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Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge Ordinary Level
* 0 7 7 5 1 8 4 3 8 9 *
2059/02
PAKISTAN STUDIES Paper 2 The Environment of Pakistan
October/November 2018 1 hour 30 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials:
Ruler
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces provided. Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer any three questions. The Insert contains Figs 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4 for Question 1. The Insert is not required by the Examiner. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
This document consists of 23 printed pages, 1 blank page and 1 Insert. DC (NH/CT) 151989/7 © UCLES 2018
[Turn over
2 1
(a) (i)
Study Figs. 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4 (Insert), photographs showing different crops growing in Pakistan. Identify the crops shown in each photograph Fig. 1.1 ............................................................. Fig. 1.2 ............................................................. Fig. 1.3 ............................................................. Fig. 1.4 .............................................................
(ii)
[4]
State what any two of the crops shown in Figs. 1.1–1.4 are used for. Name of crop ............................................... Use .................................................................................................................................... Name of crop ............................................... Use ................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) (i)
Explain the ideal natural growing conditions needed to produce cotton. You should develop your answer. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[4]
(ii)
Describe how environmental factors can harm the cotton crop. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[4]
© UCLES 2018
2059/02/O/N/18
3 (c) (i)
Study Fig. 1.5, a map outline of Pakistan.
Key:
international boundary
JAMMU & KASHMIR
province-level boundary disputed boundary
disputed territory
N
0
Arabian Sea
100 200 300 km
Fig. 1.5 On Fig. 1.5 shade and name the provinces where oilseeds are grown. (ii)
[3]
State two reasons why oilseeds are grown in these provinces. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ .......................................................................................................................................[2]
© UCLES 2018
2059/02/O/N/18
[Turn over
4 (d) Pakistan is an agricultural country, yet a recent United Nations report placed Pakistan on a list of countries facing food shortage in the future. Read the following two views about ways to prevent future food shortages in Pakistan: A
B
The best way to prevent food shortages is to increase food production for the domestic market.
The best way to prevent food shortages is to increase food imports for the domestic market.
Which view do you agree with more? Give reasons to support your answer and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider View A and View B in your answer. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[6] [TOTAL: 25]
© UCLES 2018
2059/02/O/N/18
5 2
(a) (i)
Which one of the following definitions correctly describes hydel power? Tick one box below. Tick (3) Hydel power is electricity generated by using fossil fuels. Hydel power is electricity generated by using heat from the sun to heat water. Hydel power is electricity generated by using the fast flow of water to move turbines which drive generators. [1]
(ii)
Explain how the climate causes problems in developing hydel power in Pakistan. You should develop your answer. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[4]
© UCLES 2018
2059/02/O/N/18
[Turn over
6 (b) (i)
Study Fig. 2.1, pie charts showing the percentage share of energy produced in Pakistan and the world.
90%
Pakistan
World
0%
0%
90%
10%
10%
80%
20%
80%
20%
70%
30%
70%
30%
60%
40%
60%
50%
40% 50%
Key coal oil gas
nuclear hydel renewable Fig. 2.1
Compare the proportion of energy produced from any two non-renewables in Pakistan with the rest of the world. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[2] (ii)
State three reasons why the contribution of renewable energy sources, other than hydel power, is smaller in Pakistan compared to the rest of the world. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3]
© UCLES 2018
2059/02/O/N/18
7 (iii)
Suggest two ways solar energy can help solve the problems of producing and distributing energy in the rural areas of Pakistan. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ .......................................................................................................................................[2]
(c) (i)
Draw and label a diagram of a wind turbine.
[3]
© UCLES 2018
2059/02/O/N/18
[Turn over
8 (ii)
Give two advantages and two disadvantages of using wind energy. Advantages
Disadvantages
1 ..............................................................
1 ..............................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................
2 ..............................................................
2 ..............................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................
................................................................. [4]
© UCLES 2018
2059/02/O/N/18
9 (d) Pakistan is planning to expand its nuclear energy capacity from 1300 to 8800 megawatts between 2018 and 2030. To what extent is further developing nuclear energy a sustainable way of generating more electricity in Pakistan? Give reasons to support your judgement and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider different points of view in your answer. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[6] [TOTAL: 25]
© UCLES 2018
2059/02/O/N/18
[Turn over
10 3
(a) (i)
0
Complete Fig. 3.1, which is a divided bar graph, using the information below to show the employment structure of Pakistan:
10
20
Sector
Percentage (%)
Primary
42
Secondary
14
Tertiary
44
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
[4]
Fig. 3.1
(ii)
100%
Complete the table by classifying the jobs from the list below into the correct categories. An example has been done for you. Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
farmer
factory worker
teacher
[3] nurse chef
© UCLES 2018
train driver miner
2059/02/O/N/18
builder fisherman
11 (b) (i)
Study Fig. 3.2, a world map. Shade and label two countries that are major importers of products from Pakistan.
Pakistan
Fig. 3.2 (ii)
N
[2]
Name three major products that are imported into Pakistan. 1 .................................................................. 2 .................................................................. 3 ..................................................................
© UCLES 2018
2059/02/O/N/18
[3]
[Turn over
12 (c) (i)
Define the term ‘trade deficit’. ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii)
Study Fig. 3.3, a bar graph showing the exports and imports of Pakistan in millions of rupees. 800 000
700 000
600 000
500 000 millions of rupees
400 000
300 000
200 000
Key
100 000
exports imports 1979 – 80
1989 – 90 Fig. 3.3
© UCLES 2018
2059/02/O/N/18
1999 – 2000 year
2002 – 03
13 A
Calculate the trade deficit for 1979–1980. Circle one correct answer below. +23519
B
–23519
+46929
Identify how the trade deficit has changed from 1979 to 2003. Circle one correct answer below. increased
(iii)
–90114
stayed the same
decreased
[2]
Explain why Pakistan has a trade deficit. You should develop your answer. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[4]
© UCLES 2018
2059/02/O/N/18
[Turn over
14 (d) The negative Balance of Payments needs to be corrected in order to ensure future economic growth. Read the following two views about correcting the Balance of Payments in Pakistan: A
B
The best way to correct the Balance of Payments is to increase exports.
The best way to correct the Balance of Payments is to restrict imports.
Which view do you agree with more? Give reasons to support your answer and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider View A and View B in your answer. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[6] [TOTAL: 25]
© UCLES 2018
2059/02/O/N/18
15 BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2018
2059/02/O/N/18
[Turn over
16 4
(a) (i)
Study Fig. 4.1, a map showing the rail network in Pakistan.
Key: Chitral
international boundary province-level boundary disputed boundary
Peshawar
rail network AFGHANISTAN
JAMMU & KASHMIR
Islamabad disputed territory
Y Lahore
Quetta
IRAN
X
Arabian Sea
N
INDIA Z
0
Karachi
100 200 300 km
Fig. 4.1 Name the three provinces X, Y and Z. X .................................................................. Y .................................................................. Z .................................................................. (ii)
[3]
Using Fig. 4.1 only, identify two countries that have international rail links with Pakistan. 1 .................................................................. 2 ..................................................................
© UCLES 2018
2059/02/O/N/18
[2]
17 (iii)
Using Fig. 4.1 only, describe the regional variations of the rail network in Pakistan. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3]
(b) (i)
State one improvement that has taken place on the railways in Pakistan since 2000. .......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii)
Suggest reasons why the government is improving the railways in Pakistan. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[4]
© UCLES 2018
2059/02/O/N/18
[Turn over
18 (c) (i)
Study Fig. 4.2, a survey of internet usage in Pakistan in 2014.
Approximately 87% of households own mobile phones but only 7% have an internet connection. Mobile phone ownership is higher in urban areas (95%) than rural areas (83%). Approximately 17% of urban homes have an internet connection compared with 2% of rural homes. Fig. 4.2 Suggest two reasons why a small percentage of the rural population use the internet. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ .......................................................................................................................................[2] (ii)
Explain why internet access is important in education. You should develop your answer. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[4]
© UCLES 2018
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19 (d) It is important to improve telecommunications in Pakistan to encourage development. Read the following two views about improving internet access in Pakistan: A
B
It is better to invest in improving internet access in the major cities of Pakistan.
It is better to invest in extending internet access to the rural regions of Pakistan.
Which view do you agree with more? Give reasons to support your answer and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider View A and View B in your answer. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[6] [TOTAL: 25]
© UCLES 2018
2059/02/O/N/18
[Turn over
20 5
(a) (i)
Study Fig. 5.1, a population pyramid for Pakistan in 2014. Male
Female 100+ 95 – 99 90 – 94 85 – 89 80 – 84 75 – 79 70 – 74 65 – 69 60 – 64 55 – 59 50 – 54 45 – 49 40 – 44 35 – 39 30 – 34 25 – 29 20 – 24 15 – 19 10 – 14 5–9 0–4
older dependents
economically active
young dependents 15
12
9
6
3
0
Population (in millions)
0
3
Age Group
6
9
12
15
Population (in millions)
Fig. 5.1 Complete the graph using the information below: Females Age 20–24
10 million [1]
(ii)
Using Fig. 5.1 describe the population structure of Pakistan. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3]
© UCLES 2018
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21 (b) (i)
Define the term ‘birth rate’. ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii)
Study Fig. 5.2 showing selected population information about Pakistan. Total population
187 million
Urban population
70.87 million
Rural population
116.13 million
Population growth rate
2.0% per annum
Total fertility rate
3.3 per thousand
Birth rate
26.8 per thousand
Death rate
7.0 per thousand Fig. 5.2
Using data from Fig. 5.2 calculate the natural population increase for Pakistan. Show your working in the box below.
[2]
© UCLES 2018
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[Turn over
22 (iii)
From the list below tick three correct reasons for overpopulation: Tick (3) Too many people Use of contraception Not enough resources e.g. food, shelter, water Immigration Poor infrastructure Lack of government finance Rapid population growth [3]
(c) (i)
Give two benefits and two problems to a family of having a small number of children. benefits .............................................................................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... problems ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[4]
(ii)
Explain how and why the death rate in Pakistan is changing. You should develop your answer. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[4]
© UCLES 2018
2059/02/O/N/18
23 (d) Stage 4 of the Demographic Transition Model shows low birth and death rates with steady population growth for Pakistan between 2014 and 2040. To what extent will low birth and death rates have a positive impact on the future development of Pakistan? Give reasons to support your judgement and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider different points of view in your answer. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[6] [TOTAL: 25]
© UCLES 2018
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24 Additional Page If you use the following lined page to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question number(s) must be clearly shown. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. The boundaries and names shown, the designations used and the presentation of material on the maps contained in this question paper/insert do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by Cambridge International Examinations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area or of its authorities, or of the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2018
2059/02/O/N/18
* 0 7 7 5 1 8 4 3 8 9 *
2059/02
PAKISTAN STUDIES Paper 2 The Environment of Pakistan
October/November 2018 1 hour 30 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials:
Ruler
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces provided. Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer any three questions. The Insert contains Figs 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4 for Question 1. The Insert is not required by the Examiner. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
This document consists of 23 printed pages, 1 blank page and 1 Insert. DC (NH/CT) 151989/7 © UCLES 2018
[Turn over
2 1
(a) (i)
Study Figs. 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4 (Insert), photographs showing different crops growing in Pakistan. Identify the crops shown in each photograph Fig. 1.1 ............................................................. Fig. 1.2 ............................................................. Fig. 1.3 ............................................................. Fig. 1.4 .............................................................
(ii)
[4]
State what any two of the crops shown in Figs. 1.1–1.4 are used for. Name of crop ............................................... Use .................................................................................................................................... Name of crop ............................................... Use ................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) (i)
Explain the ideal natural growing conditions needed to produce cotton. You should develop your answer. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[4]
(ii)
Describe how environmental factors can harm the cotton crop. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[4]
© UCLES 2018
2059/02/O/N/18
3 (c) (i)
Study Fig. 1.5, a map outline of Pakistan.
Key:
international boundary
JAMMU & KASHMIR
province-level boundary disputed boundary
disputed territory
N
0
Arabian Sea
100 200 300 km
Fig. 1.5 On Fig. 1.5 shade and name the provinces where oilseeds are grown. (ii)
[3]
State two reasons why oilseeds are grown in these provinces. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ .......................................................................................................................................[2]
© UCLES 2018
2059/02/O/N/18
[Turn over
4 (d) Pakistan is an agricultural country, yet a recent United Nations report placed Pakistan on a list of countries facing food shortage in the future. Read the following two views about ways to prevent future food shortages in Pakistan: A
B
The best way to prevent food shortages is to increase food production for the domestic market.
The best way to prevent food shortages is to increase food imports for the domestic market.
Which view do you agree with more? Give reasons to support your answer and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider View A and View B in your answer. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[6] [TOTAL: 25]
© UCLES 2018
2059/02/O/N/18
5 2
(a) (i)
Which one of the following definitions correctly describes hydel power? Tick one box below. Tick (3) Hydel power is electricity generated by using fossil fuels. Hydel power is electricity generated by using heat from the sun to heat water. Hydel power is electricity generated by using the fast flow of water to move turbines which drive generators. [1]
(ii)
Explain how the climate causes problems in developing hydel power in Pakistan. You should develop your answer. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[4]
© UCLES 2018
2059/02/O/N/18
[Turn over
6 (b) (i)
Study Fig. 2.1, pie charts showing the percentage share of energy produced in Pakistan and the world.
90%
Pakistan
World
0%
0%
90%
10%
10%
80%
20%
80%
20%
70%
30%
70%
30%
60%
40%
60%
50%
40% 50%
Key coal oil gas
nuclear hydel renewable Fig. 2.1
Compare the proportion of energy produced from any two non-renewables in Pakistan with the rest of the world. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[2] (ii)
State three reasons why the contribution of renewable energy sources, other than hydel power, is smaller in Pakistan compared to the rest of the world. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3]
© UCLES 2018
2059/02/O/N/18
7 (iii)
Suggest two ways solar energy can help solve the problems of producing and distributing energy in the rural areas of Pakistan. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ .......................................................................................................................................[2]
(c) (i)
Draw and label a diagram of a wind turbine.
[3]
© UCLES 2018
2059/02/O/N/18
[Turn over
8 (ii)
Give two advantages and two disadvantages of using wind energy. Advantages
Disadvantages
1 ..............................................................
1 ..............................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................
2 ..............................................................
2 ..............................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................
................................................................. [4]
© UCLES 2018
2059/02/O/N/18
9 (d) Pakistan is planning to expand its nuclear energy capacity from 1300 to 8800 megawatts between 2018 and 2030. To what extent is further developing nuclear energy a sustainable way of generating more electricity in Pakistan? Give reasons to support your judgement and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider different points of view in your answer. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[6] [TOTAL: 25]
© UCLES 2018
2059/02/O/N/18
[Turn over
10 3
(a) (i)
0
Complete Fig. 3.1, which is a divided bar graph, using the information below to show the employment structure of Pakistan:
10
20
Sector
Percentage (%)
Primary
42
Secondary
14
Tertiary
44
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
[4]
Fig. 3.1
(ii)
100%
Complete the table by classifying the jobs from the list below into the correct categories. An example has been done for you. Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
farmer
factory worker
teacher
[3] nurse chef
© UCLES 2018
train driver miner
2059/02/O/N/18
builder fisherman
11 (b) (i)
Study Fig. 3.2, a world map. Shade and label two countries that are major importers of products from Pakistan.
Pakistan
Fig. 3.2 (ii)
N
[2]
Name three major products that are imported into Pakistan. 1 .................................................................. 2 .................................................................. 3 ..................................................................
© UCLES 2018
2059/02/O/N/18
[3]
[Turn over
12 (c) (i)
Define the term ‘trade deficit’. ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii)
Study Fig. 3.3, a bar graph showing the exports and imports of Pakistan in millions of rupees. 800 000
700 000
600 000
500 000 millions of rupees
400 000
300 000
200 000
Key
100 000
exports imports 1979 – 80
1989 – 90 Fig. 3.3
© UCLES 2018
2059/02/O/N/18
1999 – 2000 year
2002 – 03
13 A
Calculate the trade deficit for 1979–1980. Circle one correct answer below. +23519
B
–23519
+46929
Identify how the trade deficit has changed from 1979 to 2003. Circle one correct answer below. increased
(iii)
–90114
stayed the same
decreased
[2]
Explain why Pakistan has a trade deficit. You should develop your answer. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[4]
© UCLES 2018
2059/02/O/N/18
[Turn over
14 (d) The negative Balance of Payments needs to be corrected in order to ensure future economic growth. Read the following two views about correcting the Balance of Payments in Pakistan: A
B
The best way to correct the Balance of Payments is to increase exports.
The best way to correct the Balance of Payments is to restrict imports.
Which view do you agree with more? Give reasons to support your answer and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider View A and View B in your answer. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[6] [TOTAL: 25]
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15 BLANK PAGE
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16 4
(a) (i)
Study Fig. 4.1, a map showing the rail network in Pakistan.
Key: Chitral
international boundary province-level boundary disputed boundary
Peshawar
rail network AFGHANISTAN
JAMMU & KASHMIR
Islamabad disputed territory
Y Lahore
Quetta
IRAN
X
Arabian Sea
N
INDIA Z
0
Karachi
100 200 300 km
Fig. 4.1 Name the three provinces X, Y and Z. X .................................................................. Y .................................................................. Z .................................................................. (ii)
[3]
Using Fig. 4.1 only, identify two countries that have international rail links with Pakistan. 1 .................................................................. 2 ..................................................................
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[2]
17 (iii)
Using Fig. 4.1 only, describe the regional variations of the rail network in Pakistan. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3]
(b) (i)
State one improvement that has taken place on the railways in Pakistan since 2000. .......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii)
Suggest reasons why the government is improving the railways in Pakistan. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[4]
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18 (c) (i)
Study Fig. 4.2, a survey of internet usage in Pakistan in 2014.
Approximately 87% of households own mobile phones but only 7% have an internet connection. Mobile phone ownership is higher in urban areas (95%) than rural areas (83%). Approximately 17% of urban homes have an internet connection compared with 2% of rural homes. Fig. 4.2 Suggest two reasons why a small percentage of the rural population use the internet. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ .......................................................................................................................................[2] (ii)
Explain why internet access is important in education. You should develop your answer. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[4]
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19 (d) It is important to improve telecommunications in Pakistan to encourage development. Read the following two views about improving internet access in Pakistan: A
B
It is better to invest in improving internet access in the major cities of Pakistan.
It is better to invest in extending internet access to the rural regions of Pakistan.
Which view do you agree with more? Give reasons to support your answer and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider View A and View B in your answer. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[6] [TOTAL: 25]
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20 5
(a) (i)
Study Fig. 5.1, a population pyramid for Pakistan in 2014. Male
Female 100+ 95 – 99 90 – 94 85 – 89 80 – 84 75 – 79 70 – 74 65 – 69 60 – 64 55 – 59 50 – 54 45 – 49 40 – 44 35 – 39 30 – 34 25 – 29 20 – 24 15 – 19 10 – 14 5–9 0–4
older dependents
economically active
young dependents 15
12
9
6
3
0
Population (in millions)
0
3
Age Group
6
9
12
15
Population (in millions)
Fig. 5.1 Complete the graph using the information below: Females Age 20–24
10 million [1]
(ii)
Using Fig. 5.1 describe the population structure of Pakistan. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3]
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21 (b) (i)
Define the term ‘birth rate’. ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii)
Study Fig. 5.2 showing selected population information about Pakistan. Total population
187 million
Urban population
70.87 million
Rural population
116.13 million
Population growth rate
2.0% per annum
Total fertility rate
3.3 per thousand
Birth rate
26.8 per thousand
Death rate
7.0 per thousand Fig. 5.2
Using data from Fig. 5.2 calculate the natural population increase for Pakistan. Show your working in the box below.
[2]
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22 (iii)
From the list below tick three correct reasons for overpopulation: Tick (3) Too many people Use of contraception Not enough resources e.g. food, shelter, water Immigration Poor infrastructure Lack of government finance Rapid population growth [3]
(c) (i)
Give two benefits and two problems to a family of having a small number of children. benefits .............................................................................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... problems ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[4]
(ii)
Explain how and why the death rate in Pakistan is changing. You should develop your answer. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[4]
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23 (d) Stage 4 of the Demographic Transition Model shows low birth and death rates with steady population growth for Pakistan between 2014 and 2040. To what extent will low birth and death rates have a positive impact on the future development of Pakistan? Give reasons to support your judgement and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider different points of view in your answer. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[6] [TOTAL: 25]
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24 Additional Page If you use the following lined page to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question number(s) must be clearly shown. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. The boundaries and names shown, the designations used and the presentation of material on the maps contained in this question paper/insert do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by Cambridge International Examinations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area or of its authorities, or of the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
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