1006800

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8 – 2 库仑定律 一

点 电荷 模型 (d

F21



库仑定 律

SI 制

<< r12)

r12

q1

F21

第八章静电场

q1

r12

− q2

F12 q2

d F12

q1q2 F12 = k 2 e12 = −F21 r12

k = 8.98755 × 10 N ⋅ m ⋅ C 9

2

−2

8 – 2 库仑定律

第八章静电场

q1q2 库仑定律F12 = k e12 = −F21 2 r12 库仑 力遵守 牛顿 第三定 律

• 令

1 k= ( ε 0 为 真空 电容率 ) 4π ε 0 1 −12 2 −1 −2 ε0 = = 8.8542 ×10 C ⋅ N ⋅ m 4π k −12 −1 = 8.8542 ×10 F ⋅ m

 F12 =

1 q1q2 e12 2 4 πε0 r12

8 – 2 库仑定律 .

第八章静电场

例 在氢原 子内 , 电子 和质子 的间 距为 5.3 ×10 −11 m

求它们 之间电 相互 −19 们的 大 −31作用和 万有 引力 , 并比较它 e = 1.6 × 10 C 解 me = 9.1×10 kg 小. −27

G = 6.67 × 10 −11 N ⋅ m 2 ⋅ kg −2

mp = 1.67 ×10 kg 2 1 e −6 Fe = = 8.1× 10 N 2 4π ε 0 r me mp Fg = G 2 = 3.7 × 10-47 N r

Fe 39 = 2.27 ×10 Fg

(微观 领域 中 , 万有 引力比 库仑 力小得 多 , 可忽略不 计.)

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