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CASE BASED DISCUSSION



STASE PICU Oktober – Desember 2018

Post Kasai Procedure dengan Shunting Hepatojejunostomy dan Intraoperative Cholangiography + Biospi Hepar DF : No HF / DE : PJB Asianotik / DA : Mild PH, Moderate ASD Down Syndrome Immunization not carried out due to medical condition Failure to thrive Gizi kurang Riwayat pneumonia à membaik

dr. Ahmad Fachrurrozi MS PPDS ILMU KESEHATAN ANAK FKKMK UGM – RSUP dr SARDJITO YOGYAKARTA

SASARAN DISKUSI Kapan waktu yang tepat dimulai intake pada pasien post Kasai? Benarkan albumin berpengaruh pada kebocoran / komplikasi luka post op? Bagaimanakah management anak post operative Kasai Procedure di Ruang Intensive Anak?

IDENTITAS PASIEN Nama

:KP

Umur

: 2 bulan

Jenis kelamin

: Perempuan

Alamat

: Yogyakarta

Masuk PICU

: 29 November 2018

No. CM

: 01.86.31.89

Tempat Perawatan

: PICUU

KELUHAN UTAMA Post Kasai Procedure

PICU

29/11 pk.18.00

Stable PAT Initial Assessment Stable

Normal

Normal On Ventilator Normal

Initial Management •  A : Paten Airway, teirntubasi dengan ET Cuff No.3, kedalaman 9 •  B : on Ventilator mode SIMV Pressure Control, SIMV rate 30, PEEP 5, PC above 7, FIO2 40% •  C : IVFD Maintanance

Secondary Survey •  Merupakan pasien asal bangsal Melati 3, dirawat dengan : •  Kolestasis ekstrahepatal DD intrahepatal, Downe syndrome, PJB Asianotik, Mild PH Moderate ASD, Immunization not carried out due to medical condition, Failure to thrive, Gizi kurang, Pneumonia membaik •  Dilakukan operasi 29/11/2018, durasi 8 jam •  Tindakan : •  Intraoperative cholangiography •  Biopsi hepar •  Kasai procedure •  Shunting hepatojejunostomy

Secondary Survey

• Tanda vital selama operasi : • Tekanan Darah : • Sistole : 55-70 • Diastole : 30-40

• HR : 110-130 • RR : 40-45 on Ventilator • SpO2 : 95-100% dengan FiO2 40-50%

Secondary Survey •  Balance cairan selama Op : •  Cairan masuk : •  Kristaloid D2% 160 cc •  PRC 10 cc •  Obat 5 cc •  TOTAL Input : 175 cc •  Cairan Keluar : •  Urin 50 cc •  Perdarahan 55 cc •  IWL 28 cc •  TOTAL Output 133 cc

•  Balance Cairan dalam 8 jam : (+)42 •  Diuresis selama 8 jam : 2,2

Secondary Survey

• Obat anestesi yang masuk selama Op : • Induksi : Cefofluran dan Fentanil 10 mcg • Maintanance : Fentanil 7 mcg/jam • Obat anestesi terakhir : • Midazolam 0,4 mg (1 jam sebelum tiba di PICU) • Muscle Relaxan yang digunakan : • Atracurium 2 mg (10 jam sebelum tiba di PICU)

Objective OBJECTIVE •  KU : lemah, terintubasi •  Term : 37,4 C •  CNS :

Secondary Survey

•  Dalam sedasi midazolam 1 mcg/kg/menit •  Dalam maintanance Fentanil 1 mcg/kg/menit •  Pupil 3 mm / 3 mm, isokor, Refleks cahaya (+/+), Refleks kornea (+/+)

•  CVS : HR 110-130, Cor : S1 tunggal, S2 split tak konstan, Bising (+) ejeksi sistolik grade 3/6, SIC 3-4 •  Balance : (+)42 dalam 8 jam •  Diuresis : 2,2 dalam 8 jam

•  Resp : RR 40 dalam ventilator mode SIMV Pressure Control, rate 30, PEEP 5, PC above 7, FiO2 40% •  GIT : terpasang NGT, mengalir produk kekuningan •  GUT : terpasang DC •  Integumentum : tidak mottled, tidak sianosis

Parameters

29/11

Reference Range

Hemoglobin (g/dL)

12,6

10,4-16,0

Leukocytes (103/µL)

7.340

6000-18000

233.000

150.000-450.000

Hematocrit (%)

39,0

35-51

Neutrophil (%)

67,2

18-38

Monocyte%)

3,1

2-11

Eosynophil (%)

0,1

1.0-4.0

Lymphocytes(%)

29,2

45-75

MCV (fl)

85,0

83-107

MCH (pg)

27,5

25-35

MCHC (g/dl)

32,3

32-36

SGOT (U/L)

2305

15-37

SGPT (U/L)

1089

12-78

Thrombocytes (103/µL)

Secondary Survey

ASSESSMENT 1.  Post Kasai Procedure dengan Shunting Hepatojejunostomy dan Intraoperative Cholangiography + Biospi Hepar (POD 0) 2.  DF : No HF / DE : PJB Asianotik / DA : Mild PH, Moderate ASD 3.  Down Syndrome 4.  Immunization not carried out due to medical condition 5.  Failure to thrive 6.  Gizi kurang 7.  Riwayat pneumonia à membaik

Secondary Survey

PLANNING 1.  2.  3.  4.  5.  6. 

IVFD D5 ¼ NS maintanance 14 cc/jam Inj. Cefotaxim 170 mg / 8 jam IV (H1) Inj. Metronidazole 30 mg / 8 jam IV (H1) Inj. Paracetamol 40 mg / 6 jam IV kp demam OGT dialirkan Cek lab post op

PICU H-2 / POD 1 30/11/2018 Subjective Subjective Post Op Kasai Procedure Objective Objective -  Term : Subfebris 2x pengukuran (Suhu puncak 37,9 C) -  CNS : stasioner -  CVS : Balance : (+)22,54; Diuresis : 3,15 -  Resp : CPAP sejak pk. 06.00 -  GIT : stasioner -  GUT : stasioner -  Integumentum : stasioner

Assessment Assessment •  Post Kasai Procedure dengan Shunting Hepatojejunum dan Intraoperative Colangiography + Biopsi Hepar (POD I) •  Stasioner Planning Planning -  Cefotaxim IV (H2) -  Metronidazole IV (H2) -  TPN D10%

PICU H-3 / POD 2 01/12/2018 Subjective Subjective Post Op Kasai Procedure Objective Objective -  Term : Tidak ada demam -  CNS : stasioner -  CVS : Balance : (-)480,6 ; Diuresis : 6,7 -  Resp : Napas Spontan -  GIT : stasioner -  GUT : stasioner -  Integumentum : stasioner

Assessment

•  Post Kasai Procedure dengan Shunting Hepatojejunum dan Intraoperative Colangiography + Biopsi Hepar (POD 2) •  Poliuria

Planning

-  Cefotaxim IV (H3) -  Metronidazole IV (H3) -  Kaen 3B

PICU H-4 / POD 3 02/12/2018 Subjective Subjective Post Op Kasai Procedure Objective -  Term : Tidak ada demam -  CNS : stasioner -  CVS : Balance : (-)138,4; Diuresis : 4,96 -  Resp : stasioner -  GIT : stasioner -  GUT : stasioner -  Integumentum : stasioner -  ALBUMIN : 2,06

Assessment Assessment •  Post Kasai Procedure dengan Shunting Hepatojejunum dan Intraoperative Colangiography + Biopsi Hepar (POD 3) •  Hipoalbuminemia Planning -  Cefotaxim IV (H4) -  Metronidazole IV (H4) -  Kaen 3B -  Clear Water (1à2 cc/jam) -  Transfusi Albumin

PICU H-5 / POD 4 03/12/2018 Subjective Subjective Post Op Kasai Procedure Objective -  Term : Demam 3x pengukuran, suhu puncak 39 C -  CNS : stasioner -  CVS : Balance : (-)173,6 ; BCK : (-)770,06 ; Diuresis : 5,0 -  Resp : Napas Spontan -  GIT : stasioner -  GUT : stasioner -  Integumentum : stasioner

Assessment

•  Post Kasai Procedure dengan Shunting Hepatojejunum dan Intraoperative Colangiography + Biopsi Hepar (POD 4)

Planning

-  Cefotaxim IV (H5) -  Metronidazole IV (H5) -  ASI (4 à 8 cc/jam)

PICU H-6 / POD 5 04/12/2018 Subjective Subjective 29/11 02/12 Post Op Kasai Procedure WBC 7340 5860 Drain tampak keruh Neut% 67,2 54,4 Limf% 29,2 37,2 Objective -  Term : Subfebris 2x Neut # 4930 3190 pengukuran : 37,9 C Limf # 2140 2180 -  CNS : stasioner 12,6 13,3 -  CVS : Balance : (-)109; Hb Diuresis : 5,68 Platelet 233.000 207.000 -  Resp : stasioner CRP -  GIT : stasioner Procalcitonin -  GUT : stasioner -  Integumentum : PELOD 0 stasioner PSOFA 0 -  ALBUMIN : 2,92

04/12 4270 60,3 35,6 2570 1520 12,5 211.000 11 1,35 0 0

Assessment Assessment •  Post Kasai Procedure dengan Shunting Hepatojejunum dan Intraoperative Colangiography + Biopsi Hepar (POD 5) •  Stasioner Planning Planning -  Meropenem (H1) -  D12,5 % + Puasa -  Milrinin -  Urin Tampung

PICU H-7 / POD 6 05/12/2018 Subjective Subjective Post Op Kasai Procedure Objective Objective -  Term : Demam 4x pengukuran, suhu puncak 38,8 C -  CNS : stasioner -  CVS : Balance : (-)117,75 ; Diuresis : 6,1 -  Resp : stasioner -  GIT : stasioner -  GUT : stasioner -  Integumentum : stasioner

04/12

Nilai Normal

Satuan

Creatinin Urin

6,92

28-217

mg/dL

K Urin

13,16

32-83

mmol/L

Na Urin

85,00

71-171

mmol/L

Cl Urin

70,1

75-199

mmol/L

Mg Urin

2

24-255

mg/dL

Fraksi Ekskresi Na

2,22

<1%

%

Fraksi Ekskresi K

13,78

<10%

%

Fraksi Ekskresi Cl

2,39

-

%

Na

138

132-141

mmol/L

K

3,45

3,5-5,1

mmol/L

Cl

106

97-108

mmol/L

Mg

1,96

1,6-2,4

mg/dL

Assessment Assessment •  Post Kasai Procedure dengan Shunting Hepatojejunum dan Intraoperative Colangiography + Biopsi Hepar (POD 6) •  Stasioner Planning Planning -  Meropenem (H2) -  D12,5 % + ASI -  Milrinin à Stop

PICU H-8 / POD 7 06/12/2018 Subjective Subjective Post Op Kasai Procedure Objective Objective -  Term : Subfebris 1x pengukuran 37,8 C -  CNS : stasioner -  CVS : Balance : (-)230,41 ; Diuresis : 6,4 -  Resp : stasioner -  GIT : stasioner -  GUT : stasioner -  Integumentum : stasioner

Assessment 28/11 29/11 04/12 06/12 Nilai Assessment Normal •  Post Kasai Procedure dengan Bil. Total 2,44 - 3,05 4,03 <1,00 Shunting Bil. Direk 1,58 - 2,64 3,64 0,0-0,2 Hepatojejunum Gamma 541 - 279 385 <203 dan Intraoperative GT Colangiography + Fosfatase 463 - 218 221 <390 Biopsi Hepar (POD Alkali 7) SGOT - 2305 92 60 <84 •  Stasioner SGPT - 1089 182 125 <60 Planning Planning -  Meropenem (H3) -  D12,5 % + ASI naik -  MP 5 mg/8 jam IV

PICU H-9 / POD 8 07/12/2018 Subjective Subjective Post Op Kasai Procedure Objective Objective -  Term : Tidak ada demam -  CNS : stasioner -  CVS : Balance : (-)30 ; Diuresis : 2,88 -  Resp : stasioner -  GIT : stasioner -  GUT : stasioner -  Integumentum : stasioner

Kultur Darah 29/11/2018 : Tidak ada pertumbuhan kuman

Assessment Assessment •  Post Kasai Procedure dengan Shunting Hepatojejunum dan Intraoperative Colangiography + Biopsi Hepar (POD 7) •  Stasioner Planning Planning -  Meropenem (H4) -  ASI Full -  MP 5 mg/8 jam IV

29/ 11

TD 200

N 150

R 60

S 40

30/ 11

BC : BC : BC : +22 -480,6 -138,4 D : D : D : 4,96 3,15 6,7

D51/4 160

130 50

39

120

110

40

38

80

90

30

37

40

70

20

36

01/ 12

02/ 12

BC : -154 D : 5,0

Kaen 3B

03/ 12

04/ 12

05/ 12

06/ 12

07/ 12

BC : BC : BC : BC : BC : -109 -117,75 -230,41 -37 -47 D : D : D : D : D : 2,94 2,80 5,68 6,4 6,1

D10

D12,5

Cefotaxime 170 mg/8 jam IV















Metronidazole 30 mg/8 jam IV



























Paracetamol 40 mg/6 jam IV



























Captopril 1 mg/12 jam po



















As. Ursodeoxicolat 350 mg/12 jam po

























































Meropenem 140 mg/8 jam IV MP 5 mg/8 jam IV

ANALISA KASUS

Demam

Infeksi CRP 11 Procal 1,35

Leakage Anastomosis

Albumin Cairan

ILO Infeksi Sekunder

Non Infeksi

Pneumonia

Dehidrasi Warmer? Sentral

Diuresis Meningkat

Post Kasai

Renal Non Renal

Sentral Dextrose?

Infusion

Puasa

Early Feeding

POD 3 – clear water POD 4 - ASI

Drain Keruh

Leakage Anastomosis Bukan masalah anastomosis

Late Feeding Intake

Hipoalbumin

Membaik dengan Full Feeding

Albumin 2,06 Non Intake

Kebutuhan Protein Tidak Tercapai

Transfusi Albumin

Sesuai Indikasi?

2 Pemahaman Tentang Feeding Post Intestinal Anastomosis Surgery Early Feeding

Pantau Toleransi : Lingkar Perut, Muntah, Produk NGT CLEAR WATER

PUASA

LUNAK

72 jam Post Op

48 jam Post Op

24 jam Post Op

Operasi

SUSU NAIK BERTAHAP

Late Feeding TPN Operasi (POD 0)

POD 1

POD 2 PUASA

TPN POD 3

TPN POD 4

INTAKE INTAKE POD 5

POD 6

POD 7

CLEAR WATER SUSU NAIK BERTAHAP

64 anak à 17 anak (48 jam), 36 anak (72 jam), 45 anak (<5 hari) Hasil à Feed related complication à 3 (<72 jam) dan 2 (>72 jam)

PERITONITIS PASCA OPERASI INTESTINAL

Infeksi Site 87,5 % Jahitan Operasi Delayed Oral Feeding

21 Studi

Early Oral Feeding Aman

Tidak ada Peningkatan Komplikasi Post Op

4 Studi

PEMANTAUAN Post Intestinal Anastomosis Surgery Kapan BAB pertama Post Op?

Muntah? Distensi / Tenderness Abdomen?

Demam? ILO ? KU dan VS

FISIOLOGI POST OPERATIVE ILEUS

24 JAM

Gastric Paralysis

Colon Paralysis

48-72 JAM

Manipulasi Selama Op Agen Anestesi Perioperative Narcotics Hiperaktivitas Simpatik

Management Post Op Kasai

•  Glukokortikoid •  Tidak rutin digunakan •  Diberikan 13 minggu (MP IV 4 mg/kg/hari selama 2 minggu, lalu oral 2 mg/kg/hari selama 2 minggu, lalu tappering sampai 13 mgg

Management Post Op Kasai

• 

Asam Ursodeoxicolat •  Kegunaan klinis à belum terbukti signifikan •  Asam empedu hidrofilik à proteksi mitokondria dari kerusakan •  Rekomendasi dosis : 15-30 mg/kg/hari, TIDAK boleh melebih 30 mg/kg/hari •  STOP jika bilirubin total >15 mg/dL

Management Post Op Kasai

Management Post Op Kasai •  Kebutuhan Kalori •  Kolestasis à Malabsorpsi •  Energi à 150% kebutuhan pasien sehat •  Protein tinggi (utk kompensasi katabolisme) : •  Infant : 3-4 gr/kg/hari •  Children : 2-3 gr/kg/hari

Management Post Op Kasai

•  Profilaksis Kolangitis •  Trimetoprim Sulfametoksazol (4 mg/kg/hari Trimetoprim dan 20 mg/kg/hari Sulfametoxazole) •  Atau •  Neomycin 25 mg/kg/hari dibagi 4 dosis

Management Post Op Kasai

Take Home Message

Choleretics Glucocorticoid Nutrisi Profilaksis Kolangitis

TERIMA KASIH

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