E x c e l l e n c e i n L i te r a c y
TUTOR TRAINING MANUAL OUTREACH
T RAINING
TU TORING
SUPPORT
PREVENTION
AWARENESS
TLE’s Learning Links THE LEARNING EXCHANGE
How to get to The Learning Exchange website 1.
Type www.TLEliteracy.com
How to get to Learning Links website 1. 2.
Type www.TLEliteracy.com Click on the icon for Learning Links
How to save an Internet site to your favorites list 1.
Click Favorites
2.
Click Add to Favorites
3.
Click New folder
4.
Type a name for the folder (i.e. TLE)
5.
Click OK
6.
You can now access the folder from your favorites list whenever you are online.
How to open your favorites list: 1.
Open the Internet
2.
Click Favorites
3.
Click on the folder you named (i.e. TLE)
Mobile Computers: User name: vmobilest-eng Password: vmobilest
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 1
The Learning Exchange Web Site THE LEARNING EXCHANGE TUTOR TRAINING www.TLEliteracy.com
Home • Want to Help? • Need Help? • Learning Links • Online Library About TLE • History • FAQ • Directors • Staff Newsletter • News & Views • QELA The Informer Services • Listing of current services Events • Monthly calendar Resources • Volunteer/Tutor Documents • Tutoring Resources • Office Documents • Links • Library Search • Volunteer Sign Up Gallery • Photos Contact Us • Contact Info.
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 2
Learning Links: General List THE LEARNING EXCHANGE TUTOR TRAINING
Home Online Reference Tools
Evaluation Tools Puzzles Reference Materials Search Engines Teaching Resources Test Useful Tools
The Basics
Alphabet Basics Alphabetization Handwriting Nouns Phonics Sign Language Syllables Vowels Word Families
ICTs
Facebook Flickr MySpace Photostory Shape Collage You Tube
English
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
English as a Second Language Grammar Idioms Punctuation and Capitalization Spelling Vocabulary Word Resources
Language Arts
Listening Literary Devices Reading Speaking Writing
Everyday Life
About Me At Home Business Cooking Driving Family Gardening Invitations and Special Events Parenting Shopping Social Events Time Money & Finances
In the News
News Radio and TV Time
Using a Computer
Computer Basics Microsoft PowerPoint Microsoft Publisher SMARTboards Templates
The Internet
E-mail Search Engines Teaching Resources: Internet Using the Web
D. Brown/2010 page 3
Learning Links: General List THE LEARNING EXCHANGE TUTOR TRAINING
Learning
Education Finding Resources Learning and Study Strategies Learning Disabilities Learning Styles Using Resources
Popular Culture
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
Beauty Entertainment Fashion Food and Beverage General Media Sports Teaching Resources: Pop Culture
Math
Core Concepts Free Math Tutoring Mathematical Concepts Numeracy
Science
Animals MS Office Templates Quizzes Resources Space
D. Brown/2010 page 4
NOTE: If you want to join The Learning Exchange, you have to be willing to sign our Code of Ethics!
Excellence in Literacy
TLE’s Code of Ethics All members of The Learning Exchange (TLE) are expected to observe the following Code of Ethics:
RESPECT All volunteers, students and staff must treat each other with respect, courtesy and appreciation at all times. LOYALTY
As a part of The Learning Exchange, loyalty is extremely important. Members should refrain from voicing any negative personal opinions of administrative policies or regulations to an outside source. All matters should be brought instead to the attention of the Executive Director or an executive member of the Board of Directors. If in doubt regarding any issue, seek advice from either of the same two sources.
CONFIDENTIALITY All members of TLE must willingly sign the following Confidentiality Statement and hold in strict confidence, all information acquired through service with TLE, making no reference, inside or outside the organization, to a student‟s identity, academic standing or personal affairs.
Confidentiality Statement I, the undersigned, do willingly promise to hold in confidence all matters that come to my attention through my association with The Learning Exchange, including information and material from and about students and matters regarding employees and volunteers. As a council member I understand I am expected to observe TLE‟s Policy & Procedures and Code of Ethics. I will respect the privacy of the people with whom I associate and confer appropriately with those designated as my supervisors and/or administrators. I will use in a responsible manner, any information gained in the course of my association with The Learning Exchange.
Darlene Brown Council member’s name
Executive Director’s name
Council member’s signature
Executive Director’s signature
Date
Date
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 5
Literacy…
WHAT IS IT? AND...WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO YOU?
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 6
Literacy Myths and Facts People are either literate or illiterate. Myth: While some people cannot read at all, the vast majority of people who fall into this category have difficulty with reading, writing and numbers at varying levels. People have varying abilities and needs depending on their interests and life experience. In a rapidly changing society, all of us will need to upgrade our literacy skills at some point. People with poor reading and writing skills generally have lower IQ’s than others. Myth: Those who want or need to upgrade their literacy skills are generally people with many other strengths and skills. Low literacy skills can make day-to-day activities difficult or even impossible to do. Fact: Low literacy skills can make things like reading a notice from your child's school, helping with homework, reading directions on a medicine bottle, or making a grocery list difficult and even impossible to do. Individuals are to blame for their own low literacy skills. Fact: Poverty, dysfunctional families, special learning needs, moving from school to school at critical ages, leaving school at an early age, and community isolation are all major factors in people having low literacy skills.
What is literacy? Literacy: Using printed and written information to function in society, to achieve one’s goals, and to develop one’s knowledge and potential. Lifelong Learning: The notion that learning occurs in many different contexts throughout an individual’s life: in both formal and informal settings, at work, at home and in the community.
Source: ABC Canada/IALS Survey Glossary of T erms: November 2005
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown & J. Spector/2010 page 7
Terminology Literacy: Using printed and written information to function in society, to achieve one‟s goals, and to develop one‟s knowledge and potential. Lifelong learning: The notion that learning occurs in many different contexts throughout an individual‟s life: in both formal and informal settings, at work, at home and in the community. Adult education and training: Includes programs, courses, private lessons, correspondence courses, workshops, on-thejob training and apprenticeships. Informal learning: Learning other than in the formal structure of courses, in both passive and active forms. The former involves activities such as being on a guided tour, or being sent to an organization, and the latter entails, learning by oneself, trying things out, and watching others to learn from them.
Glossary of Terms Level 1: Persons with very poor skills, where the individual may, for example, be unable to determine the correct amount of medicine to give a child from information printed on the package. Level 2: People can only deal with material that is simple, clearly laid out, and in which the tasks involved are not too complex. It denotes a weak level of skill, but more hidden that Level 1. It identifies people who can read but test poorly. They have developed coping skills to manage everyday literacy demands but their low level of proficiency makes it difficult for them to face novel demands, such as learning new job skills. Level 3: The minimum skills level suitable for coping with the demands of everyday life and work in a complex, advanced society. It denotes roughly the skill level required for successful secondary school completion and college entry. Like higher levels, it requires the ability to integrate several sources of information and solve more complex problems. Level 4 & 5: People demonstrate a command of higher-order information-processing skills.
Four Scales of Competency Reported Prose literacy: The knowledge and skills needed to understand and use information from texts including editorials, news stories, brochures and instruction manuals. Document literacy: The knowledge and skills required to locate and use information contained in various formats, including job applications, payroll forms, transportation schedules, maps, tables and charts. Numeracy: The knowledge and skills required to effectively manage the mathematical demands of diverse situations. (This numeracy scale replaces the quantitative scale used in IALS, where respondents were required to perform one or more arithmetic operations based on information contained in texts, either continuous or non-continuous.) Problem-solving: Involves goal-directed thinking and action in situations for which no routine solution procedure is available. The problem solver has a more or less well-defined goal, but does not immediately know how to reach it. The understanding of problem situation and its step-by-step transformation, based on planning and reasoning, constitute the process of problem solving. Source: ABC Canada/IALS Survey Glossary of T erms: November 2005
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 8
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 9
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 10
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 11
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 12
Literacy in our daily lives ~ Literacy involves:
More than sounding out words Reading & comprehension Writing & understanding written information Computer skills, problem-solving, and communicating ideas and thoughts Understanding numbers, math, vocabulary, and how they are used every day Being able to function independently in society
Adult learners may face the following barriers to learning: www.abc_stuck
low self-esteem fear poverty assumptions insecurity health problems priorities fatigue attitudes physical limitations stress/anxiety time constraints financial problems money learning disabilities lack of child care facilities
Adults may join a literacy program for one or more of the following reasons:
To cope with life changes To become more independent To acquire qualifications To broaden their knowledge To understand technical changes To please their employer, family member, etc. To take employment training To learn skills for a new job/promotion To keep up with their children
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown & J. Spector/2010 page 13
Tutoring Tips THE LEARNING EXCHANGE
Suggestions to help your student: •
Move at your student‟s pace. Don‟t be overly concerned if the learning rate is slow.
•
Be careful not to overload your student.
•
Do not assume your student understands because he/she says so. Ask your student specific questions that will prove he/she understands.
•
Do not re-teach a skill that your student has already mastered. Check and then move on.
•
Practice skills using a variety of techniques.
•
Keep a portfolio of your student‟s work so that your student can see his/her progress.
•
Watch for signs of strain (visual, auditory, writing, etc.).
•
Enunciate clearly to ensure that your student can clearly distinguish the sounds.
•
For a student with auditory difficulties have him/her look at you when you are speaking to ensure that he/she can see the sound(s) made.
•
Give clear and concise directions.
•
Model correct speaking, reading, and writing techniques. Allow you student to learn from example.
•
Help your student learn what his/her dominant learning style is and what strategies work best for him/her.
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
•
Provide a variety of reading and writing materials.
•
Success can be ensured through achievement of short-term goals.
•
Always keep a positive attitude and praise your student for his/her efforts.
D. Brown & J. Spector/2010 page 14
Learning Styles THE LEARNING EXCHANGE TUTOR TRAINING Learning Links>Learning>Learning Styles
Auditory Learners Auditory Learners often: • Recall information after hearing it a few times • Discriminate between words that sound alike (bat/pat) Implications for tutoring: • Use tapes, discussions, and oral explanations. • Encourage the student to read aloud, and spell aloud. • Use phonics.
Kinaesthetic and Tactile Learners Kinaesthetic and Tactile Learners often: • Recall words after writing or typing them a few times. • Are good with their hands or good at sports. Implications for tutoring: • Use writing or typing to answer questions and review words. • Act out stories or move objects to aid in comprehension. • “Write” on the table with a finger. • Tap out syllables.
Visual Learners Visual Learners often: • Recall images or words after seeing them a few times • Notice visual detail, design, and spelling errors • Prefer to see what‟s to be learned • Have trouble with oral instruction Implications for tutoring: • Use written instructions and examples, not just oral ones. • Use pictures and diagrams. • Use highlighters for important words.
My learning style is: The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown & J. Spector/2010 page 15
Definitions
Reading Labels or Signs
THELEARNING LEARNING EXCHANGE TUTORTUTOR TRAINING THE EXCHANGE TRAINING
Definition of Accommodations Providing Techniques and/or materials to the individual to help him/her complete assignments with greater ease and effectiveness. For example, allowing a person to do an oral test as opposed to a written one. Examples of accommodations: • • • • • • • •
Environment: lighting, seating, distraction-free Quiet, isolated work/study space Extended time to complete tasks Taped lessons Computer, appropriate software and assistive technology devices Use of an audiocassette (with and without microphone) Visual aids Written instructions
Definition of Compensatory Strategies Finding an alternate way of doing things to enable success. It may include assistive devices or different ways of demonstrating acquired knowledge. For example, the student may use a calculator to perform math functions. Ada pted Examples from : • Otta wa• Carl • eton Coal • ition for • Liter acy: Han • dbo • ok for • Liter acy • Tuto • rs
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
of materials that can be used: A calculator Spelling, grammar checkers and other appropriate software programs Taped books and lessons Agendas, calendars, and other organizers (e.g. Palm Pilot) Highlighters, ruler with colored edge, dark cardboard, and framing window (to follow lines in text) Handheld spellchecker and grammar checker Large square graph paper (for computation, printing, etc.) Colored overlays (for easier reading) Index cards (for sight words, word families, language experience, etc.) Voice activated assistive devices
D. Brown & J. Spector/2010 page 16
Setting Goals in Life 2DO Before I Die began three years ago with an aim to spark conversation and encourage the exchange of ideas about what's important and what's possible. What began as a conversation between two friends has extended surprisingly far a field, spread by email and word of mouth amongst friends, family and visitors to the site from around the world. What would you like to experience in your lifetime? ROOTS - Own a boat - Meet my childhood hero – Find my natural mother – Go skateboarding again – Return Home – Trace my family roots
EXPLORE - Backpack around India – Live in Italy for a year – Climb Mount Fuji – Write to a pen pal – Road trip across the USA – See a rainbow at night – Meditate in a Himalayan cave – Go for a good, long walk – Kayak through the jungle
EXPERIMENT - Streak naked – Grow a beard – Try a new food – Have my own place – Get a hobby – Build a stereo for my bike – Wear high heels – Do absolutely nothing
CHALLENGE - Parachute from a plane – Free-dive to the bottom of the sea – Run with the bulls – Climb a tree – Travel at the speed of sound – Walk on fire
GIVE - Repay my debt to society – Help someone in need – Sponsor a town – Help save an endangered animal – Work with the homeless – Join a protest march – Mentor a child
LEARN - Sing opera – Learn to fly a plane – Keep bees – Learn Italian – Graduate from college – Find a faith – Play the drums – Learn to swim – Pass on a skill
EXPRESS - Perform stand-up comedy – Get a tattoo – Stage a play – Sing in a band – Open an underground arts club – Get published – Record an album
LOVE - Ask out a total stranger – Fall in love – Honeymoon in the Galapagos Islands – Come out of the closet – Start a family – Give birth – Get married
WORK - Change my career – Be a school teacher – Run a Bed & Breakfast – Open a restaurant – Quit my job
LEGACY - Continue a family tradition – Watch my son grow up – Plant a tree – Follow in my mother's footsteps – Make a family cookbook – Build something that lasts – Start all over again Source: 2DO Before I Die Ogden/Day 2005 The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 17
Setting Goals in Life In your lifetime, what experiences will you remember most of all?
How do you want to live your life? ROOTS – i.e. Visit
the house where I grew up
EXPLORE – i.e. Go
on a road trip
EXPERIMENT – i.e. Try
sushi
CHALLENGE – i.e. Quit smoking
GIVE – i.e Help
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
save an endangered species
D. Brown/2010 page 18
Setting Goals in Life LEARN – i.e Learn
how to use a computer
EXPRESS - i.e Take dance
LOVE - i.e Let
lessons
someone know I love them
WORK - i.e Write
LEGACY - i.e Be
a resume
remembered as a fun grandparent
Adapted from: 2DO Before I Die Ogden/Day 2005 The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 19
Setting Goals with your Student THE LEARNING EXCHANGE TUTOR TRAINING
Discuss with your student: •
Why he/she has joined TLE. What are his/her needs?
•
What he/she hopes to accomplish.
•
What interests he/she has.
Try the Setting Goals in Life activity with your student: •
Listen to your student‟s answers to discover what your student‟s needs are and what they are related to. For example: personal, job, career, education, family, etc.
•
Establish realistic goals with your student, not for your student.
•
Be specific and write the goals down on paper together. Use the Setting Goals in Life outline and worksheet. Discuss the steps and possible timeframe needed to reach these goals.
•
Incorporate skill-building activities and strategies in your lesson planning that will help your learner reach his/her academic and personal goals. Work with your student to build on his/her present knowledge, skills, and strengths.
Revisit Goals •
In order to re-evaluate goals on a regular basis, revisit the goals that were written and set new ones if necessary.
•
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
Encourage positive thinking.
D. Brown/2010 page 20
List of Everyday Situations Name:
Date:
Please check the boxes of all of the everyday situations you have an interest in or may need help with:
Computers:
Basic computer skills Using word processing Using the Internet Sending an e-mail Keyboarding Computer related vocabulary
School related:
Job search:
Job search vocabulary Looking for work Writing a cover letter Writing a resume Filling out a job application Preparing for an interview
Everyday situations:
Write/read/discuss a basic letter (friendly, business, complaint) Read/follow a label (i.e. drug, food) Follow/give instructions or directions Read/discuss a newspaper article Filling out a form Writing a cheque Write/read/discuss short notes Take/give/discuss a message Use a telephone book/directory Make/follow a list (i.e. grocery list) Follow/give a recipe
Help with own homework Understanding assignments Writing a note to a teacher Preparing for a meeting with a teacher Communicating with a school Reading with/to a child Helping a child with homework
Work-related:
Work-related vocabulary Making a report Job related forms Reading a work manual Writing a business letter Writing/reading memos
Misc. situations:
Understanding current events Using a map or schedule Time management Planning for a special occasion Organizational skills Study skills & test-taking skills Estimating amounts Buying on credit Understanding bills Basic calculations Creating/using a budget
Hobbies/Interests
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 21
Reading…
WHAT IS IT? AND...WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO YOU?
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 22
Reading Labels or Signs Fiddler Story: Tutor Copy THE LEARNING EXCHANGE TUTOR TRAINING THE LEARNING EXCHANGE TUTOR TRAINING
Once many years ago, a fiddler came to a village. He stood in the village square and played and sang until the people came to listen and to dance. A jolly butcher danced with the milkmaid and the children laughed with joy. A small boy skipped through the crowd with his dog nipping at his heels and yapping loudly. The people of the village were happy.
After the fiddler stopped, the people tossed coins into his big yellow hat and brought him milk and cookies for his trouble. It had been a long,
Adapted from LITSTART Tutor Training Handout 4A
weary day, and the fiddler was glad of a rest in this pleasant village.
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 23
Reading Labels or Signs Story: Student Copy
Adapted from LITSTART Tutor Training Handout 4A
THE LEARNING EXCHANGE TUTOR TRAINING THE LEARNING EXCHANGE TUTOR TRAINING
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 24
The Fiddler worksheet Reading Strategies Used: Student When you read as a student, what types of reading strategies did you use to try to help you understand and read the text?
Reading Strategies Used: Tutor When you acted as a tutor, what reading strategies did you use to help your student try to understand and read the text?
Reading Strategies
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 25
Keys to Unlocking Text
THE LEARNING EXCHANGE TUTOR TRAINING
Developing Comprehension Use reading strategies for: •
Pre-reading activities | LitStart p106 to 109
•
During reading activities | LitStart p112 to 115
•
Post reading activities | LitStart p116 to 119
Reading strategies help improve: •
Fluency
•
Comprehension ~ developing understanding
•
Confidence and self-esteem
•
Retention of information
•
Word recognition
Developing Word Recognition Use print-based strategies | LitStart p139 to 167: •
Sight Vocabulary
•
Rhyming Words
•
Phonics
•
Word Analysis
•
Word Patterns
Use meaning-based strategies: •
Context Clues
•
Cloze Exercises (fill-in-the-blanks)
Use holistic strategies: •
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
Language Experience Approach | LitStart Strategy 18 p110 to 111
D. Brown & J. Spector/2010 page 26
Questioning Techniques: Strategy 22 THE LEARNING EXCHANGE TUTOR TRAINING
Blooms Taxonomy In 1956, Benjamin Bloom headed a group of educational psychologists who developed a classification of levels of intellectual behavior important in learning. Bloom found that over 95 % of the test questions students encounter require them to think only at the lowest possible level...the recall of information. Bloom identified six levels within the cognitive domain, from the simple recall or recognition of facts, as the lowest level, through increasingly more complex and abstract mental levels, to the highest order which is classified as evaluation. Verb examples that represent intellectual activity on each level are listed here.
Knowledge: arrange, define, duplicate, label, list, memorize, name, order, recognize, relate, recall, repeat, reproduce, state. Comprehension: classify, describe, discuss, explain, express, identify, indicate, locate, recognize, report, restate, review, select, translate. Application: apply, choose, demonstrate, dramatize, employ, illustrate, interpret, operate, practice, schedule, sketch, solve, use, write. Analysis: analyze, appraise, calculate, categorize, compare, contrast, criticize, differentiate, discriminate, distinguish, examine, experiment, question, test. Synthesis: arrange, assemble, collect, compose, construct, create, design, develop, formulate, manage, organize, plan, prepare, propose, set up, write. Evaluation: appraise, argue, assess, attach, choose compare, defend estimate, judge, predict, rate, core, select, support, value, evaluate.
Source: www.officeport.com/edu/blooms.htm
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 27
Reading Labels or Signs Reading Labels and Signs THELEARNING LEARNING EXCHANGE TUTORTUTOR TRAINING THE EXCHANGE TRAINING
Understanding Format or Context | Sight Vocabulary •
Develop a bank of sight words: Create a list of words found on labels/ signs: For example: DIRECTIONS, WARNING, etc.
•
Look at common symbols on medicine bottles, cleaners, paint, etc. and review meanings.
•
Look at samples of labels/signs to see which words are common. For example: DOSAGE, ADULT, CHILDREN, CAUTION, FAT, CALORIES, etc.
•
Learn abbreviations such as: tbsp., yrs., tsp., etc. and identify quantities. For a beginner, use symbols or pictures to represent dosage and discuss format and key information.
•
Look for simple charts.
•
Compare food product labels. Look at a variety of product information found on box and can labels, food flyers, coupons, etc.
•
Look for product names (using different scripts) and „no name‟ brands to compare.
•
Identify similar product information. For example: WEIGHT or VOLUME.
•
Compare different ways volume and weight can be presented, such as: lbs., grams, pints, gallons, litres, ml., etc.
Ada pted • from Compare prices of similar products in similar sizes. : • Otta wa- If possible, visit a mall, pharmacy or supermarket and look at the labels/signs. Carl • eton Review one or two new labels/signs each lesson with your student. Coal ition • for Write shopping lists using flyers and coupons. Liter acy: • Han Plan a menu, or plan a week‟s grocery shopping by writing lists. dbo • ok Ask your student to determine the dosage of medicine based on the information for Liter For example: Reading a label to give medicine to a five year old with a fever. acy Tuto rs
given.
Adapted from: Ottawa-Carleton Coalition for Literacy: Handbook for Literacy Tutors
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
J. Spector/2010 page 28
Using Reference Materials with your Student THE LEARNING EXCHANGE TUTOR TRAINING
Understanding the Format • Look at a variety of catalogues, directories, reference books, or dictionaries to show how they are laid out. • Look at online versions of resource/reference tools like those found on the Learning Links site in the Reference Tools section. • Look at similarities and differences between types of reference materials and resources. • Look at parts of the book or website, including: cover, spine, table of contents, indexes, layout, ordering instructions, key words, etc. • Explain „Guide Words‟ ~ the words at the top of a dictionary page giving you the first and last word on that page.
Related Activity Ideas • Give your student a word to look up for a definition.
Source: Ottawa-Carleton Coalition for Literacy: Handbook for Literacy Tutors
• Use a Thesaurus to make a list of similar words (i.e. Make a list of similar words for good).
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
• List items for your student to look up in a catalogue, and have him/her write relevant information such a page, order number, colour, size and price. • Practice filling in a copy of an order form in a catalogue and do a total, including taxes. • Review alphabetical order. • Encourage your student to keep an address book. • Play the „alphabet game‟ ~ say a word and have your student open a directory/reference book to the right spot. • Look up items in the “Yellow Pages” or names in a telephone directory.
J. Spector/2010 page 29
Using Newspapers for Reading & Writing Activities THE LEARNING EXCHANGE TUTOR TRAINING
Newspapers are one of the best sources of “authentic” material. The material is current and varied. Learners can choose articles from any area of interest and can examine the concept of local, national, and international information. They can use the pictures and headlines to get context clues.
Scavenger Hunt Getting to know the layout: • Make a list of 5 – 15 items. Ask the student to find them. • Repeat the activity with different items, once a month. This will enable you to see if your student is getting used to the layout
Reading and Writing Activities Ask your learner to: • Find specific words ~ a, the, an, (eye movement across and down a page). • Find words beginning with „a, b, c, d, e, f, etc. • Locate words in a specific category : verbs, nouns, etc. • Pick out key words. • Predict the story from the picture. • Match the picture to the headline. • Summarize a story. • Find the main ideas. • Predict the ending. • Write his/her own opinion on an article. • Read an article and suggest a headline (reveal the original headline afterwards). • Write a letter to the editor or Dear Abby. • Invent horoscopes. • Write a review of a book, video, movie, CD, etc. • Write a classified ad. • Write a cover letter for a job application. • Write a news story answering the “journalist‟s” questions: Who, What, Where, When, Why and How. Source: Ottawa-Carleton Coalition for Literacy: Handbook for Literacy Tutors
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
J. Spector/2010 page 30
Reading Maps THE LEARNING EXCHANGE TUTOR TRAINING
Source: Ottawa-Carleton Coalition for Literacy: Handbook for Literacy Tutors
Understanding Format
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
•
Start by looking at the map with your student and discuss what a map is ~ how it works ~ what kind of information it gives us.
•
Look at different maps and see how they are similar and different ~ city, provincial, countries, world maps ~ discuss general impressions.
•
Look for the map index and show how it is organized in alphabetical order. Look up names of places using the index. Name rivers, find cities, street names, etc.
•
Discuss directions and how they are applied to a map. Locate north, south, east and west.
•
Look for map legends. What are they? What sort of information do they give us?
•
Identify some of the symbols on the legend and find them on the map.
•
Show how the grid system helps us find information.
•
Locate some of the main visual landmarks such as rivers and canals. Where do they go? Look for other bodies of water.
•
Find other clearly visible landmarks on different maps such as expressways, railways, parks.
•
Discuss how different colours and colour-coding may help us read a map.
Other Activities •
Use maps to trace routes from home to other places your student knows.
•
Trace bus, metro, and train routes.
•
Make sight words (i.e. north, south, east, west) on index cards and place on map/s.
•
Write a list of map sight words. Put sight words in alphabetical order.
•
Plan trips, real or imagined, local or international.
•
Use travel books, web sites or even travel agents to get information on destinations.
•
Use map layouts from a local mall to find stores.
•
Play map games such as “Risk”. J. Spector/2010 page 31
Let’s Find Out: Strategy 16 THE LEARNING EXCHANGE TUTOR TRAINING
Know. Want to know. Learn. Book Subject (Non-fiction): 1) BEFORE reading:
List up to five things you Know about the subject.
2) BEFORE reading:
List at least five things you Want to know about the subject.
3) DURING/AFTER reading:
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
Write notes about important facts you Learn:
D. Brown/2010 page 32
Same and Different: Strategy 23 THE LEARNING EXCHANGE TUTOR TRAINING
Comparison Chart 1) 2) 3) 4)
Choose two books/stories or subjects to be compared. For example: Two countries. Write the two subjects in the spaces below (i.e. Subject one: Canada, Subject two: United States). Next, compare the ways the two are different (i.e. Canada has a Prime Minister but the United States has a President) and list the differences on the outside of each circle. Now think of all of the ways the two are both alike (i.e. both are a part of North America) and list them in the middle of the chart below.
Subject one:
Subject two: SUBJECT ONE (DIFFERENCES)
SUBJECT TWO (DIFFERENCES) BOTH (ALIKE)
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 33
Word Study Definition of Terms THE LEARNING EXCHANGE TUTOR TRAINING
Sight Vocabulary • recognizing words as a whole unit:
said
friend
through Tuesday
Phonics • decoding words by combining sounds of letters:
split
făst
hōse
chirp
Word Patterns/Families • are built on a common sequence of letters and sounds:
• are rhyming patterns:
bad
dad
glad
mad
pad
had
Rhyming Words • are built on a common sequence of sounds:
late
weight
bait
Word Analysis Compound Words are two separate words put together to form one new word:
airplane
mailbox
grandfather
Syllables ~ breaking longer words up into smaller units:
ba/by
re/mind/er
Prefixes/Suffixes • prefixes are phonics units added to the beginning of root words: preview
dislike
• suffixes are phonics units added to the ending of root words: planning
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
baker
helpful
J. Spector/2010 page 34
Using Word Cards: Strategy 33 THE LEARNING EXCHANGE TUTOR TRAINING
Use the word cards to do any of the following activities. Most activities can be oral and/or written:
Alphabetical order • Choose some word cards to put into ABC order.
Spelling • • • • •
Practice spelling with your student: Read the word card out loud Use the word in a sentence to show the word in context Student writes the word or spells it out loud Say the word on the word card again
Matching words • Match word cards to words found in a story.
Phonics practice • Use the word cards to discover the sounds of individual letters and letter combinations.
Rhyming words • Find words that rhyme with the word card.
Sight word recognition • Develop sight word recognition by reading the word cards.
Sentences • Have your student make sentences using words from the word cards.
Word families • Use the word family from a word card to create other words.
Word Search • Choose a word card and have your student look for the word in a newspaper or magazine. Circle or highlight the word each time it is found.
Cloze activities • • • • The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
Use the word cards to make a sentence. Remove one or more of the cards leaving a blank space. Place the removed cards above the sentence and add other word cards to the group. Have your student fill-in-the-blank by finding the appropriate word card. D.Brown/2010 page 35
Reading Labels or Signs Spelling Tricks: Strategy 42 THELEARNING LEARNING EXCHANGE TUTORTUTOR TRAINING THE EXCHANGE TRAINING
Look for patterns and tricks to help remember the spelling and/or meaning of words. Think of ways to remember words. Here are a few of my own:
dessert Dessert and desert always get mixed up because of the s‟s. Remember you always want more dessert.
friend A friend to the end.
tomorrow Is it one or two m‟s or r‟s? Just remember 3 words are always found in tomorrow: tom or row Ada pted from : Otta waCarl eton You Coal hear with your ear. ition for Liter acy: Han dbo ok for Literas not to get mixed up with the So acy either Tuto here or there. The word here rs
hear
there
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
homonyms “they‟re” or “their” just remember… a place is is found in the word there.
D. Brown/2010 page 36
What Students Want to Write THE LEARNING EXCHANGE TUTOR TRAINING
Writing is an opportunity to convey a message to others. A writer needs to know the purpose for writing. There are many different reasons to write. Here are just a few:
Everyday writing • • • • •
Notes Messages Instructions Lists (i.e. grocery lists) Calendar/agenda
Letters • • • •
Business/formal Personal Semi-formal (i.e. Letter to your child‟s school) E-mail
Opinion Pieces & Personal Writing • • • •
Journal writing Book/movie reviews Diaries Reports
Misc. Writing • Poetry/prose • Stories
Job/work related • • • • •
Cover letters Resumes Applications Work related documents Forms and reports
Forms • Government papers • School/work/business documents
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 37
Guided Writing: Strategy 53 THE LEARNING EXCHANGE TUTOR TRAINING
Guided writing allows a beginning-level student to experience success with writing. Use a picture dictionary or internet to find new vocabulary and/or the spelling of words.
pizza
grapes
carrots I like to eat…
chicken
cherries
I like to eat chicken. I like to eat pizza. I like to eat grapes and cherries. The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 38
Journal Writing: Strategy 58 THE LEARNING EXCHANGE TUTOR TRAINING
Gerry picked a journal topic to respond to in his journal. Below is his answer: September 24, 2008
Describe something that makes you happy. I am very happy, when I work. Because I have money to spend. And I can go to Resturents with the lady of the house. And menny other thing. (Have a nice evening)! Gerry
Use the space below to respond to Gerry‟s journal writing:
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 39
The Writing Process: Strategy 60 THE LEARNING EXCHANGE TUTOR TRAINING
1. Prewriting/
Use for… Assignments Biographies Classified Ads Essays Fiction Letters Poetry Research papers Etc.
• • • •
Select a subject Collect information, ideas, and facts Brainstorm ideas Discuss ideas and make a plan
2. Writing/ • • • •
Writing your first draft
Develop your ideas Write your ideas on paper Organize your ideas Write your first draft
3. Revising/ • • • • •
Planning your writing
Improving your writing
Read your first draft: check the flow of the writing Review and share your writing with someone Rearrange words and ideas as needed Make changes to improve your first draft Write other drafts
4. Editing & Proofing/ • • • •
Making corrections
Check the sentences and paragraphs Check for spelling, grammar, capitalization, and punctuation Make corrections Rewrite/type a final copy: check for errors
5. Publishing/
Sharing your finished writing
• Share your writing: display, submit, publish, or read to others The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 40
Paragraph Writing Rubric
Name: _____________________________ Tutor: ________________________________ Date: ______________________________ Title of Work: __________________________
Criteria 4
Points
3
2
1
Main/Topic Idea Sentence
Main/Topic idea sentence is clear, correctly placed, and is restated in the closing sentence.
Main/Topic idea sentence is either unclear or incorrectly placed, and is restated in the closing sentence.
Main/Topic idea sentence is unclear and incorrectly placed, and is restated in the closing sentence.
Main/Topic idea sentence is unclear and incorrectly placed, and is not restated in the closing sentence.
____
Supporting Detail Sentence(s)
Paragraph(s) have three or more supporting detail sentences that relate back to the main idea.
Paragraph(s) have two supporting detail sentences that relate back to the main idea.
Paragraph(s) have one supporting detail sentence that relate back to the main idea.
Paragraph(s) have no supporting detail sentences that relate back to the main idea.
____
Legibility
Legible handwriting, typing, or printing.
Marginally legible handwriting, typing, or printing.
Handwriting, typing, or printing is not legible in places.
Handwriting, typing, or printing is not legible.
____
Mechanics
Paragraph has no errors in punctuation, capitalization, and spelling.
Paragraph has one or two punctuation, capitalization, and spelling errors.
Paragraph has three to five punctuation, capitalization, and spelling errors.
Paragraph has six or more punctuation, capitalization, and spelling errors.
____
Grammar
Paragraph has no grammatical errors.
Paragraph has one or two grammatical errors.
Paragraph has three to five grammatical errors.
Paragraph has six or more grammatical errors.
____
Total
____
Notes and Comments:
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
Source: http://www.teach-nology.com
D. Brown/2010 page 41
Persuasive Writing Rubric
Name: _____________________________ Tutor: ________________________________ Date: ______________________________ Title of Work: __________________________
Criteria
Pts.
4
3
2
Position Statement
Position is clearly stated and consistently maintained. Clear references to the issue(s) are stated.
Position is clearly stated and consistently maintained. References to the issue(s) at hand are missing.
Position is stated, but is not maintained consistently throughout work.
Supporting Information
Evidence clearly supports the position; evidence is sufficient.
Evidence clearly supports the position; but there is not enough evidence.
Argument is supported by limited evidence.
Evidence is unrelated to argument.
____
Organization
Structure of work is clearly developed.
Structure developed reasonably well, but lacks clarity.
Some attempt to structure the argument has been made, but the structure is poorly developed.
There is a total lack of structure.
____
Tone Of Letter
Tone is consistent and enhances persuasiveness.
Tone enhances persuasiveness, but there are inconsistencies.
Tone does not contribute to persuasiveness.
Tone is inappropriate to purpose.
____
Work contains structural weaknesses and grammatical errors.
Work pays little attention to proper sentence structure.
____
There are two or three errors in punctuation and/or capitalization.
There are four or more errors in punctuation and/or capitalization.
____
Sentence Structure
Punctuation & Capitalization
Sentence structure is generally Sentence structure correct. Some is correct. awkward sentences do appear. Punctuation and capitalization are correct.
There is one error in punctuation and/or capitalization.
1 Statement of position cannot be determined. ____
Total
____
Notes and Comments: Source: http://www.teach-nology.com The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 42
Research Report Rubric
Name: ____________________________ Tutor: ________________________________ Date: _____________________________ Title of Work: __________________________
Criteria
Points
4
3
Introduction/ Topic
Student properly generates questions and or problems around a topic.
Student generates questions and or problems.
Student requires prompts to generate questions and or problems.
Questions or problems are tutor generated.
Conclusions Reached
Many detailed conclusions are reached from the evidence offered.
Several detailed conclusions are reached from the evidence offered.
Some detailed conclusions are reached from the evidence offered.
A conclusion is made from the evidence offered.
____
Information Gathering
Information is gathered from multiple electronic and non-electronic sources and cited properly.
Information is gathered from multiple electronic and non-electronic sources but is not cited properly.
Information is gathered from limited electronic and non-electronic sources.
Information is gathered from non-electronic or electronic sources only.
____
Summary Paragraph
Well organized, demonstrates logical sequencing and sentence structure.
Organized, but demonstrates illogical sequencing or sentence structure.
Organized, but demonstrates illogical sequencing and sentence structure.
Weakly organized.
____
There is one error in punctuation and/or capitalization.
There are two or three errors in punctuation and/or capitalization.
There are four or more errors in punctuation and/or capitalization.
____
Punctuation, Punctuation and Capitalization, capitalization & Spelling are correct.
2
1
Total
____
____
Notes and Comments:
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
Source: http://www.teach-nology.com
D. Brown/2010 page 43
Handwriting Rubric
Name: ____________________________
Tutor: _________________________________
Date: _____________________________
Criteria 4 Letter Formation
3
Each letter is formed All but 1 letter are correctly. formed correctly.
Letter Slant
All letters have a uniform slant.
All letters have a uniform slant with 1-3 exceptions.
Neatness
There are no extra visible marks or smudges on the paper.
There are 1-2 visible marks or smudges on the paper.
The size of 1-3 All letters are located letters are slightly Relationship correctly in larger or smaller relationship to the than the space To Line lines. allowed by the line.
Points 2
1
50% of the 80% of the letters are letters are formed correctly. formed correctly. All letters have a Slant of letters uniform slant vary from letter with 4-6 to letter. exceptions. There are more There are 3-5 than 5 visible visible marks or marks or smudges on the smudges on the paper. paper. The size of 4-6 The size of more letters are than 6 letters are slightly larger or slightly larger or smaller than the smaller than the space allowed by space allowed by the line. the line.
Total
____
____
____
____
____
Notes and Comments:
Source: http://www.teach-nology.com The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 44
Planning a Lesson THE LEARNING EXCHANGE TUTOR TRAINING
Select a topic or activity based on your student’s goals: (What you will be doing.) •
Review your student‟s goals and plan around them
•
Set priorities
•
Choose a topic that is relevant or of interest to your student
Select the materials you need: (What you will need.) •
Vary the materials used
•
Incorporate everyday materials
•
Preview materials before use
Select the Strategy: (How you will do it.) •
Select strategies based on your student‟s needs and interests
•
Choose a strategy that is appropriate for the purpose of the activity (i.e. Are you writing to express ideas or to practice punctuation?)
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
•
Include opportunities to develop listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills
•
Begin your lesson with a warm-up activity
•
Vary the activities ~ include games and different types of activities
•
Incorporate new skills and information
•
Include opportunities for review and practice from previous lessons
•
Include time for your student to work independently
•
Be flexible ~ always have a back-up plan
•
Include extra work for practice
•
Remember to have fun! D. Brown/2010 page 45
Jane Smith
Student Plan
Version 1 February 18, 2009
Presented by: Darlene Brown
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 46
Student’s Interests Jane is interested in the following hobbies/activities:
music
sewing
exercising
cooking
movies
gardening
Goal
To read a letter/mail without assistance
To use a computer without assistance
General Resources
Learning Links (online Internet site of links to websites relevant for the student/tutor)
LitStart
Resource books and materials available at TLE library
Everyday materials (i.e. photos, magazines, flyers, newspapers, Internet, etc.)
“Consumables” (books/workbooks given to individual students to keep/write in)
Notes Notes/comments
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 47
Speaking and Listening Practice oral and listening activities. Conversational activities can lead to writing, reading, and spelling activities.
Objectives
pronunciation and conversation
grammar and new vocabulary
Functional Speaking and Listening
Taking/giving/discussing a message
Carry on a conversation about current events
Follow/give instructions or directions
Speaking and Listening Skills Suggestions
LitStart Speaking Chapter 5: pp. 72 - 91
Listening to/following directions and dictation can help to develop her listening skills
Use Journal Jumpstarts and Story Starters and basic articles from Internet, Learning Links or newspapers to spark conversational practice
Use photos, pictures from books, newspapers and magazines for oral expression and using descriptions
Use Learning Links listening activities
Speaking and Listening Resources
Learning Links (Canada, Listening, General Topics, Vocabulary)
Journal Jumpstarts
West Coast Reader
Everyday materials (i.e. photos, magazines, flyers, newspapers, Internet, phone books, etc.)Notes
Notes/comments
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 48
Reading Special attention is needed regarding pronunciation, comprehension, and vocabulary building. Reading activities can lead to writing activities. Objectives
reading comprehension
reading fluency and pronunciation
exposure to a variety of reading genres
grammar and vocabulary development
introduction to different reading strategies
Functional Reading Situations
Reading a label (i.e. drug label, food label, etc.)
Using the telephone book
Reading Suggestions
LitStart Reading Chapter 6: pp. 93 - 119
Reading to her in order to model proper pronunciation and fluency
Reading opportunities in a variety of forms
Read in her spare time
Discuss with her what she learned, liked or disliked about what she read. This can be turned into a writing activity as well.
Use, pre, during and post-reading strategies (Lit-Start pp.105 - 119) to help increase comprehension
Use the computer/Internet for reading practice
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 49
Reading Resources
Learning Links (Canada, Health & Nutrition, Study Skills: Reading, General Topics, etc.)
Stories and Stories Plus
Comprehension Skills series level B
The Salsa is Hot
Biographies
West Coast Reader
books with low level of difficulty and high-interest
audio or “take turn” books
non-fiction books/themes such as biographies, sewing/cooking books, movie reviews and musical lyrics
Notes Notes/comments
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 50
Word Study Build vocabulary and comprehension skills using word study strategies. Objectives
alphabet mastery
reinforce/introduce basic vocabulary
spelling: Months, days of the week, numbers and the spelling of her address, basic sight words
basic phonic skills
basic grammar: homonyms, rhyming words and recognizing word families
vocabulary comprehension
Functional word study vocabulary related to:
Reading drug labels
Using a telephone book
Creating/using a budget
Everyday language
Word Study Suggestions
LitStart Word Study Chapter 7: pp. 121 - 168
Use the alphabet in a variety of activities: i.e. alphabet themes, scrambled alphabet, copying, etc.
Use word cards to practice vocabulary, spelling and alphabetical order
Provide vocabulary and alphabet practice using everyday materials
Choose vocabulary words relevant to things of interest to her (i.e. sewing, movies, etc.)
Create a personal spelling list of words
Use simple dictation to provide practice for word study exercises
Use the computer for word study practice
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 51
Word Study Resources
Learning Links (Spelling, Grammar, Vocabulary & Punctuation)
Quick Word book
Green level spelling book
Word cards: beginner to intermediate
Everyday materials such as the “yellow pages”
Beginner reference books and dictionaries (i.e. Picture Dictionary)
Green and blue flash cards
Word/spelling games, flash cards and puzzles
Notes Notes/comments
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 52
Writing Practice writing using a variety of forms Objectives
Simple sentence structure
Basic punctuation and capitalization
General use of grammar
Introduction to a variety of writing forms/styles (i.e. lists, notes, letters, etc.).
Printing: Use both upper and lowercase letters in writing
Cursive writing: upper and lowercase letters
Functional Writing Situations:
Writing a basic letter
Making a list
Writing directions/instructions
Taking a message
Writing a budget
Using a computer to write (i.e. word processing, e-mail)
Writing Suggestions
LitStart Chapter 8: pp. 169 - 189
Try a variety of writing activities & strategies (LitStart Writing Strategies pp. 176 -189) including: copying sentences, using Language Experience stories, journal writing, and completing sentences.
Jane should practice reading her written work aloud and note any differences from the way it was written to the way she reads it. Look/listen for omissions of words, verb tense corrections, plurals, etc.
Concentrate on using everyday scenarios for writing activities (LitStart Strategy # 51 page 177)
Use the computer for a variety of writing activities
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 53
Writing Resources
Learning Links (Information and Communication Technology, Study Skills: Writing; Spelling, Grammar, Vocabulary & Punctuation)
Quick Word book
Quick Write
Write on Track
Language Power Intro.
West Coast Reader
Ontario Reader
Journal Jumpstart
Notes Notes/comments
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 54
[email protected]
2100 Blvd. des Laurentides, Vimont, Laval, Quebec. H7M 2R5 Tel: (450) 688-2933 ext. 3126 Fax: (450) 663-1290
Recording Outline for Volunteers
Section
1
Volunteer/Tutoring Hours
Name:
Student:
Volunteer position: Use the chart below to record your hours. Total all of the columns and record the total sum in the grey box below. Please return the forms to the office.
Date
Tutoring time
Preparation time
Travel time
Comments
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Column Totals:
Total sum of all columns: * Round to the nearest hour/half hour
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 55
Recording Outline for Tutorials
Section
2
Tutorial Summary
Briefly outline key points, concepts and/or activities your student is working on for the period covered in the Recording Outline in Section 1.
Reading Activities:
Writing Activities:
Word Keys:
Other:
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 56
Recording Outline for Tutorials
Section
3
Workbook/Book Summary
Use the table below to keep a record of all workbook use over the period covered in the Recording Outline for Tutorials in Section 1:
Date
Workbook/Book Title
Pages
Score/Comments
Tutor notes/Comments
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 57
2100 Blvd. des Laurentides, Vimont, Laval, Quebec. H7M 2R5 Tel: (450) 688-2933 ext. 3126 Fax: (450) 663-1290
E
[email protected]
VALUATION FORM: Basic Tutor Training
Presenter: ___________________________________
Date: ___________________________________
For the following, please circle the figure from 1 to 4 which best expresses your opinion according to the scale:
1= very little
2= somewhat
3= quite a bit
4= very much
Objectives and content The objectives/agenda of the sessions were clear and well-defined The objectives were achieved The content was relevant to the subject
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
The workshop presenter Was familiar with the subject Presented the content well Stimulated my interest Paid attention to the participants
Materials and resources The Power Point presentation/s were clear and interesting The handouts were clear and interesting The materials and resources overall helped me learn LItStart helped me during training
Overall The room and set up were satisfactory The climate in the group helped me to learn There was sufficient time for all of the concepts presented I knew a lot about the concepts discussed before the session I know more about the concepts presented after the session I would be comfortable working with a student I would like more information before beginning LitStart will be helpful to me in tutoring Learning Links will be helpful to me in tutoring
Comments:
The Learning Exchange Basic Tutor Training
D. Brown/2010 page 58