15_geographical Information System

Explaining Meaning of GIS

GIS z Geographical

z

Information System

z

GEOGRAPHICAL

z

INFORMATION

z

SYSTEM

Cept University -Ahmedabad

GEOGRAPHY z The science of Earth’s physical features, resources, climate, ppopulation p etc. z

•GEO + GRAPHY GEO = Earth GRAPHY = Description

I N F O R M A T I O N

D Descriptive i ti z

Mountain /Hill

z

House

z

Tree

Graphical G hi l

SYSTEM

What is the specialty p y of GIS? Facilitates faster pprocess of operations p Provides solution for many y real world pproblems with options of many scenarios Decision making tool with the support of organized data Integrating technology Dynamic map display and interactive query

Technologies that support GIS z z z z z z z

Remote Sensing Photogrammetry C Cartography h (Manual/Automated) (M l/A d) Positioning technology Geodesy/Surveying/Mapping Mobile Mapping Internet GIS

What GIS can do? What GIS can do?

Real world problems

Identification

Where ?

Locate

What is there?

Trends

What if ?

P Patterns

Wh has What h changed h d?

Optimum path

What relations exists between ?

Models

What is the best route?

Identification and Location Trends

Models

How GIS work?

Concepts of GIS Definingg GIS z Toolbox based definitions - set off tools l - a system y - an information system z for capturing, storing, retrieving, analyzing and displaying p y g which are spatially p y referenced to earth

GIS terminology gy

Definition of GIS z

z

A powerful set of tools for collecting, storing, retrieving at will, transforming and displaying spatial data from the real world (Burroughs)

z z z z z

z

A computerized p system y that provides p advanced capabilities for the processing and interpretation of spatial information from the real world. world

z z z

Geographical Information System Geographical Information Science Geoinformatics Geomatics Spatial information system Geospatial systems Geospatial information engineering Land information system …….

History of GIS ESRI, Intergraph and Laserscan, first commercial setups 1969 US Bureau of Census DIME data format &ECU in London

1966 Harvard Lab for CGSA by Howard Fisher 1964 1963

CGIS (Roger Tomlinson) -analyze Canada's national land inventory, - a beginning Roger Tomlinson Father of GIS

TIGER, NCGIA & MGE S/W

1987

IJGIS, SPANS S/W & IDRISI S/W

1986

MAPINFO S/W & First PGIS book

1985

GRASS GIS s/w

1981

ESRI launched ARC/INFO

1980-1990

1967 SYMAP (Synagraphic Mapping System)

1989

1979

ODYSSEY GIS, the first modern vector GIS

1978

ERDAS was founded founded, 1978

1977

The USGS developed DLG spatial data format

1976

Minnesota Land Management Information System

1972

IBM's GFIS (Geographic Information Systems)

1960-1970

B Beyond d 2000 1999

™Internet GIS

1998

™ Mobile GIS

1997

™L ™Location i based b d services i

1996

™Open access to satellite images (ex. Google Earth)

1992

™AAA

1991-2000 ™Multi- Media GIS ™ ™Expanding GIS potential ™PC GIS ™Maguire, Goodchild, & Rhind's, the GIS Big Book published

GIS Components Hardware + S f Software + Dataware + Human--ware Human = GIS

Hardware Type of Computer Platforms Modest Personnel Computers High performance workstations Minicomputers Mainframe computers p Devices Input Scanners Digitizers Keyboard Graphic Monitor Output Devices Plotters and Printers

Software

Input Modules Editing MRP Manipulation/ Analysis Modules Modeling Capability, output generation presentation & visualization

Data

Attribute Data Spatial p Data Remote Sensing D t Global Data Gl b l D Database t b

Live ware Trained professionals p for responsible digitizing, Implementing GIS

THANK YOU