1.3 Conversion Factors From Bg And Ee Units To Si
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7708d_covers_02-06
8/27/01
11:39 AM
Page 4 mac45 Mac 45:1st Shift:
■ TA B L E
1.3 Conversion Factors from BG and EE Units to SI Unitsa
Acceleration Area Density Energy Force Length
Mass Power Pressure
Specific weight Temperature Velocity Viscosity (dynamic) Viscosity (kinematic) Volume flowrate a
To Convert from
to
Multiply by
fts2 ft2 lbmft3 slugs ft3 Btu ft lb lb ft in. mile lbm slug ft lbs hp in. Hg 160 °F2 lbft2 1psf2 lbin.2 1psi2 lbft3 °F °R fts mihr 1mph2 lb sft2 ft2 s ft3 s galmin 1gpm2
ms2 m2 kgm3 kgm3 J J N m m m kg kg W W Nm2 Nm2 Nm2 Nm3 °C K ms ms N sm2 m2s m3s m3s
3.048 E 1 9.290 E 2 1.602 E 1 5.154 E 2 1.055 E 3 1.356 4.448 3.048 E 1 2.540 E 2 1.609 E 3 4.536 E 1 1.459 E 1 1.356 7.457 E 2 3.377 E 3 4.788 E 1 6.895 E 3 1.571 E 2 TC 15921TF 32°2 5.556 E 1 3.048 E 1 4.470 E 1 4.788 E 1 9.290 E 2 2.832 E 2 6.309 E 5
If more than four-place accuracy is desired, refer to Appendix A.
7708d_covers_02-06
8/27/01
11:39 AM
Page 5 mac45 Mac 45:1st Shift:
■ TA B L E
1.4 Conversion Factors from SI Units to BG and EE Unitsa
Acceleration Area Density Energy Force Length
Mass Power Pressure
Specific weight Temperature Velocity Viscosity (dynamic) Viscosity (kinematic) Volume flowrate a
To Convert from
to
Multiply by
ms2 m2 kgm3 kgm3 J J N m m m kg kg W W Nm2 Nm2 Nm2 Nm3 °C K ms ms N sm2 m2s m3s m3s
fts2 ft2 lbmft3 slugsft3 Btu ft lb lb ft in. mile lbm slug ft lbs hp in. Hg 160 °F2 lbft2 1psf2 lbin.2 1psi2 lbft3 °F °R fts mihr 1mph2 lb sft2 ft2 s ft3 s galmin 1gpm2
3.281 1.076 E 1 6.243 E 2 1.940 E 3 9.478 E 4 7.376 E 1 2.248 E 1 3.281 3.937 E 1 6.214 E 4 2.205 6.852 E 2 7.376 E 1 1.341 E 3 2.961 E 4 2.089 E 2 1.450 E 4 6.366 E 3 TF 1.8 TC 32° 1.800 3.281 2.237 2.089 E 2 1.076 E 1 3.531 E 1 1.585 E 4
If more than four-place accuracy is desired, refer to Appendix A.
7708d_covers_02-06
■ TA B L E
1.5 Approximate Physical Properties of Some Common Liquids (BG Units) Kinematic Viscosity,
Surface Tension,a
Vapor Pressure,
Bulk Modulus,b
pv [lbin.2 (abs)]
Ev (lbin.2)
E0 E1 E0 E6 E5 — 2.26 E 1 2.26 E 1
1.91 E 5 1.54 E 5 1.9 E 5 6.56 E 5 4.14 E 6 2.2 E 5 3.39 E 5 3.12 E 5
Liquid
Temperature (F)
R (slugsft3)
G (lbft3)
M (lb sft2)
N (ft2s)
S (lbft)
Carbon tetrachloride Ethyl alcohol Gasolinec Glycerin Mercury SAE 30 oilc Seawater Water
68 68 60 68 68 60 60 60
3.09 1.53 1.32 2.44 26.3 1.77 1.99 1.94
99.5 49.3 42.5 78.6 847 57.0 64.0 62.4
2.00 E 5 2.49 E 5 6.5 E 6 3.13 E 2 3.28 E 5 8.0 E 3 2.51 E 5 2.34 E 5
6.47 E 6 1.63 E 5 4.9 E 6 1.28 E 2 1.25 E 6 4.5 E 3 1.26 E 5 1.21 E 5
1.84 E 3 1.56 E 3 1.5 E 3 4.34 E 3 3.19 E 2 2.5 E 3 5.03 E 3 5.03 E 3
1.9 8.5 8.0 2.0 2.3
a
In contact with air. Isentropic bulk modulus calculated from speed of sound. c Typical values. Properties of petroleum products vary. b
■ TA B L E
1.6 Approximate Physical Properties of Some Common Liquids (SI Units)
Liquid
Temperature (C)
Density, R (kgm3)
Carbon tetrachloride Ethyl alcohol Gasolinec Glycerin Mercury SAE 30 oilc Seawater Water
20 20 15.6 20 20 15.6 15.6 15.6
1,590 789 680 1,260 13,600 912 1,030 999
a
In contact with air. Isentropic bulk modulus calculated from speed of sound. c Typical values. Properties of petroleum products vary. b
Specific Weight, G (kNm3)
Dynamic Viscosity, M (N sm2)
Kinematic Viscosity, N (m2 s)
Surface Tension,a S (Nm)
15.6 7.74 6.67 12.4 133 8.95 10.1 9.80
9.58 E 4 1.19 E 3 3.1 E 4 1.50 E 0 1.57 E 3 3.8 E 1 1.20 E 3 1.12 E 3
6.03 E 7 1.51 E 6 4.6 E 7 1.19 E 3 1.15 E 7 4.2 E 4 1.17 E 6 1.12 E 6
2.69 E 2 2.28 E 2 2.2 E 2 6.33 E 2 4.66 E 1 3.6 E 2 7.34 E 2 7.34 E 2
Vapor Pressure, pv [Nm2 (abs)]
Bulk Modulus,b Ev (Nm2)
E4 E3 E4 E2 E1 — 1.77 E 3 1.77 E 3
1.31 E 9 1.06 E 9 1.3 E 9 4.52 E 9 2.85 E 10 1.5 E 9 2.34 E 9 2.15 E 9
1.3 5.9 5.5 1.4 1.6
Page 2 mac45 Mac 45:1st Shift:
Dynamic Viscosity,
11:39 AM
Specific Weight,
8/27/01
Density,
7708d_covers_02-06
■ TA B L E
Dynamic Viscosity, M (lb sft2)
Kinematic Viscosity, N (ft2 s)
Gas Constant,a R (ft lbslug R)
Specific Heat Ratio,b k
Air (standard) Carbon dioxide Helium Hydrogen Methane (natural gas) Nitrogen Oxygen
59 68 68 68 68 68 68
2.38 E 3 3.55 E 3 3.23 E 4 1.63 E 4 1.29 E 3 2.26 E 3 2.58 E 3
7.65 E 2 1.14 E 1 1.04 E 2 5.25 E 3 4.15 E 2 7.28 E 2 8.31 E 2
3.74 E 7 3.07 E 7 4.09 E 7 1.85 E 7 2.29 E 7 3.68 E 7 4.25 E 7
1.57 E 4 8.65 E 5 1.27 E 3 1.13 E 3 1.78 E 4 1.63 E 4 1.65 E 4
1.716 E 3 1.130 E 3 1.242 E 4 2.466 E 4 3.099 E 3 1.775 E 3 1.554 E 3
1.40 1.30 1.66 1.41 1.31 1.40 1.40
a
Values of the gas constant are independent of temperature. Values of the specific heat ratio depend only slightly on temperature.
b
■ TA B L E
1.8 Approximate Physical Properties of Some Common Gases at Standard Atmospheric Pressure (SI Units)
Gas
Temperature (C)
Density, R (kgm3)
Specific Weight, G (Nm3)
Dynamic Viscosity, M (N sm2)
Kinematic Viscosity, N (m2 s)
Gas Constant,a R (Jkg K)
Specific Heat Ratio,b k
Air (standard) Carbon dioxide Helium Hydrogen Methane (natural gas) Nitrogen Oxygen
15 20 20 20 20 20 20
1.23 E 0 1.83 E 0 1.66 E 1 8.38 E 2 6.67 E 1 1.16 E 0 1.33 E 0
1.20 E 1 1.80 E 1 1.63 E 0 8.22 E 1 6.54 E 0 1.14 E 1 1.30 E 1
1.79 E 5 1.47 E 5 1.94 E 5 8.84 E 6 1.10 E 5 1.76 E 5 2.04 E 5
1.46 E 5 8.03 E 6 1.15 E 4 1.05 E 4 1.65 E 5 1.52 E 5 1.53 E 5
2.869 E 2 1.889 E 2 2.077 E 3 4.124 E 3 5.183 E 2 2.968 E 2 2.598 E 2
1.40 1.30 1.66 1.41 1.31 1.40 1.40
a
Values of the gas constant are independent of temperature. Values of the specific heat ratio depend only slightly on temperature.
b
Page 3 mac45 Mac 45:1st Shift:
Specific Weight, G (lbft3)
11:39 AM
Gas
Temperature (F)
Density, R (slugsft3)
8/27/01
1.7 Approximate Physical Properties of Some Common Gases at Standard Atmospheric Pressure (BG Units)
7708d_covers_02-06
8/27/01
2:25 PM
Page b-3 mac45 Mac 45:1st Shift:
8/27/01
11:39 AM
Page 4 mac45 Mac 45:1st Shift:
■ TA B L E
1.3 Conversion Factors from BG and EE Units to SI Unitsa
Acceleration Area Density Energy Force Length
Mass Power Pressure
Specific weight Temperature Velocity Viscosity (dynamic) Viscosity (kinematic) Volume flowrate a
To Convert from
to
Multiply by
fts2 ft2 lbmft3 slugs ft3 Btu ft lb lb ft in. mile lbm slug ft lbs hp in. Hg 160 °F2 lbft2 1psf2 lbin.2 1psi2 lbft3 °F °R fts mihr 1mph2 lb sft2 ft2 s ft3 s galmin 1gpm2
ms2 m2 kgm3 kgm3 J J N m m m kg kg W W Nm2 Nm2 Nm2 Nm3 °C K ms ms N sm2 m2s m3s m3s
3.048 E 1 9.290 E 2 1.602 E 1 5.154 E 2 1.055 E 3 1.356 4.448 3.048 E 1 2.540 E 2 1.609 E 3 4.536 E 1 1.459 E 1 1.356 7.457 E 2 3.377 E 3 4.788 E 1 6.895 E 3 1.571 E 2 TC 15921TF 32°2 5.556 E 1 3.048 E 1 4.470 E 1 4.788 E 1 9.290 E 2 2.832 E 2 6.309 E 5
If more than four-place accuracy is desired, refer to Appendix A.
7708d_covers_02-06
8/27/01
11:39 AM
Page 5 mac45 Mac 45:1st Shift:
■ TA B L E
1.4 Conversion Factors from SI Units to BG and EE Unitsa
Acceleration Area Density Energy Force Length
Mass Power Pressure
Specific weight Temperature Velocity Viscosity (dynamic) Viscosity (kinematic) Volume flowrate a
To Convert from
to
Multiply by
ms2 m2 kgm3 kgm3 J J N m m m kg kg W W Nm2 Nm2 Nm2 Nm3 °C K ms ms N sm2 m2s m3s m3s
fts2 ft2 lbmft3 slugsft3 Btu ft lb lb ft in. mile lbm slug ft lbs hp in. Hg 160 °F2 lbft2 1psf2 lbin.2 1psi2 lbft3 °F °R fts mihr 1mph2 lb sft2 ft2 s ft3 s galmin 1gpm2
3.281 1.076 E 1 6.243 E 2 1.940 E 3 9.478 E 4 7.376 E 1 2.248 E 1 3.281 3.937 E 1 6.214 E 4 2.205 6.852 E 2 7.376 E 1 1.341 E 3 2.961 E 4 2.089 E 2 1.450 E 4 6.366 E 3 TF 1.8 TC 32° 1.800 3.281 2.237 2.089 E 2 1.076 E 1 3.531 E 1 1.585 E 4
If more than four-place accuracy is desired, refer to Appendix A.
7708d_covers_02-06
■ TA B L E
1.5 Approximate Physical Properties of Some Common Liquids (BG Units) Kinematic Viscosity,
Surface Tension,a
Vapor Pressure,
Bulk Modulus,b
pv [lbin.2 (abs)]
Ev (lbin.2)
E0 E1 E0 E6 E5 — 2.26 E 1 2.26 E 1
1.91 E 5 1.54 E 5 1.9 E 5 6.56 E 5 4.14 E 6 2.2 E 5 3.39 E 5 3.12 E 5
Liquid
Temperature (F)
R (slugsft3)
G (lbft3)
M (lb sft2)
N (ft2s)
S (lbft)
Carbon tetrachloride Ethyl alcohol Gasolinec Glycerin Mercury SAE 30 oilc Seawater Water
68 68 60 68 68 60 60 60
3.09 1.53 1.32 2.44 26.3 1.77 1.99 1.94
99.5 49.3 42.5 78.6 847 57.0 64.0 62.4
2.00 E 5 2.49 E 5 6.5 E 6 3.13 E 2 3.28 E 5 8.0 E 3 2.51 E 5 2.34 E 5
6.47 E 6 1.63 E 5 4.9 E 6 1.28 E 2 1.25 E 6 4.5 E 3 1.26 E 5 1.21 E 5
1.84 E 3 1.56 E 3 1.5 E 3 4.34 E 3 3.19 E 2 2.5 E 3 5.03 E 3 5.03 E 3
1.9 8.5 8.0 2.0 2.3
a
In contact with air. Isentropic bulk modulus calculated from speed of sound. c Typical values. Properties of petroleum products vary. b
■ TA B L E
1.6 Approximate Physical Properties of Some Common Liquids (SI Units)
Liquid
Temperature (C)
Density, R (kgm3)
Carbon tetrachloride Ethyl alcohol Gasolinec Glycerin Mercury SAE 30 oilc Seawater Water
20 20 15.6 20 20 15.6 15.6 15.6
1,590 789 680 1,260 13,600 912 1,030 999
a
In contact with air. Isentropic bulk modulus calculated from speed of sound. c Typical values. Properties of petroleum products vary. b
Specific Weight, G (kNm3)
Dynamic Viscosity, M (N sm2)
Kinematic Viscosity, N (m2 s)
Surface Tension,a S (Nm)
15.6 7.74 6.67 12.4 133 8.95 10.1 9.80
9.58 E 4 1.19 E 3 3.1 E 4 1.50 E 0 1.57 E 3 3.8 E 1 1.20 E 3 1.12 E 3
6.03 E 7 1.51 E 6 4.6 E 7 1.19 E 3 1.15 E 7 4.2 E 4 1.17 E 6 1.12 E 6
2.69 E 2 2.28 E 2 2.2 E 2 6.33 E 2 4.66 E 1 3.6 E 2 7.34 E 2 7.34 E 2
Vapor Pressure, pv [Nm2 (abs)]
Bulk Modulus,b Ev (Nm2)
E4 E3 E4 E2 E1 — 1.77 E 3 1.77 E 3
1.31 E 9 1.06 E 9 1.3 E 9 4.52 E 9 2.85 E 10 1.5 E 9 2.34 E 9 2.15 E 9
1.3 5.9 5.5 1.4 1.6
Page 2 mac45 Mac 45:1st Shift:
Dynamic Viscosity,
11:39 AM
Specific Weight,
8/27/01
Density,
7708d_covers_02-06
■ TA B L E
Dynamic Viscosity, M (lb sft2)
Kinematic Viscosity, N (ft2 s)
Gas Constant,a R (ft lbslug R)
Specific Heat Ratio,b k
Air (standard) Carbon dioxide Helium Hydrogen Methane (natural gas) Nitrogen Oxygen
59 68 68 68 68 68 68
2.38 E 3 3.55 E 3 3.23 E 4 1.63 E 4 1.29 E 3 2.26 E 3 2.58 E 3
7.65 E 2 1.14 E 1 1.04 E 2 5.25 E 3 4.15 E 2 7.28 E 2 8.31 E 2
3.74 E 7 3.07 E 7 4.09 E 7 1.85 E 7 2.29 E 7 3.68 E 7 4.25 E 7
1.57 E 4 8.65 E 5 1.27 E 3 1.13 E 3 1.78 E 4 1.63 E 4 1.65 E 4
1.716 E 3 1.130 E 3 1.242 E 4 2.466 E 4 3.099 E 3 1.775 E 3 1.554 E 3
1.40 1.30 1.66 1.41 1.31 1.40 1.40
a
Values of the gas constant are independent of temperature. Values of the specific heat ratio depend only slightly on temperature.
b
■ TA B L E
1.8 Approximate Physical Properties of Some Common Gases at Standard Atmospheric Pressure (SI Units)
Gas
Temperature (C)
Density, R (kgm3)
Specific Weight, G (Nm3)
Dynamic Viscosity, M (N sm2)
Kinematic Viscosity, N (m2 s)
Gas Constant,a R (Jkg K)
Specific Heat Ratio,b k
Air (standard) Carbon dioxide Helium Hydrogen Methane (natural gas) Nitrogen Oxygen
15 20 20 20 20 20 20
1.23 E 0 1.83 E 0 1.66 E 1 8.38 E 2 6.67 E 1 1.16 E 0 1.33 E 0
1.20 E 1 1.80 E 1 1.63 E 0 8.22 E 1 6.54 E 0 1.14 E 1 1.30 E 1
1.79 E 5 1.47 E 5 1.94 E 5 8.84 E 6 1.10 E 5 1.76 E 5 2.04 E 5
1.46 E 5 8.03 E 6 1.15 E 4 1.05 E 4 1.65 E 5 1.52 E 5 1.53 E 5
2.869 E 2 1.889 E 2 2.077 E 3 4.124 E 3 5.183 E 2 2.968 E 2 2.598 E 2
1.40 1.30 1.66 1.41 1.31 1.40 1.40
a
Values of the gas constant are independent of temperature. Values of the specific heat ratio depend only slightly on temperature.
b
Page 3 mac45 Mac 45:1st Shift:
Specific Weight, G (lbft3)
11:39 AM
Gas
Temperature (F)
Density, R (slugsft3)
8/27/01
1.7 Approximate Physical Properties of Some Common Gases at Standard Atmospheric Pressure (BG Units)
7708d_covers_02-06
8/27/01
2:25 PM
Page b-3 mac45 Mac 45:1st Shift:
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