302 Fluid Flow
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FLUIDS FLOW Chen 302 Instructor: Sandeep Hedge By: Vineet Kapoor, Davinder Dhaliwal and Jagroop Randahwa
Report Raw Data
TABLE 1.1 – CALIBRATION OF AN ORFICE AND VENTURI METER TIME TO FILL BUCKET OF WATER(S)
PRESSURE DIFFERENCE IN
PRESSURE DIFFERENCE IN
ORIFICE (∆P)
VENTURI (∆P)
6.65 (wt of bucket)
0
0
0
14.1-6.65 = 7.35
33.85
1.2
1.2
14.4-6.35 = 7.65
18.09
5.1
4.9
21.0-6.35 = 14.25
19.44
15.7
14.5
26.6-6.35 = 19.85
22.94
22.9
19.5
30.5-6.35 = 23.75
21.66
36.3
31.6
MASS OF WATER(LB)
TABLE 1.2 – FRICTION LOSS IN 1 INCH COPPER TUBE
Pressure difference across pipe (∆P) Pressure difference in orifice (∆P)
CLOSED
3 TURNS OPEN
6 TURNS OPEN
9 TURNS OPEN
12 TURNS OPEN
FULLY OPEN
0
1.5
4.2
4.7
4.8
4.9
0
14.4
42
47.1
48.7
49.1
TABLE 1.3 – FRICTION
LOSS IN
¾ INCHES
COPPER TUBE
Pressure difference across pipe
CLOSED
3 TURNS OPEN
6 TURNS OPEN
9 TURNS OPEN
12 TURNS OPEN
FULLY OPEN
0
4
10.2
11.4
11.6
11.7
0
13
36.0
39.9
40.7
41.1
(∆P) Pressure difference in orifice (∆P)
TABLE 1.4 – FRICTION LOSS IN ½ INCHES COPPER TUBE
Pressure difference across pipe
CLOSED
3 TURNS OPEN
6 TURNS OPEN
9 TURNS OPEN
12 TURNS OPEN
FULLY OPEN
0
16.6
28.2
32.0
32.3
32.4
0
9.2
16.3
18.2
18.8
19.0
(∆P) Pressure difference in orifice (∆P)
TABLE 1.5 – FRICTION LOSS IN 3/8 INCH COPPER TUBE CLOSED
3 TURNS
6 TURNS
9 TURNS
12 TURNS
FULLY
Pressure difference across pipe
OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
0
36.7
43.2
44.2
44.2
44.5
0
5.5
6.6
6.7
6.7
6.7
(∆P) Pressure difference in orifice (∆P)
2.
Convert flow meter measurements in lb/s into m3/s and draw a graph of flow versus orifice and venture readings (∆P) and another of flow rate2 versus orifice and venture readings (∆P). Does the shape of the graph agree with the theory? Explain your answer.
TABLE 2.1 – CONVERTING
FLOW RATES
Mass of water(lb)
Time to fill bucket of water(s)
Flow Rate (lb/s)
Flow Rate (m3/s)
6.65 (wt of bucket)
0
0
0
14.1-6.65 = 7.35
33.85
.217
9.84 x 10-5
14.4-6.35 = 7.65
18.09
.423
1.92 x 10-4
21.0-6.35 = 14.25
19.44
.733
3.32 x 10-4
26.6-6.35 = 19.85
22.94
.865
3.92 x 10-4
30.5-6.35 = 23.75
21.66
1.10
4.99 x 10-4
1000L = 1m3 1lb = 0.4536kg 1kg (water) = 1L (water)
TABLE 2.2 – PRESSURE DIFFERENCE Pressure difference in
Pressure difference in
orifice (∆P)
Venturi (∆P)
VS.
FLOW RATE
Flow Rate (m3/s)
Flow Rate2 (m3/s)2
0
0
0
0
1.2
1.2
9.84 x 10-5
9.68 x 10-9
5.1
4.9
1.92 x 10-4
3.69 x 10-8
15.7
14.5
3.32 x 10-4
1.10 x 10-7
22.9
19.5
3.92 x 10-4
1.54 x 10-7
36.3
31.6
4.99 x 10-4
2.49 x 10-7
GRAPH 1: FLOW RATE
VS.
PRESSURE DROP
) c(∆ ifn D su re P
FlowRate(m3/s) vsPressureDifference(∆P) 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0
1
2
3 Flow Rate ( *10-4m3/s)
Pressure difference in orifice (∆P)
GRAPH 2: FLOW RATE2 VS. PRESSURE DROP
4
5
Pressure difference in Venturi (∆P)
6
From the graphs you can see that as the flow rate increases so does the pressure difference. Pressure Difference in orifice meter increases at faster rate compared to Venturi Meter.
TABLE 3.1 FLOW RATE
THROUGH TUBES AND
PRESSURE DIFFERENCE
THROUGH ORIFICE METER
FlowRate(m3/s) 1inchtube 2.90 5.30 5.50 5.80 5.90
Pressure Difference(∆P) 14.40 42.00 47.10 48.10 49.10
3/4inchtube 2.90 5.00 5.20 5.25 5.30
13.00 36.00 39.90 40.70 41.10
1/2inchtube 2.40 3.40 3.60 3.62 3.65
9.30 16.30 18.20 18.80 19.00
3/8inchtube 1.90 2.01 2.20 2.20 2.20
5.50 6.60 6.70 6.70 6.70
GRAPH 3: FLOW RATE
THROUGH TUBES VS.
PRESSURE DIFFERENCE
FlowRate(m3/s) vs PressureDifference(∆P) 60.00 50.00 40.00
) (∆ c ifn D u s re P
30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
Flow Rate ( *10-4m3/s) 1 inch tube
3/4 inch tube
1/2 inch tube
3/8 inch tube
7.00
Report Raw Data
TABLE 1.1 – CALIBRATION OF AN ORFICE AND VENTURI METER TIME TO FILL BUCKET OF WATER(S)
PRESSURE DIFFERENCE IN
PRESSURE DIFFERENCE IN
ORIFICE (∆P)
VENTURI (∆P)
6.65 (wt of bucket)
0
0
0
14.1-6.65 = 7.35
33.85
1.2
1.2
14.4-6.35 = 7.65
18.09
5.1
4.9
21.0-6.35 = 14.25
19.44
15.7
14.5
26.6-6.35 = 19.85
22.94
22.9
19.5
30.5-6.35 = 23.75
21.66
36.3
31.6
MASS OF WATER(LB)
TABLE 1.2 – FRICTION LOSS IN 1 INCH COPPER TUBE
Pressure difference across pipe (∆P) Pressure difference in orifice (∆P)
CLOSED
3 TURNS OPEN
6 TURNS OPEN
9 TURNS OPEN
12 TURNS OPEN
FULLY OPEN
0
1.5
4.2
4.7
4.8
4.9
0
14.4
42
47.1
48.7
49.1
TABLE 1.3 – FRICTION
LOSS IN
¾ INCHES
COPPER TUBE
Pressure difference across pipe
CLOSED
3 TURNS OPEN
6 TURNS OPEN
9 TURNS OPEN
12 TURNS OPEN
FULLY OPEN
0
4
10.2
11.4
11.6
11.7
0
13
36.0
39.9
40.7
41.1
(∆P) Pressure difference in orifice (∆P)
TABLE 1.4 – FRICTION LOSS IN ½ INCHES COPPER TUBE
Pressure difference across pipe
CLOSED
3 TURNS OPEN
6 TURNS OPEN
9 TURNS OPEN
12 TURNS OPEN
FULLY OPEN
0
16.6
28.2
32.0
32.3
32.4
0
9.2
16.3
18.2
18.8
19.0
(∆P) Pressure difference in orifice (∆P)
TABLE 1.5 – FRICTION LOSS IN 3/8 INCH COPPER TUBE CLOSED
3 TURNS
6 TURNS
9 TURNS
12 TURNS
FULLY
Pressure difference across pipe
OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
0
36.7
43.2
44.2
44.2
44.5
0
5.5
6.6
6.7
6.7
6.7
(∆P) Pressure difference in orifice (∆P)
2.
Convert flow meter measurements in lb/s into m3/s and draw a graph of flow versus orifice and venture readings (∆P) and another of flow rate2 versus orifice and venture readings (∆P). Does the shape of the graph agree with the theory? Explain your answer.
TABLE 2.1 – CONVERTING
FLOW RATES
Mass of water(lb)
Time to fill bucket of water(s)
Flow Rate (lb/s)
Flow Rate (m3/s)
6.65 (wt of bucket)
0
0
0
14.1-6.65 = 7.35
33.85
.217
9.84 x 10-5
14.4-6.35 = 7.65
18.09
.423
1.92 x 10-4
21.0-6.35 = 14.25
19.44
.733
3.32 x 10-4
26.6-6.35 = 19.85
22.94
.865
3.92 x 10-4
30.5-6.35 = 23.75
21.66
1.10
4.99 x 10-4
1000L = 1m3 1lb = 0.4536kg 1kg (water) = 1L (water)
TABLE 2.2 – PRESSURE DIFFERENCE Pressure difference in
Pressure difference in
orifice (∆P)
Venturi (∆P)
VS.
FLOW RATE
Flow Rate (m3/s)
Flow Rate2 (m3/s)2
0
0
0
0
1.2
1.2
9.84 x 10-5
9.68 x 10-9
5.1
4.9
1.92 x 10-4
3.69 x 10-8
15.7
14.5
3.32 x 10-4
1.10 x 10-7
22.9
19.5
3.92 x 10-4
1.54 x 10-7
36.3
31.6
4.99 x 10-4
2.49 x 10-7
GRAPH 1: FLOW RATE
VS.
PRESSURE DROP
) c(∆ ifn D su re P
FlowRate(m3/s) vsPressureDifference(∆P) 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0
1
2
3 Flow Rate ( *10-4m3/s)
Pressure difference in orifice (∆P)
GRAPH 2: FLOW RATE2 VS. PRESSURE DROP
4
5
Pressure difference in Venturi (∆P)
6
From the graphs you can see that as the flow rate increases so does the pressure difference. Pressure Difference in orifice meter increases at faster rate compared to Venturi Meter.
TABLE 3.1 FLOW RATE
THROUGH TUBES AND
PRESSURE DIFFERENCE
THROUGH ORIFICE METER
FlowRate(m3/s) 1inchtube 2.90 5.30 5.50 5.80 5.90
Pressure Difference(∆P) 14.40 42.00 47.10 48.10 49.10
3/4inchtube 2.90 5.00 5.20 5.25 5.30
13.00 36.00 39.90 40.70 41.10
1/2inchtube 2.40 3.40 3.60 3.62 3.65
9.30 16.30 18.20 18.80 19.00
3/8inchtube 1.90 2.01 2.20 2.20 2.20
5.50 6.60 6.70 6.70 6.70
GRAPH 3: FLOW RATE
THROUGH TUBES VS.
PRESSURE DIFFERENCE
FlowRate(m3/s) vs PressureDifference(∆P) 60.00 50.00 40.00
) (∆ c ifn D u s re P
30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
Flow Rate ( *10-4m3/s) 1 inch tube
3/4 inch tube
1/2 inch tube
3/8 inch tube
7.00
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