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ODW000106 Qos Configuration www.huawei.com
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Objectives Upon completion of this course,you will be able to:
The basic concept of QoS Traffic policing and shaping Congestion management Congestion avoidance CBQ
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Course Contents Basic concept of QoS Message classification and marking Traffic policing and shaping Congestion management
QoS debugging Congestion avoidance
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Basic Concept of QoS Qos (Quality of Service) means expected service quality of subscriber service in case of packet loss, delay, jitter and bandwidth while network communication IP Quos target:
Prevent and manage IP network congestion. Reduce the rate of IP message loss. Control IP network traffic. Provide private bandwidth for specific subscribers or service. Support real-time service over IP network.
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Loss of Packet… ? Internet
This
Is John Smith Speaking ……
One party said, …… This Is
…… Smith Speaking
The opposite party heard…… HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Del ay… Internet
First bit transmitted
Last bit received
A Processing delay
A Network transit delay
Processing delay
End-to-end delay
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time
Jitter… Internet
3
2
1
3 D3
Sender
2 D2
1 D1
D3=D2=D1 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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receiver
Bandwidth Limit…
10M I wa
nt 1 00M
M t 30 n a Iw
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IP
I want 2M
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Three Models of IP QoS Best-Effort model: Best-Effort model do not ensure the quality of service IntServ model: The service sends a signaling to NM to request special QoS. The NM reserves the resource according to the traffic parameter to satisfy the request. DiffServ model: In case of network congestion, control the traffic and forward differently according to the different service level stipulated to solve the congestion.
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Best-Effort Model Best-Effort is a single service model Using Best-Effort model can transfer any number of packets at any time without getting previous approval There is no guarantee with respect to time delay and reliability It is implemented by first in and first out (FIFO) queue technology
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IntServ Model Provide controllable end-to-end service. Network units support QoS control mechanism. The application applies to NM for specific QoS service. Signaling protocol deploy in network according to QoS request. RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol) is the most frequently used.
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RSVP Principle I want a bandwidth of 2Mbps
OK!
nt a th a w d I dwi s n a p b Mb 2 f o
OK!
I wa ban nt a d of 2 width Mb ps
OK!
OK!
Start to communicate
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I want a bandwidth of 2Mbps
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RSVP Disadvantages Require all end-to-end equipment supporting the protocol The network elements have to save status information for each application. So its expandability is low. Protocol message overhead is high for exchanging status information with neighboring units periodically. It is not suitable to networks of large size
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DiffServ Model As the packets enter the DiffServ cloud they are policed by the receiver. Within the DiffServ cloud, all the individual routers need to do this to give highest priority to the packets with the highest value in the type of service field Before packets enter a DiffServ cloud they are first classified by the sender. The sender sets the “type of service" field (which hence is also called DiffServ Code Point - DSCP),in the IP header according to the class of the data, so that the better classes get higher numbers.
DiffServ deals with bulk flows of data rather than single flows and single reservations. The contracts resulting from these negotiations are called “service level agreement", and will inevitably involve money. These service level agreements will specify what classes of traffic will be provided, what guarantees are needed for each class, and how much data will be sent for each class.
Traffic control
User’s network
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User’s network
A "DiffServ cloud" is a collection of DiffServ routers. Page 14
Course Contents
Basic concept of QoS Message classification and marking Traffic policing and shaping Congestion management
QoS debugging
Congestion avoidance
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Traffic classification Classify services and Regulate traffic over network borders. Service classification Based on DS domain Based on other features Traffic regulation Measuring Marking Dropping Shaping
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Message Classification and Marking ACL , IP priority
Basis of QoS execution service Based on the ACL and IP priority According to the classification result, pass the packets to other modules for processing or marking (toning) before classification by the core network.
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Course Contents Basic concept of QoS Message classification and marking Traffic policing and shaping
Congestion management
QoS debugging
Congestion and avoidance HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Traffic Policing
Token bucket
Flow classification
drop
CAR is the abbreviation for Committed Access Rate
Token barrel algorithm Control the traffic Shaping—Enable packet delay output of traffic flow is in accordance with regulation on service model Dropping—discard packets according to specific rule Marking—Set message DS domain or IP priority
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CAR Configuration Defining rules qos carl carl-index { precedence precedence-value | mac mac-address } Applying the CAR policy or ACL on the interface qos car { inbound | outbound } { any | acl acl-index | carl carl-index } cir committed-rate cbs burst-size ebs excess-burst-size green action red action
On one interface, total 100 CAR policy may be applied After the CAR policy is applied to the interface, this interface will not support the fast forwarding
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Example
S1/0
S1/1
E0/0 [Quidway-ethernet0/0] qos car inbound any cir 800000 cbs 150000 ebs 0 green remark--prec-continue 5 red discard [Quidway-serial1/0] qos car inbound any cir 80000 cbs 150000 ebs 0 green remark--prec-continue 3 red discard [Quidway] qos carl 1 precedence 3 [Quidway] qos carl 2 precedence 5 [Quidway-serial1/1] qos car outbound carl 1 cir 80000 cbs 150000 ebs 0 green pass red discard [Quideay-serial1/1] qos car oubound carl 2 cir 80000 cbs 150000 ebs 0 green pass red discard HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Traffic Shaping Token
128Kbps
Queue
bucket
Flow classification
256Kbps
128Kbps
FR
GTS (Generic Traffic Shaping) is to solve Interface rates on both sides of the link are not matching
GTS limits traffic of messages and buffer the messages which exceeds the traffic limit stipulated Traffic shaping may increase the delay.
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Example A
B S1/0
S1/0
[routerA-Serial1/0] qos gts any cir 80000 cbs 150000 ebs 0 queue-length 1000
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GTS Configuration Configure shaping parameters for a specified flows qos gts acl acl-index cir committed-rate [ cbs burst-size [ ebs excess-burst-size [ queue-length queue-length ] ] ] Configure shaping parameters for all flows qos gts any cir committed-rate [ cbs burst-size [ ebs excess-burstsize [ queue-length queue-length ] ] ]
the interface will not support the fast forwarding when using GTS
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Physical Interface Line Rate Flow classification
256Kbps
QoS queue
128Kbps Bucket
LR limites the total rate for sending packets (including the emergency packet) on a physical interface. LR also utilizes the token bucket to perform the traffic control LR using the QoS queue for congestion management
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LR Configuration Configure the physical interface bandwidth qos lr cir committed-rate [ cbs burst-size [ ebs excess-burstsize ] ]
Example
S1/0
[Quidway-Serial1/0] qos lr cir 80000 cbs 150000 ebs 0
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Course Contents
Basic concept of QoS IP QoS classification and marking Traffic policing and shaping Congestion management
QoS debugging
Congestion and avoidance
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Flow classification
Congestion Management Output queue In case of network congestion, ensure messages of different priority levels gain different QoSs, such as time delay and bandwidth Put messages into different queues according to their priority levels, and give different dispatch priorities, probabilities or bandwidths to different queues FIFO( First In First Out ) PQ( Priority Queue ) CQ( Custom Queue ) WFQ( Weighted Fair Queuing ) RTPQ CBQ (CBWFQ)
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FIFO Forwarding packet
FIFO (First In First Out) is simple First-In First-Out (FIFO) queuing--concepts of no communication priority and classification FIFO is the default queuing
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FIFO Configuration Configure the length of FIFO queue qos fifo queue-length queue-length
FIFO is the default mode of the Quidway router By default, the length of the FIFO queue is 75, with the value ranging 1 to 1024 Display the strategy of the interface display interfaces interface-type interface-number
[Quidway] display interface s0/0 …… Output queue : (Urgent queue : Size/Length/Discards) 0/50/0 Output queue : (Protocol queue : Size/Length/Discards) 0/500/0 Output queue : (FIFO queuing : Size/Length/Discards) 0/75/0 …… HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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PQ Flow classification
High Medium Normal Low
drop
PQ (Priority Queuing) guarantees that the data packet with higher priority can be sent in time
PQ is divided into 4 queue
:
High
,
Medium
,
Normal
High priority queues will be first dispatched
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,
Low
PQ Configuration (1) Configuring the Priority-list Queuing
Configure the priority-list queuing according to the interface qos pql pql-index inbound-interface type number queue { top | middle | normal | bottom } Configure the priority queue according to the network layer protocol qos pql pql-index protocol [IP/MPLS] acl alcnumber queue { top | middle | normal | bottom } Configuring the default priority-list queuing qos pql pql-index default-queue { top | middle | normal | bottom }
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PQ Configuration (2) Apply the priority-list queuing group on the interface qos pq pql pql-index Configure the queue length of the priority-list queuing qos pql pql-index queue { top | middle | normal | bottom } queuelength queue-length
Default length value of the priority queue
Queue
Length
top
20
middle
40
normal
60
bottom
80
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Example 10.10.0.0/16 S1/0 S1/1
[Quidway] acl number 2000 [Quidway-acl-basic-2000] rule permit ip source 10.10.0.0 0.0.255.255 [Quidway] qos pql 1 protocol ip acl 2000 queue top [Quidway] qos pql 1 inbound-interface serial 1/1 queue bottom [Quidway] qos pql 1 default-queue middle [Quidway] qos pql 1 queue top queue-length 10 [Quidway-Serial1/0] qos pq pql 1
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CQ Flow classification
Queue 0 Queue 1 Queue 2
drop
Queue 16
CQ (Custom queuing), that the user can configure the proportion of the bandwidth for the different queue CQ is divided into 17queues: Queue 0 is the system queue; queue 1 to queue 16 is the user queue. Each queue satisfies bandwidth the user configured on statistic
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CQ Configuration (1) Configuring the Custom-list Queuing
Configure the custom-list queuing according to the interface qos cql cql-index inbound-interface type number queue queuenumber Configure the custom queue according to the network layer protocol qos cql cql-index protocol protocol-name queue-option queue queue-number Configure the default custom-list queuing qos cql pql-index default-queue queue-number
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CQ Configuration (2) Apply the custom-list queuing group on the interface qos cq cql cql-index Configure the queue length of the custom-list queuing qos cql cql-index queue queue-number queue-length queue-length Configure the number of the continuously transmitted bytes of the custom queuing qos cql cql-index queue queue-number serving byte-count
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Example 10.10.0.0/16 S1/0 S1/1
[Quidway] acl number 2000 [Quidway-acl-basic-2000] rule permit ip source 10.10.0.0 0.0.255.255 [Quidway] qos cql 1 protocol ip acl 2000 queue 1 [Quidway] qos cql 1 queue 1 queue-length 100 [Quidway] qos cql 1 queue 1 serving 5000 [Quidway] qos cql 1 inbound-interface serial 1/1 queue 2 [Quidway] qos cql 1 queue 2 queue-length 90 [Quidway] qos cql 1 queue 2 serving 1000 [Quidway-serial0] qos cq cql 1
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Flow classification
WFQ
Queue 1 Queue 1 Queue 2
drop
Queue N
N=16,32…2048,4096 WFQ (Weighted fair queuing), assures justice to services with identical priority. Maximum number of queues can be configured (16-4096) Use HASH algorithm to dispatches the data flow into different queues The weight is based on the priority
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WFQ Configuration Configure the weighted fair queuing qos wfq [ queue-length max-queue-length [ queue-number totalqueue-number ] ]
Max-queue-length is 64 packets by default Total-queue-number is 256 dynamic queues by default
Example S1/0
[Quidway-Serial1/0] qos wfq queue-length 64 queue-number 512
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Basic concept of CBQ ……
CBQ provides users with class definition support. LLQ provides strictly preferred sending service
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Basic concept of CBQ Classes CBQ matches output packets according to rules and enables them to enter corresponding queues Traffic behaviors The behavior of matches the classes. including a group of QoS features. Traffic policies a group of classes and the corresponding traffic behavior
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Pre-defined classes Pre-defined classes The system pre-defines some classes and defines general rules for them. The user can use the pre-defined classes when defining the policy. The classes include:
Default class: default-class, matching the default data flow. DSCP-based pre-defined class: ef, af1, af2, af3, af4, matching IP DSCP values of ef, af1, af2, af3, af4 respectively. IP priority-based pre-defined class: ip-prec0, ip-prec1, ip-prec7: matching IP priorities of 0, 1, …7 respectively. MPLS EXP-based pre-defined class: mpls-exp0, mpls-exp1, …mplsexp7: matching MPLS EXP values of 0, 1, …7.
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Pre-defined behaviors Pre-defined traffic behaviors The system pre-defines some traffic behaviors and defines QoS features for them.
ef; define a feature of input EF queue, occupying 20% of the available bandwidth of the interface. af: define a feature of input AF queue, occupying 20% of the available bandwidth of the interface. be: define no features.
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Pre-defined policies Pre-defined policies The system pre-defines a policy, and specifies the pre-defined class for the policy and specifies the pre-defined behavior for the class. The policy is named default, with the default CBWFQ behavior.
The detailed rules of the default policy are as follows:
Pre-defined class ef, adopting pre-defined traffic behavior of ef. Pre-defined classes af1~af4, adopting pre-defined traffic behavior of af. default-class, adopting pre-defined traffic behavior of be.
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CBQ configuration The class-based queuing CBQ configuration includes:
Define the class and define a group of traffic classification rules in the class view. Define traffic behavior, and define a group of QoS features in the traffic behavior view. Define the policy, and define the corresponding traffic behavior for the class in use in the policy view. Apply qos policy in the interface or ATM PVC view.
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Classes configuration Define a Class and Enter the Classmap View (under system view)
traffic classifier tcl-name [ operator { and | or } ] The user-defined class name tcl-name should not be that of the classes pre-defined by the system. By default, the class is defaulted as and. That is, the relation between respective matching rules in the class view is logic AND Configure Matching Rules of a Class
if-match [ not ] any Define the rule matching all packets
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Classes configuration if-match [ not ] classifier tcl-name Define/delete classifier match rule if-match [ not ] acl access-list-number Define/delete ACL match rule if-match [ not ] { destination-mac | source-mac } mac-address Defining/deleting MAC address match rule if-match [ not ] inbound-interface { interface-name | interface-type interface-number } Define/delete input-interface match rule of a class
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Classes configuration if-match [ not ] dscp { dscp-value } Define/delete DSCP match rule if-match [ not ] ip-precedence { ip-precedence-value } Define/delete ip precedence match rule if-match [ not ] rtp start-port starting-port-number end-port end-portnumber Define/delete RTP port match rule if-match [ not ] protocol protocol-name Define/delete protocol match rule
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Classes configuration Examples Define match rule of class1 should be used. The match rule of class1 is the IP precedence is 5.
[Quidway] traffic classifier class1 [Quidway-classifier-class1] if-match ip-precedence 5 Define the packet whose class is class2, match rule is destination MAC address is 0050-BA27-BED3.
[Quidway] traffic classifier class2 [Quidway-classifier-class2] if-match destination-address mac 0050BA27-BED3
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Traffic behaviors configuration Define Traffic Behavior and Enter Traffic Behavior View
traffic behavior behavior–name behavior-name: Name of the traffic behavior. It is not the name of the traffic behaviors pre-defined by the system. Configure Features of a Traffic Behavior
queue {af | ef} bandwidth { bandwidth | pct percentage } Configure AF/EF and minimum available bandwidth queue wfq [ queue-number total-queue-number ] Configure fair queuing, can only be associated with the default class
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Traffic behaviors configuration queue-length queue-length Configure maximum queue length can be used only after the queue af command and queue wfq command have been configured.
wred [ dscp | ip-precedence ] Configure the discarding mode as random can be used only after the queue af command and queue wfq command have been configured.
wred weighting-constant exponent Configure exponential of average queue length calculated by WRED, can be used only after the queue af command has been configured and the wred command has been used to enable WRED
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Traffic behaviors configuration wred dscp dscp-value low-limit low-limit hjgh-limit high-limit [ discard-probability discard-prob ] Configure DSCP lower-limit, upper-limit and discard probability of WRED wred ip-precedence precedence low-limit low-limit hjgh-limit highlimit [ discard-probability discard-prob ] Configure lower-limit, upper-limit and discard probability of WRED precedence car cir committed--information-rate [ cbs committed-burst-size ebs excess-burst-size ] [ green action [ red action] ] Use traffic policing
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Traffic behaviors configuration queue ef bandwidth { bandwidth [ cbs burst ] | pct percentage } Configure ef and maximum bandwidth gts cir committed--information-rate [ cbs burst-size [ ebs excess-burstsize [ queue-length queue-length ] ] ] configure traffic shaping remark dscp dscp-value Set DSCP value to identify matched packets remark ip-precedence ip-prec-value Set precedence value to identify matched packets remark fr-de fr-de-value Set DE value to identify FR packets
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Behaviors configuration Examples Configure traffic behavior named test, and configure the minimum bandwidth of the behavior to 200Kbps and use tail drop and the maximum queue length as 16 .
[Quidway] traffic behavior test [Quidway-behavior-database] queue af bandwidth 200 [Quidway-behavior-database] queue-length 16 Configure DSCP value to 6 to identify packets.
[Quidway] traffic behavior database [Quidway-behavior-database] remark dscp 6
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Traffic policies configuration Define the policy and enter the policy view
qos policy policy-name When creating the policy, the default has the default-class as the default class, which associates with be behavior. Specify the traffic behavior for the class in the policy
classifier tcl-name behavior behavior-name Associate an Apply Policy to the Interface or ATM PVC
qos apply policy policy-name { inbound | outbound }
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Policies configuration Examples Define a policy named as huawei, Specify the behavior test for the class class1 in the policy huawei. And Apply the policy huawei in the output direction of interface Ethernet6/0.
[Quidway] qos policy huawei [Quidway-qospolicy-huawei] classifier class1 behavior test [Quidway-Ethernet6/0] qos apply policy HUAWEI outbound
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Typical CBQ Configuration Example PC1
PC3
PC2
PC4
Telephone
Telephone
In terms of service, it is required that service 1 occupies a bandwidth of 10K, service 2 occupies a bandwidth of 20K, under the premise of ensuring voice service.
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Typical CBQ Configuration Example Configure Router A
# Configure ACL rule. [RouterA] acl number 3001 [RouterA-acl-adv-3001] rule normal permit ip source 1.1.0.0 0.0.255.255 destination any [RouterA] acl number 3002 [RouterA-acl-adv-3002] rule normal permit ip source 10.1.0.0 0.0.255.255 destination any # Configure class 1. [RouterA] traffic classifier 1 [RouterA-classifier-1] if-match acl 3001 # Configure class 2. [RouterA] traffic classifier 2 [RouterA-classifier-2] if-match acl 3002 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Typical CBQ Configuration Example # Configure priority class. [RouterA] traffic classifier voip [RouterA-classifier-voip] if-match rtp start-port 16384 end-port 32767 # Configure traffic behavior (bandwidth of service 1 to be 10K). [RouterA] traffic behavior 1 [RouterA -behavior-1]queue af bandwidth 10 # Configure traffic behavior (bandwidth of service 1 to be 20K). [RouterA] traffic behavior 2 [RouterA -behavior-2]queue af bandwidth 20 # Configure traffic behavior (voice service to be priority service). [RouterA] traffic behavior voip [RouterA-behavior-voip] queue ef bandwidth 10 cbs 1500
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Typical CBQ Configuration Example # Configure QoS policy. [RouterA]qos policy 1 [RouterA-qospolicy-1]classifier 1 behavior 1 [RouterA-qospolicy-1]classifier 2 behavior 2 [RouterA-qospolicy-1]classifier voip behavior voip # Apply CBQ 1 to Serial0/0. [RouterA] interface serial 0/0 [RouterA-Serial0/0] qos apply policy 1 outbound # Remove EF on the interface. (The interface does not support CBQ in the case of EF.) [RouterA-Serial0/0] undo ip fast-forwarding HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Monitoring and Maintenance of CBQ Operation
Command display traffic classifier system-defined userdefined tcl-name display traffic behavior { system-defined userdefined behavior-name display qos policy { system-defined user-defined policy-name classifier tcl-name
display qos policy interface interface-name interface-type interface-number inbound outbound pvc pvc-name vpi/vci vpi/vci
display qos cbq interface interface-name interfacetype interface-number pvc pvc-name vpi/vci vpi/vci
debugging qos cbq ef af be HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Course Contents
Basic concept of QoS IP QoS classification and marking Traffic policing and shaping Congestion management
QoS debugging
Congestion and avoidance
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Monitoring and Maintenance of QoS Display configuration status and statistical information of Qos on the interface display qos [ car | gts | lr | cq | pq | wfq | wred ] [ interface type number ] Display the content of PQ and CQ display qos [ cql | pql ]
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Course Contents
Basic concept of QoS IP QoS classification and marking Traffic policing and shaping Congestion management
QoS debugging
Congestion and avoidance
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Congestion Avoidance Bandwidth utilization
time The traditional drop policy utilizes the Tail-Drop method The tail-drop may cause the TCP Global Synchronization
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WRED Flow classification
Queue 1 Queue 1 Queue 2 min-threshold
Max-threshold
drop
Queue N
N=16,32…2048,4096
WRED (Weighted Random Early Detection) WRED avoids the TCP global synchronization through the random drop packets compare with the queue length to perform the drop Based on the different priority to define the min-threshold and max-threshold The same priority but different queue , the queue longer the packet drop more
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WRED Configuration Enable WRED qos wred Configure the weight factor used in calculating the average queue length qos wred weighting-constant exponent Configuring Parameters for Packets with a Specific IP Precedence qos wred ip-precedence ip-precedence low-limit low-limit high-limit high-limit discard-probability discard-prob
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Example S1/0
[Quidway-Serial1/0] qos wfq [Quidway-Serial1/0] qos wred
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Thank You www.huawei.com
ODW000106 Qos Configuration www.huawei.com
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Objectives Upon completion of this course,you will be able to:
The basic concept of QoS Traffic policing and shaping Congestion management Congestion avoidance CBQ
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Course Contents Basic concept of QoS Message classification and marking Traffic policing and shaping Congestion management
QoS debugging Congestion avoidance
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Basic Concept of QoS Qos (Quality of Service) means expected service quality of subscriber service in case of packet loss, delay, jitter and bandwidth while network communication IP Quos target:
Prevent and manage IP network congestion. Reduce the rate of IP message loss. Control IP network traffic. Provide private bandwidth for specific subscribers or service. Support real-time service over IP network.
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Loss of Packet… ? Internet
This
Is John Smith Speaking ……
One party said, …… This Is
…… Smith Speaking
The opposite party heard…… HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Del ay… Internet
First bit transmitted
Last bit received
A Processing delay
A Network transit delay
Processing delay
End-to-end delay
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time
Jitter… Internet
3
2
1
3 D3
Sender
2 D2
1 D1
D3=D2=D1 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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receiver
Bandwidth Limit…
10M I wa
nt 1 00M
M t 30 n a Iw
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IP
I want 2M
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Three Models of IP QoS Best-Effort model: Best-Effort model do not ensure the quality of service IntServ model: The service sends a signaling to NM to request special QoS. The NM reserves the resource according to the traffic parameter to satisfy the request. DiffServ model: In case of network congestion, control the traffic and forward differently according to the different service level stipulated to solve the congestion.
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Best-Effort Model Best-Effort is a single service model Using Best-Effort model can transfer any number of packets at any time without getting previous approval There is no guarantee with respect to time delay and reliability It is implemented by first in and first out (FIFO) queue technology
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IntServ Model Provide controllable end-to-end service. Network units support QoS control mechanism. The application applies to NM for specific QoS service. Signaling protocol deploy in network according to QoS request. RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol) is the most frequently used.
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RSVP Principle I want a bandwidth of 2Mbps
OK!
nt a th a w d I dwi s n a p b Mb 2 f o
OK!
I wa ban nt a d of 2 width Mb ps
OK!
OK!
Start to communicate
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I want a bandwidth of 2Mbps
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RSVP Disadvantages Require all end-to-end equipment supporting the protocol The network elements have to save status information for each application. So its expandability is low. Protocol message overhead is high for exchanging status information with neighboring units periodically. It is not suitable to networks of large size
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DiffServ Model As the packets enter the DiffServ cloud they are policed by the receiver. Within the DiffServ cloud, all the individual routers need to do this to give highest priority to the packets with the highest value in the type of service field Before packets enter a DiffServ cloud they are first classified by the sender. The sender sets the “type of service" field (which hence is also called DiffServ Code Point - DSCP),in the IP header according to the class of the data, so that the better classes get higher numbers.
DiffServ deals with bulk flows of data rather than single flows and single reservations. The contracts resulting from these negotiations are called “service level agreement", and will inevitably involve money. These service level agreements will specify what classes of traffic will be provided, what guarantees are needed for each class, and how much data will be sent for each class.
Traffic control
User’s network
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User’s network
A "DiffServ cloud" is a collection of DiffServ routers. Page 14
Course Contents
Basic concept of QoS Message classification and marking Traffic policing and shaping Congestion management
QoS debugging
Congestion avoidance
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Traffic classification Classify services and Regulate traffic over network borders. Service classification Based on DS domain Based on other features Traffic regulation Measuring Marking Dropping Shaping
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Message Classification and Marking ACL , IP priority
Basis of QoS execution service Based on the ACL and IP priority According to the classification result, pass the packets to other modules for processing or marking (toning) before classification by the core network.
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Course Contents Basic concept of QoS Message classification and marking Traffic policing and shaping
Congestion management
QoS debugging
Congestion and avoidance HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Traffic Policing
Token bucket
Flow classification
drop
CAR is the abbreviation for Committed Access Rate
Token barrel algorithm Control the traffic Shaping—Enable packet delay output of traffic flow is in accordance with regulation on service model Dropping—discard packets according to specific rule Marking—Set message DS domain or IP priority
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CAR Configuration Defining rules qos carl carl-index { precedence precedence-value | mac mac-address } Applying the CAR policy or ACL on the interface qos car { inbound | outbound } { any | acl acl-index | carl carl-index } cir committed-rate cbs burst-size ebs excess-burst-size green action red action
On one interface, total 100 CAR policy may be applied After the CAR policy is applied to the interface, this interface will not support the fast forwarding
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Example
S1/0
S1/1
E0/0 [Quidway-ethernet0/0] qos car inbound any cir 800000 cbs 150000 ebs 0 green remark--prec-continue 5 red discard [Quidway-serial1/0] qos car inbound any cir 80000 cbs 150000 ebs 0 green remark--prec-continue 3 red discard [Quidway] qos carl 1 precedence 3 [Quidway] qos carl 2 precedence 5 [Quidway-serial1/1] qos car outbound carl 1 cir 80000 cbs 150000 ebs 0 green pass red discard [Quideay-serial1/1] qos car oubound carl 2 cir 80000 cbs 150000 ebs 0 green pass red discard HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Traffic Shaping Token
128Kbps
Queue
bucket
Flow classification
256Kbps
128Kbps
FR
GTS (Generic Traffic Shaping) is to solve Interface rates on both sides of the link are not matching
GTS limits traffic of messages and buffer the messages which exceeds the traffic limit stipulated Traffic shaping may increase the delay.
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Example A
B S1/0
S1/0
[routerA-Serial1/0] qos gts any cir 80000 cbs 150000 ebs 0 queue-length 1000
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GTS Configuration Configure shaping parameters for a specified flows qos gts acl acl-index cir committed-rate [ cbs burst-size [ ebs excess-burst-size [ queue-length queue-length ] ] ] Configure shaping parameters for all flows qos gts any cir committed-rate [ cbs burst-size [ ebs excess-burstsize [ queue-length queue-length ] ] ]
the interface will not support the fast forwarding when using GTS
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Physical Interface Line Rate Flow classification
256Kbps
QoS queue
128Kbps Bucket
LR limites the total rate for sending packets (including the emergency packet) on a physical interface. LR also utilizes the token bucket to perform the traffic control LR using the QoS queue for congestion management
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LR Configuration Configure the physical interface bandwidth qos lr cir committed-rate [ cbs burst-size [ ebs excess-burstsize ] ]
Example
S1/0
[Quidway-Serial1/0] qos lr cir 80000 cbs 150000 ebs 0
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Course Contents
Basic concept of QoS IP QoS classification and marking Traffic policing and shaping Congestion management
QoS debugging
Congestion and avoidance
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Flow classification
Congestion Management Output queue In case of network congestion, ensure messages of different priority levels gain different QoSs, such as time delay and bandwidth Put messages into different queues according to their priority levels, and give different dispatch priorities, probabilities or bandwidths to different queues FIFO( First In First Out ) PQ( Priority Queue ) CQ( Custom Queue ) WFQ( Weighted Fair Queuing ) RTPQ CBQ (CBWFQ)
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FIFO Forwarding packet
FIFO (First In First Out) is simple First-In First-Out (FIFO) queuing--concepts of no communication priority and classification FIFO is the default queuing
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FIFO Configuration Configure the length of FIFO queue qos fifo queue-length queue-length
FIFO is the default mode of the Quidway router By default, the length of the FIFO queue is 75, with the value ranging 1 to 1024 Display the strategy of the interface display interfaces interface-type interface-number
[Quidway] display interface s0/0 …… Output queue : (Urgent queue : Size/Length/Discards) 0/50/0 Output queue : (Protocol queue : Size/Length/Discards) 0/500/0 Output queue : (FIFO queuing : Size/Length/Discards) 0/75/0 …… HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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PQ Flow classification
High Medium Normal Low
drop
PQ (Priority Queuing) guarantees that the data packet with higher priority can be sent in time
PQ is divided into 4 queue
:
High
,
Medium
,
Normal
High priority queues will be first dispatched
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,
Low
PQ Configuration (1) Configuring the Priority-list Queuing
Configure the priority-list queuing according to the interface qos pql pql-index inbound-interface type number queue { top | middle | normal | bottom } Configure the priority queue according to the network layer protocol qos pql pql-index protocol [IP/MPLS] acl alcnumber queue { top | middle | normal | bottom } Configuring the default priority-list queuing qos pql pql-index default-queue { top | middle | normal | bottom }
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PQ Configuration (2) Apply the priority-list queuing group on the interface qos pq pql pql-index Configure the queue length of the priority-list queuing qos pql pql-index queue { top | middle | normal | bottom } queuelength queue-length
Default length value of the priority queue
Queue
Length
top
20
middle
40
normal
60
bottom
80
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Example 10.10.0.0/16 S1/0 S1/1
[Quidway] acl number 2000 [Quidway-acl-basic-2000] rule permit ip source 10.10.0.0 0.0.255.255 [Quidway] qos pql 1 protocol ip acl 2000 queue top [Quidway] qos pql 1 inbound-interface serial 1/1 queue bottom [Quidway] qos pql 1 default-queue middle [Quidway] qos pql 1 queue top queue-length 10 [Quidway-Serial1/0] qos pq pql 1
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CQ Flow classification
Queue 0 Queue 1 Queue 2
drop
Queue 16
CQ (Custom queuing), that the user can configure the proportion of the bandwidth for the different queue CQ is divided into 17queues: Queue 0 is the system queue; queue 1 to queue 16 is the user queue. Each queue satisfies bandwidth the user configured on statistic
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CQ Configuration (1) Configuring the Custom-list Queuing
Configure the custom-list queuing according to the interface qos cql cql-index inbound-interface type number queue queuenumber Configure the custom queue according to the network layer protocol qos cql cql-index protocol protocol-name queue-option queue queue-number Configure the default custom-list queuing qos cql pql-index default-queue queue-number
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CQ Configuration (2) Apply the custom-list queuing group on the interface qos cq cql cql-index Configure the queue length of the custom-list queuing qos cql cql-index queue queue-number queue-length queue-length Configure the number of the continuously transmitted bytes of the custom queuing qos cql cql-index queue queue-number serving byte-count
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Example 10.10.0.0/16 S1/0 S1/1
[Quidway] acl number 2000 [Quidway-acl-basic-2000] rule permit ip source 10.10.0.0 0.0.255.255 [Quidway] qos cql 1 protocol ip acl 2000 queue 1 [Quidway] qos cql 1 queue 1 queue-length 100 [Quidway] qos cql 1 queue 1 serving 5000 [Quidway] qos cql 1 inbound-interface serial 1/1 queue 2 [Quidway] qos cql 1 queue 2 queue-length 90 [Quidway] qos cql 1 queue 2 serving 1000 [Quidway-serial0] qos cq cql 1
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Flow classification
WFQ
Queue 1 Queue 1 Queue 2
drop
Queue N
N=16,32…2048,4096 WFQ (Weighted fair queuing), assures justice to services with identical priority. Maximum number of queues can be configured (16-4096) Use HASH algorithm to dispatches the data flow into different queues The weight is based on the priority
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WFQ Configuration Configure the weighted fair queuing qos wfq [ queue-length max-queue-length [ queue-number totalqueue-number ] ]
Max-queue-length is 64 packets by default Total-queue-number is 256 dynamic queues by default
Example S1/0
[Quidway-Serial1/0] qos wfq queue-length 64 queue-number 512
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Basic concept of CBQ ……
CBQ provides users with class definition support. LLQ provides strictly preferred sending service
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Basic concept of CBQ Classes CBQ matches output packets according to rules and enables them to enter corresponding queues Traffic behaviors The behavior of matches the classes. including a group of QoS features. Traffic policies a group of classes and the corresponding traffic behavior
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Pre-defined classes Pre-defined classes The system pre-defines some classes and defines general rules for them. The user can use the pre-defined classes when defining the policy. The classes include:
Default class: default-class, matching the default data flow. DSCP-based pre-defined class: ef, af1, af2, af3, af4, matching IP DSCP values of ef, af1, af2, af3, af4 respectively. IP priority-based pre-defined class: ip-prec0, ip-prec1, ip-prec7: matching IP priorities of 0, 1, …7 respectively. MPLS EXP-based pre-defined class: mpls-exp0, mpls-exp1, …mplsexp7: matching MPLS EXP values of 0, 1, …7.
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Pre-defined behaviors Pre-defined traffic behaviors The system pre-defines some traffic behaviors and defines QoS features for them.
ef; define a feature of input EF queue, occupying 20% of the available bandwidth of the interface. af: define a feature of input AF queue, occupying 20% of the available bandwidth of the interface. be: define no features.
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Pre-defined policies Pre-defined policies The system pre-defines a policy, and specifies the pre-defined class for the policy and specifies the pre-defined behavior for the class. The policy is named default, with the default CBWFQ behavior.
The detailed rules of the default policy are as follows:
Pre-defined class ef, adopting pre-defined traffic behavior of ef. Pre-defined classes af1~af4, adopting pre-defined traffic behavior of af. default-class, adopting pre-defined traffic behavior of be.
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CBQ configuration The class-based queuing CBQ configuration includes:
Define the class and define a group of traffic classification rules in the class view. Define traffic behavior, and define a group of QoS features in the traffic behavior view. Define the policy, and define the corresponding traffic behavior for the class in use in the policy view. Apply qos policy in the interface or ATM PVC view.
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Classes configuration Define a Class and Enter the Classmap View (under system view)
traffic classifier tcl-name [ operator { and | or } ] The user-defined class name tcl-name should not be that of the classes pre-defined by the system. By default, the class is defaulted as and. That is, the relation between respective matching rules in the class view is logic AND Configure Matching Rules of a Class
if-match [ not ] any Define the rule matching all packets
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Classes configuration if-match [ not ] classifier tcl-name Define/delete classifier match rule if-match [ not ] acl access-list-number Define/delete ACL match rule if-match [ not ] { destination-mac | source-mac } mac-address Defining/deleting MAC address match rule if-match [ not ] inbound-interface { interface-name | interface-type interface-number } Define/delete input-interface match rule of a class
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Classes configuration if-match [ not ] dscp { dscp-value } Define/delete DSCP match rule if-match [ not ] ip-precedence { ip-precedence-value } Define/delete ip precedence match rule if-match [ not ] rtp start-port starting-port-number end-port end-portnumber Define/delete RTP port match rule if-match [ not ] protocol protocol-name Define/delete protocol match rule
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Classes configuration Examples Define match rule of class1 should be used. The match rule of class1 is the IP precedence is 5.
[Quidway] traffic classifier class1 [Quidway-classifier-class1] if-match ip-precedence 5 Define the packet whose class is class2, match rule is destination MAC address is 0050-BA27-BED3.
[Quidway] traffic classifier class2 [Quidway-classifier-class2] if-match destination-address mac 0050BA27-BED3
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Traffic behaviors configuration Define Traffic Behavior and Enter Traffic Behavior View
traffic behavior behavior–name behavior-name: Name of the traffic behavior. It is not the name of the traffic behaviors pre-defined by the system. Configure Features of a Traffic Behavior
queue {af | ef} bandwidth { bandwidth | pct percentage } Configure AF/EF and minimum available bandwidth queue wfq [ queue-number total-queue-number ] Configure fair queuing, can only be associated with the default class
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Traffic behaviors configuration queue-length queue-length Configure maximum queue length can be used only after the queue af command and queue wfq command have been configured.
wred [ dscp | ip-precedence ] Configure the discarding mode as random can be used only after the queue af command and queue wfq command have been configured.
wred weighting-constant exponent Configure exponential of average queue length calculated by WRED, can be used only after the queue af command has been configured and the wred command has been used to enable WRED
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Traffic behaviors configuration wred dscp dscp-value low-limit low-limit hjgh-limit high-limit [ discard-probability discard-prob ] Configure DSCP lower-limit, upper-limit and discard probability of WRED wred ip-precedence precedence low-limit low-limit hjgh-limit highlimit [ discard-probability discard-prob ] Configure lower-limit, upper-limit and discard probability of WRED precedence car cir committed--information-rate [ cbs committed-burst-size ebs excess-burst-size ] [ green action [ red action] ] Use traffic policing
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Traffic behaviors configuration queue ef bandwidth { bandwidth [ cbs burst ] | pct percentage } Configure ef and maximum bandwidth gts cir committed--information-rate [ cbs burst-size [ ebs excess-burstsize [ queue-length queue-length ] ] ] configure traffic shaping remark dscp dscp-value Set DSCP value to identify matched packets remark ip-precedence ip-prec-value Set precedence value to identify matched packets remark fr-de fr-de-value Set DE value to identify FR packets
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Behaviors configuration Examples Configure traffic behavior named test, and configure the minimum bandwidth of the behavior to 200Kbps and use tail drop and the maximum queue length as 16 .
[Quidway] traffic behavior test [Quidway-behavior-database] queue af bandwidth 200 [Quidway-behavior-database] queue-length 16 Configure DSCP value to 6 to identify packets.
[Quidway] traffic behavior database [Quidway-behavior-database] remark dscp 6
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Traffic policies configuration Define the policy and enter the policy view
qos policy policy-name When creating the policy, the default has the default-class as the default class, which associates with be behavior. Specify the traffic behavior for the class in the policy
classifier tcl-name behavior behavior-name Associate an Apply Policy to the Interface or ATM PVC
qos apply policy policy-name { inbound | outbound }
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Policies configuration Examples Define a policy named as huawei, Specify the behavior test for the class class1 in the policy huawei. And Apply the policy huawei in the output direction of interface Ethernet6/0.
[Quidway] qos policy huawei [Quidway-qospolicy-huawei] classifier class1 behavior test [Quidway-Ethernet6/0] qos apply policy HUAWEI outbound
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Typical CBQ Configuration Example PC1
PC3
PC2
PC4
Telephone
Telephone
In terms of service, it is required that service 1 occupies a bandwidth of 10K, service 2 occupies a bandwidth of 20K, under the premise of ensuring voice service.
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Typical CBQ Configuration Example Configure Router A
# Configure ACL rule. [RouterA] acl number 3001 [RouterA-acl-adv-3001] rule normal permit ip source 1.1.0.0 0.0.255.255 destination any [RouterA] acl number 3002 [RouterA-acl-adv-3002] rule normal permit ip source 10.1.0.0 0.0.255.255 destination any # Configure class 1. [RouterA] traffic classifier 1 [RouterA-classifier-1] if-match acl 3001 # Configure class 2. [RouterA] traffic classifier 2 [RouterA-classifier-2] if-match acl 3002 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Typical CBQ Configuration Example # Configure priority class. [RouterA] traffic classifier voip [RouterA-classifier-voip] if-match rtp start-port 16384 end-port 32767 # Configure traffic behavior (bandwidth of service 1 to be 10K). [RouterA] traffic behavior 1 [RouterA -behavior-1]queue af bandwidth 10 # Configure traffic behavior (bandwidth of service 1 to be 20K). [RouterA] traffic behavior 2 [RouterA -behavior-2]queue af bandwidth 20 # Configure traffic behavior (voice service to be priority service). [RouterA] traffic behavior voip [RouterA-behavior-voip] queue ef bandwidth 10 cbs 1500
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Typical CBQ Configuration Example # Configure QoS policy. [RouterA]qos policy 1 [RouterA-qospolicy-1]classifier 1 behavior 1 [RouterA-qospolicy-1]classifier 2 behavior 2 [RouterA-qospolicy-1]classifier voip behavior voip # Apply CBQ 1 to Serial0/0. [RouterA] interface serial 0/0 [RouterA-Serial0/0] qos apply policy 1 outbound # Remove EF on the interface. (The interface does not support CBQ in the case of EF.) [RouterA-Serial0/0] undo ip fast-forwarding HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Monitoring and Maintenance of CBQ Operation
Command display traffic classifier system-defined userdefined tcl-name display traffic behavior { system-defined userdefined behavior-name display qos policy { system-defined user-defined policy-name classifier tcl-name
display qos policy interface interface-name interface-type interface-number inbound outbound pvc pvc-name vpi/vci vpi/vci
display qos cbq interface interface-name interfacetype interface-number pvc pvc-name vpi/vci vpi/vci
debugging qos cbq ef af be HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Course Contents
Basic concept of QoS IP QoS classification and marking Traffic policing and shaping Congestion management
QoS debugging
Congestion and avoidance
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Monitoring and Maintenance of QoS Display configuration status and statistical information of Qos on the interface display qos [ car | gts | lr | cq | pq | wfq | wred ] [ interface type number ] Display the content of PQ and CQ display qos [ cql | pql ]
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Course Contents
Basic concept of QoS IP QoS classification and marking Traffic policing and shaping Congestion management
QoS debugging
Congestion and avoidance
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Congestion Avoidance Bandwidth utilization
time The traditional drop policy utilizes the Tail-Drop method The tail-drop may cause the TCP Global Synchronization
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WRED Flow classification
Queue 1 Queue 1 Queue 2 min-threshold
Max-threshold
drop
Queue N
N=16,32…2048,4096
WRED (Weighted Random Early Detection) WRED avoids the TCP global synchronization through the random drop packets compare with the queue length to perform the drop Based on the different priority to define the min-threshold and max-threshold The same priority but different queue , the queue longer the packet drop more
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WRED Configuration Enable WRED qos wred Configure the weight factor used in calculating the average queue length qos wred weighting-constant exponent Configuring Parameters for Packets with a Specific IP Precedence qos wred ip-precedence ip-precedence low-limit low-limit high-limit high-limit discard-probability discard-prob
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Example S1/0
[Quidway-Serial1/0] qos wfq [Quidway-Serial1/0] qos wred
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Thank You www.huawei.com
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