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T RAFFIC JAM DETECTION SYSTEM
TRAFFIC JAM DETECTION SYSTEM
Chapter 2 Background
2.1 About Traffic Jam It is said that road and transport system is the mean by which we can measure the development level of a country. And Traffic jam is the unavoidable part of road & transport. Insufficient roads, poor urban planning etc may cause traffic jam. In general sense, we say that there is a traffic jam when there plies more vehicles in a road than it can hold. In any one of the following cases, we say there is a traffic jam: •
The vehicles are stopped
•
Vehicles are moving very slowly
•
There is an excessive number of vehicle on road
Automated traffic control system can help us to reduce traffic jam and save our valuable time. Again, computer aided traffic jam detection system can warn people about traffic points with traffic jam and ask people to try alternative path. We worked on traffic jam detection to build a base of such modern facilities to ensure better transport.
3
T RAFFIC JAM DETECTION SYSTEM
2.2 About Image Processing and Object Detection Recently computing industry is working a lot in both image processing and objects detection. These two fields are contributed in the development of artificial intelligence and automated systems. According to Nils J. Nilson [Nilson, 2002], Image processing has been proved to be a very difficult problem for machines. Programmers mainly face difficulties from • • •
Variable and uncontrolled illumination Complex and hard to describe objects Objects occluding other objects
In man made environment difficulties are lessened than in natural environment.
Object detection is the outcome of image processing. Object recognition goes far more deep in analyzing images and objects from it.
2.3 Fundamental Steps in Digital Image processing Some fundamental steps of image processing are, • • • • • • • • • •
Image Acquisition Image Enhancement Image Restoration Color Image Processing Wavelets processing Compression Morphological Processing Segmentation Representation and Description Recognition
(Please look for references, [Gonzalez & Woods, 2003], [TUDelft])
3
T RAFFIC JAM DETECTION SYSTEM
2.4 Idea of Image In most contexts, we studied and worked on, the word ‘image’ is used to mention a two dimensional array (or matrix or a plane) of bitmaps and is used to represent 2D vision of reallife images. Every bitmap contains 3 fields: R, G and B. Respectively, they contain the color values of red, green and blue of a particular point (pixel). Sometimes, another fourth field may contain intensity of the very point.
2.5 Towards Traffic Jam Detection Computer industry is getting enriched in image processing everyday. A lot of work of many individuals throughout the world has helped us to develop a traffic jam detection system.
[ignore page number]
3
TRAFFIC JAM DETECTION SYSTEM
Chapter 2 Background
2.1 About Traffic Jam It is said that road and transport system is the mean by which we can measure the development level of a country. And Traffic jam is the unavoidable part of road & transport. Insufficient roads, poor urban planning etc may cause traffic jam. In general sense, we say that there is a traffic jam when there plies more vehicles in a road than it can hold. In any one of the following cases, we say there is a traffic jam: •
The vehicles are stopped
•
Vehicles are moving very slowly
•
There is an excessive number of vehicle on road
Automated traffic control system can help us to reduce traffic jam and save our valuable time. Again, computer aided traffic jam detection system can warn people about traffic points with traffic jam and ask people to try alternative path. We worked on traffic jam detection to build a base of such modern facilities to ensure better transport.
3
T RAFFIC JAM DETECTION SYSTEM
2.2 About Image Processing and Object Detection Recently computing industry is working a lot in both image processing and objects detection. These two fields are contributed in the development of artificial intelligence and automated systems. According to Nils J. Nilson [Nilson, 2002], Image processing has been proved to be a very difficult problem for machines. Programmers mainly face difficulties from • • •
Variable and uncontrolled illumination Complex and hard to describe objects Objects occluding other objects
In man made environment difficulties are lessened than in natural environment.
Object detection is the outcome of image processing. Object recognition goes far more deep in analyzing images and objects from it.
2.3 Fundamental Steps in Digital Image processing Some fundamental steps of image processing are, • • • • • • • • • •
Image Acquisition Image Enhancement Image Restoration Color Image Processing Wavelets processing Compression Morphological Processing Segmentation Representation and Description Recognition
(Please look for references, [Gonzalez & Woods, 2003], [TUDelft])
3
T RAFFIC JAM DETECTION SYSTEM
2.4 Idea of Image In most contexts, we studied and worked on, the word ‘image’ is used to mention a two dimensional array (or matrix or a plane) of bitmaps and is used to represent 2D vision of reallife images. Every bitmap contains 3 fields: R, G and B. Respectively, they contain the color values of red, green and blue of a particular point (pixel). Sometimes, another fourth field may contain intensity of the very point.
2.5 Towards Traffic Jam Detection Computer industry is getting enriched in image processing everyday. A lot of work of many individuals throughout the world has helped us to develop a traffic jam detection system.
[ignore page number]
3
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