(2) Clutch Gearbox
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Power Transmission Suresh Bhakta Shrestha Asst. Professor & In-charge Department of Mechanical Engineering
Clutches Requirements (1)Torque transmission (2)Gradual engagement (3)Heat dissipation (4)Dynamic balancing (5)Vibration damping (6)Size (7)Inertia (8)Clutch free pedal play (9)Ease of operation
Principle of Friction Clutch
Figure 1: Principle of Friction Clutch
Factors Affecting Clutch Operation TABLE 1: COEFFICIENTS OF FRICTION FOR CLUTCH FACING MATERIALS
S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4.
Material Leather Cork Cotton Fabric Asbestos-base materials
Coefficient of friction 0.27 0.37 0.4-0.5 0.35-0.4
Dry Friction Clutches TYPES •
Cone clutch
•
Single plate clutch
•
Multiplate clutch
•
Semi-centrifugal clutch
•
Centrifugal clutch
Figure 2: Cone Clutch
Single Plate Clutch
Figure 3: Single Plate Clutch
Single Plate Clutch …
Figure 5: Single Plate Clutch for Tata Truck
Figure 4: Simplified diagram showing the working of Single Plate Clutch
Multiplate Clutch
Figure 6: Multiplate Clutch
Transmission Functions 1) To provide a means to vary the leverage or torque ratio 2) To provide a neutral position 3) To provide a means to back the car
Necessity (a) Variation of resistance to the vehicle motion at various speeds. (b) Variation of tractive effort of the vehicle available at various speeds.
l Tota
nce a t s i Res
Miscellaneous Resistance Gradient Resistance
e anc t s i Re s
d Wi n Speed
Figure 7: Various resistances to the vehicle motion
Total Resistance
Resistance
Resistance to Vehicle Motion
Speed Figure 8: Total resistance to vehicle Motion at different gradients
1 2 3 Speed
Figure 9: Tractive effort curves for different gradient
Tractive Effort & Total Resistance
Tractive Effort
Resistance to Vehicle Motion… 1 2 3 Speed Figure 10: Superimposing the total resistance and tractive effort curves for different gears
Sliding Mesh Gear Box
Figure 10: Sliding Mesh Gear Box (gears in neutral)
Figure 11: Four Speed Forward only Sliding Mesh Gear Box (gears in neutral)
Constant Mesh Gear Box
Figure 12: Constant Mesh Gear Box
Synchromesh Gear Box
Figure 13: Synchromesh Gear Box
Synchromesh Gear Box…
Figure 14: Engagement of direct gear in a Synchromesh Gear Box (a) (b)
Cones M1 and M2 mate to equalize speed Member G1 pushed further to engage with dogs K1
Modified Synchromesh Gear Box
Figure 15: Modified Synchromesh device (a)
Just before engagement
(b)
After engagement
Selector Mechanism
Figure 16: Selector Mechanism Using gear lever on top of transmission
Figure 17: Gear Lever Knob for 5 Forward speed & reverse gear box
Interlocking Mechanism
Figure 18: Interlocking Mechanism Figure 19: Interlocking Mechanism Showing movements of rods
Clutches Requirements (1)Torque transmission (2)Gradual engagement (3)Heat dissipation (4)Dynamic balancing (5)Vibration damping (6)Size (7)Inertia (8)Clutch free pedal play (9)Ease of operation
Principle of Friction Clutch
Figure 1: Principle of Friction Clutch
Factors Affecting Clutch Operation TABLE 1: COEFFICIENTS OF FRICTION FOR CLUTCH FACING MATERIALS
S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4.
Material Leather Cork Cotton Fabric Asbestos-base materials
Coefficient of friction 0.27 0.37 0.4-0.5 0.35-0.4
Dry Friction Clutches TYPES •
Cone clutch
•
Single plate clutch
•
Multiplate clutch
•
Semi-centrifugal clutch
•
Centrifugal clutch
Figure 2: Cone Clutch
Single Plate Clutch
Figure 3: Single Plate Clutch
Single Plate Clutch …
Figure 5: Single Plate Clutch for Tata Truck
Figure 4: Simplified diagram showing the working of Single Plate Clutch
Multiplate Clutch
Figure 6: Multiplate Clutch
Transmission Functions 1) To provide a means to vary the leverage or torque ratio 2) To provide a neutral position 3) To provide a means to back the car
Necessity (a) Variation of resistance to the vehicle motion at various speeds. (b) Variation of tractive effort of the vehicle available at various speeds.
l Tota
nce a t s i Res
Miscellaneous Resistance Gradient Resistance
e anc t s i Re s
d Wi n Speed
Figure 7: Various resistances to the vehicle motion
Total Resistance
Resistance
Resistance to Vehicle Motion
Speed Figure 8: Total resistance to vehicle Motion at different gradients
1 2 3 Speed
Figure 9: Tractive effort curves for different gradient
Tractive Effort & Total Resistance
Tractive Effort
Resistance to Vehicle Motion… 1 2 3 Speed Figure 10: Superimposing the total resistance and tractive effort curves for different gears
Sliding Mesh Gear Box
Figure 10: Sliding Mesh Gear Box (gears in neutral)
Figure 11: Four Speed Forward only Sliding Mesh Gear Box (gears in neutral)
Constant Mesh Gear Box
Figure 12: Constant Mesh Gear Box
Synchromesh Gear Box
Figure 13: Synchromesh Gear Box
Synchromesh Gear Box…
Figure 14: Engagement of direct gear in a Synchromesh Gear Box (a) (b)
Cones M1 and M2 mate to equalize speed Member G1 pushed further to engage with dogs K1
Modified Synchromesh Gear Box
Figure 15: Modified Synchromesh device (a)
Just before engagement
(b)
After engagement
Selector Mechanism
Figure 16: Selector Mechanism Using gear lever on top of transmission
Figure 17: Gear Lever Knob for 5 Forward speed & reverse gear box
Interlocking Mechanism
Figure 18: Interlocking Mechanism Figure 19: Interlocking Mechanism Showing movements of rods
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