07a12301-process-engineering-principles

Set No. 1

Code No: 07A12301

I B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008 PROCESS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES (Bio-Technology) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆ 1. Write short notes on: (a) Specific cake resistance (b) Equivalent cake thickness (c) Filter aid (d) Factors that effect the filtration rate.

[4+4+4+4]

2. (a) Find the molecular formula of butyric acid containing 54.5% carbon, 36.4% oxygen and 9.1% hydrogen, if the density of its vapour relative to hydrogen is 44. (b) Find the molecular formula of substance containing 93.75% C and 6.25 % H2 if the density of the substance relative to air is 4.41. [8+8] 3. Briefly explain the following fluid properties (a) Surface tension (b) Capillary rise (c) Specific weight (d) Compressibility (e) Bulk modulus.

[16]

4. (a) If the velocity distribution of a fluid over a plate is given by u=(3/4)y-y2 where u is the velocity in metre per sec at a distance of y meters above the plate, determine the shears stress at y=0.15 meters. Take the dynamic viscosity of the fluid as 8.5×10−5 kg-sec/m. (b) Classify the types of fluid.

[8+8]

5. (a) Derive Hagen-Poiseuille equation. Explain the significance of the equation. (b) Derive relations for Reynolds number and friction factor.

[10+6]

6. (a) Derive Erguns equation for determining the pressure drop through a packed bed and briefly discuss the application. (b) Draw the drag curves for regular and irregular solid and discuss.

[8+8]

7. (a) With neat diagrams enumerate two types of manometers and mention their applications. 1 of 2

Set No. 1

Code No: 07A12301

(b) Explain with neat sketch gate valve and globe valve.

[8+8]

8. (a) Draw the characteristic curves for a centrifugal pump. (b) What is a positive displacement pump? Describe the working of any one type with neat sketch. [8+8] ⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

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Set No. 2

Code No: 07A12301

I B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008 PROCESS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES (Bio-Technology) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆ 1. What are the various unit operations that are involved in downstream processing? Explain each one of them. [16] 2. A solution contains 40% by weight of ethyl alcohol and 60% by weight of water at 300 C and 1 atm. Its specific gravity is 0.938. Calculate the following: (a) The mole fraction (b) The normality of the solution (c) The molarity of the solution and (d) The molality of the solution.

[5+5+6]

3. Define hydrostatic equilibrium. Express mathematically the condition of hydrostatic equilibrium. [16] 4. (a) If the velocity distribution of a fluid over a plate is given by u=(3/4)y-y2 where u is the velocity in metre per sec at a distance of y meters above the plate, determine the shears stress at y=0.15 meters. Take the dynamic viscosity of the fluid as 8.5×10−5 kg-sec/m. (b) Classify the types of fluid.

[8+8]

5. Write briefly on the following : (a) Friction factor chart (b) Velocity distribution in laminar flow (c) Velocity distribution in turbulent flow (d) Indicate the difference between skin friction and form friction.

[4+4+4+4]

6. (a) A mixture of vapors pass through a packed bed of glass spheres having density 2.4 g/cc each of diameter 0.5 cm. The pressure drop due to the flow is 405 kgf/m2 . The height of packed bed is 1.85 m. The density and viscosity of the vapor mixture are 3.8 ×10−3 g/cc and 0.015 cP respectively. Data: Cross sectional area of the packed column tube = 0.09 m2 Bed porosity = 0.4 Find the mass flow rate of the vapor mixture. Is the bed fluidized? (b) Explain the use of friction factor.

1 of 2

[8+8]

Set No. 2

Code No: 07A12301

7. Draw neat sketch of orificemeter and explain its construction and working principles. [16] 8. (a) Write short notes on: i. Water hammer, and ii. Net positive suction head. (b) Plot a graph to explain the characteristics of centrifugal pump? ⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

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[8+8]

Set No. 3

Code No: 07A12301

I B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008 PROCESS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES (Bio-Technology) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆ 1. (a) Describe a continuous pressure filter. (b) Describe the working of leaf filter.

[8+8]

2. The composition of a gas mixture by weight is given as Cl2 = 70%, H2 = 20% and O2 = 8%. Using ideal gas law, calculate (a) Composition of the gas mixture by volume %. (b) Density of gas mixture in kg/m3 at 300 C and 730 mm Hg. (c) Specific gravity of the gas mixture.

[5+5+6]

3. State and prove Bernoulli’s theorem for incompressible fluid and indicate the corrections necessary for its applications. [16] 4. (a) What is meant by shear thinning and shear thickening fluids? (b) Differentiate between i. liquid and gases. ii. Real fluid and ideal fluids. iii. Specific weight and specific volume of a fluid.

[4+6+6]

5. (a) Define compressible and incompressible flow. (b) What is the relationship between pressure and density of a compressible fluid for i. Isothermal process and ii. Adiabatic process. (c) Derive the contuinity equation for one dimensional compressible flow in differential form. [2+6+8] 6. 7000 kg/hr of air, at a pressure of 7 atm and a temperature of 127o C is to be passed through a cylindrical tower packed with 2.5 cm Berl saddles. The height of the bed is 6 m. What minimum tower diameter is required, if the pressure drop through the bed is not to exceed 500 mm of mercury? For Berl saddles, ∆ p = (1.65 ×105 Z V1.82 ρ 1.85 )/Dp1.4 s 2 where ∆ p is the pressure drop in kgf/cm , Z is the bed height in meter, ρ is the density in g/cc, Dp is nominal diameter of Berl saddles, Vs is the superficial linear velocity in m/sec. [16]

1 of 2

Set No. 3

Code No: 07A12301

7. (a) Explain indetail about the plug clock values and ball values in process industries. (b) What are the importance of check values in process industries and explain its working? [8+8] 8. (a) With the help of neat sketch explain the operation of a centrifugal pump. (b) State the principle and applications of air lift and diaphragm pumps with a neat sketch. [8+8] ⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

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Set No. 4

Code No: 07A12301

I B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008 PROCESS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES (Bio-Technology) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆ 1. (a) What are upstream and downstream processes? Explain the mechanical Cell disruption methods in detail. (b) What are the various filtration equipments used in bioprocess industries? Explain the rotary drum filter in detail. [8+8] 2. (a) A steel container has a volume of 200 m3 . It is filled with nitrogen at 220 C and atmospheric pressure. If the container valve is opened and the container heated to 2000 C. Calculate the fraction of the nitrogen which leaves the container. (b) Distinguish between density and specific gravity. (c)

i. Convert 1 poise to British Engineering units and SI units. ii. Convert 1 kw to h.p. iii. Convert 36 mg to grams.

[5+5+6]

3. State and prove Bernoulli’s theorem for incompressible fluid and indicate the corrections necessary for its applications. [16] 4. (a) If the velocity distribution of a fluid over a plate is given by u=(3/4)y-y2 where u is the velocity in metre per sec at a distance of y meters above the plate, determine the shears stress at y=0.15 meters. Take the dynamic viscosity of the fluid as 8.5×10−5 kg-sec/m. (b) Classify the types of fluid.

[8+8]

5. (a) Describe Reynolds experiment to demonstrate the two types of flow. (b) Water at room temperature flows through a smooth straight pipe A of internal diameter 4cm at an average velocity of 42 cm/sec. Oil flows through another pipe B of internal diameter 12.5 cm at such a velocity that dynamic similarity exists between the two streams. Calculate the velocity through pipe B. (Specific Gravity of oil = 0.85, viscosity of oil = 2 cp and viscosity of water = 1 cp.) [8+8] 6. From the first principles derive Ergun’s equation for the determination of pressure drop in a packed tower and briefly discuss the application. [16] 7. (a) Explain indetail about the plug clock values and ball values in process industries. (b) What are the importance of check values in process industries and explain its working? [8+8] 1 of 2

Set No. 4

Code No: 07A12301

8. (a) Discuss in detail the construction and working of a centrifugal pump. (b) Explain the performance curve of a centrifugal pump. ⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

2 of 2

[8+8]