0208

trSw( f 2)? azaz:0g7Dv 2009 ckep S f

tvif;&eH@ *sme,f

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63

tvif;&eH@ *sme,f

trSw( f 2)? azaz:0g7Dv 2009 ckep S f

0rf w¶kwfpD;yGm;a&;[m ESpfpOfysrf;r# 9³6 &mckdifE_ef;eJ@ ESpfaygif;oHk;q,f tajy; wkd;wuf aewm? 'g tHzG,fyÌvufyJ? 2003 eJ@ 2007 =um;rSmukd udef;*%ef;ESpfvkH; wkd;wufr_ (double-digit growth) &cJhygw,f? wzufrSmvnf; pm;okH;olaps;E_ef; t!$ef;udef; (CPI) u wpfESpfukd ESpf&mckdifE_ef;atmuf avsmhusqif;r_ &SdaecJhw,f? w¶kwf[m nd‡E_dif;xdef;csKyfaqmif¶Gufr_awG usifhokH;wJhtcg wufwufºuGºuG tajctae zefwD;,lwwfr_&Sdygw,f? t&ifu jrefqefvGef;wJh pD;yGm;a&;wkd;wufr_ tif*sifyl (overheating) wufvmrSmukd [ef@um;zkd@eJ@ aiGa=u;azmif;yG+yD; ukefaps;E_ef; wufvmrSmukd wm;zkd@twGuf usaemfwkd@ ylyefae=uwm? 'gayr,fh tck tar&du&JŒtusyftwnf;eJ@ ol@aemufu vkdufvmr,fh uaomif;ueif;awGa=umifh t&m&m[m tvsiftjrefukdyJ ajymif;vJoGm;+yD? tar&du eJ@ jyify&JŒ0,fvkdtm;usqif;oGm;wm usaemfwkd@ jrif&w,f? w¶kwf&JŒ jynfwGif;0,fvkd tm;uvnf; umvwkdtwGif; xl;xl;jcm;jcm; jrifhwufvmp&m r&Sdao;ygbl;? 'ga=umifh wkd;wufr_E_ef; aES;auG;usqif;oGm;wmukd pGef@pm;+yD; vkyf&ygr,f? rufc¶kday:vpDeJ@ jyefnd‡+yD; ukdifwG,f&ygr,f? Zm tar&duefjynfaxmifpkrSm pD;yGm;a&;usqif;r_ (recession) qufjzpfae&if/ w¶kwfu quf+yD; wkd;wufEkdifr,fvkd@ xifygovm;? 0rf 'DESpf yxr&SpfvtwGuf pm&if;tif;awGt&/ wkd;wufr_ukd usaemfwdk@ vkyfEkdif cJhygw,f? okd@aomf tar&du&JŒ xkdif;r_dif;usqif;r_[m w¶kwfpD;yGm;a&;tay:rSm tusKd; oufa&mufr_&Sdw,fqkdwmuawmh taotcsmygyJ? vGefcJhwJhq,fESpfu w¶kwf-tar&duefukefoG,fr_[m 102³6 bDvD,H a':vm &SdcJhwm? uae@ udef;*%ef;u 302 bDvD,H a':vmtxd jrifhcJh+yD;/ wpfqcGJ wufvmcJh w,f? tck tar&duef0,fvt dk m; usK@H omG ;wmu w¶kwyf @dk uek af wGtay:rSm aocsmayguf *,uf¶u dk Ef idk w f mayg?h tar&duefb¾ma&;[m w¶kwb f ¾ma&;eJ@ eD;eD;uyfuyf qufpyf aew,f? tar&duefaiGa=u;u¾rSm wpfckckrSm;+yDqkd&if/ w¶kwft&if;tESD;vkHòcHr_twGuf usaemfwkd@rSm pkd;&drfp&mawG&Sdvm+yD? Zm w¶kwu f tar&dueftpk;d &xkwf aiGpv k ufrw S f Treasure bills awG trsm;qk;H ukdifxm;=uw,f? wpfx&DvD,H a':vmwefzkd;eD;yg;avmuf &Sdr,f? tJ'Dhtaetxm;ukd wenf;enf;eJ@vufeufwpfckvkd w¶kwfu b,fawmhrS tokH;rðyygbl;vkd@ tar&duef awGukd 0ef}uD;csKyfu tmrcHEkdifyghrvm;?

64

trSw( f 2)? azaz:0g7Dv 2009 ckep S f

tvif;&eH@ *sme,f

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65

tvif;&eH@ *sme,f

trSw( f 2)? azaz:0g7Dv 2009 ckep S f

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66

trSw( f 2)? azaz:0g7Dv 2009 ckep S f

tvif;&eH@ *sme,f

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tvif;&eH@ *sme,f

trSw( f 2)? azaz:0g7Dv 2009 ckep S f

Zm 'g t+rD;tarmufrwnfhwhJ 0da&m"dvkd@ vlawGuawmh xifwmyJ? ESpfckpvHk; tvkyfjzpfatmif b,fvkdvkyfrvJ? 0rf rufc¶kdtDaumaemfrpf vrf;!$efcsufeJ@ tpkd;&&JŒ pnf;urf;Oya'xdef;csKyfr_ atmufrSm &if;jrpfcGJa0r_qkdif&m aps;uGuftiftm;pk tajccHtcsufawGukd tjynfht0 upm;Ekdifatmif ay;xm;yg? jrifEkdifaomvwfeJ@ rjrifEkdifaomvuf (the visible and the invisible hand) ESpfckpvkH;ukd tjynfht0 upm;zkd@ ay;&mrSm aocsmygap? cifAsm;om ‘t'rfprpf’eJ@ &if;ESD;u|rf;0if&if ol&JŒ ausmf=um;wJh wifjycsuf ESpcf k &Sw d ,fqw dk m cifAsm;odvrd rhf ,f? ol@&ŒJ ‘Ekid if rH sm;&JŒ"e’ pmtkyu f aps;uGut f iftm;pk awGukd tpkd;&u 0ifrukdifbJ ol@bmomv$wfay;&if ‘rjrifEkdifwJhvuf’ u tvkyf vkyf oGm;r,fqkdwm ajymxm;w,f? ol@&J@ tjcm;pmtkyfrSmu vlr_wef;wlnDr#r_ (social equity and justice) ukd ukid w f , G x f m;w,f? tJ'h g qk&d , S v f pfvidk ;f yJ? vlawGt=um;rSm "ejzef@a0zk@d &mrSm tpk;d & &JŒ 0ifa&mufxdef;nd‡a&;u¾ ta&;ygykHukd tav;teuf ajymxm;chJw,f? wkdif;jynf wpfjynf&JŒ "etrsm;pkukd vlenf;pkvufxJrSmom pkatmxm;&if/ tJ'Dhwkdif;jynf nD!Gwf wnf+idrfzkd@ cufr,f? Zm tcsKdŒ tar&duefawGeJ@ Oa&myom;awG/ txl;ojzifh vl@tcGifhta&; apmifh =unfh avhvmolawGu w¶kw[ f m +yD;cJw h EhJ pS af wGrmS vl@tcGit hf a&;awG csK;d azmufcw hJ ,f? tkdvHypf[m yGifhvif;r_ukd OD;wnfvdrfhr,fvkd@ ar#mfvifhcJh=uayr,fh zdESdyfr_awGom ykdrsm;cJh w,fvkd@ olwkd@u ajymygw,f? cifAsm;b,fvkd wkef@jyefrvJ? 0rf tkdvHypfukd tdrf&Siftjzpf vufcHusif;yjcif;tm;jzifh w¶kwf[m ykd+yD;yGifhvif; vmcJhw,f? bufrvkdufwJholawGqkd 'gukd jrifygw,f? vGwfvyfpGmajymqkdcGifheJ@ rD'D,m owif;ykd@r_awGukd w¶kwfrSm tcGifhay;xm;ygw,f? vl@tcGifhta&;umuG,fzkd@eJ@ ta&; ygr_ukd w¶kwftpkd;& zufwG,fxm;ygw,f? w¶kwftajccHOya'xJrSm 'gawG usaemfwkd@ azmfjyxm;wmyJ? tifwkduftm;wkdufvnf; taumiftxnfazmfoGm;ygr,f? vl@tcGifhta&;t&qkd&if usaemfwkd@[m ajcmufjypfuif;awGawmh r[kwfyg bl;? tcsKdŒa'o/ wcsKdŒae&mawGrSm usaemfwkd@ rSm;cJh+yD; jy\emawG &Sdygw,f? b,fvkdyJ jzpfjzpf/ a&SŒquf+yD; wkd;wufr_awG&Sdatmif usaemfwkd@vkyfrSmyg? Zm usaemf w¶kwfukdoGm;wJhtcg/ wnf;wJh[kdw,frSm usaemfhuGefysLwmxJukd “wD,efeefrifpuG, J m;” qkw d J ph um;vk;H awG ¶ku d x f nf&h if euf0yfcv f òHk cHa&;t& wm;jrpfr_

68

trSw( f 2)? azaz:0g7Dv 2009 ckep S f

tvif;&eH@ *sme,f

a=umifh rawG@&bl;? vlawG ajymae=uwJh w¶kwf&JŒ r[mowif;uGef,uf [ef@wm;r_wHwkdif; (The Great Firewall of China) u bmvJ? owif;vGwfvyfr_ r&Sd&if tqifhjrifhvl@tzGJ@tpnf; cifAsm;wkd@ jzpfEkdifygrvm;?

(Firewall)

0rf tckw¶kwfrSm tifwmeuftokH;ðyol oef; 200 ausmf &Sdygw,f? w¶kwf&JŒ tifwmeufvw G v f yfru _ dk taemuftygt0if trsm;u todtrSwðf yygw,f? Ekid if aH wmf vkHòcHa&;ukd xdef;odrf;umuG,fzkd@/ urBmhwkdif;jynftrsm;pkvkdyJ w¶kwfrSmvnf; oifhwifhwJh uef@owfwm;jrpfr_tcsKdŒ vkyf&ygw,f? w¶kwf&JŒ tifwmeufay:rSm tpkd;&eJ@ywfouf+yD; vkH;0 ta&;yg tc&muswJh &mxl;&Sdol tawmfrsm;rsm;ukd cifAsm; xdawG@Ekdifygw,f? tifwmeufay:uae a0zef t}uHðywmawGzwf+yD; jy\emawGukd odEdkifzkd@ usaemfwkd@ óud;pm;w,f? aemuf+yD; usaemfwkd@ tvkyfukd wkd;wufatmif vkyfw,f? pepfwpfck okd@r[kwf tpkd;&wpfck[m a0zefwJh tjrift,ltqawGukd ra=umufoifhbl;vkd@ usaemfxifygw,f? Zm

cifAsm; tESpfoufqkH; (sites) awGu bmvJ?

0rf

usaemf0ufbfqkdufawmfawmfrsm;rsm; av#mufzwf=unfhygw,f?

Zm 1989 wD,efeefrifpuGJ,m;rSm cifAsm;&JŒ"gwfykH&Sdygw,f? tJh'D jy\em ukdif wG,f&mrSm cifAsm;tawG@tóuHawGuae bmoifcef;pmxkwfEkdifcJhovJ? EkdifiHa&;ðyjyif ajymif;vJra_ wG &yfypfz@dk vkt d yfw,fv@dk aum rcHpm;cJ&h bl;vm;? aemuf 25 ESpf us&ifa&m w&m;r#wpGm òydifqkdifEkdifr,fh trsKd;om;a¶G;aumufyGJjzpfvmr,fvkd@ xifygovm;? 0rf pD;yGm;a&;ðyjyifajymif;vJr_awG qufoGm;ae&if; EkdifiHa&;ðyjyifajymif;vJr_vnf; wkd;jr‡ifhvkyfaqmifzkd@vkdw,fqkdwmukd usaemfwkd@ ,kH=unfygw,f? bma=umifhvJqkdawmh usaemfwkd@&JŒ zGH@òzd;a&;vkyfief;[m obm0tm;jzifh us,fjyef@avawmh ðyjyifa&;vkyfief; [mvnf; us,fjyef@&rSmaygh? usaemfxifygw,f/ cifAsm;ar;cGef;&JŒt"dutcsufu w¶kwf&JŒ 'Drkdua&pDzGH@òzd;r_ta=umif; r[kwfvm;? w¶kwf&JŒ 'Drkdua&pDwkd;wufr_eJ@ywfoufvm&if e,fy,fokH;ckrSm wkd;wufr_ vkdao;wJhta=umif; usaemfwkd@ ajymEkdifygw,f? (1) EkdifiHawmftm%mukd jynfolawG trSefwu,f ykdifqkdifzkd@eJ@ EkdifiHawmftm%mukd jynfolvlxktusKd;tokH;ðyzkd@twGuf 'Drkdu&ufwpfa¶G;aumufyGJpepf ykHrSefwkd;wuf atmif vkyfzkd@ usaemfwkd@rSm vkdtyfygw,f?

69

tvif;&eH@ *sme,f

trSw( f 2)? azaz:0g7Dv 2009 ckep S f

(2) Oya't& wkdif;jynfukd aqmif¶GufpDrHEkdifr,fh vGwfvyf+yD; r#wwJh w&m;pD&ifa&;pepf &Sdr,fh Oya'pepf (legal system) awG wkd;wufatmifvkyfzkd@ usaemfwkd@ vkdtyfygw,f? (3) tpkd;&[m jynfolvlxk&JŒ owdrlapmifh=unfhr_ukd cH,loifhygw,f? 'DtwGuf tpkd;& udpPawGrSm rxdefcsefwJhyGifhvif;r_ (transparency) jr‡ifhwif=u&r,f? owif; rD'D,meJ@ tjcm;ygwDtzGJ@awG&JŒ apmifh=unfha0zefr_ukd tpkd;& vufcHEkdifzkd@ vkdtyfygao;w,f? w¶kwf&JŒtrsKd;om;a&;tajctaeawG xnfhpOfpm;zkd@ vkdtyfygw,f? w¶kwf jynf&JŒ xl;jcm;wJhoGifjyifvuQ%m&yfawGeJ@ avsmfnDr,fhpepfwpfck csEkdifzkd@vkdr,f? ykHrSef wkd;wufr_&Sdr,fh csOf;uyfr_rsKd;vJ jzpf&ygr,f? aemuf 25 ESpfrSm bmjzpfrvJqkdwm cef@rSef;zkd@ usaemfhtwGuf cufygw,f? w¶kwf'Drkdua&pD[m quf+yD;wkd;wufaer,fqkdwmawmh usaemf,kH=unfygw,f? vmr,fh ESpf 20/ 30 rSm w¶kwfvl@tzGJ@tpnf;[m 'Drkdu&ufwpf ykdjzpfvm+yD;/ r#wwJh w&m;a&;pepfawG &Sdvmygvdrfhr,f? usaemfwkd@jrifwJh qkd&S,fvpf0g'[m ykd&ifhusuf+yD; wkd;wufr_awG &Sdvmygvdrfhr,f? Zm cifAsm;[m *syefpepfukd avhvmaew,fvkd@ ajymae=uw,f? bma=umifhvJ qkdawmh *syefrSm 'Drkdua&pD&Sdayr,fh/ ygwDwpfckxJuyJ a¶G;aumufyGJawGrSm Ekdifaevkd@yJ? 'g w¶kwftwGuf cifAsm;jrifcsifwJh armf',fvfvm;? 0rf urBmhay:rSm 'Drkdua&pDykHpHtrsKd;rsKd; &Sdygw,f? ta&;}uD;wmu jynfol@tusKd; pD;yGm;ukd trSefwu,f ukd,fpm;ðyovm;qkdwmyJ? usaemfem;vnfxm;wJh qkd&S,fvpf 0g'[m 'Drkdua&pDpepfwpfckyJ? tJh'D 'Drkdua&pDrSm yxrOD;qkH; 'Drkdu&ufwpf a¶G;aumuf yGJawGeJ@ qkH;jzwfcsufcsr_awGrSm jynfolvlxkrSm tcGifhta&; &Sd&r,f? vGwfvyfr_eJ@ w&m; r#wr_&SdwJh ywf0ef;usifrSm vlawG olwkd@bmom bufpkHe,fy,fpkH zGHòzd;vmatmif tJh'Dvkd 'Drkdua&pDu ulnDay;Ekdifw,f? tJh'Dvkd 'Drkdua&pD[m t&nftaoG;jynfhrDwJh Oya'pepf tay:rSmom tajccH&r,f? Zm 0ef}uD;csKyf[m rm;aumhpfatm&D;vD,yfpfh (Marcus Aurelius) ta=umif; t}udrfwpf&mavmuf zwfzl;w,fvkd@ ajymzl;w,f? ol[m a&mrtifyg,m&SifeJ@ pwkd; tpf zDavmfaqmfzmyJ? ol@ta=umif; usaemfzwfzl;wJhtwkdif;qkd&if vlwpfa,muf b,fvkdudpPtvkyfrsKd;ukd aqmif¶Gufonfjzpfap rdrdukd,fusKd;twW av#mhcs&r,f? a'o vl@tzGJ@tpnf;wpfckvkH;tay:rSm ykday;qyf&r,fvkd@ qkdxm;w,f? 'Dae@&ufawGrSm usaemf w¶kwfjynfoGm;awmh awG;rdwm &Sdw,f? wpfOD;csif; a&SŒ¶_r_ t,ltq (individualism) w¶kwfrSm b,favmuf rsm;ae+yDvJ? t&if;&Sifpepf &JŒ rsm;rsm;xkwf jrefjrefpm;okH;r_0g' (consumerism) b,favmufrsm;ae+yDvJvkd@? 70

trSw( f 2)? azaz:0g7Dv 2009 ckep S f

tvif;&eH@ *sme,f

cifAsm;taeeJ@ w¶kwfvlxkukd ukd,fhta=umif;ukd,f awG;wmawGukd av#mhzkd@/ vl@tzGJ@ tpnf;eJ@ ywf0ef;usifta=umif; rsm;rsm;awG;zkd@ pum;yg;wmrsm; &Sdygovm;? 0rf tcsdefumv awmfawmfrsm;rsm;rSm rm;aumhpfatm&D;vD,yfpf&JŒ tawG; tac:awG usaemfzwfcJhw,fqkdwm rSefygw,f? ola&;cJhwJh pum;vkH;awGtay: usaemf tawmfhukd pGJpGJvrf;vrf; jzpfcJhygw,f? usaemf[m usifh0wfoduQmtay: tvGef@ukd wefzkd; xm;+yD;/ pGef@OD;wDxGifvkyfief;&SifawG/ pD;yGm;a&;ynm&SifawGeJ@ EkdifiHacgif;aqmif pwmawG [m ukd,fusifhpm&dwWeJ@ usifh0wfeDwdawGukd trsm;}uD; tm¶kHpkdufoifhw,fqkdwmukd av;av;eufeuf ,kH=unfolyJ? usaemfph w d x f rJ mS pm&dweW @J usi0hf wfew D u d dk wkid ;f wmzk@d tjrifrh m;qk;H pHu w&m; r#wr_ (justice) yJ? usaemfwkd@ pD;yGm;a&;ta=umif; awG;&if ukr`%D/ t&if;/ aps;uGuf/ enf;ynm pwmawGyJ ykdawG;=uw,f? cH,lcsufwkd@/ usifh0wfeDwdwkd@vkd tajccHtcsuf awGukd arhypfvkduf=uw,f? tJh'D rsufESmpm ESpfzufukd aygif;pyfEkdifrSomvsif/ pD;yGm;a&;&JŒ rSefuefwJh ¶kyfykH ukd usaemfwkd@ &Ekdifr,f? w¶kwfpD;yGm;a&;zGH@òzd;r_vrf;a=umif;rSm tcsKdŒukr`%DawG[m pm&dwWusifh0wfawG paw;ypf+yD; tjrwfaemufyJ waumufaumufvkdufaew,fqkdwm rSeyf gw,f? 'grsK;d ukd usaemfw@dk b,fawmhrS cGirhf ðyygb;l ? bma=umifv h q J &dk if 'Dvedk nf;vrf; [m a&&nf xdef;rxm;Ekdifbl;qkdwm &Sif;aevkd@ygyJ? 'ga=umifhrkd@ aumfykda&;&Sif;/ tvkyf tukdifeJ@ vlr_usifh0wfeDwdawGukd aygif;pyf&ygw,f? Zm aemufqkH; ar;cGef; ar;yg&ap? cifAsm; tar&duefa¶G;aumufyGJukd apmifh=unfh aew,f? tJh'D xl;jcm;wJhòydifyGJtwGuf cifAsm;&JŒ wkef@jyefr_u bmvJ? 0rf tar&duefjynfaxmifpk&JŒ orwa¶G;aumufyGJukd tar&duefjynfolawGuyJ qkH;jzwfoifhygw,f? usaemfvkyf&r,fh[mu a¶G;aumufyGJt+yD; w¶kwfeJ@ tar&du&JŒ qufqaH &; b,fvadk qmif¶u G rf vJqw dk myJ? r=umrDEpS af wGu w¶kwf tar&duef qufqH a&;rSm tckdiftrm wkd;wufaumif;rGefr_awG &Sdygw,f? b,fol@ukdyJ orwa¶G;a¶G;/ orwjzpfvmol[m w¶kwfeJ@qufqHa&; ykd wkd;wufatmif vkyf&ygvdrfhr,f? +yD;awmh w¶kwf[m tar&duefjynfaxmifpkeJ@ qufqH a&; wkd;wufaumif;rGefzkd@ ar#mfvifh+yD;om;rkd@ b,folorwjzpfjzpf udpPr&Sdygbl;? ÐÐÐÐÐ rl&if;

From Newsweek (October 6, 2008)

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