1. Kinetika Dan Orde Reaksi.pdf

  • Uploaded by: Tri Widagdo
  • 0
  • 0
  • June 2020
  • PDF

This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA


Overview

Download & View 1. Kinetika Dan Orde Reaksi.pdf as PDF for free.

More details

  • Words: 1,296
  • Pages: 11
9/6/2018

Penambahan atau pengurangan konsentrasi reaktan atau hasil reaksi (C) dari suatu reaksi kimia dalam suatu selang waktu (t).

1

9/6/2018

aA + bB + ………  Produk laju reaksinya : laju = -

=-

1

d(A)

a

dt

1

d(B)

b

dt

= ….= k(A)a(B)b….

k adalah konstanta laju







Dari hukum aksi masa, suatu garis lurus dihasilkan bila laju reaksi diplot sebagai fungsi dari konsentrasi reaktan dipangkatkan dengan bilangan tertentu. Order reaksi keseluruhan adalah jumlah pangkat konsentrasi –konsentrasi yang menghasilkan garis lurus tersebut. Order bagi tiap reaktan adalah pangkat dari tiap konsentrasi reaktan.

Laju reaksi diberikan dalam persamaan : -d(CH3COOH)

/ dt = -d(C2H5OH)/ dt =k(CH3COOH)(C2H5OH)

Maka, order reaksi adalah order pertama terhadap asam asetat dan order pertama terhadap etanol, order reaksi keseluruhan adalah order kedua

2

9/6/2018

Aturan kecepatan reaksi order nol, reaksi umumnya adalah : Sebuah reaksi merupakan reaksi order nol jika kecepatan reaksinya tidak tergantung pada konsentrasi bahan / reaktan yang bereaksi. Kecepatan reaksi adalah konstan dan reaksi akan berhenti setelah reaktan pembatas telah habis. “

A→P Ditulis sebagai persamaan : …………1

Integrasi pada kedua sisi akan didapatkan :

…………2

Pada t = 0 konsentrasi A adalah [A]0

…………3

Pada reaksi order satu, kecepatan reaksi proporsional terhadap konsentrasi dari reaktan tunggal yang menyebabkan terjadinya reaksi tersebut.

3

9/6/2018

Integrasi pada persamaan diatas akan didapatkan : Reaksi unimolekular pada reaksi order satu adalah A→P …………6

dimana A adalah reaktan dan P adalah produk Penurunan konsentrasi A pada suatu rentang waktu persamaannya adalah :

Plotting ln[A] atau ln[A] / [A]0 terhadap waktu memberikan sebuah garis lurus dengan slope -k.

…………4

…………5

Kecepatan reaksi order dua proporsional terhadap kuadrat konsentrasi salah satu reaktan, atau konsentrasi produk dari dua reaktan

Kecepatan reaksi dapat dituliskan : ……………..7

Pada reaksi dengan konsentrasi awal A dan B sama, maka : ……………..8

4

9/6/2018

Graphical Methods for Determining Rex’n Order and k

………………9

plotting 1 / [A] vs t menghasilkan garis lurus dengan slop k dan intersep 1 / [A]0

• Rearrange the integrated rate law equations into the form of the equation for a straight line. m = slope b = y-intercept • Set x = t and y = [A]t in each case. Zero Order First Order Second Order

Graphical Methods for Determining Rex’n Order and k

Graphical Methods for Determining Rex’n Order and k

1. Zero Order Reaction

2. First Order Reaction

2 NH3 (g)



N2 (g)

+

3 H2 (g)

2 H2O2 (aq)



2 H2O (l)

+

O2 (g)

5

9/6/2018

Graphical Methods for Determining Rex’n Order and k 3. Second Order Reaction

NO2 (g)



NO (g)

Summary of Rate Equations Reaction Order

+

Rate Law

Rate Equation

Zero Order

-d [A]/dt = k [A]0

[A] = -kt + [A0]

First Order

-d [A]/dt = k [A]1

ln[A] = -kt + ln[A0]

Second Order

-d [A]/dt = k [A]2

1/[A] = kt + 1/[A0]

½ O2 (g)

If plot of [X]

vs t yields a straight line, the reaction is zero order

If plot of ln[X] vs t

yields a straight line, the reaction is first order

If plot of 1/[X] vs t

yields a straight line, the reaction is second order

Half-life and First Order Reactions

Half-life and First Order Reactions

Half-life - The time required for the concentration of a reactant to reach half of the original concentration.

Half-life (t1/2) - The time required for the concentration of a reactant to reach half of the original concentration.

6

9/6/2018



Suatu larutan obat pada saat pembuatan mengandung 500 g/ml. Setelah 40 hari kandungannya tinggal 300 g/ml. Jika peruraian obat tersebut mengikuti order satu, kapan larutan obat tersebut konsentrasinya tinggal setengahnya dari konsentrasi awal ? Penyelesaian :

t1/2 = 0,693 / 0,0128 = 54,2 hari Jadi larutan obat tersebut konsentrasinya tinggal setengahnya setelah 54,2 hari

ln (300 g/ml / 500 g/ml) = -k . 40 hari -0,51 = -k 40 hari k = 0,0128 hari -1

A. Collision Theory - Reactant particles must collide with each other in order for a reaction to occur. • There are three conditions that must be met for a reaction to occur: 1. Reacting molecules must collide with each other.

A. Collision Theory 1. Reacting molecules must collide with each other. • The frequency of collisions is dependent on the concentration of the reactants. As the concentration increases, the number of collisions increase and the probability of reaction increases.

2. Reacting molecules must collide with sufficient energy. 3. Reacting molecules must collide in the proper orientation for rearrangement of the atoms.

7

9/6/2018

A. Collision Theory

A. Collision Theory

1. Reacting molecules must collide with each other. Why are reactant concentrations multiplied in a rate law? Rate = k[A][B] 2 molecules A

A A

2 molecules B

1. Reacting molecules must collide with each other. Why are reactant concentrations multiplied in a rate law? Rate = k[A][B] 2 molecules A

A

B 4 Possible collisions 2x2 B

3 molecules B B B

A

6 Possible collisions 2x3

B

A. Collision Theory

A. Collision Theory

1. Reacting molecules must collide with each other. Why are reactant concentrations multiplied in a rate law? Rate = k[A][B] 3 molecules A

A

3 molecules B B

A

B

A

B

9 Possible collisions 3x3

2. Reacting molecules must collide with sufficient energy. • When molecules collide, they must collide with sufficient energy to break and reform bonds. Activation Energy (Ea) - The minimum energy required for a molecular collision to result in a reaction. CO (g) + NO2 (g)  CO2 (g) + NO (g) Transition State - The arrangement of reacting molecules and atoms at the point of maximum potential energy (Activated Complex).

8

9/6/2018

A. Collision Theory

A. Collision Theory

2. Reacting molecules must collide with sufficient energy. • The fraction of collision with minimum activation energy is given by the equation:

3. Reacting molecules must collide in the proper orientation for rearrangement of the atoms. • The molecules must collide in an orientation the reacting atoms make contact. Orientation Dependent Reaction

Orientation Independent Reaction

2 H (g)  H2 (g)

CO (g) + NO2 (g)  CO2 (g) + NO (g)

B. Arrhenius Equation

A. Collision Theory 3. Reacting molecules must collide in the proper orientation for rearrangement of the atoms.

• Summarizes the tenets of collision theory into an equation that can be used to calculate the rate constant for a reaction.

Frequency Factor (A) -The product of collision frequency (Z) and the orientation probability factor (p). A = Zp

Frequency factor

Fraction of molecules with sufficient energy

R = 8.315 x 10-3 kJ/K•mol T = temperature (K)

9

9/6/2018

Ringkasan B. Arrhenius Equation • Ea can be determined by finding k for a reaction experimentally at several temperatures.

Order Persamaan reaksi diferensial

Persamaan integrasi dan waktu paruh

Nol

[A] = [A]0 – kt

- d[A] / dt = k

Slop Plot linier

Satuan konstanta kecepatan

[A] vs t

-k

mol · L-1 · s-1

ln[A] vs t

-k

s-1

1 / [A] vs t

k

L · mol-1 · s-1

t1/2 = [A]0 /2k

Slope = -Ea/R Take ln and rearrange

Plot linier

Satu

- d[A] / dt = k [A]

[A] = [A]0 e - kt t1/2 = 0,693/k

Dua

- d[A] / dt = k [A]2

1 / [A] = 1 / [A]0 + kt t1/2 = 1 / [A]0 k

Metode grafik Dilakukan dengan ploting data percobaan sehingga didapatkan garis paling linier, yaitu : - Order nol : [A] vs t - Order satu : ln [A] vs t - Order dua : 1/[A] vs t •



Metode Substitusi Dilakukan dengan mensubstitusikan data yang diperoleh dari percobaan pada persamaan integrasi berbagai order reaksi. Order reaksi ditentukan dari persamaan order reaksi yang memberikan harga k konstan.

10

9/6/2018

11

Related Documents


More Documents from ""