What r the steps? What are the event driven batch jobs? Ans. 63. Is it possible to run host command from SAP environment? How do you run? Ans.

64. What kind of financial periods exist in SAP? What is the relevant table for that? Ans.

65. Does SAP handle multiple currencies? Multiple languages? Ans. YES 66. What is a currency factoring technique? Ans. 67. How do you document ABAP programs? Do you use program documentation menu option? Ans.

68. What is SAPscript and layout set? Ans. Printable document such as invoices, purchase order are printed with the use of forms, SAP allows the user to define these forms by using layout sets is SAP scripts. Layout set is used to design a document. Layout set on its own does not contain any data. Selection of data for the document is done through the print program. 69. What r the ABAP commands that link to a layout set? Ans. dataelement ... like ( /E ELE1) 70. What is output determination? Ans. 71. What are IDOCs? Ans. Intermediate document (IDoc) container for exchanging data between R/3, R/2 and non-SAP systems. ALE uses IDocs to exchange data between logical systems. Non-SAP systems can use IDocs as the standard interfacefor data transfer. IDocs are created when message types and (object) methods are distributed. The message type is the format in which the data for a specific business process is transferred.

72. What are screen painter? menu painter? Gui status? ..etc. Ans. Screen painter: Tool for creating the screens of a dialog transaction. Menu painter: Tool for creating and designing the graphical user interface of an ABAP program. GUI Status : Main element of the graphical user interface.A GUI status usually consists of a menu bar with menus, a standard toolbar, an application toolbar, and functions with function key settings. Together with the GUI title, the GUI status defines the actual state of the user interface of an ABAP program. 73. What is screen flow logic? What are the sections in it? Explain PAI and PBO. Ans. Flow logic : Code that processes a particular screen in the R/3 System.Flow logic statements are syntactically similar to ABAP statements, but you cannot use flow logic keywords in ABAP. You define flow logic in the flow logic editor of the Screen Painter. Flow logic comprises four modules: • PBO (Process Before Output) • PAI (Process After Input) • POV(Process On value request) • POH(Process On Help request) PBO : The processing of screen before the screen is displayed is done in this event. (event is triggered before the screen is displayed). PAI : This event is responsible for processing of screen after the user enters the data and clicks the pushbutton. POV : This is triggered when user clicks F4 function key (for listing all possible values for the field). POH : This event is triggred when user places the cursor on field and press F1 , by default system displays its own HELP for that particular field one can add his own HELP by writting in POH. 74. Overall how do you write transaction programs in SAP? Ans. • Create a module program. • Goto Screen painter in SE51. create & add all your elements. • write flow logic in screen painter • save & activate. • attach a transaction code in SE93. 75. Does SAP has a GUI screen painter or not? If yes what operating systems is it available on? What is the other type of screen painter called? Ans. 76. What are step loops? How do you program pagedown/pageup in step loops? Ans. Step Loops: these are repeated blocks of fields in a screen. 77. Is ABAP a GUI language? Ans. YES 78. Normally how many and what files get created when a transaction program is written? what is the XXXXXTOP program? Ans.

91. What are the different elements in layout sets? Ans. Header, Page, Pagewindows, Windows, Paragraph Format, Character String. 92. Can you use if then else, perform ..etc statements in sap script? Ans. Yes 93. What type of variables normally used in sap script to output data?

Ans. system defined & user define in program 94. How do you number pages in Sapscript layout outputs? Ans. &SY-PAGNO& 95. What takes most time in SAP script programming? Ans. 96. How do you use tab sets in layout sets? Ans. 97. How do you backup Sapscript layout sets? Can you download and upload? How? Ans.

98. What are presentation and application servers in SAP? Ans. Presentation server: Software layer in the R/3 System that accepts input from users and returns the results. Application Server :Server that provides a range of services to run the R/3 System. An application server consists of a dispatcher and one or more work processes for each service. The dispatcher manages processing requests, and work processes execute them. Each application server provides at least one dialog service and one gateway. 99. In an ABAP program how do you access data that exists on a presentation server vs on an application server? Ans. using dataset 100. What are different data types in ABAP? Ans. There are eight predefined types in ABAP with fixed length: Four character types: Character (C), Numeric character (N), Date (D), and Time (T). One hexadecimal type: Byte field (X). Three numeric types: Integer (I), Floating-point number (F) and Packed number (P). There are two predefined types in ABAP with variable length: STRING for character strings , XSTRING for byte strings Complex type. structure type. table type. Reference type. Data reference Object Reference

class reference

interface reference

101. What is difference between BDC and Call Transaction? Ans. BDC Session Method • Data is not updated in database tables unless session is processed. • No SY-SUBRC returned. • Error log is created for error records. • Updation in database table is always synchronous Call Transaction Method. • Immediate Updation in database table. • SY-SUBRC retuned. • Errors need to be handled explicitly. • Updation in database in database table can be Synchronous or Asynchronous 102. Setting up a BDC program where you find information from? Ans. 103. What has to be done to the packed fields before submitting to a BDC session. Ans.

Skills on the Up Anyone with these skills is likely to be employed, at good rates, even taking into account offshore outsourcing and Fast Track Visa Workers.

1. J2EE 2. .Net 3. C# 4. Project Management 5. Oracle 8 and 9i 6. SAP 7. Business Analysis 8. VB.net 9. NT Novell 10. Java New Hot Skills The top three are definitely becoming very hot skills. It's good to see Project Management up there. It is a much underrated skill. Business Analysts are also less immune to offshore outsourcing, as they have to remain reasonably close to the business users. SAP continues to do well and is taking market share from its rivals. Siebel also gained an honourable mention. Oracle continues to be very strong, and is also expected to gain even more market share in the coming years. Honourable Mentions Other skills that also received honourable mention for the future are some of those from before the downturn such as:SQL Unix C++ VB Access ASP In fact SQL, Unix and C++ are still the most sought after skills currently, and anyone who has them should stand in good stead. Those where you might find it a bit of a struggle in the next few years are the skills from before the previous downturn like Cobol, CICS, DB2 etc. There is still quite a lively market for PL/I though.