07a12301 Process Engineering Principles

Set No. 1

Code No: 07A12301

I B.Tech Regular Examinations, May/Jun 2008 PROCESS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES (Bio-Technology) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆ 1. (a) What are the various unit operations involved in downstream processing? (b) Explain in detail about the various unit operations involved in process industries. [8+8] 2. 17.2 Grams of N2 O4 gas, when heated to 100o C at 720 mm Hg undergoes 90% dissociation according to the equation N2 O4 → 2NO2 . Calculate the volume occupied at 100o C and 720 mm Hg assuming ideal gas law. [16] 3. State and prove Bernoulli’s theorem for incompressible fluid and indicate the corrections necessary for its applications. [16] 4. (a) If the velocity distribution of a fluid over a plate is given by u=(3/4)y-y2 where u is the velocity in metre per sec at a distance of y meters above the plate, determine the shears stress at y=0.15 meters. Take the dynamic viscosity of the fluid as 8.5×10−5 kg-sec/m. (b) Classify the types of fluid.

[8+8]

5. Write briefly on the following : (a) Friction factor chart (b) Velocity distribution in laminar flow (c) Velocity distribution in turbulent flow (d) Indicate the difference between skin friction and form friction.

[4+4+4+4]

6. Explain (a) Drag coefficients of typical shapes (b) Ergun equation.

[8+8]

7. (a) Derive an expression for the pressure difference across two limbs of a differential manometer containing two gauge fluids, mutually immissible. What factors influence the sensitivity? (b) A simple U-tube manometer is installed across an orifice meter. The manometer is filled with mercury (sp. Gravity =13.6) and the liquid above the mercury is carbon tetrachloride (sp. Gravity =1.6). The manometer reads 300 mm. What is the pressure difference over the manometer in Newton’s per square meter? [8+8]

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Set No. 1

Code No: 07A12301

8. (a) Explain the construction and working of a volute pump. Explain its function with neat sketches. (b) A centrifugal pump is to be used to extract water from a condenser in which the vacuum is 640 mm of Hg. At the rated discharge the net positive suction head must be at least 3.0m above the cavitation vapour pressure of 710 mm Hg. If losses in a suction pipe account for a head of 1.5 m. What must be the least height of the liquid level in the condenser above the pump inlet. (c) Discuss briefly about centrifugal pumps. ⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

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[5+6+5]

Set No. 2

Code No: 07A12301

I B.Tech Regular Examinations, May/Jun 2008 PROCESS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES (Bio-Technology) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆ 1. (a) Describe the membrane separation process. (b) What are the various polymeric materials that can be used as membranes in the membrane separation process? [8+8] 2. (a) A steel container has a volume of 200 m3 . It is filled with nitrogen at 220 C and atmospheric pressure. If the container valve is opened and the container heated to 2000 C. Calculate the fraction of the nitrogen which leaves the container. (b) Distinguish between density and specific gravity. (c)

i. Convert 1 poise to British Engineering units and SI units. ii. Convert 1 kw to h.p. iii. Convert 36 mg to grams.

[5+5+6]

3. State and prove Bernoulli’s theorem for incompressible fluid and indicate the corrections necessary for its applications. [16] 4. Enumerate Newtons law of viscosity. Explain the importance of viscosity in fluid motion. What is the effect of temperature on viscosity of water and that of air? [16] 5. (a) Briefly explain Reynold’s number and its importance. (b) Distinguish between laminar flow and turbulent flow Write briefly on the following: i. Friction factor chart ii. Velocity distribution in laminar flow iii. Velocity distribution in turbulent flow.

[6+5+5]

6. A regenerative heater is packed with a bed of 6 mm cubes. The cubes are poured into the cylindrical shell of the regenerator to a depth of 3.5 m such that the bed porosity was 0.44. If air flows through this bed entering at 25o C and 7 atm abs and leaving at 200o C, calculate the pressure drop across the bed when the flow rate is 500 kg/hr per square meter of empty bed cross section. Assume average viscosity as 0.025 cP and density as 6.8 kg/m3 . [16] 7. (a) Water flows through an orifice of 15 mm diameter in a 75 mm at a rate of 600 cm3 /sec. What is the difference in level on a water manometer connected across the orifice? The discharge co-efficient may be taken as 0.62 and the viscosity of water is 1Cp, and density is 1000Kg/m3 . 1 of 2

Set No. 2

Code No: 07A12301

(b) How does a U- tube manometer function and derive an expression for ∆P. [8+8] 8. (a) Discuss in detail the construction and working of a centrifugal pump. (b) Explain the performance curve of a centrifugal pump. ⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

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[8+8]

Set No. 3

Code No: 07A12301

I B.Tech Regular Examinations, May/Jun 2008 PROCESS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES (Bio-Technology) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆ 1. (a) How are bio-chemical reactions different from chemical reactions? (b) Briefly explain the steps in development of a complete bioprocess for commercial manufacture of a new recombinant DNA derived product. [8+8] 2. By electrolysing a mixed brine, a mixture with the following percentage composition (by weight) is obtained at the cathode: Cl2 = 67%; N2 = 28% and O2 = 5%. Using ideal gas law, calculate the following: (a) Composition of the gas by volume. (b) Density of the mixture in kg/m3 at 300 C and 720 mm Hg. (c) Specific gravity of the gas mixture (air = 1.0).

[5+5+6]

3. Briefly explain the following fluid properties (a) Surface tension (b) Capillary rise (c) Specific weight (d) Compressibility (e) Bulk modulus.

[16]

4. Define Viscosity. With a neat sketch explain the principle and working of plate and cone viscometer. [16] 5. (a) Derive Hagen-Poiseuille equation. Explain the significance of the equation. (b) Derive relations for Reynolds number and friction factor.

[10+6]

6. (a) A packed bed of catalyst consisting of spherical particles of 150µ m diameter is subjected to fluidization by using oil of density 900 Kg/m3 . If the density of the particle be 2500 Kg/m3 . Determine the mass flow rate of oil per unit area of bed to initiate fluidization. Porosity of bed =0.48, Dynamic viscosity of oil is 0.003 Pa.s. Assume flow condition to be laminar. (b) Explain term “Terminal settling velocity” of a particle.

[10+6]

7. (a) Derive flow equation for venturimeter. (b) Discuss about the importance and application of vinturi meter in bioprocess industries. [8+8]

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Set No. 3

Code No: 07A12301 8. (a) Write shortnotes on i. Water hammer, and ii. Net positive suction head.

(b) Plot a graph to explain the characteristics of centrifugal pump? ⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

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[8+8]

Set No. 4

Code No: 07A12301

I B.Tech Regular Examinations, May/Jun 2008 PROCESS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES (Bio-Technology) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆ 1. (a) Describe the membrane separation process. (b) What are the various polymeric materials that can be used as membranes in the membrane separation process? [8+8] 2. (a) An empirical equation for calculating the inside heat transfer coefficient, hi , for the turbulent flow of liquids in a pipe is given by: hi = 0.023 G0.8 K 0.67 Cp0.33 /D0.2 µ0.47 where hi = heat transfer coefficient, Btu/(hr)(f t)2 (0 F ) G = mass velocity of the liquid, lbm/(hr)(ft)2 K = thermal conductivity of the liquid, Btu/(hr)(ft)(0 F ) Cp = heat capacity of the liquid, Btu/(lbm)(0 F ) m = Viscosity of the liquid, lbm/(ft)(hr) D = inside diameter of the pipe, (ft). i. Verify if the equation is dimensionally consistent. ii. What will be the value of the constant, given as 0.023, if all the variables in the equation are inserted in SI units and hi is in SI units. (b) Write the dimensions for the following in S.I. i. ii. iii. iv. v.

kg/m3 N/ m3 Watt J/kg m.m.kg.m.s/s.m3 .kg.

(c) Convert 80 degree celcius into degree fahreinheit and 120 degree fahreinheit into centigrade celcius. (d) Calcium carbonate is a naturally occuring white solid used in the manufacture of lime and cement. Calculate the number of lb mols of calcium carbonate in: i. 50 g mol of CaCO3. ii. 150 kg of CaCO3. iii. 100 lb of CaCO3.

[4+4+4+4]

3. (a) Water at 60o C is pumped from a reservoir to the top of a mountain through a 15 cm pipe at a velocity of 3.5 m/s. The pipe discharges into the atmosphere at a level of 1000 m above the level in the reservoir. The pipe itself is 1500 m long. If the overall efficiency of the pipe is 65 %. Calculate the power requirement? 1 of 2

Set No. 4

Code No: 07A12301 (b) Explain the concept of hydrostatic pressure.

[12+4]

4. Describe the concept of velocity profiles of a fluid in between two plates, one is stationary and the other moving with the velocity u. [16] 5. (a) Briefly explain Reynold’s number and its importance. (b) Distinguish between laminar flow and turbulent flow Write briefly on the following: i. Friction factor chart ii. Velocity distribution in laminar flow iii. Velocity distribution in turbulent flow.

[6+5+5]

6. (a) Derive relations for Reynolds number and friction factor and establish the Ergun equation for single-phase flow of fluid through packed bed. (b) A mixture of vapors pass through a packed bed of glass spheres having density 2.4 g/cc each of diameter 0.5 cm. The pressure drop due to the flow is 4000 N/m2 . The height of packed bed is 1.85 m. The density and viscosity of the vapor mixture are 3.8 ×10−3 g/cc and 0.015 cP respectively. Data: Cross sectional area of the packed column tube = 0.09 m2 Bed porosity = 0.4 Find the mass flow rate of the vapor mixture. [8+8] 7. A differential manometer is used to measure the pressure drop in a pipeline conveying methane gas at 20o C and 1 atm pressure. The two liquids in the differential manometer are kerosene (specific gravity 0.82) and water. The inside diameter of the reservoirs and the U-tube manometer are 5cm and 0.5cm respectively. If the reading in the manometer is 15cm, calculate the pressure difference indicated, when the change in levels in the reservoir (a) is neglected and (b) is taken into account.

[8+8]

8. (a) Briefly explain the situation under which vane pumps are used. (b) Explain the construction and working of reciprocating pump and rotary pump. [8+8] ⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

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