13 Fernandez
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Acta
zoológica
lilloana
50
(1–2):
11 5 – 11 7 ,
115
2006
COMUNICACIÓN
Two New Patterns of the Supraorbital Canal in Trichomycterids (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) Fernández, Luis A. Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, (4000), Tucumán, Argentina.
“Dos patrones nuevos del canal supraorbital en tricomictéridos (Siluriformes: Tricomycteridae)”. K EYWORDS : Trichomycteridae, catfishes, Neotropical, supraorbital pores. P ALABRAS CLAVES : Tricomycteridae, bagres, Neotropical, poros supraorbitales.
The specimens of Trichomycterus catamarcensis Fernandez & Vari, T. yuska Fernandez & Schaefer, and T. pseudosilvinichthys Fernandez & Vari share a reduced supraorbital canal. They show different reductions in length and among pores. In T. yuska and T. pseudosilvinichthys (Fernandez & Vari 2004: Fig. 2) (Fig. 1A), the supraorbital canal is fragmented anteriorly with the loss of a segment between supraorbital pores 2 and 4 or 6 (missing pore 3). In T. catamarcensis (Fig. 1B), the supraorbital canal is represented only by the nasal portion (supraorbital pores 1 and 2). The same situation is present in Silvinichthys Arratia and Fernandez & Pinna, but in T. catamarcensis the infraorbital canal is present with pores 10-11. Arratia & Huaquin (1995) argued that a supraorbital canal running in the frontal bone is the common condition in siluroids. However, the canal is missing in some trichomycterids such as Silvinichthys, Glanapteryx, and Listrura. Finally Arratia (1998) mentioned a complete supraorbital canal in certain species of Trichomycterinae (e.g. Trichomycterus nigricans Valenciennes, T. areolatus Valenciennes, Hatcheria macraei Girard, Bullockia maldonadoi Eigenmann). According to Arratia (1998) this condition represents the plesiomorphic character state by comparison to the Nematogenyidae, the Copionodontinae, and the Trichogeninae, whereas the of certain segments or the loss complete canal loss represent different apomorphic states. Arratia presented three different examples: the supraorbital
canal may be fragmented anteriorly (loss of a segment between supraorbital pores 2 and 3) in T. gracilis Valenciennes, T. punctulatus Valenciennes, and T. rivulatus Valenciennes (Figs. 5b-c, 14a, respectively), the nasal portion of the supraorbial canal (pores 1 and 2) is lost in Eremophilus Humboldt and Scleronema Eigenmann (Figs. 14b-e, respectively), and the entire supraorbital canal is lost (terminal character state) in Glanapteryx Myers, Listrura de Pinna, and Ituglanis Costa & Bockmann. In the last genus, the supraorbital canal was observed in some species as Ituglanis metae Eigenmann, I. amazonicus Steindachner, I. laticeps Kner, I. passensis Fernandez & Bichuette and I. eichorniarus Eigenmann. Most species of Trichomycterus shared either the plesiomorphic state of the supraorbital canal or the apomorphic state with the canal fragmented anteriorly. For example, the first condition corresponds to: T. corduvensis Weyenbergh, T. spegazzinii Berg, T. barbouri Eigenmann, T. tiraquae Fowler, T. borelli Boulenger, T. striatus Meek & Hildebrand, T. maracaiboensis Schultz, T. emanueli Schultz, T. bogotense Eigenmann, T. romeroi Fowler, T. stellatus Eigenmann, T. latistriatus Eigenmann, T. taenium Kner, T. latidens Eigenmann, T. chapmani Eigenmann, T. davisi Haseman, T. hasemani Eigenmann, T. johnsoni Fowler, T. gabrieli Myers, T. triguttatus Eigenmann, T. fasslii Steindachner, T. spelaeus do Nascimiento et al., and T. gorgona Fernandez & Schaefer. Whereas the loss of the portion between pores 2 and 3 corresponds to: in T. ramo-
116
L.
A.
Fernández:
Tw o
New
Patterns
of
the
Supraorbital
Canal
in
Trichomycterids
Fig. 1. Diagramatic dorsal view of cranium with cephalic sensory canals, including supraorbital canal and lateral line. (a) Trichomycterus yuska, (b) T. catamarcensis. Abbreviations: ep, epioccipital; ff, frontal fontanelle; f, frontal bone; i10-i11, pores 10-11 of infraorbital sensory canal; lat.l., main lateral line and pores; l1, lateral pore (= postotic 2); le, lateral ethmoid; me, mesethmoid; pr, preopercular (= postotic 1) branch and pore; pt, pterotic; ptts, postemposupracleithrum; s12, 6, pores 1, 2 and 6 of supraorbital canal; so, tendon bone supraorbital; su, supraoccipital; s+pro+ptr, sphenotic, prootic and pterosphenoid complex; w, Weber capsule.
sus Fernandez, T. belensis Fernandez & Vari, T. aguarague Fernandez & Osinaga, T. alterus Marini et al., T. heterodontus Eigenmann, T. atochae Allen, T. vittatus Regan, T. quechuorus Steindachner, T. laucaensis Arratia, T. chungaraensis Arratia, T. chiltoni Eigenmann, T. areolatus Valenciennes, T. oroyae Eigenmann & Eigenmann, T. dispar Tschudi, T. rivulatus Valenciennes and according to Arratia & Menu-Marque (1984) in T. boylei Nichols, T. roigi Arratia & Menu-Marque, and T. duellmani Arratia & Menu-Marque. I propose that the reduction of the supraorbital canal (pores 1 and 2) represent evidence favoring recognition of a Trichomycterus species assemblage: T. pseudosilvinichthys, T. yuska, T. catamarce-
nsis, and the genus Silvinichthys (S. mendozensis and S. bortayro). At present, I cannot find this reduction of the supraorbital canal in another 65 species of Trichomycterus from South America, including Panama to Chile and species from Brazil. An appropriate resolution of that question, however, will require an extensive phylogenetic analysis including most other species currently included in Trichomycteridae. REFERENCES Arratia, G. 1998. Silvinichthys, a new genus of trichomycterid catfishes from the Argentinian Andes, with redescription of Trichomycterus nigricans. Ichthyological Exploration Freshwaters, 9: 347370.
Acta
zoológica
lilloana
50
(1–2):
11 5 – 11 7 ,
Arratia, G. & S. Menu-Marque. 1984. New catfishes of the genus Trichomycterus from the high Andes of South America (Pisces: Siluriformes) with remarks on distribution and ecology. Zoologische Jahrbuch Systematics, 3: 493520. Arratia G. & L. Huaquin. 1995. Morphology of the lateral line system and of the skin of
2006
117 diplomystid and certain primitive loricarioid catfishes and systematic and ecological considerations. Bonner Zoologische Monographien, 36: 1-110. Fernandez L. & R. P. Vari. 2004. New species of Trichomycterus from midelevation localities of northwestern Argentina (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae). Copeia, 2004: 875-880.
zoológica
lilloana
50
(1–2):
11 5 – 11 7 ,
115
2006
COMUNICACIÓN
Two New Patterns of the Supraorbital Canal in Trichomycterids (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) Fernández, Luis A. Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, (4000), Tucumán, Argentina.
“Dos patrones nuevos del canal supraorbital en tricomictéridos (Siluriformes: Tricomycteridae)”. K EYWORDS : Trichomycteridae, catfishes, Neotropical, supraorbital pores. P ALABRAS CLAVES : Tricomycteridae, bagres, Neotropical, poros supraorbitales.
The specimens of Trichomycterus catamarcensis Fernandez & Vari, T. yuska Fernandez & Schaefer, and T. pseudosilvinichthys Fernandez & Vari share a reduced supraorbital canal. They show different reductions in length and among pores. In T. yuska and T. pseudosilvinichthys (Fernandez & Vari 2004: Fig. 2) (Fig. 1A), the supraorbital canal is fragmented anteriorly with the loss of a segment between supraorbital pores 2 and 4 or 6 (missing pore 3). In T. catamarcensis (Fig. 1B), the supraorbital canal is represented only by the nasal portion (supraorbital pores 1 and 2). The same situation is present in Silvinichthys Arratia and Fernandez & Pinna, but in T. catamarcensis the infraorbital canal is present with pores 10-11. Arratia & Huaquin (1995) argued that a supraorbital canal running in the frontal bone is the common condition in siluroids. However, the canal is missing in some trichomycterids such as Silvinichthys, Glanapteryx, and Listrura. Finally Arratia (1998) mentioned a complete supraorbital canal in certain species of Trichomycterinae (e.g. Trichomycterus nigricans Valenciennes, T. areolatus Valenciennes, Hatcheria macraei Girard, Bullockia maldonadoi Eigenmann). According to Arratia (1998) this condition represents the plesiomorphic character state by comparison to the Nematogenyidae, the Copionodontinae, and the Trichogeninae, whereas the of certain segments or the loss complete canal loss represent different apomorphic states. Arratia presented three different examples: the supraorbital
canal may be fragmented anteriorly (loss of a segment between supraorbital pores 2 and 3) in T. gracilis Valenciennes, T. punctulatus Valenciennes, and T. rivulatus Valenciennes (Figs. 5b-c, 14a, respectively), the nasal portion of the supraorbial canal (pores 1 and 2) is lost in Eremophilus Humboldt and Scleronema Eigenmann (Figs. 14b-e, respectively), and the entire supraorbital canal is lost (terminal character state) in Glanapteryx Myers, Listrura de Pinna, and Ituglanis Costa & Bockmann. In the last genus, the supraorbital canal was observed in some species as Ituglanis metae Eigenmann, I. amazonicus Steindachner, I. laticeps Kner, I. passensis Fernandez & Bichuette and I. eichorniarus Eigenmann. Most species of Trichomycterus shared either the plesiomorphic state of the supraorbital canal or the apomorphic state with the canal fragmented anteriorly. For example, the first condition corresponds to: T. corduvensis Weyenbergh, T. spegazzinii Berg, T. barbouri Eigenmann, T. tiraquae Fowler, T. borelli Boulenger, T. striatus Meek & Hildebrand, T. maracaiboensis Schultz, T. emanueli Schultz, T. bogotense Eigenmann, T. romeroi Fowler, T. stellatus Eigenmann, T. latistriatus Eigenmann, T. taenium Kner, T. latidens Eigenmann, T. chapmani Eigenmann, T. davisi Haseman, T. hasemani Eigenmann, T. johnsoni Fowler, T. gabrieli Myers, T. triguttatus Eigenmann, T. fasslii Steindachner, T. spelaeus do Nascimiento et al., and T. gorgona Fernandez & Schaefer. Whereas the loss of the portion between pores 2 and 3 corresponds to: in T. ramo-
116
L.
A.
Fernández:
Tw o
New
Patterns
of
the
Supraorbital
Canal
in
Trichomycterids
Fig. 1. Diagramatic dorsal view of cranium with cephalic sensory canals, including supraorbital canal and lateral line. (a) Trichomycterus yuska, (b) T. catamarcensis. Abbreviations: ep, epioccipital; ff, frontal fontanelle; f, frontal bone; i10-i11, pores 10-11 of infraorbital sensory canal; lat.l., main lateral line and pores; l1, lateral pore (= postotic 2); le, lateral ethmoid; me, mesethmoid; pr, preopercular (= postotic 1) branch and pore; pt, pterotic; ptts, postemposupracleithrum; s12, 6, pores 1, 2 and 6 of supraorbital canal; so, tendon bone supraorbital; su, supraoccipital; s+pro+ptr, sphenotic, prootic and pterosphenoid complex; w, Weber capsule.
sus Fernandez, T. belensis Fernandez & Vari, T. aguarague Fernandez & Osinaga, T. alterus Marini et al., T. heterodontus Eigenmann, T. atochae Allen, T. vittatus Regan, T. quechuorus Steindachner, T. laucaensis Arratia, T. chungaraensis Arratia, T. chiltoni Eigenmann, T. areolatus Valenciennes, T. oroyae Eigenmann & Eigenmann, T. dispar Tschudi, T. rivulatus Valenciennes and according to Arratia & Menu-Marque (1984) in T. boylei Nichols, T. roigi Arratia & Menu-Marque, and T. duellmani Arratia & Menu-Marque. I propose that the reduction of the supraorbital canal (pores 1 and 2) represent evidence favoring recognition of a Trichomycterus species assemblage: T. pseudosilvinichthys, T. yuska, T. catamarce-
nsis, and the genus Silvinichthys (S. mendozensis and S. bortayro). At present, I cannot find this reduction of the supraorbital canal in another 65 species of Trichomycterus from South America, including Panama to Chile and species from Brazil. An appropriate resolution of that question, however, will require an extensive phylogenetic analysis including most other species currently included in Trichomycteridae. REFERENCES Arratia, G. 1998. Silvinichthys, a new genus of trichomycterid catfishes from the Argentinian Andes, with redescription of Trichomycterus nigricans. Ichthyological Exploration Freshwaters, 9: 347370.
Acta
zoológica
lilloana
50
(1–2):
11 5 – 11 7 ,
Arratia, G. & S. Menu-Marque. 1984. New catfishes of the genus Trichomycterus from the high Andes of South America (Pisces: Siluriformes) with remarks on distribution and ecology. Zoologische Jahrbuch Systematics, 3: 493520. Arratia G. & L. Huaquin. 1995. Morphology of the lateral line system and of the skin of
2006
117 diplomystid and certain primitive loricarioid catfishes and systematic and ecological considerations. Bonner Zoologische Monographien, 36: 1-110. Fernandez L. & R. P. Vari. 2004. New species of Trichomycterus from midelevation localities of northwestern Argentina (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae). Copeia, 2004: 875-880.
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