A Modular Chemical and Photo‐Stability Chamber Purpose‐Built for an LC/MS‐Enabled Liquid Handler Charles E. Taylor, Robyn A. Rourick and John P. Walsh Kalypsys, Inc. Pharmaceutical Sciences Department 10420 Wateridge Circle, San Diego, CA 92121
Design
Chemical Stability Chamber
Purpose: The goal was to integrate a custom chemical and photo‐stability chamber to a liquid handler with LC/MS capabilities; in order to produce an optimized solution for identifying degradative liabilities in pharmaceu‐ tical compounds. The budgetary means for constructing this chamber were small as the implemented solution was achieved for less than $10,000.
♦ The effect of temperatures in 10°C increments (e.g., 50°C, 60°C) above that
hydrolysis across a wide range of pH values when in solution or suspension. “Examining degradation products under stress conditions is useful in establishing degradation pathways and developing and validating suitable analytical procedures...Results from these studies will form an integral part of the information provided to regulatory authorities.” [FDA Q1A (R2) 2.1.2]
→ Iwasaki Metal Halide MTD150/D ♦ Section IV Option 1 was used to validate the chambers performance using
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Temperature Range of 0oC to 100oC
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4 rows = 4 compounds
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5 columns = 5 conditions
the quinine monohydrochloride dihydrate actinometric standard specification ♦ Sections II and III are followed for testing Drug Substance and Drug Product,
respectively.
(Compliance with FDA Q1A 2.1.2)
1. pH 7.4 Phosphate Buffer
(Typical Assay Buffer Solution)
2. DMSO
(Library Storage Solution)
3. 2% Hydrogen Peroxide
(Compliance with FDA Q1A 2.1.2)
4. 0.06N NaOH Solution
(Compliance with FDA Q1A 2.1.2)
5. 0.02N HCl Solution
(Compliance with FDA Q1A 2.1.2)
Photo Stability → Capacity is 3 glass vials per run
Figure 4: Top‐view annotated illustration of the device design features and parts. ITEM ANNOTATION DESCRIPTION Clean Air Introduction Port
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Chemical Stability Block
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Chemical Stability Chamber Partition
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Photo Stability Block
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Robotic Arm Grip
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Lamp Fixture
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Inlet/Outlet Fans
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Extruded Aluminum Frame
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Ventilation Exhaust Pipe
Figure 4a: CAD rendering of device; viewing angle for Figure 4
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1 dark control
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Duplicate exposed samples
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Sealed 20 mL vials
(Compliance with FDA Q1B Sections II and III)
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Actinometric monitoring
(Compliance with FDA Q1B Section IV)
(Compliance with FDA Q1B Sections II and III)
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Temperature Range of 0oC to 100oC
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N‐plicate capability for both control and exposed samples
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Opaque 96 well plate with foil sealing
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Actinometric monitoring a dry standard (Compliance with FDA Q1B Section IV)
Future Developments Implement corrosion proof 96 well vessel →Plate with glass inserts
Extruded Aluminum Frame
→Stainless steel
Figure 6: CAD rendering of the device with arrows corresponding in color to the sub‐figure boxes containing photographs of the assembled device. The black panels contain the chemical stability chamber, and the white Figure 6b: Front‐view of the chemical panels correspond to the photo stability chamber. stability chamber. The sample vial block is shown, with the white round exhaust vent in the background.
Chemical Stability Sample Block
Robotic Arm Grips for Door
Inlet Cooling Fan for Light Ballast
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Sealing the wells/vials to minimize the evaporation →Pierceable PTFE sealing mat
Photo Stability Chamber •
18 Ventilation Exhaust Pipe
Implement fiber optic delivery of light to 96 well plate →No heat transfer →Controlled exposure of wells
Figure 5a: CAD rendering of device; viewing angle for Figure 5
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Table 1: Corresponding descriptions for Figures 4 and 5.
Temperature Range of 0oC to 100oC
→ Evaluating 96 well format
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16 Photo Stability Chamber Door 17
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Chemical Stability Chamber
14 Photo Stability Sample Block 15
Figure 6c: Rear‐view of the photo stability chamber, with the back panel removed. The Peltier device is visible below the deck, the gold colored clean air vents shown on the right and the lamp housing is seen on the left.
Figure 6a: Rear‐view of the chemical stability chamber. The embedded Peltier device is visible, as well as the exhaust hose connection to the fume vent.
12 Chemical Stability Chamber Access
Conclusions: The chamber constructed meets the performance expectations and functionality to provide for automated accelerated sample degrada‐ tion on a platform that allows for rapid LC/MS sample analysis.
→ Capacity is 20 glass vials per run
D65/ID65 emission standard pursuant to ISO 10977 (1993).
♦ The testing should also evaluate the susceptibility of the drug substance to
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Results: The photo stability chamber provides for appropriate sample photo degradation in 72 hours with only 40 mg of sample consumed. With the chemical stability chamber’s elevated sample temperature and highly caustic conditions, appropriate degradation occurs within 4 hours. Each chamber is still undergoing thorough performance characterization, but trials thus far have shown consistent hardware performance and repro‐ ducible sample results.
Chemical Stability
♦ Section I.B Option B details the lamp specification that should be followed;
♦ [The effects of] oxidation
10 Exhaust Vent for Chemical Stability
Figure 1: CAD representation of Figure 2: Photo of constructed stability chamber with top chamber integrated to the liquid invisible to highlight the two handler deck; chemical portion is inner chambers: chemical black and the photo chamber is (leftside) and photo paneled in white. (rightside).
FDA Guidance Q1B outlines the appropriate conditions to be met for appropriate photo stability analysis:
for accelerated testing.
Figure 3: Preliminary sketch of the device with notes on design concerns.
Current Capabilities
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Methods: Analytical Chemistry uses an integrated liquid handler platform for automated assay development and analysis. When designing and building this system, space was allocated for future efforts to integrate a stability chamber. Using CAD software, an in silica model was designed in‐house and opti‐ mized to achieve industry standards; including the FDA Q1B Guidance on photo stability chamber qualification (Figure 1). Criteria for the chamber required a unique design; liquid handler accessibility, meet industry device qualification standards, temperature control of the samples, active venti‐ lation and division of stability chambers to provide independent sample degradation (Figure 2). The photostability chamber was qualified to FDA Q1B Option 1 standards, via recommended lamp choice and the Quinine actinometric method. The chemical stability chamber enforces elevated sample temperature via a Peltier Thermal device, which the sample block rests on. The sample block utilizes glass vials to eliminate vessel leeching under the harsh chemical conditions; 20 vials allow for 4 compounds under 5 conditions.
FDA Guidance Q1A(R2) Section 2.1.2 states that stress testing should include:
Photo Stability Chamber
Figure 5: Front‐view annotated illustration of the device design features and parts.
Figure 7: Picture sequence of chemical s t a b i l i t y automated sample removal.
Figure 10: Example chromatograms illustrating the effectiveness of a 4 hour time course in the chemical stability chamber. Bisacodyl was degraded in 3% hydrogen peroxide for 4 hours at 60o C. The control sample is considered to be a 6 minute time point, as this is the amount of time that it takes from sampling to end of analysis.
Figure 6d: Front‐view of the photo stability chamber, with the access door open. The Peltier device is visible protruding through the deck, the gold colored clean air vents shown on the left and the lamp housing is slightly visible on the right.
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Introduction/Abstract
Figure 9: Picture sequence of photo stability automated sample removal.
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Employ non‐actinometric methods of monitoring the light energy →Spectrometer/lux meter
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the following parties for their guidance and service in the production of this device: Mike Fanolla of FandL Solutions (distributor of the 8020 materials used to build the device), Torrey Pines Scientific for their efforts in supplying the Peltier devices, and McMaster‐Carr for their great customer service.