04 Conjugations
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it'Nt-àkr[m! - Conjugation of Roots to Form Verbs
Conjugation is a process in which a xatu (root) is converted to the final form of the verb i.e. it'Nt àkr[m! Based on the changes that take place during the process of conjugation. There are approximately 2000 roots of
the Samskrit Language that are listed in the xatu paQ>, These are divided into 10 groups, called conjugations. In
English we call them ‘’ Conjugation, for reference. In Samskrit they are called by the xatu (root) that is at the beginning of the group. These are – Conjugation #
Samskrit Name
Root
g[ivkr[m!
I
_vaidg[>
ÉU
zp!
II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X * will be dropped later
Total # of Roots (approx.) 1200
Adaidg[>
Adœ
zp! *
idvaidg[>
idv!
Zyn!
50
tudaidg[>
tudœ
z
50
juhaeTyaidg[> Svaidg[>
÷
su
zp! * îu
éxaidg[>
éx!
îm!
³(aidg[>
³I
îa
tnaeTyaidg[> curaidg[>
tn! cur
%
zp!
450
The roots can be conjugated in 10 + 1 = 11 modes called lkara>, They are – iqt! lkara>
1
Present Tense
vÄRman-kal>
l~qœ
2
Remote Past Perfect Tense
prae] ÉUtkal>
il~qœ
3 4
Periphrastic Future / First Future Tense General / Second / Simple Future Tense
5
Vedic Subjunctive Tense
6
Imperative Mood
An*tn Éiv:yt!kal>
Éiv:yt!-kal>
il'œ
7
9
Imperfect Past Tense 8.a Potential Mood
Conditional Past Mood 10
General / Second / Simple Future Tense
le ~qœ
An*tn ÉUtkal>
l~'œ
8.b Benedictive Mood Simple Past Tense
l&~qœ lae ~qœ
ivXywR>
samaNy ÉUtkal>
speaker
l~uqœ
Aa}awR>
i't! lkara>
Past tense not witnessed by the
Past Tense - not of today
ivixil'œ
AazIilR'œ l~' u œ l&' ~ œ
General past tense
Conjugation is a process in which a xatu (root) is converted to the final form of the verb i.e. it'Nt àkr[m! Based on the changes that take place during the process of conjugation. There are approximately 2000 roots of
the Samskrit Language that are listed in the xatu paQ>, These are divided into 10 groups, called conjugations. In
English we call them ‘
Samskrit Name
Root
g[ivkr[m!
I
_vaidg[>
ÉU
zp!
II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X * will be dropped later
Total # of Roots (approx.) 1200
Adaidg[>
Adœ
zp! *
idvaidg[>
idv!
Zyn!
50
tudaidg[>
tudœ
z
50
juhaeTyaidg[> Svaidg[>
÷
su
zp! * îu
éxaidg[>
éx!
îm!
³(aidg[>
³I
îa
tnaeTyaidg[> curaidg[>
tn! cur
%
zp!
450
The roots can be conjugated in 10 + 1 = 11 modes called lkara>, They are – iqt! lkara>
1
Present Tense
vÄRman-kal>
l~qœ
2
Remote Past Perfect Tense
prae] ÉUtkal>
il~qœ
3 4
Periphrastic Future / First Future Tense General / Second / Simple Future Tense
5
Vedic Subjunctive Tense
6
Imperative Mood
An*tn Éiv:yt!kal>
Éiv:yt!-kal>
il'œ
7
9
Imperfect Past Tense 8.a Potential Mood
Conditional Past Mood 10
General / Second / Simple Future Tense
le ~qœ
An*tn ÉUtkal>
l~'œ
8.b Benedictive Mood Simple Past Tense
l&~qœ lae ~qœ
ivXywR>
samaNy ÉUtkal>
speaker
l~uqœ
Aa}awR>
i't! lkara>
Past tense not witnessed by the
Past Tense - not of today
ivixil'œ
AazIilR'œ l~' u œ l&' ~ œ
General past tense
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