1.1 Fill In The Blanks In Each Of The Following:

1.1 Fill in the blanks in each of the following: • • • •

The company that brought the phenomenon of personal computing to the world was [Apple]. The computer that made personal computing legitimate in business and industry was the [IBM Personal Computer]. Computers process data under the control of sets of instructions called

[computer programs]. The six logic units of the computer are the [input unit, output unit, memory unit, arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), central processing unit,

secondary storage unit]. • [Time sharing] is a special case of multitasking in which users’ access the •

computer thorough devices called terminals. The three classes of languages discussed in the chapter are [machine, assembly

and high-level languages]. • • • • • •

The programs that translate high-level language programs into machine language are called [compiler]. C is widely known as the development language of the [UNIX] operating system. This book presents the version of C called [Standard] C that was standardized through [ANSIO and ISO]. The [Pascal] language was developed by Wirth for teaching structured programming. The development of Defense developed the Ada language with a capability called [multitasking] which allows programs to specify that many activities can proceed in parallel. Devices form which user’s access timesharing computer system are usually called

[terminal].

•

A computer program that converts assembly-language into machine language is called [assembler].

•

The logical unit of the computer that receives information from outside the computer for use by the computer is called [input unit].

•

The process of instructing the computer to solve specific problem is called

•

What type of computer language uses English-like abbreviation for machine language instructions?[High-level language]

•

Which logic unit of the computer sends information that has already been processed by the computer to various devices, so that it may be used outside the computer? [output unit]

1.2 Fill in the blanks in each of the following sentences about the C environment: • • •

C programs are normally typed into a computer using [editor] program. In a C system, a [preprocessor] program automatically executes before the translation of phase begins. The two most common kinds of preprocessor directives are [including other files in the file to be compiled and replacing special symbols with

program text]. • The [linker] program combines the output of the compiler with various library • •

functions to produce an executable image. The [loader] program transfers the executable image from disk to memory. To load and execute the most recently compiled program on a Linux [system,

type a. out]. • • •

The general name of a program that converts programs written in a certain computer language into machine language is [compiler]. Which logical unit of the computer retains information? [memory unit] Which logical unit of the computer performs calculations? [arithmetic and

logic unit] Which logic unit of the computer makes logic decision? [Arithmetic and logic

Unit] • • • •

The commonly used abbreviation for the computer’s control unit is The level of computer language most convenient (সুিবধা/উপযুক) to the programmer for writing programs quickly and easily is [high-level language]. The only language that a computer can directly understand is called that computer’s [machine language]. Which logic unit of the computer coordinates the activities of all the other logical units? [CPU]

1.3 Categorize each of the following items as either hardware or software: a) b) c) d) e)

CPU [hardware] C Compilers [software] ALU [software] C processor [software] input unit [hardware]

f) a word-processor program[software]

1.7 True or False a) Machine languages are generally machine dependant. b) Time sharing truly runs several users simultaneously on a terminal. c) Like other high-level languages, C is generally considered to be machine independent.