3. Gis Components

Geographic Information Systems IDRISI ILWIS ARC/ INFO

PEOPLE

GIS

SOFTWARE

POLICY AND PROCEDURES FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT HARDWARE

DATA

GIS A computer-based system capable of holding and using data describing places on the earth’s surface

The real world consists of many geographies which can be represented as a number of related data layers.

GIS IS SUPPORTING TOOL FOR DECISION MAKERS

Hydrology Landuse Districts Topography Soils

Bett er Data Better I nf orm ati on Bett er D eci sions Bet ter Outcome GIS is of ten ref er red as

“ Enabl ing Technol ogy”

Handl ing Geogr aph ic Inf ormation

Patan R • eal-world Abstract • representation

Factory

Sand and Gravel

Solid Waste

Water Table

Sandstone Aquifer

Shale

Gravel

Geographic • features

Spreadsheets • • Base Management Systems Data •Computer Aided Design (CAD) Cartographic • Packages • Photogrammetrical Software Image • Processing Software

Maps and Spatial Data TOPOGRAP HI C

ZONAL

ISOLI NE

RE AL-WORLD

GIS Definition hardware software data user components

assembling managing analyzing displaying versus

functionality

GIS and GIS Application

• Don‘t mix it:

– The software package (the product) – The application(s)

You can apply the same software for many different applications (and of course use different software for the same application!)

GIS Applications agriculture environment geo-sciences forestry emergency services utilities navigation real estate regional/local/rural/urban planning tourism ...

Components

of

GIS USERS

SOFTWARE TOOLS

+

GIS

ABSTRACTION OR SIMPLIFICATION DATABASE

THE REAL WORLD

RESULTS

Components

of G IS

Several components are involved in GIS technology.

Hardware A computer and the associated peripherals are essential for handling spatial data in GIS. These devices are collectively known as hardware.

Software Software refers to the programmes that run on computers; these include programmes to manage the computer and to perform specific functions. For example, Excel, MS word, and ARC/INFO, ArcView, ArcGIS are specialised software programmes designed to perform certain tasks.

Database A central theme to GIS is the database. A GIS database deals with spatial data. GIS facilitate integration of spatial and attribute data and this makes GIS unique in contrast to other database systems. The beauty of GIS technology lies in the ability to assimilate disparate sources of data and analyse them.

Human Input People who work with GIS form the most important component. GIS constitute truly a interdisciplinary field and require varied backgrounds of expertise, depending upon the applications. In addition, for technical management, a Hardware Specialist, System Administrator, and Database Manager are required for a corporate GIS set-up.

Policy and Procedures A methodology is a must to derive the results users need. Basically, this includes spatial analysis for the particular application. By and large, this depends upon the institutional framework and its interest in exploiting GIS technology for decisionmaking

GIS user and Their Relationships

Life time of the components  

H hardware S software D data U user

computer, periphery (digitizer, scanner, plotter) programs, methods

~ 4 years

data, rules, knowledge

~ 25 years

~ 7 years

The cost Pyramide Hardware 5%

Software, maintenance, training 15%

Data 80%

GIS products product

URL

data

ArcGIS 9.x ESRI

www. esri.com

vecto r raster

ESRI

www. esri.com

vector Raster

1500 €

desktop GIS

GeoMedia

Intergraph

www.intergraph. com/gis

vecto r raster

2000.-$ GeoMedia 10000.-$ GeoMedia Pro

universal, professional GIS-family

AutoCAD Map

Autodesk

www.autodesk. com

?

CAD-GIS

MapInfo

MapInfo

mapinfo.com

vecto r raster vecto r raster vector raster

1500.-$

desktop GIS

?

r s, photogr

vector raster

?

r s, photogr

ArcView 3.x

company

EASI/PACE PCI SPANS geomatics

www.pcigeomat ics.com

ERDAS IMAGINE

www.erdas.com

Erdas

price (commercial)

discription universal, professional GIS-family

product

company

URL

data

price discription (commercial)

IDRISI

Idrisi

www. idrisi.com

1500.-$

r s, photogr

MicroStation GeoGraphics

Bentley

www.bentley .com

vecto r raster vector raster

?

CAD GIS, network

SICAD

SICAD geomatics

www.sicad.c om

vector raster

1500.-$ SICAD/SD >40000.-$ SICAD/open

universal, professional GIS

Smallworld

GE Smallworld

www.gesmallworld.c om

>40000.-$

universal, professional GIS

star next

star informatic

www.star.be

vecto r raster vector raster

?

desktop GIS

vector raster

0€

Open source

GRASS

Geomatics is a world leading developer of geomatics software and solutions based on its remote sensing, digital photogrammetry, spatial analysis, and cartographic editing programs. PCI Geomatics is committed to supplying leading edge software, customer support and service worldwide. Geomatica Software Solutions:  unites separate technologies for remote  sensing image processing, GIS, and digital cartography into a single  modular environment Remote Sensing: EASI/PACE® eCognition RADARSOFT® Digital Photogrammetry: OrthoEngine® APEX

Spatial Analysis Systems:

Cartography:

ILWIS SPANS® Image Interpretation: PAMAP GISTM ImageWorks®

ACE®

• GeoMedia • GeoMedia Pro •GeoMedia WebMap •GeoMedia WebMap Enterprise

9.x