013 - Partesoneyawekautpyaw 1990

1990 jynfhESpf/ arv (27)&ufae@wGif usif;ycJhonfh

ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxG a¶G;aumufyGJ rSwfwrf;

cifausmf[ef jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f/ a&eHacsmif; (2)

jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tzGJ@ (jrefrmEdkifiH)

pkpnf;jyKpkwifjyonf? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;& jyef=um;a&;aumfrwDrS xkwfa0onf? -1-

“ 1990 ckESpfwkef;u jynfolvlxkuae+yD;awmh wm0efauscJhw,fqkdwm/ usrwkd@ t&ifuvnf; ajymbl;ygw,f// bmjzpfvkd@vJqkdawm/h usrwkd@ekdifiHeJ@ EdkifiHujynfolvlxkeJ@ wjcm;'Drkdua&pDtwGufv_yf&Sm; &kef;uefae&wJhEdkifiHu jynfolvlxkeJ@pmvkd@&Sd&if usrwkd@&J@vlxk[m EdkifiHa&;t&tifrwefrS&ifhusufw,fvkd@ usrwkd@owfrSwf&rSmyg// bmjzpfvkd@usrwkd@'DvkdajymvJqkdawmh/ usrwkd@&J@EdkifiH 'Drkdua&pDvkdcsifwJhjynfolvlxk [m/ 'Drkdua&pDukd&,lay;EdkifwJhtzGJ@wckukdaxmufcHr,f/ yHhykd;r,f/ 'DvkdvkyfrS usrwkd@&J@'Drkdua&pD[mwkd;wuf ekdifr,fqkdwmukdjrifw,f// [kdtzGJ@udkay;/ 'DtzGJ@ay;/ usrwkd@&J@EdkifiHa&;ygwDawGtrsm;}udD;&Sdygw,f// tJ'Dawmh ekdifiHa&;ygwDawGtrsm;}uD;&SdwJhtxJrSm tJ'DEdkifiHa&;ygwDawGrSmvnf; rdrdwkd@&J@wefbkd;eJ@rdrdwkd@&Sd+yD;om;yg// okd@aomfvnf; jynfolvlxk[m 'DvkdrJawG[mjyef@oGm;vkd@&Sd&if 'Drkdua&pDtwGufepfemEdkifw,fqkdwm em; vnfvdk@/ rJawGukdrjyef@apbJeJ@/ usrwkd@trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyftwGuf rJay;cJhw,fqkdwm/ 'g jynfolvlxk taeeJ@ xkdfufxkdufwefwefvkyfcJhw,fvk@d usr'Dvkdajym&rSmbJ? 'g EdkifiHa&;&ifhusufr_ukdjyw,fvkd@ usruawmh ,kH}unfw,f// bmjzpfvkd@vJqkdawmh usrwkd@ 'D (82)&mcdkifE_ef;&wmukdawmifrS tm%mrv$Jay;wm/ usrwkd@ rsm;om (50)&mcdkifE_ef;/ wnf;wnf;av;&w,fqkdvkd@&Sd&if b,favmufykd+yD;awmhtcuftcJjzpf&rvJqkdwm pOf;pm;}unfh/ usrwkd@&J@tzGJ@[m 'Dvkdwcgwnf;(80)&mckdifeKef;ausmfeJ@EdkifcJhvkd@vnf; wurBmvkH;utodtrSwf jyK&w,f// b,fvkdrS urBmukdrsufvSnfhjy+yD;awmh trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyfukd jynfolvlxku a&G;aumufyGJ wkef;u tm;ay;wmr[kwfygbl;/ wnf;wnf;uav;ekdifwmygvkd@rajymEdkifbl;// 'gukdawmifrS rJu(60)&mckdif E_ef;bJ&Sdygw,f// bmw,f/ nmw,fqkd+yD;awmh/ trsdK;rsdK;ajymbkd@}udK;pm;wmawG tck&Sdaewmod}uwmbJ// 'DavmufawmifrS jywfjywfom;om;ekdifxm;vkd@ 'Davmufolwkd@ajymEdkifwm? tJvdkom usrwkd@om jywfjywf owfowfrEdkifcJhvdk@¶Sd&if trsdK;rsdK;wcgwnf; rsufvSnfhuGufawGeJ@vkyftkH;r,f// urBmukdvnf;vSnfhpm;bkd@/ usr wkd@jynfolvlxkukdvnf;vSnfhpm;bkd@vkyfrSmjzpfw,f// tJawmh vlxktaeeJ@ 1990 ckESpfwkef;u 'Drkdua&pD udk&,lay;Edkifw,fvkd@ jynfolvlxku,kH}unfwJhtzGJ@tpnf;ukd ekdifiHa&;&ifhusufwJhtjrifeJ@rJay;cJhwm[mawmh wm0efausygw,f// xkdufxkdufwefwefeJ@vkyfcJhwmbJvkd@ usrajymcsifygw,f// ” a':atmifqef;pk=unf 1999 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (2)&ufae@// trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf(A[dkXmecsKyf)

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“rmwdum” (1) jrefrmEdkifiHESifha¶G;aumufyGJrsm;? (2) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmf ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ? (3) 1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifwGifrSwfyHkwifcJhonfh EdkifiH a&;ygwD tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;? (4) a¶G;aumufyGJcHk¶Hk;rsm;wGif uef@uGuv f $mwifoGif;jcif;ESifh ppfaq;jcif;? (5) 1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onfh jynfol@ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;. udk,fa&;tusOf;? (6) jynfyodk@xGufcGmvmonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;? (7) ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&SifOya' (EkdfifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnf aqmufa&;tzGJ@ Oya'trSwf 1§88) 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv 21 &uf? (8) EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfykHwifjcif;Oya' (EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJŒ Oya'trSwf 4§88 ) 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (27)&uf? (9) toif;tzGJ@rsm; zGJ@pnf;jcif;qdkif&m Oya' (EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ Oya'trSwf 6§88) 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv 30 &uf? (10) jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya' (EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ Oya'trSwf 14§98) 1989 ckESpf/ arv 31 &uf? (11) jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya'udkjyifqifonfhOya' (EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&; tzGJ@ Oya'trSwf 10§91) 1991 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv 10 &uf? (12) EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@trdef@ (trdef@trSwf 4§91) 1991 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv 10 &uf? (jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya'yg +idrf0yfydjym;r_qdkif&mjypfr_ESifh tusifhpm&dwWysufjym;r_ESifh ywfoufaomjypfr_rsm;udk owfrSwfonfhtrdef@?) (13) jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwD (14) 2002 ckESpf/ arv (27)&ufae@wGifusif;yjyKvkyfaom trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ(12)ajrmufESpfywfvnfae@tcrf;tem;wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unfajym=um;onfh rdef@cGef;? (15) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 2003 ckESpf/ arv (27)&ufae@wGifusa&mufaom (13)ESpfajrmuf ygwDpHk 'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJa=unmpmwrf;? a=unmcsuftrSwf - 5 (5§03) (16) trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ a=unmcsuf? 2004 ckESpf/ arv (27)&uf?

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“trSmpm” “1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJrSwfwrf;”pmtkyftm; rdrdwwfpGrf;or# tcsuftvufrsm;¶SmazGpkpnf;I jyKpkxm;ygonf? ,cif “jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwD/ ordkif;0if rSwfwrf;rSwf&mrsm; (1998-2003)”pmtkyfjyKcJh+yD;aemuf ,ckpmtkyfrSm 'kwd,ajrmufjzpfygonf? ordkif;0if 90 jynfha¶G;aumufyGJESifhywfoufonfhtcsuftvufrsm; taysmufysufap&ef rSwfwrf; wifxm;jcif;jzpfygonf? ESpfumv=umvmonfESifhtr# tcsdK@tcsuftvufrsm;a00g;ae=uonfudk awG@ae& ygonf? Oyrm ² ² ² “rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@”(Mon National Democratic Front)tm; owif;rD'D ,mrsm;/ pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;ESifh tcsdK@a¶G;aumufcHjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;u rGeftrsdK;om;wyfOD; [kvnf;aumif;/ rGef'Drdku&ufwpfwyfOD;[kvnf;aumif; vGJrSm;pGm ajymqdk/ a&;om;/ xkwfv$ifhae=uonf rsm; r=uc%}uHKawG@ae&ygonf? jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;ordkif;wGif ESpaf ygif;(30)twGif; yxrqHk;usif;yonfh ygwDpHka¶G;aumufyGJjzpfonfh tjyif jynfwGif;rSa&m/ jynfyrSyg vGwfvyfIw&m;r#wonfh a¶G;aumufyGJjzpfonf[k owfrSwfcJh=uygonf? 0rf;enf;zG,faumif;onfrSm a¶G;aumufyGJusif;y+yD;cJhonfrSm (14)ESpfausmfwdkifcJh+yDjzpfaomfvnf; ,ae@xufwdkif jynfolvlxkrSa¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufay;vdkufonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;xH a¶G;aumufyGJudk}uD;rª;usif;yay;cJhonfh ppftkyfpkrS tm%mv$Jajymif;ray;ao;jcif;jzpfygonf? xdkodk@ tm%mv$Jajymif;ray;ao;onfhtjyif vlxkudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tm; ta=umif;trsdK;rsdK;jyI enf;rsdK;pHkjzifh zdESdyf/ csKyfcs,f/ uef@owf/ ydwfyif/ zrf;qD;/ axmifcsaeonfhjyif rusL;vGefonfhjypfr_rsm;qifI *k%foduQmnd‡K;EGrf;usqif;atmif/ EdkifiHa&;oduQmcs&ef tpOfwpdkufvkyfaqmifcJhygonf? Tpmtkyfudk t"dutm;jzifh 1992 ckESpf/ rwfvwGifxkwfa0cJhonfh jrefrmhtvif;atmifoef;. “1990 jynfh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJrSwfwrf;”tm; tajccHIjyKpkxm;jcif;jzpfygonf? owif; Xmersm;rS xkwfv$ifhcsufrsm;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrSxkwfjyefonfh a=unmcsufrsm;/ owif;pmapmif rsm;rS tcsuftvufrsm; ¶SmazGpkpnf;I jyKpkxm;jcif;jzpfygonf?

cifausmf[ef jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tzGJ@(jrefrmEdkifiH)

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“jrefrmEdkifiHESifh a¶G;aumufyGJrsm;?” 19 &mpkaESmif;ydkif;ESpfrsm;onf jrefrmEdkifiHtzdk@ uHqdk;rdk;arSmifusaomESpfrsm;jzpfcJhonf? ,if;ESpfrsm; wGif jrefrmEdkifiHonf e,fcsJ@usL;ausmfppfyGJrsm;udk ckcHwdkufcdkufcJh&onf? 1824 ckESpfwGif t*Fvdyf-jrefrm yxrppfyGJjzpfyGm;cJhonf? xdkpOfu jrefrmEdkifiHwGif ukef;abmifrif; quf b}uD;awmfrif;w&m; xD;eef;pHv#uf¶Sdonf? 1825 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&DvwGif &EWydk¶GmYjyKvkyfaom ppfajy +idrf;pmcsKyft& t*Fvdyf-jrefrm yxrppfyGJ+yD;qHk;cJhonf? t*Fvdyftpdk;&uawmif;qdkaom ppfav#mfa=u;aiG (wpfukaÉ)ESifh &cdkifESifhweoFm&De,frsm;udk ay;tyfcJh&onf? 1852 ckESpfwGif t*Fvdyf-jrefrm 'kwd,ppfyGJjzpfyGm;cJhonf? xdktcsdefwGif jrefrmEdkifiHY yk*Hrif;tkyfpdk; aecsdefjzpfonf? t*Fvdyfwdk@u ta=umif;trsdK;rsdK;jy+yD;/ &efukef+rdK@udkausmfI jynf+rdK@txuf ajrxJ (atmifvH)+rdK@txd csDwufv#uf e,fajrrsm;udk odrf;,lcJhonf? xdktcsdefwGif yk*Hrif;eef;us+yD; rif;wkef;rif; eef; wufvmcsdefjzpfonf? rif;wkef;rif;u t*FvdyfESifhppfajy+idrf;cJh+yD; txufjrefrmjynftxd wdkufcdkufodrf;ydkuf vmEdkifonfh t*Fvdyfppfwyf.tEW&m,fudkwm;qD;EdkifcJhonf? atmufjrefrmjynfwckvHk; t*Fvdyfvufatmuf odk@ usa&mufcJhonf? 1885 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (22)&ufae@wGif t*Fvdyf-jrefrm wwd,ppfyGJjzpfyGm;cJhonf? xdkpOfu jrefrm EdkifiHwGif oDaygrif;eef;pHaecsdefjzpfonf? t*Fvdyfppfwyf rS {&m0wDjrpf¶dk;twdkif; txufjrefrmjynfodk@ xdkae@ wGifyifcsDwufcJhonf? Edk0ifbmv (25)&ufae@wGif jrif;+cH+rdK@/ (26)&ufae@wGif tif;0/ (27)&ufae@wGif ppfudkif;/ (28)&ufae@wGif rEWav;&wemyHkaejynfawmfodk@ wufa&mufodrf;ydkufcJhonf? oDaygrif;ESifhrdzk&m;wdk@udk +Adwd o#wdk@uzrf;qD;+yD;/ tdENd,EdkifiHodk@ ac:aqmifoGm;jcif;jzifh t*Fvdyf-jrefrm wwd,ppfyGJ+yD;qHk;oGm;cJhonf? jrefrmwrsdK;om;vHk; u|efjzpfcJh=u&onf? ¡ tifydkif,mjynfh¶Sif bk&ifr}uD;.trdef@t& ,ae@rSpI ausnmvdkufonfrSm oDaygbk&iftkyfcsKyfcJh

aom e,fy,ftm;vHk;wdk@onf jynfh¶Sifbk&ifr}uD;. EdkifiHawmfe,fy,frsm;twGif;odk@ odrf;oGif;vdkuf +yDjzpfa=umif;? xdkodk@odrf;oGif;+yD;e,fy,frsm;udk ,ae@rSpI bk&ifcHESifh bk&ifcHcsKyfwdk@u oabmt& cef@xm;vdkufaom t&m¶Sdrsm;ESifh qufvuftkyfcsKyfap? ( 1886 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (1)&ufae@wGif

tdENd,bk&ifcHcsKyfuxkwfjyefcJhaom ausnmcsuf ² ² ²) ¢ t*Fvdyfe,fcsJ@orm;wdk@u jrefrmjynftm; t+yD;tydkifodrf;ydkuf+yD;jzpfonf[k xdkuJhodk@ ausnmcsuf xkwfcJhaomfvnf; u|efb0jzifhraevdk=uonfh ZmwdaoG;/ Zmwdrmefxufoefonfh acgif;aqmifrsm;u &&m vlol/ vufeuf pkaqmif;+yD;/ rqkwfrepf qufvufawmfvSefcJh=uojzifh ausnmcsufxkwf+yD;(10)ESpfwdkif atmif ‚if;wdk@xifovdktkyfcsKyfIr&cJhay? 1900 ESifh 1910 ckESpf tpydkif;avmufwGif aemif *sDpDbDat 0HomEktzGJ@}uD;. acgif;aqmifrsm;jzpf vm=urnfh q&mawmfOD;OwWr/ OD;cspfvd_i/f OD;pdk;odef;/ OD;yk/ OD;bab/ OD;xGef;¶Sdef/ orRwOD;pk polwdk@u uv#m% ,k0toif;udkwnfaxmif=u+yD;/ trsdK;/ bmom/ omoemtusdK;twGuf vkyfaqmifrnf[lonfh aºuG;a=umf oHudka¶S@wef;wifI trsdK;om;v_yf¶Sm;r_rsm;/ pnf;a0;yGJrsm;/ pDwef;vSnfhvnfyGJrsm;vkyfvmcJhojzifh trsdK;om; xºuGv_yf¶Sm;r_rsm; tqufrjywfay:vmcJhonf? t*Fvdyftpdk;&u ESdrfeif;r_rsm;vkyfvmcJh&m zdav ºuGav tjzpfudk tkyfpdk;olwdk@&ifqdkifvmcJh&onf? yxrqHk;a¶G;aumufyGJ?

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tqufrjywf ay:aygufvmcJhonfh v_yf¶Sm;r_rsm;a=umifh trsdK;om;pdwfrsm; ydkrdkwufºuGvm=u&mrS tp 1920 jynfh wuUodkvfausmif;om;rsm;. taxGaxGoydwf}uD;jzpfay:vmI wjynfvHk;wGif trsdK;om; ausmif;rsm;ay:aygufvmcJhjcif;/ trsdK;om;tHkºuGr_ ydkrdkjyif;xefvmcJhjcif;rsm;a=umifh 1922 ckESpfwGif 'dkiftmcD a¶G;aumufyGJrsm;udkusif;ycJh&jcif;jzifh vlxkqENudk&,lonfh oabmudk aqmifvmcJh&onf? xdkjzpf&yfonf e,f csJ@vufatmufwGif jynfolvlxku rJay;qHk;jzwf&onfhtqifhudk yxrqHk;&¶SdcJhjcif;jzpfonf? xdka¶G;aumufyGJonf e,fcsJ@wdk@u ‚if;wdk@vdkcsifonfhyHkpH&atmifvkyfEdkifa&;twGuf jynfolwdk@udkvSnfh pm;cJhjcif;jzpfaomfvnf;/ xl;jcm;r_rSm vlxktHkºuGr_a=umifhom jynfolvlxkrS rJay;qHk;jzwf&onfh a¶G;aumufyGJ ay:aygufvmcJh&jcif;jzpfonf? tkyfcsKyfpDrHcef@cGJa&;wm0efrsm;tm; tpdk;&ESifh jynfolvlxkua¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufonfh udk,fpm; vS,frsm; cGJa0+yD; yl;wGJwm0ef,l=u&onfh tkyfcsKyfa&;jzpfojzifh 'dkiftmcD (Diarchy/Dyarchy) [kac:jcif;jzpf onf? trnftm;jzifh wdk;wufaumif;rGefonfh tkyfcsKyfa&;jzpfaomfvnf;/ jynfol@udk,fpm;vS,f(rif;wdkifyif trwf)rsm;rSm rnfonfhtm%mr#r¶SdbJ/ ta,mifaqmif ¶kyfjyomjzpf+yD;/ bk&ifcHu xifovdktkyfcsKyfonfh pepfomjzpfonf? 1922 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (21)&ufae@ 'dkiftmcDOya'jyKaumifpD(Legislative Council) yxrOD;qHk; a¶G;aumufyGJwGif b}uD;bazwdk@. 21 OD;ygwDESifh qma*satarmif}uD;acgif;aqmifaom y¶dk*&ufppfygwDac: a¶$awmif=um;ygwD(qma*satarmif}uD;wdk@. y¶dk*&ufppfygwD0if vlrsm;pka=u;a&wwfrsm;rSm a¶$awmif=um; vrf; &yfuGufxJY aexdkif=uI “a¶$awmif=um;ygwD”[k trnfwGifvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf?)wdk@om 0ifa&muf,SOf +ydKifta¶G;cHcJh=u.? vd_if-yk-ausmf *sDpDbDatu oydwfarSmufaecJh+yD;/ 1928 ckESpf/ wwd,t}udrfa¶G;aumufyGJ rSom 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKif ta¶G;cHcJh=uonf? xdk'dkiftmcDOya'jyKaumifpDa¶G;aumufyGJwGif jynfolvlxk.rJqENay;ydkifcGifhudk t*Fvdyftpdk;&u rsm; pGmuef@owfcsKyfcs,fxm;onf? t*FvdyfESifh tdENd,ukefonf}uD;rsm;udk txl;tcGifhta&;ay;xm;cJhonf? t*Fvdyfukefonf vlOD;a&(100)twGuf udk,fpm;vS,f(1)OD;ta¶G;cs,fcHEdkifcGifh&¶SdcJh+yD;/ jrefrmrsm; twGufrl vlOD;a&(30000)twGuf udk,fpm;vS,f(1)OD;om ta¶G;cs,fcHEdkifcGifh¶SdcJhonf? jrefrmwdk@a¶G;aumuf wifajr‡mufaom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk xdkacwfu“rif;wdkifyiftrwf”[kac:=uonf? xdkrif;wdkifyiftrwfrsm; .a¶S@wGif “atmfema&bD”[laom0daooudk xnfhoGif;a&;om;ac:a0:=u&onf? 'dkiftmcDacwf0ef}uD;rsm;onf vpmaiG(5000)pm;=u&onf? Oya'jyKaumifpDtwGuf rif;wdkifyiftrwf udk,fpm;vS,faygif;(103)OD;¶Sdonfhteuf bk&ifcHucef@ xm;ol (23)OD;¶Sdojzifh useftrwf(80)twGufom a¶G;aumufyGJusif;yay;jcif;jzpfonf? xdktrwf(80)xJwGif tdENd,wdkif;&if;om;(8)OD;/ u&if(5)OD;/ ujym;(1)OD;/ t*Fvdyf(1)OD;/ tjcm; vkyfief;¶Sif}uD;rsm;ESifh wuUodkvfrS(7)OD;yg¶Sdojzifh useftaxGaxG(58)ae&mtwGufom jrefrmrsm;yg0ifta¶G; cHcGifh¶SdcJhonf? ,if;(58)ae&mudk jrefrmrsm;twGuf[krqdkbJ *sife&,f[lIowfrSwfcJhonf? Oya'jyKaumifpD a¶G;aumufyGJudk (3)ESpfw}udrfusif;y&ef owfrSwfxm;cJhonf? 'dkiftmcDv$wfawmfwGif¶Sdonfh trwf(103)OD;rSm ² ² ² jrefrmwdkif;&if;om; 58 OD;? u&if 5 OD;? tdENd,wdkif;&if;om; 8 OD;? t*Fvyd fujym; 1 OD;? Oa&mywdkufom; 1 OD;? wuUodkvfausmif; 1 OD;? jrefrmukefonf}uD; 1 OD;? Oa&mywdkufom;ukefonf}uD; 2 OD;? -6-

w¶kwfukefonf}uD; 1 OD;? Oa&mywdkufom; &efukefa&mif;0,fa&;tzGJ@ 1 OD;? tdENd,wdkif;&if;om;ukefonf}uD; 1 OD;? tpdk;&cef@ 21 OD;? tpdk;&cef@ b¾ma&;0ef}uD; 1 OD;? jynfxaJ &;0ef}uD; 1 OD;? aygif; ² ² ² 103 OD;? wdk@jzpfonf? 1922 ckESpfyxrt}udrfa¶G;aumufyGJwGif qENrJay;olOD;a&(10)&mcdkifE_ef;cef@om¶SdcJhonf? ta=umif; rSm 1920 aumvdyfoydwf}uD;a=umifh EdkifiHa&;Edk;=um;cJhaomjrefrmvlxku 'dkiftmcD&Dazmif;jzpfonfh bk&ifcH ESifh rsufESmjzLtdkifpDtufpfrsm;.vufxJY tcsKyftjcmtm%m¶SdonfhtkyfcsKyfa&;pepfudk jiif;y,fvufrcHEdkif a=umif; jyojcif;jzpfonf[kqdkEdkifonf? 'dkiftmcDacwfwGif jrefrmjynfbk&ifcHtjzpf qm[mukwfbwWvm(Sir Harcourt Butler)udk bdvyf tpdk;&ujyefv$wfcJh+yD;/ qm&,f*sDe,fu&ufa'gufudk jyefac:,lcJhonf? 'dkiftmcDacwfyxrydkif;Y vpmaiG(5000)pm; 0ef}uD;csKyf(4)OD;¶Sdonfhteuf jrefrmrsm;xJrS(3)OD;&¶SdcJh onf? ,if;(4)OD;rSm ² ² ² (1) qmarmifcif jynfxJa&;0ef}uD;csKyf (2) rpPwmtvufZENm;udof b¾ma&;0ef}uD;csKyf (3) trfatOD;armif}uD; ynma&;0ef}uD;csKyf (4) qma*satOD;armif}uD; opfawma&;0ef}uD;csKyf wdk@jzpfonf? ,if;0ef}uD;csKyf(4)OD;wGif tpdk;&cef@(2)OD;jzpf+yD;/ ynma&;ESifhopfawma&;wdk@twGuf (2)OD;omrJjzifh a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;jzpfonf? 'kwd,t}udrfa¶G;aumufyGJudk 1925 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (17)&ufae@wGifusif;ycJhonf? yl;wGJwm0efcH tpdk;&zGJ@rSm ² ² ² (1) OD;aratmif jynfxJa&;0ef}uD;csKyf (2) qm0DvsHuD b¾ma&;0ef}uD;csKyf (3) a'gufwmb,Of ynma&;0ef}uD;csKyf (4) qmvDt,def opfawma&;0ef}uD;csKyf wdk@jzpfonf? wwd,t}udrfa¶G;aumufyGJudk 1928 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (21)&ufae@wGifusif;ycJhonf? a¶G;aumufyGJ Y jynfoljynfom;ygwDrS trwf(40)/ a¶$awmif=um;ygwDrS trwf(12)OD; a¶G;aumufcHcJh=u&onf? rJqEN¶Sif (24) &mcdkifE_ef;urJay;cJh=uonf? yl;wGJwm0efcH tpdk;&zGJ@rSm ² ² ² (1) qma*satarmif}uD; jynfxJa&;0ef}uD;csKyf (2) rpPwmjrL;&,ftif'¶l;trdkufZD b¾ma&;0ef}uD;csKyf (3) OD;bwif ynma&;0ef}uD;csKyf (4) qmvDt,def opfawma&;0ef}uD;csKyf wdk@jzpfonf? pwkwˆt}udrfa¶G;aumufyGJudk 1932 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (12)&ufae@wGifusif;ycJhonf? rJqEN¶Sif (24) &mcdkifE_ef;urJay;cJh=uonf? yl;wGJwm0efcH tpdk;&zGJ@rSm ² ² ² (1) qmarmifb jynfxJa&;0ef}uD;csKyf (2) rpPwmul;yg; b¾ma&;0ef}uD;csKyf (3) OD;ausmf'if ynma&;0ef}uD;csKyf (4) qma*satarmif}uD; opfawma&;0ef}uD;csKyf wdk@jzpfonf?

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1934 ckESpf/ {+yDv (9)&ufae@wGif ajymif;vJjyefvnfzGJ@pnf;cJhonfh (5)}udrfajrmufyl;wGJwm0efcHtpdk;& zGJ@rSm ² ² ² (1) qmarmifb jynfxJa&;0ef}uD;csKyf (2) rpPwmul;yg; b¾ma&;0ef}uD;csKyf (3) a'gufwmbarmf ynma&;0ef}uD;csKyf (4) OD;bab opfawma&;0ef}uD;csKyf wdk@jzpfonf? 1923 ckESpfrSpwifcJhonfh 'dkiftmcDtkyfcsKyfa&;rSm 1936 ckESpfwGif+yD;qHk;oGm;cJhonf? wdk@Armtpnf;t¶Hk;0ifocifrsm;.acgif;aqmifr_jzifh 1930 jynfhESpfrS 1934 ckESpftwGif; tvkyform; rsm;.taxGaxGoydwfrsm; tqufrjywfay:xGufcJh+yD;/ 1936 ckESpfwGif ocifEkacgif;aqmifI jynfvHk;qdkif&m taxGaxGausmif;om;oydwf arSmufEdkifcJh=uonf? wqufwnf;yif oD;pm;cOya'ESifhywfoufI v,form; qlylr_rsm;ay:aygufcJh&mrS 1300 jynfhta&;awmfyHk}uD;ay:aygufcJhonf? 91 XmetkyfcsKyfa&;acwf? xdkodk@aomtHkºuGr_}uD;a=umifh e,fcsJ@orm;onf wxpfav#mhI (91)XmetkyfcsKyfa&;udkay;cJh&onf? xdk(91)XmetkyfcsKyfa&;wGif vHk;0vGwfvyfonfhrJay;a¶G;cs,fjcif;rsdK;r[kwfaomfvnf; 'dkiftmcDtkyfcsKyfa&; xuftqifhjrifhonfh rJay;a¶G;aumufjcif;rsdK;/ 'dkiftmcDtkyfcsKyfa&;xuf tenf;i,fus,f0ef;vmonfhyHkpHjzifh rJ ay;=u&onfhtjzpfudk jynfolvlxk&¶SdcJhonf? rJa&mif;rJ0,fpepfjzifh rdrdwdk@tEdkif&a&;udkvkyfaqmifcJh=uojzifh aiGtif;tm;awmifholwdk@om rJtEdkif&¶SdcJhonf? Todk@jzifh (91)XmetkyfcsKyfa&;ESifhOya'jyKv$wfawmf ay:ayguf vmcJhonf? 1935 ckESpf/ jrefrmjynftkyfcsKyfa&;tufOya't& tdENd,jynfrSjrefrmjynfcGJxGuf&rnfhtcsdefudk 1937 ckESpf/ {+yDv (1)&ufae@tm;owfrSwfcJh+yD;/ xdkae@rSpI jrefrmjynfwGif 91 XmetkyfcsKyfa&;topfjzifh tkyfcsKyf& rnfjzpfojzifh tqdkygtkyfcsKyfa&;twGuf a¶G;aumufyGJrsm;usif;yay;cJhonf? tkyfcsKyfa&;topft& v$wfawmfESpf&yfxm;¶Sd+yD;/ atmufv$wfawmftwGuftrwf(132)a,mufESifh txufv$wfawmf(qD;edwf)twGuf trwf(36)a,mufa¶G;aumufwifajr‡muf&rnfjzpfonf? atmufv$wfawmftrwf(132)a,mufxJwGif e,frsm;rSa¶G;aumuf&rnfh trwfOD;a&(92)OD;/ u&if trsdK;om;(12)OD;/ tdENd,trsdK;om;(8)OD;/ t*Fvdyf-jrefrmujym;(2)OD;/ Oa&mywdkufom;(3)OD;/ pufr_vufr_ESifh ukefonf}uD;toif;rsm;. udk,fpm;vS,f(11)OD;/ &efukefwuUodkvfrS(12)OD;/ tdENd,tvkyform;udk,fpm;vS,f (2)OD;/ tdENd,r[kwfaom tvkyform;udk,fpm;vS,f(1)OD;wdk@jzpfonf? v$wfawmfY [email protected];Edkif&ef&nf¶G,fcsufjzifh pufr_vufr_ukefonf}uD;toif;rsm;. udk,f pm;vS,f(11)OD;xJY Oa&mywdkufom;ukefonf}uD;rsm;toif;rS (6)OD;/ tdENd,ukefonf}uD;rsm;toif;rS (3)OD;/ w¶kwfukefonf}uD;rsm;toif;rS (1)OD;ESifh jrefrmukefonf}uD;rsm;toif;rS (1)OD;ponfjzifh cGJa0cJhjyefonf? 91 XmetkyfcsKyfa&;[kqdkaomfvnf; trSefrSm(98)Xme¶Sdonf? ta&;}uD;aom(7)Xmeudk bk&ifcHu ‚if;.vufatmufYxm;¶Sd+yD;/ usef(91)Xmeudkom vlxkvufodk@ay;tyfjcif;jzpfonf? bk&ifcH.vufatmufwGifxm;¶Sdonfh(7)XmerSm eef;&if;0efESifh 0ef}uD;(6)OD;wdk@udkif&aom umuG,fa&;/ jynfxJa&;/ tcGefawmfESifhb¾ma&;/ EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;/ ynma&;/ opfawma&;/ ul;oef; a&mif;0,fa&;ponfhXmersm;jzpfonf? eef;&if;0ef.vpmrSm (3000)usyfjzpfI 0ef}uD;rsm;.vpmrSm (2500) usyfjzpfonf? v$wfawmfOuUX.vpmaiGrSm(2000)usyfjzpfI 'kwd,OuUX.vpmaiGrSm(1250)usyfjzpfonf? rif;wdkifyiftrwfrsm;.vpmaiGrSm(250)usyfjzpfonf?

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'dkiftmcDtkyfcsKyfa&;wGif wdkif;jynfodk@ (22)Xmeudkomay;tyfcJh+yD;/ 0ef}uD;csKyf(4)OD;xm;¶SdI vpmaiG (5000)usyfpDay;cJhonf? 91 XmetkyfcsKyfa&;topfwGif bk&ifcHonf jynfolwdk@ua¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufonfhv$wfawmfudk tcsdef ra¶G;¶kyfodrf;Edkifonf? trwfrsm;udkwm0efcH&aom0ef}uD;tzGJ@(uufbdeuf)udk jzKwfvdkujzKwfEdkifonf? bk&if cH.vufxJY ADwdktm%mudkudkifxm;onf? xdk@a=umifh ,if; 91 XmetkyfcsKyfa&;udk wdk@Armtpnf;t¶Hk;ESifh &efukefwuUodkvfausmif;om;rsm; or*~rSOD;aqmif+yD;/ uef@uGufv_yfvSm;cJh=uojzifh 1936 ckESpf/ ausmif;om;oydwfrStpjyKum 1300 jynfhESpf/ ta&;awmfyHk}uD;ay:aygufvmcJh&onftxd vGefvyfa&;wdkufyGJjyif;xefvmcJhonf? 1935 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (9)&ufae@wGif 91 XmetkyfcsKyfa&;twGuf Oya'jyKv$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJ jrefrmwEdkifiHvHk;wGifusif;ycJhonf? +Adwdo#tpdk;&u jrefrmEdkifiHtm;(91)XmetkyfcsKyfa&;ay;rnfh puULjzLpmwrf;wckudk 1935 ckESpfwGif xkwfjyefcJh+yD;/ 1936 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmvwGif (91)XmetkyfcsKyfa&;twGuf a¶G;aumufyu GJ sif;y&efpDpOfcJhonf? odk@ twGuf 'dkiftmcDaemufqHk;bk&ifcH qm[¶l;vif;pa'gif;pwDzifqifudk 1936 ckESpf/ arvqef;wGifjyefac:cJh+yD; ‚if;.ae&mwGif qmtmcDabmu&def;udk (91)XmetkyfcsKyfa&;twGuf bk&ifcHopftjzpf 1936 ckESpf/ arv (8) &ufae@wGif wm0efv$Jajymif;,lapcJhonf? 'dkiftmcDESifhrauseyfEdkif[lonfhv_yf¶Sm;r_rsm;/ [krR¶l;(Home Rule)awmif;qdkr_rsm;/ v,form;vuf eufudkifykefuefr_rsm;a=umifh 91 XmetkyfcsKyfa&;&¶SdcJhjcif;jzpfonf? 91 XmetkyfcsKyfa&;wGif yxrqHk; a'gufwmbarmf0ef}uD;csKyfjzpfcJh+yD; !Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@udk 1937 ck ESpf/ rwfv (26)&ufae@wGif pwifzGJ@pnf;cJhonf? yxr!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@rSm ² ² ² (1) a'gufwmbarmf eef;&if;0ef/ b¾ma&; (2) a¶$usifOD;yk opfawma&; (3) OD;ay:xGef; jynfxJa&; (4) OD;om,m0wDarmifarmif ynma&; (5) OD;xGef;atmifausmf ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&; (6) apmazom tcGefawmf odk@aomf 1300 jynfhta&;awmfyHk}uD;a=umifh 1939 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&DvwGif a'gufwmbarmf. !Gef@aygif;tpdk;&jyKwfus+yD; OD;yk(a¶$usif)acgif;aqmifonfh !Gef@aygif;tpdk;&wufvmcJhonf? tpdk;&oufwrf; (1)ESpfESifh(10)vtwGif; a&eHajr tvkyform;oydw/f ukvm;-Armt"du¶k%f;/ Adkvfatmifausmfoydwf/ rEWav; tmZmenf(17)OD;usqHk;cJhonfhta&;tcif;ponfh r}uHKpzl;}uD;rm;vSonfh vlxktHkºuGr_'%fudkrcHEdkif ojzifh a'gufwmbarmftpdk;& jyKwfusoGm;cJh&jcif;jzpfonf? 1941 ckESpf/ pufwifbmvwGif OD;yktpdk;&jyKwfus jyefojzifh OD;apmtpdk;&wufonf? 91 XmetkyfcsKyfa&;acwf (5)ESpfwmumvtwGif; !Gef@aygif;tpdk;&rsm;om zGJ@pnf;EdkifcJh+yD;/ xdk!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&rsm;rSmvnf; r=umc%jzKwfcsjcif;cHcJh&ojzifh (5)ESpftwGif; tpdk;&(4)}udrf ajymif;cJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;&+yD;acwf? xdkrS zqyv acwfwGif vlwdkif;rJay;Edkifonfh wdkif;jyKjynfjyKv$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJodk@wdkifcJhonf? atmifqef;-tufwvDpmcsKyft& wdkif;jynfjyKv$wfawmftwGuf taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ}uD;udk 1947 ckESpf/ {+yDvwGif usif;ycJhonf? wdkif;jyKjynfjyKv$wfawmfwGif trwfaygif;(255)a,muf¶Sdonf? a¶G;aumufyGJwGif jynfrtwGuftrwfae&m(182)ae&mteuf zqyvrS(171)ae&m&I uGefjrLepfrsm;u(7) -9-

ae&m&¶SdcJh+yD;/ usefae&mrsm;wGif woD;yk*~vrsm;u&¶Sdonf? wdkif;jyKjynfjyKv$wfawmf[lonfrSm wdkif;jynf. tem*wftkyfcsKyfa&;twGuf zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'a&;qGJ&efomjzpf+yD;/ ygvDrefv$wfawmfrsdK;r[kwfacs? vGwfvyfa&;a=unmcJh+yD;aemuf ygvDrefv$wfawmf.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;tm;aqmif¶GufcJhaomfvnf; tajctaet&aqmif¶GufcJhjcif;omjzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh vGwfvyfa&;a=unmonfh 1948 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (4)&ufae@rSpI 1952 ckESpf/ rwfv (3)&ufae@ ygvDreftpnf;ta0; pxdkifonfhtawmtwGif; wdkif;jyKjynfjyK v$wfawmf(,m,DygvDref)[kac:a0:cJhonf? tqdkyg,m,DygvDrefrS orRwwifajr‡mufvdkufonfh apma¶$odkuf tm; ,m,DorRw/ tpdk;&tzGJ@tm; ,m,Dtpdk;&[kac:a0:cJhonf? jrefrmEdkifiHrS wdkif;jyKjynfjyKv$wfawmfonf awmfvSefa&;w&yfatmifjrifojzifh jzpfay:vm&jcif; r[kwfbJ atmifqef;-tufwvDpmcsKyft& jzpfay:vmonfh wdkif;jyKjynfjyKv$wfawmfw&yfjzpfonf? xdkpOfu zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'a&;qGJ+yD; ,m,DtrsdK;om;v$wfawmftjzpf tpdk;&tzGJ@zGJ@pnf; xm;cJh&mrS (18)vt=umwGifyxrt}udrfa¶G;aumufyGJusif;y&rnf[k owfrSwfxm;cJhonf? 1947 ckESpf/ tajccHOya' yk'fr(233)wGif “TtajccHOya't& usif;yonfh yxrtrwfa¶G;aumufyGJudk TtajccHOya' tm%mwnfonfhae@rSpI (18)vtwGif; usif;y&rnf”[kjyXmef;xm;ojzifh vGwfvyfa&;ESifhtwl 1948 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (4)&ufae@wGif tajccHOya'tm%mwnfcJhojzifh a¶G;aumufyGJudk 1949 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifvrwdkif rDusif;y&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; a¶G;aumufyGJudk 1951 ckESpf/ ZGefv (12)&ufae@rS 1952 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (3)&uf ae@txd (3)&pfcGJIusif;ycJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;a=unmt+yD; (3)vt=umrSpIjzpfay:vmcJhonfh jynfwGif;ppf udkta=umif;jyI a¶$@qdkif;vmcJhjcif;jzpfonf? tm%m& z-q-y-v qdk¶S,fvpftpdk;&u aiG/ vufeuf/ tm%mwdk@jzifh rJcdk;onfrStp vlowfonftqHk;/ rw&m;jyKusifhcJhonf? 1952 ckESpf/ rwfvwGif jynfol@ v$wfawmfyxrqHk;nDvmcHudk pwifEdkifcJhonf? xdkESpfrwfv(12)&ufae@wGif yxrqHk;aom EdkifiHawmforRw tjzpf a'gufwmbOD; a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? a¶G;aumufyGJt}udKumvwGif vlzrf;yGJ}uD;rsm;/ vlowfyGJ}uD;rsm;/ jyefay;qGJr_rsm;/ rD;¶d_@r_}uD;rsm;udk cg;ydkufaqmifwyfrsm;ujyKvkyfcJh=uonf? e,fcsJ@acwf 'dkiftmcDtkyfcsKyfa&;/ 91 XmetkyfcsKyfa&;umvrsm;u rJcdk;r_xuf}uD;us,fonfhrJcdk;r_rsm; jyKvkyfcJh=uonf? a¶G;aumufyGJudk t&pfususif;ycJhjcif;jzpfojzifh wae&mrS ¶H_;aomf tjcm;wae&mrSxyfrH0ifa&mufta¶G;cs,fcHjcif;rsm;¶SdcJhonf? Oyrm ² ² ² ocifwifonf yxrtokwf a¶G;aumufyGJwGif om,m0wDc¶dkifrS 0ifa&mufta¶G;cHcJh&m ¶H_;edrfhcJhaomfvnf;/ 'kwd,tokwfa¶G;aumufyGJwGif jzL;rJqENe,frS jyefvnfta¶G;cH&+yD; trwfjzpfvmcJhonf? 'kwd,t}udrfa¶G;aumufyGJtm; 1956 ckESpfwGif usif;ycJhonf? tqdkyga¶G;aumufyGJwGif 1951-52 ckESpfwGifusif;ycJhonfh a¶G;aumufyGJESifhrwlnDonfhtcsufrSm twdkuftcHrsm; tiftm;aumif;pGmpkpnf;xm; onfh jynfaxmifpktrsdK;om;nD!Gwfa&;wyfaygif;pk(yrnw)zGJ@pnf;vmEdkifcJhjcif;jzpfonf? a¶G;aumufyGJwGif zqyvrS(1743816)rJ&¶SdcJh+yD;/ yrnwrS(1139286)rJ&¶SdcJhonf? yrnw tyg t0if twdkuftcHpkpkaygif;taejzifh (1530630)rJ&¶SdcJhonf? zqyvrS trwfae&m(144)ae&m/ yrnwrS trwfae&m(46)ae&m/ &cdkiftrsdK;om;tzGJ@csKyfrS trwfae&m(6)ae&m/ woD;yk*~v trwfae&m(9)ae&m ponfjzifh&¶SdcJhonf? wwd,t}udrfa¶G;aumufyGJudk 1960 jynfhESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (6)&ufae@wGif ,m,Dtdrfapmifhtpdk;& u usif;yay;cJhonf? 1958 ckESpf/ {+yDv (27)&ufae@wGif oef@¶Sif;-wnf+rJ[lI zqyvuGJ+yD;aemuf yxrqHk; usif;yonfha¶G;aumufyGJjzpfonf?oef@¶Sif;rS wnf+rJwdk@xuf rJav;qausmftomjzifhtEdkif&¶SdcJh+yD; 1962 ckESpf txd oef@¶Sif;tpdk;&rSwm0ef,lcJhonf? oef@¶Sif;zqyvu jynfaxmifpktzGJ@(yxp)[lItrnfajymif;cJhonf? 1962 ckESpf/ rwfv (2)&ufae@wGif ppfwyfrStm%modrf;cJhonf? awmfvSefa&;aumifpDacwf?

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1962 ckESpf/ rwfv (2)&ufae@ eHeufydkif;wGif wyfrawmfacgif;aqmif(17)OD;yg0ifonfh jynfaxmifpk orRwjrefrmEdkifiHawmf awmfvSefa&;aumifpDudk zGJ@pnf;cJhonf? awmfvSefa&;aumifpD OuUX tjzpf umuG,f a&;OD;pD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;rS aqmif¶GufcJhonf? vlxkqEN/ vlxkenf;rygbJ ppfwyfenf;oufoufjzifh tm%modrf;cJhjcif;udk ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m u&if trsdK;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf/ &efukefwuUodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*~/ &efukefc¶dkifausmif;om;rsm;or*~/ rEWav; wuUodkvf/ armfv+rdKifaumvdyfESifh ykodrfaumvdyf¶Sd ausmif;om;rsm;or*~ tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u qef@usifuef@ uGufcJh=uonf? 1962 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (7)&ufae@wGif &efukefwuUodkvf ausmif;om;nD!Gwfa&;wyfOD;rS OD; aqmifI pDwef;vSnfhvnfqENjycJh=uonf? &efukefwuUodkvfausmif;om;or*~ OuUX/ ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;or*~tzGJ@csKyf 'kwd,OuUX ESifh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmiftcsdK@tm; ppftkyfpku zrf;qD;cJhonf? &JESifhausmif;om;rsm; tcsif;csif; cJrsm;/ rsuf&nf,dkAHk;rsm;jzifh tjyeftvSefypfcwfonftxd us,fjyef@vmcJh onf? &Jwyfrsm;¶kyfodrf;+yD; ppfwyfrS aoewfjzifhypfcwfvlpkcGJcJhonf? Ppftkyfpku wuUodkvfor*~taqmuf ttHktm; tkwfjrpftxd rusefapatmif wGufcsuf+yD;/ ,rf;bDvl;rsm;jr‡KyfESHI Zlvdkifv (8)&ufae@ eHeufvif; tm;}uD;wGif +zdKcGJcJhonf? awmfvSefa&;aumifpDonf 1962 ckESpf/ {+yDv (30)&ufae@wGif EdkifiHawmf awmfvSefa&;aumifp. D 0g'oabmxm;ausnmcsufjzpfaom jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfudk xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? 1962 ckESpf/ arv (9)&ufae@wGif A[dkvHk+cHKa&;ESifhtkyfcsKyfr_aumfrwD/ jynfe,f§wdkif; vHk+cHKa&;ESifh tkyfcsKyfr_aumfrwD/ c¶dkif vHk+cHKa&;ESifhtkyfcsKyfr_aumfrwD/ +rdK@e,f vHk+cHKa&;ESifhtkyfcsKyfr_aumfrwD/ +rdK@r§aus;¶Gm vHk+cHKa&;ESifhtkyfcsKyfr_aumfrwDtqifhqifhudkzGJ@pnf;cJh+yD;/ 1962 ckESpf/ arv (17)&ufae@rSpI jynfe,f/ wdkif;/ c¶dkif/ +rdK@e,frsm;¶Sd w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;ESifh &yf¶Gmat;csrf;a&;OD;pD;tzGJ@rsm;udk vHk+cHKa&;ESifhtkyfcsKyfr_aumfrwD toD;oD;odk@ ajymif;vJcJhonf? 1962 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (4)&ufae@wGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udk a=unmI jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD (The Burma Socialist Programme Party) udk tjrKawygwD tjzpfxlaxmifcJhonf? 1964 ckESpf/ rwfv (28)&ufae@wGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDESifh ,if;ygwD.OD;aqmifr_udkcH,l aom tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;rSty usefEdkifiHa&;tzGJ@tpnf;tm;vHk;udkzsufodrf;onfhOya'jzpfaom “1964 ckESpf/ trsdK;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;udkumuG,fonfhOya'”udk awmfvSefa&;aumifpu D jyXmef;cJhonf? EdkifiHa&;ygwD tm;vHk;udk zsufodrf;vdkuf+yD; jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfudk wpfygwDpepfjzifh pwiftaumiftxnfazmfcJhonf? 1971 ckESpfwGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDonf tjrKawygwDtqifhrS jynfol@ygwDtjzpfodk@ a&muf¶SdcJhonf? ,cifu awmfvSefa&;aumifpDonf EdkifiHa&;OD;aqmifr_wGif tjrifhqHk;tzGJ@tpnf;jzpfcJh&mrS jynfol@ygwDjzpfvmonfhtcg jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDonf EdkifiHa&;OD;aqmifygwDjzpfvmcJhonf? 1962 ckESpfrS 1974 ckESpftxd awmfvSefa&;aumifpDrS wygwDtm%m¶Sifpepfjzifh tkyfcsKyfcJh+yD;/ jynfol@qENcH,lonfh a¶G;aumufyGJrsm;r¶SdcJhyg? AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;onf 1972 ckESpf/ {+yDv (21)&ufae@wGif wyfrawmfrSt+idrf;pm;,lcJh+yD;/ OD;ae0if; jzpfvmcJhonf? ‚if;ESifhtwl tjcm;wyfrawmft&m¶Sd}uD;(20)OD;vnf; wyfrawmfrSt+idrf;pm;,lcJh=u+yD;/ tm%mudk (rlvydkif¶SifjynfolvlxkxHodk@) t&yfom;tpdk;&vufodk@jyefvnftyfESif;av[efpDpOfr_udk }udKwif jyifqifvkyfaqmifcJh=uonf? yxrt}udrf jynfol@v$wfawmfESifhjynfol@aumifpDtqifhqifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufyGJrsm;udk 1974 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (27)&ufae@rS azazmf0g&Dv (10)&ufae@txd jyKvkyfcJhonf? pkpkaygif;rJqENe,f(451)e,fwGif rJqENe,f (450)Y wpf}udrfwnf;jzifhqENrJxuf0ufausmf&¶Sd+yD; atmifjrifpGma¶G;cs,fEdkifcJhonf? yvuf0+rdK@ e,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufyGJtxajrmufaomfvnf; vma&mufqENrJ ay;olOD;a&.xuf0ufausmfqENrJr&ojzifh udk,fpm;vS,fa¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufEdkifjcif;r¶SdcJhacs? 'kwd,t}udrf - 11 -

a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufyGJtwGuf udk,fpm;vS,favmif;trnfpm&if;wifoGif;&ef tcsdefrvHkavmufojzifh tqdkyg rJqEN e,f.a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufyGJudk zsufodrf;cJh&onf? yxrt}udrf jynfol@v$wfawmfESifh jynfol@aumifpDtqifhqifha¶G;cs,f wifajr‡mufyGJrsm;wGif rJqEN e,fwpfcktwGuf ,SOf+ydKifolr¶SdbJ/ wpfOD;wnf;om a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufcH&efjzpfv#if ,if;udk,fpm;vS,f avmif;tm; axmufcHonfhrJyHk;ESifh uef@uGufonfhrJyHk; ESpfyHk;omxm;&onf? rJyHk;rsm;ay:wGif udk,fpm;vS,f avmif;.trnfudka&;om;xm;+yD;/ axmufcHonfhrJyHk;Y “axmufcHonf”[laom pmESifhtrSwftom;udk vnf;aumif;/ uef@uGufonfhrJyHk;Y “uef@uGufonf”[laom pmESifhtrSwftom;udkvnf;aumif; a&;om; xm;onf? rJqENe,fwpfckwGif ,SOf+ydKifta¶G;cHolwpfO;D xufydkI¶Sdv#if ,if;odk@,SOf+ydKifta¶G;cHol ta& twGuf¶Sdoavmuf rJyHk;ta&twGufjyKvkyfpDpOfxm;onf? rJyHk;toD;oD;wGif oufqdkif&m jynfol@ udk,fpm; vS,favmif;rsm;.trnfrsm;udk xif¶Sm;pGma&;om;xm;onf? rJ¶Hkwpf¶HkpDwGif &yfuGuf/ aus;¶Gmtkyfpk jynfol@ aumifpD0ifavmif;twGuf qENrJay;cef;/ +rdK@e,f jynfol@aumifpD0ifavmif;twGuf qENrJay;cef;/ jynfe,f/ wdkif; jynfol@aumifpD0ifavmif;twGuf qENrJay;cef;/ jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;twGuf qENrJ ay;cef;[lI qENrJay;cef; tcef;(4)cef;pDxm;¶Sdonf? jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD/ A[dkaumfrwDrS jynfol@ v$wfawmfESifh jynfe,f/ wdkif; jynfol@aumifpDtqifh udk,fpm;vS,favmif;pm&if;udk jyKpkay;onf? jynfol@ v$wfawmftqifhwGif ygwDA[dkaumfrwDrS &mxm;ay;olrsm;/ jynfe,f/ wdkif;/ +rdK@e,f/ &yfuGuf/ aus;¶Gmtkyfpk tqifhrsm;wGif a'oygwDaumfrwDrS &mxm;ay;olrsm;tm; ESpfoufoabmusonfjzpfap/ rESpfoufonf jzpfap a¶G;cs,fay;=u&onf? jzpfonfhenf;ESifh &atmifaqmif¶Gufay;=u&ojzifh rormr_rsm;¶SdcJhonf? trJyHk; rSrJrsm; tjzLyHk;odk@aemufydkif;wGifajymif;xnfhjcif;rsm;¶SdcJhonf? 'kwd,t}udrfjynfol@v$wfawmfESifhjynfol@aumifpDtqifhqifha¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufyGJrsm;udk 1978 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (1)&ufae@rSpI (15)&ufae@txdjyKvkyfcJhonf? 'kwd,t}udrfjynfol@v$wfawmftwGuf owfrSwf xm;onfhrJqENe,faygif;(464)ck¶SdcJhonf? wwd,t}udrfjynfol@v$wfawmfudkzGJ@pnf;Edkif&ef wwd,t}udrf jynfol@v$wfawmfESifhjynfol@aumifpDtqifhqifha¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufyGJrsm;udk 1981 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (4) &ufae@rSpI (30)&ufae@txdjyKvkyfcJhonf? wwd,t}udrfjynfol@v$wfawmftwGuf owfrSwfxm;onfh rJqENe,faygif;(475)ck¶SdcJhonf? pwkwˆt}udrfjynfol@v$wfawmfudkzGJ@pnf;Edkif&eftwGuf pwkwˆt}udrf jynfol@ v$wfawmfESifhjynfol@aumifpDtqifhqifha¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufyGJrsm;udk 1985 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (6)&uf ae@rSpI (20)&ufae@txdusif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf? pwkwˆt}udrfjynfol@v$wfawmftwGuf owfrSwfxm;onfh rJqENe,faygif;(489)ck¶SdcJhonf? 1972 ckESpfu ppfbufrSt+idrf;pm;,lI t&yf0wfajymif;0wfcJh=uonfh awmfvSefa&;aumifpD0ifrsm; jzpfonfh OD;ae0if;(,cifAdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;)onf &efukefwdkif;/ r&rf;ukef;rJqENe,ftrSwf(1)rSvnf;aumif;/ OD;pdef0if;(,cifAdkvfrª;csKyfpdef0if;)onf weoFm&Dwdkif;/ xm;0,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)rSvnf;aumif;/ OD;aomif; =unf(,cifAdkvfrª;}uD;aomif;=unf)onf ppfudkif;wdkif;/ a¶$bdkrJqENe,ftrSwf(1)rSvnf;aumif;/ OD;ausmfpdk; (,cifAdkvfrª;}uD;ausmfpdk;)onf yJcl;wdkif;/ ewWvif;rJqENe,ftrSwf(2)rSvnf;aumif;/ OD;oef;pdef(,cifAdkvfrª; }uD;oef;pdef)onf rauG;wdkif;/ yckuULrJqENe,ftrSwf(2)rSvnf;aumif;/ a'gufwmvS[ef(,cifAdkvfrª;}uD;vS [ef)onf {&m0wDwdkif;/ zsmyHkrJqENe,ftrSwf(1)rSvnf;aumif;/ a'gufwmarmifvGif(,cifAdkvfrª;}uD;armif vGif)onf rEWav;wdkif;/ ausmufqnfrJqENe,ftrSwf(1)rSvnf;aumif;/ OD;armifarmifc(,cifAdkvfrª;}uD; armifarmifc)onf &efukefwdkif;/ vd_ifrJqENe,ftrSwf(2)rSvnf;aumif; a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufcHcJh=u&onf? jynfaxmifpkqdk¶S,fvpforRwjrefrmEdkifiHawmfacwf? 1974 ckESpf/ rwfv (2)&ufae@wGif jynfaxmifpkqdk¶S,fvpforRwjrefrmEdkifiHawmf jynfol@v$wfawmf yxrt}udrftpnf;ta0;udk &efukef+rdK@/ tvHkvrf;/ tpdk;&a*[m0if;twGif;¶Sd A[dktpnf;ta0;cef;rY pwif - 12 -

usif;ycJhonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f(450)pHknDwufa&mufcJh=uonf? tpnf;ta0;pwifusif;y onfhyxrae@wGif awmfvSefa&;aumifpD OuUX OD;ae0if;u “,ae@ ,cktcsdefrSpI EdkifiHawmftcsKyftjcmtm %mudk rlvydkif¶Siftppfjzpfol wdkif;&if;om;jynfolrsm;tm;udk,fpm;jyKonfh Tjynfol@v$wfawmfudk awmf vSefa&;aumifpDrS jyefvnftyfESif;a=umif; awmfvSefa&;aumifpD.udk,fpm; a=ujimtyfygonf”[k a=unmcJh onf? qufvufwnf¶Sd&efrvdktyfawmhojzifh awmfvSefa&;aumifpDtm;zsufodrf;a=umif;udkvnf; a=unmcJh onf? tajccHOya'ESifhtnD 1974 ckESpf/ rwfv (2)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfyxrtpnf;ta0;udk usif;y+yD; EdkifiHawmftm%mudk jynfol@v$wfawmfodk@ v$Jajymif;ay;tyfcJhjcif;jzpfonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfonf EdkifiHom;rsm;. udk,fpm; EdkifiHawmf.tcsKyftjcmtm%mudk cH,lusifhoHk; aom EdkifiHawmf. tjrifhqHk;tm%mydkiftzGJ@tpnf;jzpfonf? jynfol@v$wfawmf. yHkrSwfoufwrf;onf jynfol@v$wfawmfyxrt}udrftpnf;ta0;usif;yonfh ae@rSpI (4)ESpfjzpfonf? EdkifiHawmfOya'jyKtm%monf jynfol@v$wfawmfwGifomwnf¶Sdonf? EdkifiHawmf. pDrHcef@cGJr_tm %mESifh w&m;pD&ifr_tm%mwdk@udkrl jynfol@v$wfawmfonf A[dkESifha'oqdkif&m tm%mydkiftzGJ@tpnf;rsm; tm; zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'ESifhtnDcGJa0tyfESif;Edkifonf[k 1974 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkqdk¶S,fvpforRwjrefrm EdkifiHawmf zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya' wGifjyXmef;yg¶Sdonf? xdk@aemuf jynfol@v$wfawmfu tzGJ@0if(28)OD;yg0ifaom jynfaxmifpkqdk¶S,fvpforRwjrefrmEdkifiH awmf. EdkifiHawmfaumifpDudk a¶G;cs,fzGJ@pnf;cJhonf? EdkifiHawmfaumifpD0ifrsm;u wzef EdkifiHawmfaumifpD. OuUX tjzpf OD;ae0if;tm;vnf;aumif;/ twGif;a&;rª;tjzpf AdkvfcsKyf}uD;pef;,ktm;vnf;aumif; a¶G;cs,fwif ajr‡muf=uonf? Todk@jzifh jynfaxmifpkqdk¶S,fvpforRwjrefrmEdkifiHawmf zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya' yk'fr(66)t& OD;ae0if;onf jynfaxmifpkqdk¶S,fvpforRwjrefrmEdkifiHawmf. yxrorRw jzpfvmcJhonf? vlxkqENrygbJ ppfwyfrSodrf;,lxm;cJhonfhtm%mudk&,lxm;cJhonfh awmfvSefa&;aumifpD OuUX OD;ae0if;xH jynfaxmifpk qdk¶S,fvpforRwjrefrmEdkifiHawmf. orRw OD;ae0if;xHodk@ vlxkxHrSw&m;0iftm%mtyfESif;onfhtoGif a&muf¶SdoGm;cJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (23)&ufae@wGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDta&;ay:ygwDnDvmcHudk usdKuU qHuGif;q&mpHcef;rYpwifusif;ycJhonf? xdknDvmcHwGif ygwDOuUX}uD; OD;ae0if;u rwfvESifhZGefv ta&; tcif;jzpfcJh&r_wGif oG,f0dkufaomenf;jzifh wm0efruif;[k ,lqaoma=umifhvnf;aumif;/ touft¶G,f axmufvmjcif;a=umifhvnf;aumif; ygwDOuUXwm0efESifh ygwD0iftjzpfrS EkwfxGufcGifhjyK&ef arwWm&yfcHcJh onf? ‚if;ESifhwygwnf; EkwfxGufcGifhjyKEdkif&eftwGuf vkyfazmfudkifzufrsm;jzpf=uaom OD;pef;,k/ OD;at;udk/ OD;pdefvGif/ ol&OD;xGef;wifESifh ol&OD;ausmfxifwdk@uvnf; EkwfxGufv$mwifxm;a=umif; ajym=um;cJhonf? wcsdefwnf;rSmyif nDvmcHodk@ wpfygwDpepfESifhygwDpHkpepf ESpfckteuf rnfonfhpepfudka¶G;cs,f a=umif;/ wpfjynfvHk;a¶G;aumufyGJusif;y+yD; tqHk;tjzwfcH,l&ef/ ygwDpHkpepfudkaxmufcHv#if xGufvdkolrsm;. qENudkvdkufav#mcGifhjyK+yD;/ usefygwD0ifrsm;u EdkifiHawmf.wm0efrsm;udkqufvufxrf;aqmif&ef/ rnfonfh pepfudkvlxkuaxmufcHapumrl ygwDOuUXtaejzifh EdkifiHa&;udkausmcdkif;rnfjzpfa=umif;/ aemifwGifqlylr_jzpf ygu wyfrawmfudk xda&mufpGmtoHk;csa&;wdk@udk rdef@=um;oGm;cJhonf? nDvmcHu jynfvHk;u|wfqENcH,lyGJusif;ya&;tm; y,fcsvdkuf+yD;/ ygwDOuUXESifh 'kwd,OuUXwdk@udk ygwD0iftjzpfrSEkwfxGufcGifhrjyKbJ tem;,lcGifhay;cJhonf? EkwfxGufcGifhwifjyxm;aom tjcm;acgif;aqmifrsm; udkvnf; EkwfxGufcGifhrjyKcJhay? Zlvdkifv (26)&ufae@wGif usif;yaom A[dkaumfrwD 'ort}udrftpnf;ta0;wGif OD;pdefvGiftm; ygwDOuUXtjzpf wifajr‡mufcJhonf? xdk@jyif EdkifiHawmf0ef}uD;csKyfOD;armifarmifcESifh jynfol@Oya'tusdK;aqmif

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tzGJ@OuUX OD;jrifharmifwdk@tm; rwfvtwGif;jzpfyGm;cJhaom ta&;tcif;wGif jzpfay:vmaomudpPrsm;twGuf wm0efruif;a=umif;awG@¶Sd&ojzifh &mxl;rSEkwfy,fcJhonf? Zlvdkifv (27)&ufae@wGif pwkwˆt}udrfjynfol@v$wfawmf ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;udk qufvufusif; y&m ,if;tpnf;ta0;u OD;pdefvGiftm; EdkifiHawmfaumifpDOuUXESifh EdkifiHawmforRwtjzpf a¶G;cs,fwif ajr‡mufcJhonf? xdk@jyif EdkifiHawmfaumifpDtwGif;a&;rª;tjzpf ol&OD;ausmfxif/ EdkifiHawmf0ef}uD;csKyftjzpfol&OD; xGef;wifESifh jynfol@Oya'tusdK;aqmif tzGJ@OuUXtjzpf a'gufwmarmifarmifwdk@udk a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufcJh=u onf? jzpfyGm;cJhaomta&;tcif;jzpfyGm;cJhaom xdef;odrf;cJh&r_wdk@udk wm0ef,laomtm;jzifh 1988 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (12)&ufae@wGif OD;pdefvGifonf jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD OuUX tjzpfrSvnf;aumif;/ EdkifiH awmforRwESifh EdkifiHawmfaumifpD OuUX tjzpfrSvnf;aumif; E_wfxGufcJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (19)&ufae@wGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD/ ygwDA[dkaumfrwD (11)}udrf ajrmuftpnf;ta0;udk &efukef+rdK@/ jynfol@v$wfawmftpnf;ta0;cef;rY usif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf? xdktpnf; ta0;rS a'gufwmarmifarmiftm; jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD OuUX tjzpf a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufcJhonf? xdk@ aemuf qufvufusif;yaom pwkwˆt}udrf jynfol@v$wfawmfta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;rS a'gufwmarmif armiftm; EdkifiHawmfaumifpD OuUX ESifh EdkifiHawmforRwtjzpf wifajr‡mufcJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (10)&ufae@wGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD/ ta&;ay:ygwDnDvmcHudk &efukef+rdK@/ jynfol@v$wfawmftpnf;ta0;cef;rY usif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf? xdknDvmcHu ygwDpHkpepfjzifh taxG axGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;y&ef qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwfcJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (18)&ufae@wGif wyfrawmf(e-0-w)rS tm%modrf;,lcJhonf? EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@(e0w)acwf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ arv (27)&ufae@wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ}uD;udk usif;ycJhonf? owfrSwfxm;onfh rJqENe,f(492)e,f¶Sdonfhteuf (485)e,fwGif a¶G;aumufyGJusif;yEdkifcJhonfhtwGuf wjynfvHk;wGif (98²58)e,fajrrsm;wGif a¶G;aumufyGJusif;yEdkifcJhjcif;jzpfonf? rJay;ydkifcGifh¶SdolOD;a& oef;(20) ausmf¶Sdonfhteuf (15)oef;ausmfvma&mufrJay;cJhojzifh qENrJay;r_&mcdkifE_ef;tm;jzifh (72)&mcdkifE_ef;ausmf¶Sd cJhonf? jrefrmEdkifiHwGif usif;y+yD;or#aom ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif rJay;r_&mcdkifE_ef; trsm;qHk;a¶G;aumufyGJjzpfonf? a¶G;aumufyGJwGif 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJhonfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;aygif; (93)zGJ@¶SdcJh+yD;/ ygwDudk,fpm;jyKv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(2209)OD;/ woD;yk*~v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f avmif;(87)OD;¶SdcJhonf? jrefrmhordkif;wGif ygwDta&twGuftrsm;qHk; a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifcJhjcif;jzpfonf? 1990 jynfhESpf a¶G;aumufyGJwGif rJjym;/ rJyHk; toHk;jyKonfhpepftpm; rJqENyHkpHpm¶Gufpepfodk@ ajymif; vJusifhoHk;cJhojzifh rJcdk;r_/ rJvdrfr_rsm; yaysmufoGm;cJha=umif;awG@¶Sd&onf? jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;ordkif;wGif wygwD pepfrS ygwDpHkpepfodk@ ul;ajymif;onfha¶G;aumufyGJjzpfonf? jrefrmhordkif;wGifusif;ycJhonfh ygwDpHkpepf a¶G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif aoG;xGufoH,dkr_ESifht=urf;zufr_ tuif;¶Sif;qHk;ESifh tr#wqHk;a¶G;aumufyGJtjzpf rSwf wrf;wif&rnfjzpfayonf?

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jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmf ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmfwGif &[ef;&Sifvl ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;ESifh jynfoltrsm;. 'Drdku a&pDawmif;qkdr_qENjyr_t&Sdeft[kefonf 1988 ckESpf/ =o*kwfvESifhpufwifbmvwkd@wGif tjrifhrm;qkH;okd@ a&muf&SdcJhonf? xkdpOfujzpfay:cJhaomtajctaet&yf&yfa=umifh 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (11)&ufae@ wGifusif;ycJhaom jynfaxmifpkqkd&S,fvpforRwjrefrmEkdifiHawmf pwkwˆt}udrfjynfol@v$wfawmf ta&;ay: tpnf;ta0;u wygwDpepfESifhygwDpkHpepfteuf rnfonfhpepfukdvkdvm;ESpfoufa=umif; jynfol@qENcH,lyGJ usif;yjcif;rðyawmhbJ ygwDpkHpepfjzifh taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk (3)twGif;usif;yay;&efqkH;jzwfcJhonf? xkdqkH; jzwfcsufESifhtnD ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sifw&yf zGJ@pnf;ay;a&;twGuf EkdifiHawmfaumifpDu jynfol@v$wfawmfodk@tqkdðywifjycJhonf? EkdifiHawmfaumifpD.tqkdðywifjycsuft& jynfol@v$wfawmfu 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (11)&uf ae@wGif atmufygqkH;jzwfcsufrsm;udkcsrSwfcJhonf? (u) ygwDpkHpepfjzifh taxGaxGa&Ga;umufyGJusif;yay;&ef/ (c) ygwDpkHpepfjzifh taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;yEkdifa&;twGuf t[ef@twm;jzpfaeaom tajccH Oya'yg oufqkdif&mjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh tjcm;Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;ukd y,fzsufEkdifa&;twGuf jynfol@v$wfawmfu EkdifiHawmfaumifpDokd@v$Jtyf&ef/ (*) tajccHOya' yk'fr (43)/ yk'frcGJ (u) t& pwkwˆt}udrfjynfol@v$wfawmf. ykHrSefoufwrf;onf taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;y+yD;I jynfol@v$wfawmftopfpwifpnf;a0;onfhae@txdom jzpf a=umif; av#mhayghowfrSwf&ef/ (C) pwkkwˆt}udrfjynfol@v$wfawmf yOPrtpnf;ta0;uzGJ@pnf;ay;xm;aom a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sifukd zsufodrf;ay;&ef/ (i) w&m;r#waomtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ atmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdifa&;twGuf a&G;aumufyGJaumf r&SifwGif atmufazmfjyygyk*~dKvfrsm;ukd a&G;cs,fwm0efay;tyf&ef ² ² ² (1) OD;baX; ² ² ² t+idrf;pm; b¾mawmfrif;}uD;? (2) OD;ausmf!Gef@ ² ² ² t+idrf;pm; uae'gEkdifiHqkdif&mjrefrmoHtrwf}uD;? (3) OD;pef;armif ² ² ² t+idrf;pm; ac|wmpkaqmif;a&;ESifhtmrcHpmcsKyfrsm;rif;}uD;? (4) OD;apm=um'dk; ² ² ² t+idrf;pm; AdkvfrSL;csKyf? (5) q&mcs,f ² ² ² ,cif ygvDreftrwfESifhjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f? (p) a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifwGif tzGJ@0ifOD;a&wkd;jcif;/ vpfvyfonfhae&mwGif tpm;xkd;jcif;udpPrsm; aqmif&GufykdifcGifhukd jynfol@v$wfawmfu EkdifiHawmfaumifpDodk@v$Jtyf&ef/ (q) ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ukd rSwfykHwifjcif;/ a&G;aumufyGJpnf;rsOf;/ pnf;urf;rsm;ESifh vkyfief;wm0ef rsm;a&;qGJjyXmef;ay;jcif;wkd@ukd aumfr&SifESifh!d‡Ed_if;aqmif&Gufay;a&;twGuf jynfol@v$wfawmf u EkdifiHawmfaumifpDodk@v$Jtyf&ef/ (Z) taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk jynfol@v$wfawmftwGufomusif;y&ef/

- 15 -

(ps) taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;yrnfhae@onf ,ae@rSpIokH;vjynfhaomae@[k owfrSwfay;&ef/ odk@aomf ay:aygufvmrnfhygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sifodk@t}uHðycsuft& ,ae@rSpI wvcGJjynfhaomae@xufrapmbJjzpfap/ oHk;vausmfvGefonfhtcgjzpfap jyifqif owfrSwfusif;yEkdifonfhvkyfykdifcGifhudk jynfol@v$wfawmfu EkdifiHawmfaumifpDokd@v$Jtyf&ef? ,if;odk@ jynfol@v$wfawmfu aumfr&SifudkzGJ@pnf;ay;+yD;onfhaemuf 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (12) &ufae@ eHeuf(9)em&DtcsdefwGif EkdifiHawmforRw a'gufwmarmifrmif/ EkdifiHawmf'kwd,orRw OD;at;ukd/ EkdifiHawmfaumifpDtwGif;a&;rSL; ol&OD;ausmfxif/ EkdifiHawmf0ef}uD;csKyf ol&OD;xGef;wifwkd@ESifh a&G;aumufyGJ aumfr&Sifvl}uD;rsm;jzpf=uaom OD;baX;/ OD;apm=um'kd;/ OD;pef;armif/ q&mcs,f/ OD;ausmf!Gef@wkd@ awG@qkHaqG; aEG;=uonf? ,if;tpnf;ta0;odk@ EkdifiHawmfaumifpD&kH;!¸ef=um;a&;rSL;csKyf OD;ausmf0if;(,ckEkdifiHawmfw&m; &kH;csKyfw&m;ol}uD;)ESifh aumfr&Sif&kH;csKyf!¸ef=um;a&;rSL; OD;at;armif(,ck!¸ef=um;a&;rSL;csKyf)wkd@vnf; wuf a&muf=uonf? xkdtpnf;ta0;Y EkdifiHawmforRwtrª;ðyonfhEkdifiHawmfaumifpD0ifrsm;u tvGwfvyfqkH; ESifhtr#wqkH; ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;ukd tjrefqkH;atmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdifa&;ESifhywfouf I aumfr&SifuvGwfvGwfvyfvyfaqmif&GufEkdif&ef EkdifiHawmfaumifpDutaxmuftulðy&rnfhudpP&yfrsm;udk aqG;aEG;=u+yD;/ aumfr&SiftzGJ@0ifvl}uD;rsm;onf OD;baX;tm; aumfr&SifOuUÏtjzpfa&G;cs,fwm0efay;cJh=u onf? xkd@aemuf aumfr&SiftwGif;a&;rª;tjzpf OD;at;armiftm; wm0efay;tyfcJh=uonf? “ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶Sif” ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶Sif a=unmcsuf trSwf (1) (1350 jynfhESpf/ awmfovif;vqef; 2 &uf) (1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv 12 &uf) 1? Taumfr¶SiftzGJ@0ifrsm;onf touft¶G,ft& tbufbufrS tem;,lae=uaom yk*~dKvfrsm;jzpf =uI rnfonfhygwD EdkifiHa&;udkr# qufvufvkyfudkif&ef &nf¶G,fcsuf¶Sd=uolrsm;r[kwf=uyg? rdrdwdk@. udk,f a&;udk,fwmtwGufvnf; wpfpHkwpf&m ar#mfrSef;xm;jcif;¶Sdolrsm; r[kwf=uyg? odk@&mwGif ,ae@jzpfay:ae aom wdkif;jynf.tajctaet& EdkifiHawmfaumifpDu Taumfr¶SiftzGJ@0ifrsm;tm; taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ }uD;udk vGwfvyfpGm =um;0ifaqmif¶Gufay;&ef arwWm&yfcHcsuft&vnf;aumif;/ 11-9-88 &ufae@u jynfol@ v$wfawmftpnf;ta0;wGif EdkifiHawmforRw. rdef@=um;csuftwdkif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr¶Sif. vkyfief;rsm;udk EdkifiHawmfaumifpDu wpfpHkwpf&m pGufzufr_rjyK¶Hkomru aumfr¶Sif. vdktyfaomtultnDrsm;udk ay;rnf[k tmrcHcsufay;+yD;v#if a¶G;aumufyGJrsm;udk tvGwfvyfqHk;/ tr#w qHk;/ tjrefqHk;jyKvkyfay;yg&ef arwWm&yfcHcJh&m taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJudpPrsm;wGif aumfr¶Sifonf vGwfvyf pGmaqmif¶GufEdkifcGifh¶Sdonf[k ,Hk=unfjcif;a=umifhvnf;aumif;/ aumfr¶SiftzGJ@0ifrsm;onf apwemtjynfh t0jzifh wwfpGrf;or#aqmif¶Gufay;&ef Taumfr¶SifwGif yg0ifcJh=ujcif;jzpfygonf? 2? odk@ygI ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;rsm;ukd r=umrDusif;y&eftwGuf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD udkawmif;qdkae=uaom &[ef;¶Sifvl ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;/ jynfolrsm;tygt0if wm0ef¶Sdaom acgif;aqmifrsm;onf Taumfr¶SifESifh yl;aygif;ulnDaqmif¶Guf=u+yD; vdktyfaom t}uHOm%frsm;ay;=uyg&ef av;pm;pGm zdwfac:tyfygonf? - 16 -

(yHk) baX; OuUX ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr¶Sifudk rlvpwifzGJ@pnf;pOfu ² ² ² OuUX ² ² ² OD;baX; (t+idrf;pm; b¾mawmfrif;}uD;) twGif;a&;rª; ² ² ² OD;at;armif (!$ef=um;a&;rª;csKyf) tzGJ@0ifrsm;tjzpf ² ² ² (1) OD;ausmf!Gef@ (t+idrf;pm; uae'gEdkifiHqdkif&mjrefrmoHtrwf}uD;) (2) OD;pef;armif (t+idrf;pm; ac|wmpkaqmif;a&;ESifhtmrcHpmcsKyfrsm;rif;}uD;) (3) OD;apm=um'dk; (t+idrf;pm; Adkvfrª;csKyf) (4) q&mcs,f (,cif ygvDreftrwfESifh ,cif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f) wdk@(6)OD;jzifh vkyfief;wm0efrsm;aqmif¶Gufae&mrS 1996 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (24)&ufae@wGif tzGJ@0if q&mcs,f uG,fvGeftedpPa&mufcJhojzifh OuUX/ twGif;a&;rª;/ tzGJ@0if(3)OD;/ aygif;(5)OD;jzifh vkyfief;rsm;qufvufaqmif ¶GufcJh&m 1999 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (12)&ufae@wGif tzGJ@0if OD;apm=um'dk; uG,fvGeftedpPa&mufcJhjyefojzifh EdkifiH awmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifhzGH@+zdK;a&;aumifpDrS 1999 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (2)&ufae@ &ufpGJyg trdef@a=umfjim pmtrSwf(47§99)jzifh aumfr¶SiftwGif;a&;rª; OD;at;armiftm; aumfr¶SiftwGif;a&;rª;wm0eftjyif aumfr ¶SiftzGJ@0iftjzpf wm0efay;cef@tyfcJhonf? 2000 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (14)&ufae@wGif aumfr¶Sif OuUX OD;baX; uG,fvGeftedpPa&mufcJh jyefonf? odk@jzpfI aumfr¶Sifonf rdrdtm;ay;tyfxm;aom wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk qufvufaqmif¶GufEdkif a&;ESifh tzGJ@tpnf;wck.t*Fg&yfESifhjynfhpHkap&ef aumfr¶SiftzGJ@0ifrsm;teufrS touft¶G,ft}uD;qHk;jzpfol OD;pef;armiftm; aumfr¶Sif. ,m,DOuUX tjzpfowfrSww f m0efay;cJh+yD; aumfr¶Sif.vkyfief;rsm;udkqufvuf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (3)&ufae@wGif aumfr¶SifOuUX OD;pef;armif uG,fvGeftedpPa&mufcJhjyefonf? wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyf}uD;apmarmif(,ckuG,fvGef)onf pwkwˆt}udrfjynfol@ v$wfawmfta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;uqkH;jzwfvkdufaom ygwDpHkyg0ifonfha&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufyGJrsm;usif;y&mwGif wyfrª;}uD;rsm;ESifhwuG tqifhtm;vkH;odk@ atmufygtwkdif;vkdufemaqmif&Guf&ef 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (12)&ufae@wGif jrefrmh&kyfjrifoH=um;ESifhjrefrmhtoHwkd@rSrdef@=um;cJhonf ² ² ² (1) vGwfvGwfvyfvyfESifhw&m;r#wr_t&SdqkH;jzpfatmif t*wdav;yg;rvkdufpm;bJ wyfrawmfom; wOD;csif;taejzifh rdrdqENtwkdif;vGwfvyfpGmqENrJay;Ekdif&efpDpOfay;+yD; wduspGmvkdufem=u&ef jzpfa=umif;/ (2) &mxl;tqifhtvkduf t&Sdeft0g/ =oZmtm%mukdtokH;ðy+yD; rdrdvufatmufcHwyfzGJ@0ifrsm;odk@ vnf;aumif;/ rdrda&muf&Sd&ma'o&Sdjynfolrsm;okd@vnf;aumif;/ rdrdwkd@vkdvm;onfhtzGJ@tpnf; wckckwGifyg0ifaomudk,fpm;vS,fukd rJxnfhyg[k trdef@ay;jcif;/ !$ef=um;jcif;/ +cdrf;ajcmufjcif;/ t=uyfudkifjcif;/ ajcmufvSef@jcif;/ pnf;&kH;jcif; vkH;0rðyvkyf&efjzpfa=umif;/ (3) a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufyGJtwGuf owfrSwfjyXmef;xm;onfh Oya'/ enf;Oya'/ pnf;rsOf;pnf; urf;rsm;udk wdusav;pm;pGmvkdufemapmifhxdef;=u&rnfjzpfa=umif;/ (4) Ttcsufrsm;ukd t&m&Sdrsm;tqifhomod&Sdae&kHomru atmufajctqifhESifhrdom;pkrsm;twGif; txdod&Sdem;vnf&eftwGuf aqmif&Guf=u&rnfjzpfa=umif;/ - 17 -

(5) rdrdwdk@onf wyfrawmfom;rsm;jzpfonfESifhtnD e,fbufOya'omru wyfrawmfqkdif&m Oya'rsm;ukdvkdufemusifhokH;&olrsm;jzpfa=umif; t+rJowdcsyf+yD;/ r=umrDusif;yrnfh a&G;cs,fwif ajr‡mufyGJudk wyfrawmfom;wOD;csif;.*k%foduQm/ wyfrawmfw&yfvkH;.*k%foduQudk xdcdkufap rnfh tajymtqkd/ trltusifhrsm;rðyvkyfrd&eftwGuftxl;owdðyvkdufem=u&ef !Gef=um;vkduf a=umif;? wkdif;jynf.tajctaeonf wjznf;jznf;,dk,Gif;vm+yD; vrf;yef;qufoG,fr_rsm;jywfawmufjcif;/ e,frSqefESifhpm;aomufukefrsm; &efukefokd@a&muf&Sdjcif;r&Sdaoma=umifh &efuefòrd@aejynfolrsm;twGuf pm; eyf&duQmrsm;tcuftcJóuHawG@&jcif; 0efxrf;tcsdK@uvnf; qENjyyGJrsm;wGifyg0ifqENjyaeojzifh &kH;vkyfief;rsm; &yfqdkif;v#uf&Sdjcif;/ rormoltcsdK@uvnf; EkdifiHawmfykdifpuf&kHtvkyf&kHrsm;/ &kH;Xmersm;ESifhwuUodkvfrsm;rS EkdifiHawmfykdifypPnf;rsm;udk vk,ufjcif;/ zsufqD;jcif;ESifh Oya'vufvGwf vlykHtv,fwGif rif;rJhp&dkufjzifhacgif; jzwfowfjzwfjcif; ponfhtajctaersm; wpwpwdk;yGm;qkd;0g;vmcJhonf? xkdtajctaeqkd;rsm;udkukpm;Ekdifrnfh wckwnf;aomenf;vrf;onf vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waom ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk tjrefqkH;atmifjrifpGmusif;yay;&efomjzpfa=umif; aumfr&Sifu pGJ+rJpGm,kH=unfcJhonfhtavsmuf ,if;odk@ ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudkusif;y&mwGif 0efxrf;rsm; onf rnfonfhygwDtzGJ@tpnf;0ifr#r[kwfygrS EkdifiHawmfwm0efrsm;ukdvnf;aumif;/ a&G;aumufyGJvkyfief;rsm; ukdvnf;aumif; bufrvkdufbJacsmarG@pGmaqmif&GufEkdifrnfjzpfa=umif;/ vuf&Sdjrefrmqkd&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD 0ifrsm;jzpf=uaom wyfrawmfom;rsm;ESifh0efxrf;rsm;onf EkdifiHawmfwGif ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDpepfukdusifhokH;aom tcg jrefrmhqkd&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDtygt0if aemifzGJ@pnf;vwWWH@aomygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;wGif tzGJ@0ifrsm;t jzpfyg0ifcGifhðyygu XmetwGif;pdwf0rf;uGJr_rsm;jzpfay:Ekdif+yD; EkdifiHawmf.,EW&m;vnfywfr_udkyif xdcdkufEkdifrnf [kxifjrifa=umif;/ odk@ygI ,cktcsdefrSpwif+yD; wyfrawmfom;rsm;ESifh0efxrf;rsm;onf rnfonfhEkdifiHa&;ygwD tzGJ@tpnf;0ifr#rjzpfapa&;twGufaqmif&Gufoifhyga=umif; aumfr&Sifu 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (15) &ufae@wGif EkdifiHawmfaumifpDokd@arwWm&yfcHcJhonf? aumfr&Sif.arwWm&yfcHcsuft& EkdifiHawmfaumifpDu 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (16)&ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf(14§88)udk atmufygtwkdif;xkwfjyefcJhonf? jynfaxmifpkqkd&S,fvpforRwjrefrmEkdifiHawmf EkdifiHawmfaumifpD a=unmcsuf 14§88 &efukef+rdK@/ 1350 jynfhESpf/ awmfovif;vqef; 6 &uf (1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv 16 &uf) jynfol@0efxrf;rsm;ESihfywfoufonfha=unmcsuf? 1? ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sifvl}uD;rsm;tm; jynfol@v$wfawmfutyfESif;+yD; jzpfonfh taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrsm;ukt d vGwfvyfqkH;/ tr#wqkH;ESifhtjrefqkH;usif;yEkdif&efjyifqifaqmif&Guf =u&mwGif aumfr&Siftm; EkdifiHawmfaumifpDutpGrf;ukeftaxmuftulðyrnfjzpfyga=umif;ESihf ppfrSefonfh 'Drkdua&pDudkvufcHaom ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udk r#r#wwrSwfykHwifay;&efESifh ,if;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;onf - 18 -

w&m;r#wpGmwef;wl,SOfòydifEkdif=ua&;twGufvnf; vkdtyfaompnf;rsOf;vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;udk owfrSwf=u yg&ef aumfr&Siftm;EkdifiHawmfaumifpDuarwWm&yfcHcJh+yD;jzpfygonf? 2? aumfr&Sifonf atmufygpnf;rsOf;w&yfukdt}uHðycJhygonf? ,if;t}uHðycsufESifhtnD EkdifiHawmfaumifpD onf atmufyga=unmcsufudkxkwfjyefvkdufonf ² ² ² jynfol@0efxrf;rsm;onf EkdifiHawmftay:opPmxm;I jynfol@0efudkomxrf;aqmif&rnfjzpfojzifh ygwDpkHpepfwGifusifhokH;cJhonfhtpOftvmESifhtnD jynfol@wyfrawmf/ jynfol@&JwyfzGJ@paom um uG,fa&;wyfzGJ@0ifrsm;/ jynfol@0efxrf;tzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;/ EkdifiHykdifpD;yGm;a&;/ bkwfaumfykda&;&Sif; tzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;rS 0efxrf;rsm;ESifh EkdifiHawmfb¾mrS vpmcHpm;=uaom tjcm;0efxrf;rsm;onf ,ae@rSpI jrefrmhqkd&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDtygt0if rnfonfhEkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;0ifr# rjzpfap&? (ykH) armifarmif OuUÏ EkdifiHawmfaumifpD ygwD0if jynfol@0efxrf;rsm;ESifhywfoufaom ygwDA[dktvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwD. qHk;jzwfcsuf 1350 jynfhESpf/ awmfovif;vqef; 6 &uf (1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv 16 &uf) EdkifiHawmfaumifpDonf 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv 16 &ufpGJyg jynfol@0efxrf;rsm;ESifhywfoufonfh a=unmcsuftrSwf(14§88)ESifhtnD jynfol@0efxrf;rsm;onf EdkifiHawmftay:opPmxm;I jynfol@0efudkom xrf;aqmif&rnfjzpfojzifh ygwDpHkpepfwGif usifhoHk;cJhonfh tpOftvmESifhtnD jynfol@wyfrawmf/ jynfol@ &JwyfzGJ@paom umuG,fa&;wyfzGJ@0ifrsm;/ jynfol@0efxrf;tzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;/ EdkifiHydkif pD;yGm;a&;/ bkwf/ aumf ydka&;¶Sif; tzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;rS 0efxrf;rsm;ESifh EdkifiHawmfb¾mrS vpmcHpm;=uaom tjcm;0efxrf;rsm;tm; ,ae@rSpI jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD/ ygwD0iftjzpfrS E_wfxGufcGifhjyKvdkufonf? (yHk) at;udk taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª; jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD EkdifiHawmfaumifpDu txyfyga=unmcsufudkxkwfjyefvkdufonfhtwGuf jrefrmhqkd&S,fvpfvrf;pOf ygwDwGif ygwD0ifjzpf=uaom wyfrawmfom;rsm;/ jynfol@&JwyfzGJ@0ifrsm;tygt0if 0efxrf;rsm;tm;vkH;onf xkdae@rSpI jrefrmhqkd&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD0iftjzpfrS&yfpJoGm;cJhonf? odk@aomf xdktcsdeftcguqENjyawmif;qkdr_t&Sdeft[kefonf &yfweff@jcif;r&Sdao;bJ tcsdK@&kH;wufvkd onfh0efxrf;rsm;onf +cdrf;ajcmufr_trsdK;rdsK;ESifhóuHawG@cJh&onf? xkdodk@ EkdifiHawmf.tbufbufrS,dk,Gif;ae aomtajctaeESifh vrf;yef;qufoG,fr_jywfawmufaeonfhtajctaewdk@a=umifh aumfr&Sifonfrdrd. t"duwm0efjzpfonfh ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJvkyfief;rsm;ukdpwifEkdif&ef tcuftcJESifhóuHawG@ cJh&onf? EkdifiHw0ef;vkH;wGifjzpfay:aeaom txufygtajctaeqkd;rsm;ukd tcsdefrDxdef;odrf;Ekdifa&;twGuf 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (18)&ufae@Y wyfrawmfonf EkdifiHawmf.tm%mt&yf&yfukd vkH;0wm0ef,lcJh onf? - 19 -

wyfrawmfuwm0ef,l+yD;onfESifhwòydifeuf EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ukdzGJ@pnf; +yD;v#if ,if;tzGJ@u 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (18)&ufpGJyg atmufyga=unmcsuftrSwf(1§88)udk xkwf jyefa=unmcJhonf ² ² ² EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ a=unmcsuftrSwf 1§88 1350 jynhfESpf/ awmfovif;vqef; (8)&uf 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (18)&uf 1? EkdifiHawmfw0ef;vkH;wGif tbufbufrS,dk,Gif;aeaomtajctaeudk tcsdefrDxdef;odrf;Ekdfif&eftwGuf jynfoljynfom;tm;vkH;tudsK;iSm wyfrawmfonf atmufygvufiif;vkyfief;wm0efrsm;udkxrf;aqmif&ef ,ae@rSpI EkdifiHawmf.tm%mt&yf&yfudkvkH;0wm0ef,lvkdufonf ² ² ² (u) w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;/ e,fajrat;csrf;om,ma&;/ (c) vrf;yef;qufoG,fr_ vkHòcHacsmarG@apa&;/ (*) jynfolrsm;.pm;0wfaea&;acsmifvnfap&ef TtzGJ@rStpGrf;ukefóud;yrf;aqmif&Gufay;&efESifh yk*~vdu/ or0g,rwkd@aqmif&GufEkdifatmifvnf; wwfEkdifor#ulnDaqmif&Gufay;Ekdifa&;/ (C) txufygvkyfief;&yfrsm;jynfhpkH+yD;v#if ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;? 2? ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ atmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdifa&;twGuf vkyfief;taumiftxnf azmfEkdif&ef vuf&SdygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJGusif;ya&;aumfr&Sifukd qufvufxm;&Sdrnf? 3? taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;yonfhtcsdefwGiftqifoifhjzpfaeap&eftwGuf ppfrSefaom'Drkdua&pDudkvufcH usifhokH;rnfhygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;onf ,cktcgrSpIjyifqifzGJ@pnf;Ekdif=uonf? 4? txufygvkyfief;rsm;atmifjrifap&eftwGuf vuf&Sdv_yf&Sm;ae=uaomtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;/ yk*~dKvfrsm;ESifh &[ef;&Sifvljynfolw&yfvkH;u 0kdif;0ef;ulnD&efwdkufwGef;ygonf? (yHk) apmarmif AdkvfcsKyf}uD; OuUÏ EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ xkd@aemuf 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (19)&ufae@ rGef;vGJ(1)em&DftcsdefwGif umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme/ '*kH&dyfomYusif;yrnfhtpnf;ta0;odk@wufa&mufyg&ef EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u aumf r&Siftm;zdwf=um;cJhonf? ,if;tpnf;ta0;odk@ EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ OuUÏ AdkvfcsKyf }uD;apmarmif(,ckuG,fvGef)trSL;ðyonfh tzGJ@0ifrsm;jzpf=uaom 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyf}uD;oef;a&$/ AdkvfcsKyfarmif armifcif(a&)/ AkdvfcsKyfwifxGef;(av)/ AkdvfcsKyfpdefatmif/ AdkvfcsKyfcspfaqG/ twGif;a&;rSL;(1) AdkvfrSL;csKyfcif!Gef@ (,ckAkdvfcsKyf}uD;/ EdkifiHawmf0ef}uD;csKyf)/ twGif;a&;rSL;(2) AdkvfrSL;}uD;wifOD;(,ckuG,fvGef)wkd@ESifh aumfr&Sif OuUÏ OD;baX;trSL;ðyonfh aumfr&Sit f zGJ@0ifrsm;jzpf=uaom OD;apm=um'dk;/ OD;pef;armif/ OD;ausmf!Gef@ESifh aumfr&SiftwGif;a&;rSL; OD;at;armifwkd@wufa&mufcJhonf? tzGJ@0ifq&mcs,fonf tpnf;ta0;odk@wuf a&muf&ef vrf;ydwfaeonfhtwGufcGifhyefcJhonf? tpnf;ta0;wGif EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&; - 20 -

tzGJ@ OuUÏu rdrdwdk@wyfrawmfESifh0effxrf;rsm;onf rnfonfhEkdifiHa&;tzGJ@tpnf;. tzGJ@0ifrsm;r[kwfawmh a=umif;/ rdrdwkd@onf=um;aetzGJ@tpnf;rsm;jzpf+yD; jynfolrsm;ukdtvkyftau|;ðy&rnfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm; jzpf a=umif;/ ,ck jynfolrsm;vkdvm;awmif;waeonfh ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDukd tjrefqkH;taumiftxnfazmfay;Ekdif a&;twGuf ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;ukd tvGwfvyfqkH;/ tr#wqkH;ESifh tjrefqkH; ðyvkyfay; &ef aumfr&SiftzGJ@0ifvl}uD;rsm;udkarwWm&yfcHa=umif;/ aumfr&Sif.vkyfief;rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;+yD; aumfr&SiftzGJ@0if vl}uD;rsm;u rnfol.rsufESmudkr#raxmufxm;bJ ormorwfusus "rR"dÏmefusus w&m;tr#wqkH; aqmif&Gufay;apvkdyga=umif;/ aumfr&Sif.vkyfief;rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I rdrdwdk@onf tzGJ@tpnf;taejzifhaomf vnf;aumif;/ wOD;csiftaejzifhaomfvnf;aumif; óud;udkifr_/ vrf;!$efr_vkH;0ðyvkyfrnfr[kwfa=umif;/ a&G;aumufyGJOya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;a&;qGJ&mwGifvnf; aumfr&SiftzGJ@0ifvl}uD;rsm;u awG@qkHaqG;aEG;vkdaom tzGJ@tpnf;udkjzpfap/ yk*~dKvfwOD;csif;udkjzpfap awG@qkHaqG;aEG;t}uH^m%frsm;&,l+yD; vGwfvGwfvyfvyfa&;qGJ Edkifa=umif;/ aumfr&Sifua&;qGJaxmufcHay;ydk@onfhOya'rsm;udk tjrefqkH;jyÏmef;ay;rnfjzpfyga=umif;/ ygwDpkH 'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;udkatmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdifrnfh vkdtyfonfhtultnDrsm;udkvnf; tjynfh t0ay;oGm;rnfjzpfyga=umif; aqG;aEG;ajym=um;oGm;cJhonf? aumfr&SifOuUÏESifhtzGJ@0ifrsm;onf rdrdwkd@qENjzpfaom vGwfvyfIw&m;r#wonfha&G;aumufyGJukd usif;yEkdifrnf[k,kH=unfaoma=umifh EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@OuUÏ. arwWm&yfcHcsufukd 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;ompGmvufcHcJh=uonf? xkd@aemuf EkdifiHawmf.tajctaeonfvnf; wnf+idrfwkd;wufvm onfESifhtr# [email protected];wnfcsufjzpfaom ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;qkdif&m vkyfief; rsm;jzpfonfh aumfr&SifOya'/ EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfykHwifjcif;Oya'/ jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'wkd@ukd EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ujyÏmef;I EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSefykHwifjcif;enf;Oya'ESifh jynfol@ v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJenf;Oya'wkd@ukd aumfr&SifujyÏmef;+yD;/ vkyfief;rsm;ukdpwiftaumiftxnfazmfEkdifcJh onf? ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifOya' jyÏmef;jcif;? EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (18)&ufpGJyg a=unm csuftrSwf(1§88)jzifh ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;udk}uD;rSL;usif;yay;&ef Ta&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sifukdqufvufwm0efay;tyfcJh&m aumfr&Sifonf rdrd.vkyfief;rsm;ukdtaumiftxnfazmf Ekdifa&;twGuf EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (21)&ufae@wGif ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifOya'(EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ Oya'trSwf - 1§88)ukd jyÏmef;ay;cJhonf? ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;twGuf vkyfief;tpDtpOfESihf tcsdefZ,m;a&;qGJxkwfjyefjcif;? aumfr&Sifonf rdrdtm;ay;tyfxm;onfhwm0efjzpfaom vGwfvyfIw&m;r#wonfhygwDpkH'Drkdua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumfyGJudk atmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdif&eftvkd@iSm EkdifiHawmf.vkHòcHa&;/ w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;/ vrf;yef; qufoG,fa&;ponfh tajctaet&yf&yftay:tajccHvsuf vkyfief;tpDtpOf(26)ckESifh tcsdefZ,m;wkd@ukd 1989 ckESpf/ azaz:0g&Dv (16)&ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf(194)jzifh xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'(rl=urf;)ESifhpyfvsOf;I jynfolrsm;ESifhEkdfifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;xHrS - 21 -

t}uHðycsufrsm;ESifhxifjrifcsufrsm;awmif;cHjcif;? vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waom ygwDpkH'dDrdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk atmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdifa&; twGuf jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'w&yfukd jyÏmef;ay;&efvkdtyfcJhonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G; aumufyGJOya'udkjyÏmef;rnffqkdygu EkdifiHawmf.zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'tay:rDS;Ia&;qGJavh&Sd=uonf? vuf&Sd ajymif;vJvmaomtajctaeESifhtcsdeftcgwdk@a=umifh 1947 ckESpf/ zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'ESifh 1974 ckESpf/ zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'wkd@yg a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;onfhjyÏmef;csufrsm;twdkif; twdtus vkdufemusifhokH;&efrjzpfEkdifawmhonfhtwGuf jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'(rl=urf;)udk atmufygrlrsm; tay: tajccHIa&;qGJcJhonf ² ² ² (1) vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waom ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk pnf;urf;enf;vrf;wus usif;yEkdifa&;/ (2) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH.EkdifiHom;rsm;twGuf 'Drkdua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm;tjynfht0&Sdapa&;/ (3) aemifwacwfwGifEkdifiHacgif;aqmifrsm;jzpf=urnfh ausmif;om;vli,frsm;tm; 'Drkdua&pDtavh tusifhrsm; ðypkydsK;axmifay;a&;/ txufygrlrsm;ukdtajccHI aumfr&Sifonf 1948 ckESpfwGifjyÏmef;chJaom ygvDreftaxGaxGa&G; aumufyGJtufOya'ESifhenf;Oya'rsm;/ 1976 ckESpfwGifjyÏmef;cJhaom jynfol@v$wfawmfESifhjynfol@aumifpD tqifhqifha&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;qkdif&mOya'ESifhenf;Oya'rsm;/ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDusifhokH;vsuf&SdaomEkdifiHtcsdK@ rS a&G;aumufyGJOya'ESifhenf;Oya'rsm;ukdavhvm+yD; jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'(rl=urf;)udk jrefrm EkdifiHESifhvkdufavsmnDaxG&Sdap&ef !d‡Ed_if;aygif;pyfa&;qGJcJhonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'jyÏmef;jcif;? jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'onf jynfolrsm;ESifhoufqkdifaom Oya'w&yfjzpfonf? ,ck tcg zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'r&Sdojzifh jynfolrsm;.oabmxm;udk&,la&;qGJoifha=umif; aumfr&Sifuoabm &&SdcJhonf? xkd@a=umifh aumfr&Sifonf 1989 ckESpf/ rwfv (1)&ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf(242)jzifh jynfol rsm;ESifhEkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;. t}uHðycsufrsm;ESihx f ifjrifcsufrsm;ukday;ydk@&ef&Sdygu aumfr&Sifokd@ 1989 ckESpf/ rwfv (31)&ufae@udkaemufqkH;xm;Iay;ydk@yg&ef jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'(rl=urf;)ukd &Sif;vif;csufrsm;ESifhwuGxkwfjyefI zdwfac:cJhonf? aumfr&Sifonf jynfolrsm;ESifhEkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm.t}uHðycsufrsm;ukd tao;pdwfavhvm+yD; jynfol@ v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'onf usif;y&ef&SdonfhygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJtwGuf w}udrf omtokH;ðy&ef&nf&G,fIvnf;aumif;/ aemifwGifusif;yrnfha&G;aumufyGJrsm;ESifh =um;jzwfa&G;aumufyGJrsm; twGufukdrl xkdtcsdefwGifrSpOf;pm;a&;qGJ=uap&ef&nf&G,fIvnf;aumif;/ jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'ukdðyjyifa&;qGJ+yD; EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@odk@wifjycJhonf? EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf ,if;Oya'=urf;ukd 1989 ckESpf/ arv (25)&ufae@ wGif aumfr&SifESifh!d‡Ed_if;pdppf+yD;aemuf 1989 ckESp/f arv (31)&ufae@Y jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya' (EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ Oya'trSwf 14§89)ukd jyÏmef;ay;cJhonf? ,if;Oya'wGif tcef;aygif;(15)cef;ESifh yk'fraygif;(82)ck yg0ifonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJenf;Oya'rsm;jyÏmef;jcif;?

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Oya'oabmt& jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'wGif rlykdif;qkdif&mrsm;ukdom xnfhoGif;jyÏmef; xm;cJhonf? ,if;Oya'ygjyÏmef;rsm;ukd taumiftxnfazmf&mwGifaqmif&Guf&rnfh tao;pdwfenf;pepfrsm; ukd enf;Oya'rsm;jzifhvnf;aumif;/ vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;jzifhvnf;aumif; xkwfjyefrSomv#ifvkyfief;rsm; taumiftxnfazmfay;&onfh tzGJ@tpnf;tqifhtqifhtwGuf vG,fulr_&SdEkdifrnfjzpfonf? xkd@a=umifh jynf o@lv$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr 81 yg tyfESif;xm;aomvkyfykdifcGifhrsm;ukdusifhoHk;I aumfr&Sifonf jynf ol@v$wfawmf a&G;aumufyGJenf;Oya'rsm;udka&;qGJ+yD; jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJenf;Oya'rsm; (ygwDpkH 'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif enf;Oya'rsm;trSwf 1§89) ukd 1989 ckESpf/ ZGefv (30)&ufae@wGif jyÏmef;ay;cJhonf? !Gef=um;csufrsm;/ &yfuGufESifhaus;&Gmtkyfpk aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;twGuf vkyfief;vrf;!Gef/ rJ&kHrª;ESifhrJ&kHtzGJ@0ifrsm;twGuf vkyfief;vrf;!$efxkwfjyefjcif;? jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'wGif rlykdif;qkdif&mrsm;jyÏmef;xm;+yD; enf;Oya'rsm;wGif aqmif &Guf&rnfhenf;pepftao;pdwfrsm;ukdjyÏmef;xm;&m ,if;jyÏmef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD vkdtyfaomnGef=um;csuf rsm;ukd &yfuGufESifhaus;&Gmtkyfpk aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;u rDSjirf;ðyavhvm&mwGifvG,fulr_&Sdap&eftvkd@iSm &yfuGufESifhaus;&Gmtkyfpkaumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;twGuf vkyfief;vrf;nGefukd aumfr&SifujyKpkxkwfjyefay;cJhonf? a&G;aumufyGJusif;yaomae@Y [email protected]&m;rsm;ukd wdwdususrSefrSefuefuef taumift xnfazmfaqmif&GufEkdifa&;twGuf rJ&kHrSL;ESifhrJ&kHtzGJ@0ifrsm;. wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;ESifh aqmif&Guf&rnfhvkyfief; tqifhqifhwdk@azmfjyyg&Sdonfh rJ&kHrSL;ESifhrJ&kHtzGJ@0ifrsm;twGuf vkyfief;vrf;nGefukdvnf; aumfr&SifujyKpkkxkwf jyefcJhonf? aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJtqifhqifhzGJ@pnf;jcif;? ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk vGwv f yfIw&m;r#wpGmusif;yEkdifa&;twGuf EkdifiHawmf +idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u vkdtyfonfhOya'rsm;udkjyÏmef;cJhonf? aumfr&Sifuvnf;vkdtyfonfh enf;Oya'rsm;ukd jyÏmef;cJhonfhtjyifvkyfief;vrf;nGefrsm;ESifh nGef=um;csufrsm;ukdvnf;xkwfjyefcJhonf? ,if; Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;t& a&G;aumufyGJqkdif&m vkyfief;rsm;ukdtaumiftxnfazmf&ef jynfe,fESifhwkdif;/ òrd@e,fpk/ òrd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;ukd atmufygtwkdif;zGJ@pnf;ay;cJhonf --(1) oufqkdif&mtqifh&Sd taxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;OD;pD;XmerSL; OuUÏ (2) oufqkdif&mtqifh&Sd w&m;a&;OD;pD;XmerSL; tzGJ@0if (3) oufqdkif&mtqifh&Sd Oya't&m&Sd ? (4) oufqdkif&mtqifh&Sd usef;rma&; OD;pD;XmerSL; ? (5) oufqkdif&mtqifh&Sd vl0ifr_}uD;=uyfa&;ESifhjynfoltiftm; OD;pD;XmerSL; ? (6) oufqkdif&mtqifh&Sd ynma&;rSL; ? (7) a'ocHtrsm;jynfolwkd@. ,kH=unfav;pm;jcif;cH&aomyk*~dKvf ? (8) a'ocHtrsm;jynfolwkd@. ,kH=unfav;pm;jcif;cH&aomyk*~dKvf ? (9) a'ocHtrsm;jynfolwkd@. ,kH=unfav;pm;jcif;cH&aomyk*~dKvf ? (10) OuUÏu wm0efay;tyfol twGif;a&;rSL; (11) OuUÏu wm0efay;tyfol wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL;

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&yfuGufESifhaus;&Gmtkyfpk aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;udk atmufygtzGJ@0ifrsm;jzifhzGJ@pnf;cJhonf ² ² ² (1) a'ocHtrsm;jynfolwkd@. ,kH=unfav;pm;jcif;cH&aomyk*~dKvf OuUÏ (2) a'ocHtrsm;jynfolwkd@. ,kH=unfav;pm;jcif;cH&aomyk*~dKvf tzGJ@0if (3) a'ocHtrsm;jynfolwkd@. ,kH=unfav;pm;jcif;cH&aomyk*~dKvf tzGJ@0if (4) tpkd;&ausmif;q&m odk@r[kwf ausmif;q&mrwOD; tzGJ@0if (5) oufqkdif&m&yfuGuf odk@r[kwf aus;&Gmtkyfpk +idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@&kH;rSpma&; twGif;a&;rSL; ,if;odk@zGJ@pnf;cJhonfh aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJta&twGufrsm;rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf – (1) jynfe,fESifhwkdif;aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJ (2) òrd@e,fpkaumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJ (3) òrd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJ (4) &yfuGufESifhaus;&Gmtkyfpk

14 ck 50 ck 317 ck 14992 ck

rJjym;jzifhqENay;onfhpepfrS qENrJvufrSwfjzifhqENrJay;onfhpepf/ qENrJa&wGufonfhtae&m/ qENrJa&wGufonfhpepf/ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfa&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&ol. trnfpm&if;a=unmjcif;pepfwkd@ukdðyjyifajymif;vJjcif;? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH. a&G;aumufyGJorkdif;wavsmufwGif usif;ycJhaoma&G;aumufyGJrsm;Y vGwf vGwfvyfvyfqENrJay;ykdifcGifh&&Sd+yD; rdrdwkd@ay;vkdufonfhaxmufcHqENrJudk oufqkdif&mudk,fpm;vS,favmif;u rSefuefpGm&&SdoGm;onf[laom,kH=unfr_rsdK;ukd rJqEN&Sifrsm;u &mckdifE_ef;jynfh&&Sdjcif;r&SdcJhonfudk avhvmod&Sd cJh&onf? xkd@a=umifh acwfrrDawmhaom qENrJjym;jzifhqENay;&onfhpepftpm; qENrJvufrSwfjzifhqENrJay;& onfhpepfudk ajymif;vJoifha=umif; aumfr&SifuokH;oyfcJhonf? aumfr&Sifonf 1989 ckESpf rwfv 1 &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (242) jzifh rJjym;jzifhqENrJay;onfhpepfESifh qENrJvufrSwfjzifhqENrJay;onfhpepfESpfckt euf rnfonfhpepfudkóudufepfoufa=umif; jynfolrsm;ESifhEkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;xHrS t}uH^m%frsm; awmif;cHcJh&m jynfolrsm;ESifhEkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;trsm;tjym;u qENrJvufrSwfjzifhqENrJay;onfhpepfukd usifhokH;oifha=umif;t}uHðycJh=uonf? aumfr&Sifonf jynfolrsm;ESifhEkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;. t}uH ^m%frsm;ukd&,lI qENrJvufrSwfjzifhqENrJay;onfhpepfukd pwifusifhokH;&efqkH;jzwfcJh+yD; jynfol@v$wfawmf a&G;aumufyGJOya'ESifh enf;Oya'rsm;wGif xnfhoGif;jyÏmef;cJhonf? qENrJrsm;a&wGufonfhpepfukdvnf; ajymif;vJcJhonf? ,cifygwDpkHpepfukdusifhokH;pOfu ygvDrefa&G; aumufyGJwGif c&dkif0efrsm;onf a&G;aumufyGJwm0efcHt&m&Sdrsm;tjzpfaqmif&GufcJh=uonf? a&G;aumufyGJ usif;yonfhfae@wGif rJqENe,ftwGif;&Sd rJ&kHrsm;ydwf+ydD;aemuf rJ&kHtoD;oD;rSryJ kH;rsm;ukdcsdyfydwfIoufqkdif&m a&G; aumufyGJwm0efcHt&m&SdxH,laqmifoGm;+yD;rS rJrsm;udka&wGuf&onf? rJ&kHrsm;ydwf+yD;aemuf rJykH;rsm;ukdcsdyfydwf +yD;onfhtcsdefrSpI rJykH;rsm;zGifhazmufI qENrJa&wGufonfhtcsdeftxd &ufjcm;cJhonf? ,if;okd@aom=um;um vwGif tjcm;v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;rsm;. rJykH;rsm;xJrSrJjym;rsm;udk enf;trsdK;rsdK;jzifhazmuf,l+yD; tEkdif&apvkdaom v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;. rJykH;rsm;xJodk@ajymif;xnfhum rJckd;a=umif;oHo,yGm;r_ rsm;&SdcJhonf?

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rJckd;onf[laom oHo,yGm;r_ yaysmufapa&;twGuf qENrJvufrSwfjzifhqENrJay;onfhpepfukd ajymif;vJusifhokH;+yD; rJ&kHwGifyif rJykH;rsm;ukdtrsm;jynfola&S@arSmufY zGifhazmufa&wGufonfhpepfukd usifhokH;cJh onf? xkdodk@qENrJrsm;udka&wGuf+yD;aemuf xkdrJ&kHrS&&SdonfhqENrJta&twGufukd ykHpH (15) jzifhjyKpkI rJ&kHrSL;ESifh rJ&kHtzGJ@0ifrsm;/ rJ&kHudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh rJqEN&Sifrsm;u vufrSwfa&;xkd;=uonf? ,if;ykHpH (15) rsm;udk òrd@e,f aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;u v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftvkdufpkpnf;+yD; v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;toD;oD;&&Sd onfh ckdifvkHaomqENrJta&twGufudk ykHpH (16) jzifh aygif;&kH;pkpnf;+yD; òrd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJ0ifrsm;/ v$wf awmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;rsm;/ a&G;aumufyJGudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh rJqEN&Sifrsm;u vuffrSwfa&;xkd;=uonf? òrd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;u ,if;odk@ðypkxm;onfh ykHpH (16) ESihf usif;y+yD;pD;cJhaom jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm; vS,fa&G;aumufyGJtajctaeudkazmfjyxm;onfh ykHpH (17) wkd@ukd aumfr&Sifodk@ay;ydk@=uonf? xkdykHpHrsm;&&Sd onfhtcgrS aumfr&Sifu jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&olukd a=unmcJh onf? jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&oludk ,cifu a&G;aumufyGJwm0efcH t&m&Sdu a=unmcJhaomfvnf; ,ck aumfr&Sifua=unmonfhpepfukd ajymif;vJusifhokH;cJhonf? ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydifonfhEkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;? EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfykHwifjcif;Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;ukdjyÏmef;+yD;onfhaemuf aumfr&Sifonf ,if; Oya'ESifhtnD a&G;aumufyGJY0ifa&muf,SOfòydifvkdaom EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ukd 1988 ckESpf/ pufwif bmv (30)&ufae@rSpI rSwfykHwifcGifhðycJh&m aemuffqkH;rSwfykHwifcGifhðy&ufjzpfonfh 1989 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (28)&ufae@txd (5)vcef@twGif; rSwfykHwifcGifðycJhonfh EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;aygif;rSm(235)zGJ@jzpfonf? xkd@aemuf rSwfykHwifxm;onfhEkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;onf ygwDwGif;pnf;&kH;a&;wkd@udkaqmif &GufcJh=u&mY ygwDtcsdK@onf ygwDwGif;tajctaet&vnf;aumif;/ tjcm;EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifhyl; aygif;zGJ@pnf;vkdIvnf;aumif; [email protected]&;ygwDrSwfykHwifxm;jcif;udky,fzsufcGifhðyyg&ef aumfr&Sifokd@ av#mufxm;ojzifh aumfr&Sifu ,if;[email protected]& EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;taygif;(102)zGJ@ukd y,fzsufay;cJh &onf? EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfykHwifjcif;Oya' yk'fr(6)wGif a&G;aumufyGJusif;yjcif;rðyrD rSwfykHwifcGifh&&Sd+yD; aomEkdifiHa&;ygwDwckonf yk'fr (3)/ yk'frcGJ (u)/ (c)/ (*)/ (C) odk@r[kwf (i) wGifazmfjyxm;onfh tzGJ@ tpnf;w&yfjzpfa=umif; aumfr&SifuawG@&Sdv#if rSwfykHwifcGifhðycJhjcif;ukdy,fzsuf&rnf[k jyÏmef;xm;onf? rSwfykHwifcGifhðyxm;aom atmufygEkdifiHa&;ygwDtzG@J tpnf;rsm;onf EkdfifiHawmftm;vufeufpGJudkifI awmf vSefykefuefaeaom ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDaomif;usef;oltzGJ@tpnf;. ajray:tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;jzpfa=umif; awG@&Sd&onfhtwGuf aumfr&Sifu 1989 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (19)&ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (314)/ (315)/ (316)wkd@ukdxkwfjyefI y,fzsufcJhonf ² ² ² (1) trsdK;om;EkdifiHa&;wyfaygif;pk (r-e-w)/ rEWav;+rdK@? (2) jynfol@wkd;wufa&;ygwD/ &efukef+rdK@? (3) t+rJpdrf;vli,frsm;tzGJ@/ rkH&Gm+rdK@? ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;r&SdaomEkdifiHom;rsm;tm; woD;yk*~v tjzpf0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcGifhðycJhonf? ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;tvdkufyg0if,SOf+ydKifygu ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;r&Sdaom woD; yk*~vv$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;rsm;xufydkrdkI v$wfawmfrJqENe,frsm;wGifyg0if,SOfòydifrSomv#if ygwD tzGJ@tpnf;.*k%foduQm&SdEkdfifrnfjzpfojzifh ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;onf a&G;aumufyGJwGiftenf;qkH; v$wfawmfrJqENe,f(3)e,fpDY,SOfòydif=uyg&ef aumfr&Sifu 1989 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (5)&ufae@ &ufpGJyg a=u nmcsuftrSwf(337)jzifh xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? - 25 -

txufyga=unmcsufESifhtnD 1989 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (13)&ufae@txd EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf; aygif;(117)zGJ@wkd@u a&G;aumufyGJYtenf;qkH; rJqENe,f(3)e,fESihftxuf0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifrnfjzpfa=umif; atmufygtwkdif;wifjycJhonf? (1) rJqENe,f(300)e,fESifhtxuf,SOfòydifrnf[k wifjyxm;onfhEkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;aygif; (6)zGJ@ (2) rJqENe,f(111)e,frS(200)e,ftwGif;,SOfòydifrnf[kwifjyxm;onfh EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;aygif; (4)zGJ@ (3) rJqENe,f(51)e,frS(100)e,ftwGif;,SOfòydifrnf[k wifjyxm;onfhEkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;aygif; (4)zGJ@ (4) rJqENe,f(11)e,frS(50)e,ftwGif;,SOfòydifrnf[k wifjyxm;onfhEkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;aygif; (31)zGJ@ (5) rJqENe,f(3)e,frS(10)e,ftwGif;,SOfòydifrnf[k wifjyxm;onfhEkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;aygif; (72)zGJ@? EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfykHwifjcif;Oya' yk'fr(3)t& EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u a&G;aumufyGJY0if a&muf,SOfòydifvkdojzifh rSwfykHwifay;&efav#mufxm;csuft& aumfr&SifupDppf+yD; ,if;Oya'ygjyÏmef;csufESifh nD!GwfaomEkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udk rSwfykHwifay;cJhonf? xkd@a=umifh aumfr&Sifu 1989 ckESpf/ 'DZif bmv (5)&ufae@ &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf(337)jzifh ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;onf a&G;aumufyGJwGif tenf; qkH; jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f(3)e,fY0ifa&muf,SOfòydif&ef owfrSwfwkdufwGef;cJhaomfvnf; a&G;aumufyGJ wGifvkH;0,SOfòydifjcif;rjyKEkdifaom EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;aygif;(31)zGJ@ukd EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmuf a&;tzGJ@u 1990 jynfhESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (23)&ufae@ &ufpGJygtrdef@trSwf(1§90)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;onf a¶G;aumufyGJwGif tenf;qHk; v$wfawmfrJqENe,f(3)e,fY 0ifa&muf ,SOf+ydKif=u&ef aumfr¶SifrS 1989 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (5)&ufae@ &ufae@pGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf(337)jzifh xkwf jyefa=unmcJhonf? odk@twGuf jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f(1)e,f/ odk@r[kwf (2)e,fwGifom 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifonfh atmufygEdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(6)cktm;/ e0w rS 1990 jynfhESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (23)&ufae@ &ufae@pGJyg trdef@trSwf(2§90)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? (1) vlrsdK;aygif;pHkcspf=unfa&;toif; (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH)/ Society for International Friendship (Union of Burma)

(2) ausmif;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHkygwD/ Students' Revolutionary Party for Democracy (S.R.P.D.)

(3) vlrsdK;pk aygif;pnf;zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwD/ Federal Republic Development Party

(4) trsdK;om;wdk;wufa&; qdk¶S,fvpftzGJ@csKyf/ The National Progressive Socialist League

(5) t¶d_csif;trsdK;om; zGH@+zdK;a&;tzGJ@csKyf (t-r-z-c)/ Asho-Chin National Development League (A.N.D.L.)

(6) trsdK;om; +idrf;csrf;om,ma&;ygwD (r-i-o-y)/ National Peace and Comfort Party

,if;trdef@wGif oufqkdif&mjynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;. a&G;aumufcHykdifcGifhrqkH;&_H;apaom iSm txufazmfjyyg zsufodrf;vkdufonfhygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;.trnfcHvsuf ouffqkdif&mòrd@e,fpkaumfr&Sif tzGJ@cGJY jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;rsm;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoGif;xm;olrsm;tm; woD;yk*~v v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;rsm;tjzpfrSwf,l&rnfjzpfa=umif; azmfjyxm;onf? xkdodk@ zsufodrf;vkdufonfhygwDrsm;ukdukd,fpm;jyKI v$wfawmfrJqENe,f(1)e,f odk@r[kwf (2)e,f 0if a&muf,SOfòydif&eftrnfpm&if;wifoGif;xm;aom v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;(8)OD;wkd@udk woD;yk*~v tjzpf a&G;aumufyGJwGifa&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHcGifhðycJhonf?

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xkd@a=umifh v$wfawmfrJqENe,f(3)e,fESifhtxuf yg0if,SOfòydifonfhEkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf; (93)zGJ@ om 1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJY 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydifcJh=uonf// EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfyHkwifjcif;Oya' yk'fr(6)wGif a¶G;aumufyGJusif;yjcif;rjyKrD rSwfyHkwifcGifh&¶Sd+yD; aom EdkifiHa&;ygwDwckonf yk'fr(3)/ yk'frcGJ (u)/ (c)/ (*)/ (C) odk@r[kwf (i)wGifazmfjyxm;onfh tzGJ@ tpnf;w&yfjzpfa=umif;/ aumfr¶SifuawG@¶Sdv#if rSwfyHkwifcGifhjyKjcif;udky,fzsuf&rnf[kjyXmef;xm;onf? rSwfyHkwifcGifhjyKxm;aomatmufygEdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;onf EdkifiHawmftm;vufeufpGJudkifIawmfvSef ykefuefaeaom ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDaomif;usef;oltzGJ@tpnf;. ajray:tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;jzpfa=umif; awG@¶Sd &onfhtwGuf aumfr¶Sifu 1989 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (19)&ufae@ &ufae@pGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (314)/ (315)/ (316)wdk@udkxkwfjyefI y,fzsufcJhonf? (1) trsdK;om;EdkifiHa&;wyfaygif;pk(rew)/ rEWav;+rdK@? National Politics Front (NPF), Mandalay.

(2) jynfol@wdk;wufa&;ygwD/ &efukef+rdK@? People's Progressive Party, Rangoon.

(3) t+rJpdrf;vli,frsm;tzGJ@/ rHk¶Gm+rdK@? Ever Green Young Men Association, Monywa.

a&G;aumufyGJudk 1990 jynfhESpf/ arv(27)&uf( 1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; 4 &uf)we*FaEGae@Y wjynfvkH;wGifwðydifeuf eHeuf(6)em&DrS nae(4)em&DtwGif; usif;ycJhonf// oauFwrsm;owfrSwfjcif;? jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJenf;Oya' 106 t& qENrJvufrSwfay:wGif&dkufESdyf&ef a&G;aumufyGJ Y0ifa&muf,SOfòydifrnfh EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;twGuf oauFwrsm;udk aumfr&Sifu oufqkdif&m ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh !d‡Ed_if;owfrSwfay;cJhonf? woD;yk*~vrsm;twGufvnf; oauFw(11)ckudk oD;jcm; owfrSwfay;cJhonf? ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ukdudk,fpm;ðyonfh v$wfawmfukd,f pm;vS,favmif;rsm;tokH;ðy&ef !d‡Ed_if;owfrSwfxm;onfhoauFwrsm;ukd aumfr&Sifu a=unmcsuftrSwf (361)/ (365)/ (370)wkd@jzifh xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? rJ&kHta&twGufESifh rJ&kHtzGJ@0ifOD;a&owfrSwfjcif;? ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ycJh&m jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdfifiHw0ef;vkH;wGif rJ&kHaygif; 15˜154 &kH owfrSwfay;cJhonf? &yfuGuf okd@r[kwf aus;&Gmtkyfwkdif;wGif qENrJay;ydkifcGifh&Sdol 5000 txd&Sd v#if rJ&kHw&kHxm;&Sd+yD; ,if;rJ&kHrsm;wGif rJ&kHtzGJ@0ifOD;a&ukd atmufygtwkdif;owfrSwfzGJ@pnf;ay;cJhonf? (u) rJqEN&Sif 1000 txd&SdaomrJ&kH (1) rJ&kHrSL; 1 OD; (2) rJpm&if;ppfaq;ol 1 OD; (3) qENrJvufrSwfxkwfay;ol 1 OD; (4) rJykH;apmifh 1 OD; pkpkaygif; 4 OD; (c) rJqEN&Sif 1001 rS 3000 txd&SdaomrJ&kH - 27 -

(1) rJ&kHrSL; (2) rJpm&if;ppfaq;ol (3) qENrJvufrSwfxkwfay;ol (4) rJykH;apmifh pkpkaygif; (*) rJqEN&Sif 2001 rS 3000 txd&SdaomrJ&kH (1) rJ&kHrSL; (2) rJpm&if;ppfaq;ol (3) qENrJvufrSwfxkwfay;ol (4) rJykH;apmifh pkpkaygif; (C) rJqEN&Sif 3001 rS 4000 txd&SdaomrJ&kH (1) rJ&kHrSL; (2) rJpm&if;ppfaq;ol (3) qENrJvufrSwfxkwfay;ol (4) rJykH;apmifh pkpkaygif; (i) rJqEN&Sif 4001 rS 5000 txd&SdaomrJ&kH (1) rJ&kHrSL; (2) rJpm&if;ppfaq;ol (3) qENrJvufrSwfxkwfay;ol (4) rJykHapmifh pkpkaygif;

1 OD; 2 OD; 2 OD; 1 OD; 6 OD; 1 OD; 3 OD; 3 OD; 1 OD; 8 OD; 1 OD; 4 OD; 4 OD; 1 OD; 10 OD; 1 OD; 5 OD; 5 OD; 1 OD; 12 OD;

ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;yrnfhae@&ufESifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudkf,fpm;vS,favmif;trnfpm&if; wifoGif;v$mwifoGif;jcif;/ pdppfjcif;/ &kyfodrf;jcif;wkd@ESifh pyfvsOf;onfhae@&ufrsm; owfrSwfa=unmjcif;? aumfr&Sifonf a&G;aumufyGJvkyfief;rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I xkwfjyefa=unmxm;onf vkyfief;tpDtpOf ESifh tcsdefZ,m;rsm;twdkif; vkyfief;rsm;ukdtaumiftxnfazmfaqmif&GufcJhonf? ,if;okd@owfrSwfxm; aomtcsdefZ,m;twdkif; jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJ Oya' yk'fr 28 yk'frcGJ (*) ESifh jynfol@v$wfawmf a&G;aumufyGJ enf;Oya' 18 t& atmufygae@&ufrsm;udk aumfr&Sifu 1989 ckESpf Ekdif0ifbmv 10 &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuf trSwf 326 jzifhowfrSwfa=unmcJhonf? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr¶Sif a=unmcsuftrSwf (326) 1351 ckESpf/ wefaqmifrkef;vqef; (13)&uf - 28 -

1989 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (10)&uf ta=umif;t&m? ? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;yrnfhae@&ufESifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm; vS,favmif;trnfpm&if;wifoGif;v$mudk wifoGif;jcif;/ pDppfjcif;/ ¶kyfodr;f jcif;wdk@ESifh pyfvsOf;onfhae@&ufrsm; owfrSwfa=unmjcif;? jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr 28/ yk'frcGJ(*)ESifh jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJenf; Oya' 18 t&/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶Sifonf atmufygae@&ufrsm;udk owf rSwfvdkufa=umif;a=unmtyfygonf? 1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; 4 &uf (1990 jynfhESpf/ arv 27 &uf) 1351 ckESpf/ jymodkvqef; 2 &ufrS 8 &uftxd (1989 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv 28 &ufrS 1990 jynfhESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv 3 &uftxd) (*) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;trnfpm&if; 1351 ckESpf/ jymodkvqef; 10 &ufae@rS wifoGif;v$mrsm;udk pDppfrnfhae@&uf 14 &uftxd (1990 jynfhESpf/ Zefe0g&D v 5 &ufrS 9 &uftxd) (C) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;trnfpm&if;wifoGif;v$mudk 1351 ckESpf/ jymodkvjynfhausmf 2 &uf ¶kyfodrf;vdku¶kyfodrf;Edkifonfh aemufqHk;ae@ (1990 jynfhESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv 22 &uf ¶Hk;csdeftwGif;) (u) ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ usif;yrnfhae@&uf (c) jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftoD;oD;twGuf v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;trnfpm&if;pwif wifoGif;Edkifonfh ae@&ufESifh aemufqHk;ae@&uf

trdef@t& (at;armif) twGif;a&;rª; vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waom a&G;aumufyGJusif;y&ef tajctaeray;ao;onfh e,fajrrsm;? aumfr&Sifonf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdfifiHawmftwGif;&Sd e,fajrtm;vkH;wGifvGwfvyfI w&m;r#w aoma&G;aumufyGJrsm;udk usif;yEkdifa&;twGuf jynfol@v$wfawmf rJqENe,f 492 e,fukd owfrSwfcJhonf? xkdokd@owfrSwfcJhaomfvnf; atmufazmfjyyg rJqENe,fckESpfe,fwGifusif;y&ef&Sdonfh a&G;aumufyGJvkyfief;rsm; ukd jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;ESifhtnD tcsdefrDaqmif&GufEkdif&eftcuftcJ&Sda=umif; od&onfhtwGuf acwWqkdif;iHhvkdufa=umif; a=unmcsuf trSwf 384 ESifh 395 wkd@jzifh xkwfjyefcJhojzifh rJqEN e,faygif; 485 e,fwGifom a&G;aumufyGJrsm;udkusif;ycJhonf? (1) &Srf;jynfe,f/ ukef;=urf;òrd@e,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f/ (2) &Srf;jynfe,f/ em;zefòrd@e,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f/ (3) &Srf;jynfe,f/ yef0kdifòrd@e,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f/ (4) &Srf;jynfe,f/ yef,ef;òrd@e,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f/ (5) &Srf;jynfe,f/ rdkif;armòrd@e,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f/ - 29 -

(6) &Srf;jynfe,f/ refzef@ (oHvGif) òrd@e,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f/ (7) ucsifjynfe,f/ tif*sef;,efòrd@e,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f? qENrJrsm;a&wGufjcif;ESifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftrnf a=unmjcif;? a&G;aumufyGJusif;yaomae@wGif qENrJay;vkdaomrJqEN&Sifrsm;onf rJ&kHrsm;Y eHeuf(6)em&DrS nae(4)em&DtcsdeftwGif; rdrdwdk@óudufESpfouf&mv$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;ukd v#dK@0SufpGm vGwfvGwf vyfvyf qENrJay;cJh=uonf? EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ OuUX/ EdkifiHawmf0ef}uD;csKyfESifh wyfrawmfumuG,fa&; OD;pD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyfrª;}uD;apmarmifESifhrdom;pkonf '*Hk+rdK@e,f/ ZD0uvrf;/ aq;okawoeOD;pD;Xmetaqmuf ttHkwGifzGifhvSpfxm;aomrJ¶Hkodk@vma&mufrJay;=uonf? EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ 'kwd, OuUX/ AdkvfcsKyf}uD;oef;a¶$/ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@0ifrsm;ESifh 0ef}uD;rsm;/ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yf ydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ twGif;a&;rª;(1)ESifhtwGif;a&;rª;(2)wdk@onfvnf; rdrdwdk@oufqdkif&mrJ¶Hkrsm;odk@ vma&mufrJay;=uonf? 1990 jynfhESpf arv (27)&ufae@wGif a&G;aumufyGJusif;yonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,faygif; (485)e,fwkd@ESifhpyfvsOf;onfh qENrJay;r_tajctaersm;ESifh &mckdifE_ef;rsm;ukd atmufygtwkdif;xkwfjyefazmfjy ay;cJhonf? (u) a&G;aumufyGJusif;yr_ tajctae (1) a&G;aumufyGJusif;y&efowfrSwfxm;onfh rJqENe,faygif; 492 e,f (2) a&G;aumufyGJusif;ycJhonfh rJqENe,faygif; 485 e,f (3) a&G;aumufyGJusif;yEkdifonfh&mckdifE_ef; 98 ›58µ (c) qENrJay;r_tajctae (1) qENrJay;ykdifcGifh&SdolOD;a& 2˜08˜18˜313 OD; (2) vma&mufqENrJay;olOD;a& 1˜51˜12˜524 OD; (3) qENrJay;r_&mcdkifE_ef; 72 ›59µ (*) ckdifvkHaomqENrJ &&Sdr_tajctae (1) vma&mufqENrJay;olOD;a& 1˜51˜12˜524 OD; (2) &&Sdonfh ckdifvkHaomqENrJta&twGuf 1˜32˜53˜606 rJ (3) ckdifvkHaomqENrJ&&Sdr_&mcdkifE_ef; 87 ›7µ (C) y,frJ/ aysufrJ/ xyfrJtajctae (1) vma&mufqENrJay;olOD;a& 1˜51˜12˜524 OD; (2) ckdifvkHaomqENrJ&&Sdonfhta&twGuf 1˜32˜53˜606 rJ (3) y,frJ/ aysmufrJ/ xyfrJta&twGuf 18˜58˜918 rJ (4) &&SdonfhqENrJrsm;teufy,frJ/ aysmufrJ/ xyfrJ&mckdifE_ef; 12 ›3µ (i) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;rsm;,SOfòydifr_tajctae (1) ,SOfòydifonfhv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;OD;a& 2˜296 OD; (2) ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ukdudk,fpm;ðyI,SOfòydifonfh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;OD;a& 2˜209 OD; (3) woD;yk*~v v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;OD;a& 87 OD; (4) ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udkudk,fpm;ðyI0ifa&muf,SOfòydifonfh udk,fpm;vS,favmif;&mckdifE_ef; 96 h21 µ (5) woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;&mckdifE_ef; 3²79 µ - 30 -

(p) v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;rsm;.a&G;aumufcH&r_tajctae (1) ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ukdudk,fpm;ðyI ,SOfòydifonfhv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; OD;a& 2˜209 OD; (2) a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&aomygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udk ukd,fpm;ðyonfhv$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fOD;a& 479 OD; (3) a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&r_ &mckdifE_ef; 21²68 µ (q) wpfoD;yk*~vv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;rsm;. a&G;aumufcH&r_tajctae (1) yg0if,SOfòydifonfh woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;OD;a& 87 OD; (2) a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&onfh wOD;yk*~vv$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fOD;a& 6 OD; (3) a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&r_ &mcdkifE_ef; 6²9 µ (Z) v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;rsm;. ckdifvkHaomqENrJ&SpfykHwykHESifh txuf&&Sdr_tajctae (1) ,SOfòydifonfhv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;OD;a& 2˜296 OD; (2) ckdifvkHaom qENrJ&SpfykHwykHESifhtxuf&&Sdonfh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;OD;a& 1˜049 OD; (3) &mckdifE_ef; 45²69µ (4) ckdifvkHaomqENrJ &SpfykHwykHatmuf&&Sdonfh v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;OD;a& 1˜247 OD; (5) &mcdkifE_ef; 54²31µ ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJY 0ifa&muf,OS fòydifonfh EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf; 93 zGJ@ teuf v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f tenf;qkH;wOD;ESifhtxuf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&aom EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@ tpnf; 27 zGJ@rS a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&onfh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fOD;a&rSm atmufygtwkdif;jzpfonf? (1) trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 392 OD; (2) &Srf;wkdif;&if;om;rsm;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 23 OD; (3) &ckdif'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 11 OD; (4) wkdfif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;nDnGwfa&;ygwD 10 OD; (5) rGeftrsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@ 5 OD; (6) trsdK;om;vl@tcGifhta&; 'Drkdu&ufwpfygwD 4 OD; (7) csif;trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 3 OD; (8) ucsifjynfe,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf 3 OD; (9) jynfaxmifpkytkd0f;trdsK;om;tzG@JcsKyf 3 OD; (10) trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDygwD 3 OD; (11) ZdkdrD;trdsK;om;uGef*&uf 2 OD; (12) em*awmifwef;a'owkd;wufa&;ygwD 2 OD; (13) u,m;jynfe,fvlrdsK;aygif;pkH 'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 2 OD; (14) watmif; (yavmif) trdsK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 2 OD; (15) u,ef;trsdK;om;rsm;pnf;vkH;nDnGwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ 2 OD; (16) 'Drkdua&pDygwD 1 OD; (17) 'Drdku&ufwpf wuUokdvfbGJ@&ESihfausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzGJ@ 1 OD; (18) rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@ 1 OD; (19) u&ifjynfe,ftrdsK;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf 1 OD; 1 OD; (20) &Srf;jynfudk;uef@'Drkdu&ufwpfygwD (21) jynfaxmifpk "EktrdsK;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 1 OD; - 31 -

(22) (23) (24) (25) (26) (27)

ureftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf r&mjynfol@ygwD (r y y) jynfaxmifpktrdsK;om;rsm; 'Drdkua&pD òrd (ac: ) crdtrdsK;om;nDnGwfa&;tzGJ@ ( r c r n z) vm;[ltrsdK;om;zGH@òzd;wkd;wufa&;ygwD jynfaxmifpkwkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm; 'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

1 OD; 1 OD; 1 OD; 1 OD; 1 OD; 1 OD;

txufwGifazmfjycJhonfhtwkdif; ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJY 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifonfh EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf; (93)zGJ@rS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&olaygif; (479)OD;&SdcJh+yD;/ woD;yk*~v jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHxm;&ol (6)OD;¶Sd ojzifh 1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumuf wifajr‡mufcH&olaygif;rSm (485)OD;&SdcJhonf? a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&olrsm;wGif wyfrawmft+idrf;pm; (42)OD;/ t+idrf;pm;0efxrf;a[mif; (145)OD;/ w&m;¶Hk;csKyfESifhtxufwef;a¶S@ae (54)OD;/ q&m0ef (50)OD;/ tjcm; t&yfom; (194)OD;yg0ifonf? ‚if;wdk@rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf? “ 1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onfh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;? ” (1) ucsifjynfe,f? 1? umrdkif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;wifjrif/h trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 2? csDaAG+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;*sDabmifrfvSef;/ ucsifjynfe,ftrdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf? 3? ac:bl'J+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;rzef;qif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 4? Aqmhavmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;rkwfajrmfqef;acgif/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nDnGwfa&;ygwD? 5? qGrfy&mbGrf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;aZmftdef/ ucsifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf? 6? wEdkif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;tif0rfcef;aZmfaxmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? aemifrGef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;trfqifqm;&f/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nDnGwfa&;ygwD? 8? Ylwmtdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;a,mpD/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 9? Aef;armf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;ykaxG; (Aef;armfndKEGJ@)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 10? jrpf}uD;em;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) - OD;jrarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 11? jrpf=uD;em;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) - OD;OD;Aspfwl;/ ucsifjynfe,ftrsKd ;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf? - 32 -

12? rdk;aumif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;xGef;=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 13? rdk;!‡if;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) - OD;ausmfarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 14? rdk;n‡if;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;=umjr/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 15? rdk;armuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;aomif;aiG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 16? rHpD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;a*strfaemfvm/ trsdL;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 17? rcsrf;abm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;tifeef;*rf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 18? a&$ul+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - a':pdefwif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 19? 0dkif;armf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - 'l0g trf aZmfatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (2) u,m;jynfe,f? 1? 'Darmqdk;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;cifarmifcsdK/ u,m;jynfe,fvlrsdK;aygif;pHk'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 2? 'Darmqdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;Apfwmav;/ u,m;jynfe,fvlrsdK;aygif;pHk'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 3? z¶lqdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;apmOD;&,f/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 4? zmaqmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;apmwm¶l;wl;/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? 5? abmvcJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;atmifoed f;/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? 6? &Sm;awm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;atmifwif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? vGdKifaumf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) - OD;bdk;oif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 8? vdGKifaumf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) - OD;wuf'Dbl;&D/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (3) u&ifjynfe,f? 1? aumhu&dwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;ref;+rdKifat;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 2/ aumhu&dwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) - Edkifaomif;&Sdef/ rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@?

- 33 -

3? =umtif;qdyf}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;vSarmif/ rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@? 4? =umtif;qdyf}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;=uifodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 5? zmyGef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;atmifoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 6? zmyGef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;bat;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? bm;tH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;apmcspfoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 8? bm;tH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;xGef;cspf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 9? bm;tH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(3) - eef;cifaxG;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 10? jr0wD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdefAdkvf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 11? v_dif;bGJ@+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;apmxGef;az/ u&ifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf? 12? vd_if;bGJ@+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;apmxGef;vGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 13? oHawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;tm&fyDaomif;/ u,ef;trsdK;om;rsm;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@? 14? oHawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;apmApfwmcvdkuf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (4) csif;jynfe,f? 1? uefyufvuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;vdef;[m/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? 2? wD;wdef+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) - OD;iifhxef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 3? wD;wdef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - ylusifh&Sif;xef/ ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&uf? 4? wGef;ZH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - wmefxefvsef;aygif/ ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&uf? 5? xefwvef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - a'gufwmr_xef/ woD;yk*~v? 6? yvuf0+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;ausmfxGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? yvuf0+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;axG;atmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

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8? zvrf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - pDauwdkufuGJvf/ csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 9? zvrf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmZvS,fxef/ csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 10? rwlyD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;¶dktkyf/ r&mjynfol@ygwD(r-y-y)? 11? rwlyD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;a&$xef; (c) OD;aqGxm;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 12? rif;wyf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;&Sdef;azvdef;/ csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 13? [m;cg;jrdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;vseftkyf/ woD;yk*~v? (5) ppfudkif;wdkif;? 1? ueD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;cifarmifoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 2? ueD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;oef@Zif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 3? uav;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;'dkaxmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 4? uav;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmodef;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 5? uav;0jrdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;wifarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 6? uom+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;jrifh=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? aumvif;jrdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;odef;ZH/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 8? uef@bvl+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;odef;az/ woD;yk*~v? 9? uef@bvl+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmjrifhEdkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 10? u|ef;vS+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;}uD;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 11? cifOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;cifarmifodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 12? cifOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) - OD;aomif;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 13? acsmif;OD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;tHh=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 14? cEWD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - a':q,fq,f/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - 35 -

15? igef;ZGef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;cspfcdkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 16? igef;ZGefjrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;csdKvd_if/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 17? ppfudkif;jrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - t+idrf;pm;Adkvfrª;}uD;oD[ol&pdk;odrf;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 18? ppfudkif;jrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmcifarmifaqG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 19? qm;vif;}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;cifarmif=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 20? qm;vif;=uD;rJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;pdef&H/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 21? wrl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;axmifcdkxef;/ jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 22? wef@qnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) - t+idrf;pm;'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;ausmfqef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 23? wef@qnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;azoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 24? xD;cdsKifh+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;ausmf0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 25? 'DyJ,if;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;bdkarmif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 26? 'DyJ,if;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;0if;jrifhatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 27? eef;,Gef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;ausmfarmif/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? 28? ykvJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;oef; (c) OD;oef;pdef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 29? ykvJj+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmwifhaqG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 30? yifvnfbl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;jrat; (Aef;armfa¶$ndK)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 31? azmif;jyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;atmifaomif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 32? Aef;armuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;b+idrf;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 33? bkwvif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;[Homjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 34? bkwvif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;cifarmifat;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - 36 -

35? rHk¶Gm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;=unfpdk;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 36? rHk&Gm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;apmatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 37? rif;uif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;bdk/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 38? jrif;rl+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;bmbm/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 39? jrif;rl+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;wifaiG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 40? ajrmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;0if;&Sdef/ woDyk*~v? 41? ajrmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;rif;oGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 42? armfvdkuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;wifarmif0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 43? ,if;rmyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;Adkvfaomif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 44? ,if;rmyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;wifxGef;atmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 45? a&OD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;aX;armif (c) OD;oef;atmifaX;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 46? a&OD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;0if;udk/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 47? a&$bdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwmatmifbdk/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 48? a&$bdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;oef;xGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 49? v[,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;cydk;udkifvHk/ em*awmifwef;a'owdk;wufa&;ygwD? 50? av&SD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;a'G;aygh/ em*awmifwef;a'owdk;wufa&;ygwD? 51? 0ufvuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;xGef;+rdKif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 52? 0ufvuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a':cifpef;v_dif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 53? 0ef;odk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - a'gufwmatmifcif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 54? [krRvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;tkef;}udKif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

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55? [krRvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;vSodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 56? t&mawmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwmaZmf0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 57? t&mawmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;Av/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 58? tif;awmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;apmv_dif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (6) weoFm&Dwdkif;? 1? aumhaomif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;vSrif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 2? u|ef;pk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;cifarmifOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 3? weoFm&D+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;0if;OD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 4? xm;0,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;pdk;!Gef@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 5? xm;0,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;rsdK;atmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 6? ykavm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;=unfa&$/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? bkwfjyif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;tkef;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 8? +rdwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;ausmf&Sdef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 9? +rdwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;Om%fat;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 10? a&jzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;wdk;ydk/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 11? avmif;vHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;vSaz/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 12? avmif;vHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;csdef[if/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 13? o&ufacsmif;+rdK@e,f - OD;wifjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (7) yJcl;wdkif;? 1? u0jrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwmrsdK;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 2? u0+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;jrav;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - 38 -

3? ausmufwHcg;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;vSOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 4? ausmufwHcg;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;armifarmif}uD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 5? }udK@yifaumuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;at;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 6? }udK@yifaumuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;at;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? ausmuf}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;xGef;OD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 8? ZD;ukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pHwif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 9? anmifav;yif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;tkef;armif/ trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 10? anmifav;yif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;xGef;ºuG,f/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 11? awmifil+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;atmifpdk;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pStzGJ@csKyf? 12? awmifil+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;!Gef@a0/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 13? xef;wyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;cspfarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 14? 'dkufOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;&JxGÉf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 15? 'dkufOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;pdefxGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 16? ewfwvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;tkef;aiG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 17? ewfwvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;apmpdefxGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 18? yJcl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;pdk;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD? 19? yJcl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;jrwfvS/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 20? jynf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - Adkvfrª;}uD;armiftkef;(jidrf;)/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? 21? jynf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;aomif;pdef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 22? yef;awmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;wiftkef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

- 39 -

23? yef;awmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;odef;[ef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 24? aygufacgif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - a'gufwmpdef0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD? 25? aygif;wnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;tkef;Edkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 26? aygif;wnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;at;oef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 27? jzL;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;atmifoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 28? jzL;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;pdk;armif/ trsdK;om;'Ddrdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 29? rif;vS+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;wifhvGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 30? rif;vS+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a':vSvSrdk;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 31? rdk;ndK+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;vSatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 32? rdk;ndK+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;xGef;a&$/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 33? a&wm&Snf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwmausmfausmf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 34? a&wm&Snf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;xGef;atmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 35? a&$usif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdk;vGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 36? a&$awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;oef;ºuG,f/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 37? a&$awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;ydkuf+cHK/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 38? vufyHwef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;atmifjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 39? vufyHwef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;!Gef@at;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 40? a0g+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;wifa&$/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 41? a0g+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;pdk;odef;(armif0Ho)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 42? oeyfyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;at;odef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 43? oeyfyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmaX;odef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - 40 -

44? oJukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;at;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 45? oJukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;odef;xGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 46? om,m0wD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - aZ,sausmfxif'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;pH0if;(+idrf;)/ trsdK;om'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 47? om,m0wD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;armifat;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 48? tkwfzdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;wifOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 49? tkwfzdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;omarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 50? tkwfwGif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;odef;OD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD? 51? tkwfwGif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;cifarmif0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (8) rauG;wdkif;? 1? uHr+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;jrifhatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 2? acsmufjrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;jrifhodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 3? acsmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwm!Gef@pdef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 4? *ef@a*g+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;atmifxl;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 5? izJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;=unfvGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 6? pvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;wm/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? pvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;uHOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 8? apwkwW&m+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;tHh=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 9? qifaygif0J+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;[HaZmf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 10? qdyfjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdk;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 11? aqm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;ausmw f if/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - 41 -

12? awmifwGif;}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;odrf;=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 13? awmifwGif;}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmoef;Edkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 14? xD;vif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;apm0if;(c)OD;ausmfaZmvif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 15? ewfarmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;AdkvfaxG;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 16? ewfarmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;atmifjrifhodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 17? yckuUL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwm=unfrif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 18? yckuUL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;v_difat;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 19? yGifhjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;ausmf&Sif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 20? yGifhjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmatmifrdk;ndK/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 21? ayguf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;cifarmif=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 22? ayguf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;atmifEdkifOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 23? rauG;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;ausmfjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 24? rauG+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;atmifpdk;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 25? +rdK@opf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;omatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 26? +rdK@opf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) - OD;cspfaxG;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 27? rif;wkef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;xGef;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 28? rif;bl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;pdk;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 29? rif;bl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;vSpdk;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 30? rif;vS+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;cspfwif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 31? +rdKif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;atmifqef;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

- 42 -

32? +rdKif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;jrifhatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 33? a&p}udK+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;armfeD/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 34? a&p}udK+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;wifarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 35? a&eHacsmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - ocif-cif!Gef@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 36? a&eHacsmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;cifausmf[ef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 37? o&uf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;cifarmifoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 38? atmifvH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;!Gef@v_dif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 39? atmifvH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;odef;ZH/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (9) rEWav;wdkif;? 1? ausmufqnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;atmifausmfOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 2? ausmufqnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;ausmf0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 3? ausmufyef;awmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;AdkvfZH/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 4? ausmufyef;awmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;aiGxGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 5? pOfhuljrdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;apmaX;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 6? pOfhudkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwmpdk;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? pOfhudkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmvSpdk;!Gef@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 8? anmifOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;csdK/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 9? anmifOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;azwif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 10? wHwm;OD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;at&m/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 11? wHwm;OD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;oef;eD/ trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 12? wyfukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;0rf;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - 43 -

13? wyfukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;0if;v_dif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 14? awmifom+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;cspfcdkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 15? awmifom+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;oef;xGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 16? EGm;xdk;}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;yef;om/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 17? EGm;xdk;}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;pdef;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 18? ykodrf}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;qef;!Gef@a0/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 19? ykodrf=uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - 'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;pHvSabmf(t+idrf;pm;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 20? ysOf;rem;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;wifhvGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 21? ysOf;rem;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;ausmf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 22? aysmfbG,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;cifarmifndK/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 23? aysmfbG,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;vSaz/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 24? jyifOD;vGif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;vSapmOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 25? jyifOD;vGifjrdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) - OD;yDwmvif;yif/ woD;yk*~v? 26? rvd_if+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;apma&$/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 27? rv_dif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;armifarmifjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 28? rdk;ukwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a':arESif;=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 29? rdk;ukwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;bdkvSwifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 30? rwW&m+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwmatmifa0/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 31? rwW&m+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;oef;vGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 32? rdxWDvm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - Adkvfrª;armifarmifjrifh(t+idrf;pm;)/ trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - 44 -

33? rdxWDvm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmodef;vGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 34? rEWav;taemufawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwmpdk;vif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 35? rEWav;taemufawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;odef;OD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 36? rEWav;taemufajrmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;wifatmifatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 37? rEWav;taemufajrmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;atmifpdk;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 38? rEWav;ta&S@awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;wif!Gef@(c)OD;xifausmf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 39? rEWav;ta&S@awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;tkef;}udKif(atmif0ifh)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 40? rEWav;ta&S@ajrmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;armifarmifat;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 41? rEWav;ta&S@ajrmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;wifat;(t+idrf;pm;'kAdkvfrª;}uD;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 42? jrif;+cH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;aygcif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 43? jrif;+cH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;armifarmif0if;(c)OD;0if;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 44? jrpfom;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a':tkef;=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 45? jrpfom;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmrsdK;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 46? &rnf;oif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;armifarmifjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 47? &rnf;oif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;armifarmifoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 48? v,fa0;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;wifxGÉfOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 49? v,fa0;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;nDnDxGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 50? 0rf;wGif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwmaomif;wif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 51? 0rf;wGif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;vSatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - 45 -

52? oydwfusif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;armf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 53? ommpnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;odrf;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 54? ompnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;armifarmifav;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 55? tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwmaZmfjrifharmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 56? tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;bbGm;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (10) rGefjynfe,f? 1? usdKufxdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;&JxGÉf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 2? usdKufxdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmat;ZH/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 3? usdKufra&m+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;jrifhodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 4? usdKufra&m+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;rif;cifarmif(c)Edkifcifarmif/ rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@? 5? acsmif;qHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;atmif=unf!Gef@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 6? acsmif;qHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a':cifaX;ºuG,f/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? aygif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;Om%f0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 8? aygif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - Edkifaomif;!Gef@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 9? bD;vif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;armifarmifvwf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 10? bD;vif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;armifarmif(opPm¶Sif)/ trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 11? rk'Hk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a':wifapmOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGH@csKyf? 12? rk'Hk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmrif;=unf0if;/ rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@? 13? armfv+rdKif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - Adkvfrª;}uD;vGef;wif(t+idrf;pm;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 14? armfv+rdKif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;csrf;at;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

- 46 -

15? a&;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwmrif;pdk;vif;/ rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@? 16? a&;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwm=uifodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 17? oxHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - cGefjrifhxGef;(armifjrifhxGef;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 18? oxHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;oef;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 19? oHjzLZ&yf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;armifarmif=uD;(t+idrf;pm;Adkvfrª;}uD;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 20? oHjzLZ&yf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - EdkifxGef;odef;/ rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@? (11) &cdkifjynfe,f? 1? ausmufawmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwmxGef;at;/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 2? ausmufawmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;pHomatmif/ +rdK(ac:)crD trsdK;om;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@? 3? ausmufjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;qef;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 4? ausmufjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;wif}uD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 5? *G+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;nDyk/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 6? ppfawG+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;a&$,/ ureftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? ppfawG+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;pHxGef;(c)vljzL/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 8? awmifukwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;ausmfcdkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 9? aygufawm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;boef;/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 10? aygufawm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;apmxGef;pdef/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 11? ykÀm;u|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;atmifxGef;pdef/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 12? bl;oD;awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;ausmfrif;(c)rmarmufa¶Smif¶_tmaemf*lvma[muf/ trsdK;om;vl@tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD? 13? bl;oD;awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;wifarmif(c)Ek&ftmruf/ - 47 -

trsdK;om;vl@tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD? 14? rif;jym;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;armifjrifh/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 15? rif;jym;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;xGef;0if;/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 16? armif;awm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;tDjAm[def;(c)OD;cspfvGif/ trsdK;om;vl@tcGifha&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD? 17? armifawm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;azmfaZmftmarmuf/ trsdK;om;vl@tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD? 18? rmefatmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;odef;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 19? ajryHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;jzLpdefOD;/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 20? ajrmufOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;apmjratmif/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 21? ajrmufOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;atmifvSZH/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 22? &aohawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;armifºuGif;atmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 23? &aohawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;OD;omEdk@/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 24? &rf;+AJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;jrarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 25? oHwGJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;xGef;&D/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 26? trf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;ae0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (12) &efukefwdkif;? 1? urm&Gwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;0ef (rif;ok0%f)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 2? aumhrª;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;baqG(ajrmif;jr-baqG)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 3? ausmufwHwm;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;wifpdk;(py,fOD;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 4? ausmufwef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwmoef;+idrf;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

- 48 -

5? ausmufwef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;pdk;!Gef@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 6? =unfhjrifwdkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;vSxGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? uGrf;+cHukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;,k*ef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 8? udkudk;u|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;vSoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 9? c&rf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;ausmfoGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 10? c&rf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) - OD;wifarmif0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 11? prf;acsmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;cifarmifaqG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 12? qdyfurf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - a':pef;pef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 13? qdyf}uD;caemifwdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f – a'gufwmpdef0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 14? wmarG+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;vSodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 15? wmarG+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;odef;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 16? wGHaw;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;omqdkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 17? wGHaw;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;jrv_dif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 18? wdkuf}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;vSxGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 19? wdkuf=uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a':pefar(a&$ularESif;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 20? awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;pdk;jrifh(c)ocifpdk;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 21? awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;cifarmifausmf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 22? xef;wyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;wifudkudk/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 23? '*Hk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;atmifaZmf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 24? '*Hk+rdK@opf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;xGef;tkef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 25? 'v+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdef0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - 49 -

26? a'gyHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;jrarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 27? ykZGefawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;Edkif;Edkif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 28? yef;bJwef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;armifarmifatmif/ 'Drdku&ufwpfwuUodkvfbGJ@&ESifhausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzGJ@? 29? A[ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;xGef;v_dif/ 'Drdkua&pDygwD? 30? A[ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;=unfarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 31? Adkvfwaxmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - a'gufwmarmifarmifausmf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 32? r&rf;ukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;atmifa&$/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 33? r&rf;ukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmar0if;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 34? r*FvmawmifnGef@+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwmatmifcifqifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 35? r*FvmawmifnGef@+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmoef;atmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 36? r*Fvm'Hk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;=unf0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 37? r*Fvm'Hk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;wifxGef;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 38? ajrmufOuUvmy+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwmoef;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 39? ajrmufOuUvmy+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;ausmf!Gef@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 40? arSmfbD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;pdk;wif(c)OD;pdk;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 41? arSmfbD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;cifarmifxGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 42? &efuif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - a':cifat;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 43? a&$jynfom+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdefvGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 44? vom+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;=unfjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 45? v_dif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;a&$(t+idrf;pm;Adkvfrª;}uD;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - 50 -

46? v_dif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;apmjrodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pdtzGJ@csKyf? 47? v_difom,m+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - Adkvf}uD;oef;ºuG,f(t+idrf;pm;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 48? vSnf;ul;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;apmausmfpdef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 49? vSnf;ul;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;pHwif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 50? vrf;rawmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;aeOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 51? omauw+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;armifarmifvwf(a'gufwmvd_ifeD)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 52? omauw+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;tkef;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 53? oCFef;u|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;odef;!Gef@(armifodef;!Gef@-aumhu&dwf)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 54? oCFef;u|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;jrifhodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 55? oHk;cG+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;vGif(Adkvfr_;}uD;armifvGif-t+idrf;pm;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 56? oHk;cG+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;ausmfjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 57? oHv#if+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwm0if;Edkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 58? oHv#if+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;oef;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 59? tvHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - a':pef;pef;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 60? tif;pdef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;xGef;v_dif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 61? tif;pdef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;pdefvSOD;(armifEG,fOD;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (13) &Srf;jynfe,f? 1? uavm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;jrifhoef;/ jynfaxmifpk"EktrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 2? uGef[def;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdkif;vdyf(c)pJvdyf/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

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3? aus;oD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;xGef;wif/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 4? uGwfcdkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;cGefqdkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 5? uGwfcdkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;tdkuf&D(c)OD;vS[ef/ wtmif;(yavmif)trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 6? ausmufrJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;vSaz(c)pdkif;z/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDzGJ@csKyf? 7? ausmufrJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - pdkif;aqmifqD(c)e,fvfqif/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 8? uGrf;vHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;&efusif;armf/ &Srf;jynfudk;uef@'Drdku&ufwpfygwD? 9? usdKif;wHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;pdkif;vHkausmuf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 10? usdKif;wkH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;pdkif;&Dwpf(yf)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 11? qDqdkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdef0if;/ jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsdK;om;tzGJ@csKyf? 12? anmifa&$+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwmOD;v_dif(c)OD;xGef;vd_if/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 13? anmifa&$+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;tkef;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 14? awmif}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;ausmfcif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 15? awmif}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - cGefazaxG;(c)cGef&wema[m0f/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 16? wef@,ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;cGef}uD;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 17? wef@,ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;xGef;qm(c)pdkif;xGef;0if;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 18? wmcsDvdwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pGHqdkif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 19? erfhpef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdkif;wif0if;(c)OD;wif0if;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 20? erfhqef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;xGef;ausmf/ wtmif;(yavmif)trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 21? erfhcrf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdkif;omat;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

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22? aemifcsdK+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;xGef;atmif(c)OD;xGef;xGef;[def;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 23? erRwl+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - a':ar+zdK;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 24? yif;w,+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;atmifoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 25? yifavmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;armif=uD;/ jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsdK;om;tzGJ@csKyf? 26? yifavmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;p0fomwifh/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 27? z,fcHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - cGefrm;&fudkbef/ u,ef;trsdKom;rsm;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@? 28? rdk;eJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;cGefyGifh/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 29? armufr,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - pdkif;tGwf(c)pdkif;wifatmif/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 30? rdkif;yef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdkif;rdk;=unf/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 31? rdkif;udkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdkif;tGrf/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 32? rdkif;¶SL;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdkif;0if;az(c)0if;az/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 33? rdkif;&,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;vS'if/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 34? rlq,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;pdkif;vSaz/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 35? rlq,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;pdkif;armifav;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 36? rdk;rdwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - a'gufwmtkef;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 37? rbdrf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;cspfcif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 38? rdkif;ysif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;',feD&,fatmif/ vm;[ltrsdK;om;zGH@jzdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwD? 39? rdkif;,ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdkif;EGHwpf(yf)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 40? rdkif;cwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdkif;&SJefavG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 41? rdkif;wHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdkif;ausmfpdef/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 42? rdkif;qwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;qef0kef;(c)OD;pdkif;bkef;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - 53 -

43? rdkif;a,mif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - pdkif;xGef;atmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 44? rdkif;jzwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdkif;EGJ@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 45? &GmiH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;atmifodef;/ jynfaxmifpktrsdK;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDygwD? 46? &yfapmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - a'gufwmvS&Sdef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 47? vGdKifvif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdkif;xGef;ausmf(c)xGef;ausmf/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 48? vJcsm;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;omxGef;jr/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 49? vif;ac;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdkif;xGef;atmif/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 50? vm;¶_d;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;pdkif;jrifharmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 51? vm;&_d;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;oef;aX;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 52? odEDM+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdkif;xGef;vl/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGH@csKyf? 53? oDayg+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - cGefxGef;OD;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 54? oDayg+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;pdkif;atmifoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 55? [dkyHk;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pHvS/ jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsdK;om;tzGJ@csKyf? 56? [dkyef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;cGefxGef;vl/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? (14) {&m0wDwdkif;? 1? usdKufvwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;oef;wif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 2? usdKufvwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;wif0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 3? ausmif;ukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;apmvGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 4? ausmif;ukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmvS0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 5? usHKaysmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;ref;a*smfeD/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

- 54 -

6? usKHaysmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;wif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 7? =uHcif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - a'gufwm&Jjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 8? iykawm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;a';ApfvSjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 9? iykawm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmppfwif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 10? ZvGef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;ausmfjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 11? ZvGef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - Adkvfrª;}uD;=unf0if;(t+idrf;pm;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 12? anmifwkef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;atmif}udKif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 13? anmifwkef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;ompdk;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 14? a';'&J+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwmrsdK;!Gef@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 15? a';'&J+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;oef;xGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 16? "EkjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;0if;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 17? "EkjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;aomif;&D/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 18? ykodrftaemuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;wifacsm/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 19? ykodrftaemuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;ausmfrif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 20? ykodrfta&S@+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;!Gef@v_dif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 21? ykodrfta&S@+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;vS=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 22? yef;waemf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwmwifrif;xGÉf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 23? yef;waemf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;ref;!Gef@odef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 24? zsmyHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;aomif;wif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 25? zsmykH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;rif;aqG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 26? bdkuav;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;0if;}udKif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - 55 -

27? bdkuav;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmpdefjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 28? rtlyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;cspfoef;/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? 29? rtlyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;vSjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 30? armfv+rdKifu|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;vSaz/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 31? armfv+rdKifu|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;wifvS/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 32? ajrmif;jr+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;atmif=uif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 33? ajrmif;jr+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;pdk;rif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 34? jrefatmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;wifOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 35? jrefatmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;jrifhod%f;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 36? a&=unf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;!Gef@0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 37? a&=unf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;armifarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 38? vyGwWm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;=unf0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 39? vyGwWm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmat;=uL/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 40? av;rsufESm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;pDarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 41? av;rsufESm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;qef;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 42? 0g;c,fr+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;wifatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 43? 0g;c,fr+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - Adkvfrª;}uD;oufa0(t+idrf;pm;)/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? 44? omaygif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;vSjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 45? omaygif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;oef;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 46? [oFmw+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;jroef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - 56 -

47? [oFmw+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmaZmfjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 48? t*Fyl+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;jr0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 49? t*Fyl+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmpef;atmif/ woD;yk*~v? 50? tdrfrJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;wifxGwf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 51? tdrfrJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;jrifharmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? ÙÙÙÙÙ jrefrmwjynfvHk;wGif pkpkaygif;rJqENe,f (492)e,fowfrSwfxm;cJhaomfvnf; ucsifjynfe,fwGif (1) ae&mESifh ¶Srf;jynfe,fwGif (6)ae&m/ pkpkaygif;(7)ae&mwGif vHk+cHKa&;tajctaersm;a=umifha¶G;aumufyGJusif; yjcif;rjyKvkyfEdkifcJhojzifh usef(485)ae&mtwGufomusif;yEdkifcJhonf? jynfe,fESifhwdkif;(14)ck¶Sd rJqENe,f (485)ae&mwGif woD;yk*~v(87)OD;tygt0if udk,fpm;vS,favmif;(2296)OD;0ifa&muf ,SOf+ydKifcJh=u&m woD; yk*~v(6)OD;ESifhtrsdK;orD;(15)OD;tygt0if udk,fpm;vS,f(485)OD;a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf? jynfe,f ESifhwdkif;tvdkuf a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&olta&twGufrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf? (1) ucsifjynfe,f (2) u,m;jynfe,f (3) u&ifjynfe,f (4) csif;jynfe,f (5) ppfudkif;wdkif; (6) weoFm&Dwdkif; (7) yJcl;wdkif; (8) rauG;wdkif; (9) rEWav;wdkif; (10) rGefjynfe,f (11) &cdkifjynfe,f (12) &efukefwdkif; (13) ¶Srf;jynfe,f (14) {&m0wDwdkif;

19 OD;? 8 OD;? 14 OD;? 13 OD;? 58 OD;? 13 OD;? 51 OD;? 39 OD;? 56 OD;? 20 OD;? 26 OD;? 61 OD;? 56 OD;? 51 OD;?

a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onfh woD;yk*~vudk,fpm;vS,f(6)OD;rSm ² ² ² (1) (2) (3) (4)

a'gufwmr_xef/ xefwvef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f/ csif;jynfe,f? OD;vseftkyf/ [m;cg;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f/ csif;jynfe,f? OD;odef;az/ uef@bvl+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)/ ppfudkif;wdkif;? OD;0if;¶Sdef/ ajrmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)/ ppfudkif;wdkif;? - 57 -

(5) OD;yDwmvif;yif/ jyifOD;vGif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)/ rEWav;wdkif;? (6) a'gufwmpef;atmif/ t*Fyl+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)/ {&m0wDwdkif;? a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onfh trsdK;orD;udk,fpm;vS,f(15)OD;rSm ² ² ² (1) a':pdefwif/ a¶$ul+rdK@e,frJqENe,f/ ucsifjynfe,f? (2) eef;cifaxG;jrifh/ bm;tH+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(3)/ u&ifjynfe,f? (3) a':q,fq,f/ cEWD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f/ ppfudkif;wdkif;? (4) a':cifpef;vd_if/ 0ufvuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)/ ppfudkif;wdkif;? (5) a':vSvSrdk;/ rif;vS+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)/ yJcl;wdkif;? (6) a':arESifh=unf(c)a':eD/ rdk;ukwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)/ rEWav;wdkif;? (7) a':tkef;=unf/ jrpfom;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)/ rEWav;wdkif;? (8) a':cifaX;ºuG,f/ acsmif;qHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)/ rGefjynfe,f? (9) a':wifapmOD;/ rk'Hk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)/ rGefjynfe,f? (10) a':pef;pef;/ qdyfurf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f/ &efukefwdkif;? (11) a':pefar(a¶$ularESif;)/ wdkuf}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)/ &efukefwdkif;? (12) a'gufwmar0if;jrifh/ r&rf;ukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)/ &efukefwdkif;? (13) a':cifat;jrifh/ &efuif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f/ &efukefwdkif;? (14) a':pef;pef;0if;/ tvHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f/ &efukefwdkif;? (15) a':ar+zdK;/ erRwl+rdK@e,frJqENe,f/ ¶Srf;jynfe,f? a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onfh trsdK;orD;v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftm;vHk;onf trsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh=uolrsm;csnf;jzpfonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJwGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmfwpf0ef;vHk;Y a¶G;aumufyGJ usif;ycJhonfh rJqENe,faygif;(485)e,fwGif rJqENe,fxuf0ufausmfwGif 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJhonfh EdkifiHa&; ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;}uD;(4)zGJ@¶SdcJh&m tqdkygEdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;}uD;(4)zGJ@. a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHcJh&r_ tae txm;rSm ² ² ² pOf? EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;trnf (1) (2) (3) (4)

trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD 'Drdkua&pDESifh+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@csKyf jynfaxmifpktrsdK;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDygwD

a¶G;aumufyGJ &¶Sdaom a¶G;aumufcH&r_ 0ifrJqENe,f udk,fpm;vS,f &mcdkifE_ef; ta&twGuf 447 392 87²69 413 10 2²42 309 247 1 0²40

EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;. tajctaerSm aumfr¶SifwGifrSwfyHkwifcJhonfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@ tpnf;aygif; (235)zGJ@¶SdcJh&m/ ,if;wdk@teuf rdrdqENtav#mufzsufodrf;cJhonfh ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(102)zGJ@/ Arm jynfuGefjrLepfygwDESifh qufoG,fr_¶Sdojzifh zsufodrf;cHcJh&onfh ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(3)zGJ@/ tenf;qHk;owfrSwfxm; onfh rJqENe,f(3)e,fwGif 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifjcif;rjyKEdkifojzifh zsufodrf;cHcJh&onfh ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(6)zGJ@/ a¶G; aumufyGJvnf;r0if/ udk,fwdkifvnf;zsufodrf;ay;jcif;r¶Sdojzifh e0w. (1§90)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonfh ygwDtzGJ@ - 58 -

tpnf;(142)zGJ@/ a¶G;aumufyGJwGif0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKif+yD;rSy,fzsufcJhonfh ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(83)zGJ@¶SdcJhojzifh w&m; 0ifqufvuf&yfwnfaeonfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(10)zGJ@om usef¶Sdawmhonf? ‚if;wdk@rSm ² ² ² (1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (2) ¶Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (3) wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD (4) vm;[ltrsdK;om;zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwD (5) +rdK(ac:)crD trsdK;om;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@ (r/ c/ r/ n/ z) (6) jynfaxmifpkytdk0f;trsdK;om;tzGJ@csKyf (7) ¶Srf;jynfudk;uef@'Drdku&ufwpfygwD (8) jynfaxmifpku&iftrsdK;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf (9) udk;uef@'Drdkua&pDESifhnD!Gwfa&;ygwD (10) ‘0’ trsdK;om;zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwD wdk@jzpfonf? tqdkyg EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(10)zGJ@wGif v$waf wmfudk,fpm;vS,f tenf;qHk;wOD;ESifhtxuf a¶G; cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&onfh tzGJ@(7)zGJ@¶Sd+yD;/ (3)zGJ@rSm v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f wOD;wa,mufr# a¶G;cs,fwif ajr‡mufjcif; rcH&onfhtzGJ@rsm;jzpfonf? a&G;aumufyGJtwGuf EkdifiHawmfrSuscHokH;pGJonfhaiGrsm;? aumfr&Sifonf ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;twGuf óudwifjyifqifr_vkyfief; rsm;ukd 1988 ckESpf pufwifbmvupIaqmif&GufcJhonf? a&G;aumufyGJvkyfief;rsm;teuf t"duvkyfief;rsm; jzpfonfh pma&;ud&d,mrsm;0,f,ljzef@jzL;jcif;/ qENrJvufrSwfrsm;&kdufEdSyfjcif;/ qENjyKwHqdyfwkH;ESifh wHqdyf&dkuf rifcHcGufrsm;0,f,ljcif;/ jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJ Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;/ nGef=um;csufrsm;/ &yfuGufESifh aus;&Gmtkyfpk aumfr&SiftzGJ@cJGrsm;. vkyfief;vrf;nGefESifh rJ&kHrSL;ESifhrJ&kHtzGJ@0ifrsm;twGufvrf;nGef ponfhpm tkyfrsm;udk jyKpkykHESdyfjzef@a0jcif;/ rJ&kHaqmufvkyfjcif;/ rJykH;rsm;jyKvkyfjcif; ponfkwdk@twGuf ukefusp&dwfrsm;udk vnf;aumif;/ a&G;aumufyGJvkyfief;rsm;udk jynfe,fokd@r[kwfwkdif;/ òrd@e,fpk/ òrd@e,f/ &yfuGufESifhaus;&Gmtkyfpk aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;u taumiftxnfazmfvkyfaqmif&mwGif ukefusrnfhtokH;p&dwfrsm;ukdvnf;aumif; EkdifiHawmf.b¾maiGrSuscHokH;pGJcJhonf? ,if;odk@uscHokH;pGJcJh&mwGifb¾mESpftvkdufukefusaiGrsm;udkatmufyg twkdif;azmfjytyfygonf? (1) 1988 - 89 b¾mESpf usyf 22˜26˜722 (1-10-88 rS 31-3-89) (2) 1989 - 90 b¾mESpf usyf 1˜95˜78˜458 (1-4-89 rS 31-3-90) (3) 1990 - 91 b¾mESpf usyf 1˜38˜13˜123 (1-4-90 rS 30-6-90) cef@rSef;ukefusaiG pkpkaygif; ] usyf 3˜56˜18˜303 ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;y+yD;pD;jcif;? Taumfr&Sifonf vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waom ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJvkyfief;rsm; udk 1988 ckESpf pufwifbmvrSpIaqmif&GufcJhonf? ,if;odk@aqmif&Guf&mwGif acsmarmajyjypfonfhvkyfief; rsm;&SdouJhokd@ tcdsK@vkyfief;rsm;udkvnf; EkdifiHa&;t&vnf;aumif;/ pDrHcef@cGJa&;t&vnf;aumif; óud;pm;ajz &Sif;aqmif&ufcJh=uonf?

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EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf ,if;.pwkwœwm0eftjzpf vGwfvyfIw&m;r#w aom ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;yay;&ef owfrSwfcJhonf? jynfolrsm;uvnf; vGwfvyfI w&m;r#waom ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudkusif;yay;&ef vkdvm;awmif;wcJh=uonf? xkd@a=umifh aumfr&Sifonf rdrdtm;ay;tyfxm;onfh vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waom ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;usif;y&efwm0efukd vkyfief;tpDtpOfESifh tcsdfefZ,m;rsm;csrSwfum wqihf+yD; wqifh twddtusatmifjrifpGmaqmif&GufI aemufqkH;yef;wkdifae@jzpfaom 1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; 4 &uf (1990 jynfhESpf/ arv 27 &uf)ae@wGif vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waom ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ }uD;ukd atmifjrifpGmusif;yay;cJh+yD;jzpfonf? ,if;odk@atmifjrifpGmusif;ycJhjcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;I jynfoltajrmuf tjrm;uvnf;aumif;/ rJqENay;=uol rJqEN&Siftajrmuftjrm;uvnf;aumif;/ 0ifa&muf,SOf=uonfh EkdifiHa&;ygwDtrsm;pkuvnf;aumif; vGwfvyfIw&m;r#wonf[k 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omcsD;usL;=uonftxd omru ,cifu oHo,&Sdonf[ktwdtvif;xkwfazmfajymqkdcJh=uonfh EkdifiHjcm;tpdk;&rsm;/ EkdifiHjcm; oHwrefrsm;ESifh EkdifiHjcm;owif;axmufrsm;ESifhEkdifiHjcm;owif;Xmersm;uyif vGwfvyfIw&m;r#wr_&Sdonf[k vnf;aumif;/ pepfwus&Sdonf[kvnf;aumif; woHwnf;0efcHcsD;usL;cJh=uonf? ÙÙÙÙÙ

“ 1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifwGif rSwfyHkwifcJhonfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;?” jrefrmEdkifiHwGif (26)ESpfwm wygwDpepfusif;oH;k cJh+yD;aemuf ygwDpHkpepfusifhoHk;&efjzpfvmonfhtcg EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm; zGJ@pnf;v_yf¶Sm;&mwGif pepfwus pnf;¶Hk;v_yf¶Sm;Edkifa&;twGuf EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yf ydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@rS EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfyHkwifjcif;Oya'udk 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (27)&ufae@ wGif jyXmef;ay;cJhonf? EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfyHkwifjcif;Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;udk jyXmef;+yD;onfhaemuf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxG axGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS ,if;Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;ESifhtnD a¶G;aumufyGJY0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifvdk aom EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tm; 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (30)&ufae@rSpIrSwfyHkwifcGifhjyKcJh&m aemufqHk;rSwfyHkwifcGifhjyK&efjzpfonfh 1989 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (28)&ufae@txd (5)vcef@twGif; rSwfyHkwif cJh=uonfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf? Ù a¶G;aumufyGJwGif0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh+yD; v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftenf;qHk;wOD;ESifhtxuf a¶G;cs,fwif ajr‡mufcHcJh&onfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;? (1) 'Drdkua&pDygwD

Democracy Party (DP)

¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (1)OD; a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 30-9-88 a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² armif;

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¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (11)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(7§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (2) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf National League for Democracy (NLD)

¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (392)OD; a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 30-9-88 a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² carmuf ¡ ,ae@wdkif w&m;0if &yfwnfv#uf¶Sdonf? ¢ (3) 'Drdku&ufwpfwuUodkvfbGJ@&ESifhausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzGJ@ Graduates and Old Students Democratic Association

¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (1)OD; a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 10-10-88 a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² vufqGJrD;tdrf ¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (11)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(7§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (4) &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf Arakan League for Democracy (ALD)

¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (11)OD; a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 12-10-88 a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² qDrD;cGuf ¡ 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (6)&ufae@wGif aumfr¶SifrS y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢ (5) wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD National Unity Party (NUP)

¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (10)OD; a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 12-10-88 a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² pyg;ESH ¡ ,ae@wdkif w&m;0if &yfwnfv#uf¶Sdonf? ¢ (6) rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ Mon National Democratic Front (MNDF)

¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (5)OD; a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 17-10-88 a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² ae=umyef;yGifh ¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (18)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(8§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (7) ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&uf Zomi National Congress (ZNC)

¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (2)OD; a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 18-10-88 a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² aomhcavmuf ¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (11)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(7§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (8) csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf - 61 -

Chin National League for Democracy (CNLD)

¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (3)OD; a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 18-10-88 a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² aomhwGJ ¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (18)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(8§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (9) rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@ Patriotic Old Comrades League (POCL)

¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (1)OD; a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 28-10-88 a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² ykavG ¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (11)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(7§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (10) ¶Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf Shan Nationalities League for Democracy (SNLD)

¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (23)OD; a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 21-10-88 a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² tdk;pnf ¡ ,ae@wdkif w&m;0if &yfwnfv#uf¶Sdonf? ¢ (11) em*awmifwef;a'owdk;wufzGH@+zdK;a&;ygwD Naga Hills Regional Progressive Party (NHRPP)

¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (2)OD; a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 26-10-88 a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² av,mOfysH ¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (18)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(8§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (12) u,m;jynfe,fvlrsdK;aygif;pHk'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf Kayah State All Nationalities League for Democracy (KNLD)

¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (2)OD; a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 28-10-88 a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² a&wGif; ¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (18)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(8§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (13) ucsifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf Kachin State National Congress for Democracy (KNCD)

¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (3)OD; a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 31-8-88 a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² acgif;avmif; ¡ 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (6)&ufae@wGif aumfr¶SifrS y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢ (14) u&ifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf Karen State Nationals Organization (KSNO)

¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (1)OD; a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ - 62 -

rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 1-11-88 a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² wa,m ¡ 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (27)&ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtav#muf zsufodrf;onf? ¢ (15) jynfaxmifpkytdk0fhtrsdK;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf Union Paoh National Organization (UPNO)

¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (3)OD; a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 1-11-88 a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² o&ufoD;wGJoHk;vHk; ¡ ,ae@wdkif w&m;0if &yfwnfv#uf¶Sdonf? ¢ (16) trsdK;om;vl@tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD National Democratic Party for Human Rights (NDPHR)

¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (4)OD; a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 1-11-88 a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² armfawmfum; ¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (18)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(8§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (17) wtm0f;(yavmif)trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf Ta-ang (Palaung) National League for Democracy (TNLD)

¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (2)OD; a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 15-11-88 a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² vufzuf&nf=urf;tdk; ¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (18)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(8§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (18) ¶Srf;jynfudk;uef@'Drdku&ufwpfygwD Shan State Kokang Democratic Party (SSKDP)

¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (1)OD; a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 16-9-88 a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² uwfa=u; ¡ ,ae@wdkif w&m;0if &yfwnfv#uf¶Sdonf? ¢ (19) jynfaxmifpk"EktrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf Union Danu League for Democracy (UDLD)

¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (1)OD; a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 7-12-88 a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² aowWm ¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (18)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(8§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (20) ureftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf Kamans National League for Democracy (KNLD)

¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (1)OD; a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 13-12-88 a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² vufqGJjcif;

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¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (11)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(7§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (21) u,ef;trsdK;om;rsm;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ Democratic Organization for Kayan National Unity (DOKNU)

¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (2)OD; a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 14-12-88 a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² z¶HkoD; ¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (11)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(7§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (22) r&mjynfol@ygwD Mara People's Party (MPP)

¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (1)OD; a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 14-12-88 a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² aumufvd_if;txHk; ¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (11)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(7§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (23) jynfaxmifpktrsdK;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDygwD (,ltifef'DyD) Union Nationals Democracy Party (UNDP)

¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (1)OD; a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 16-12-88 a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² csdefcGif ¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (18)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(8§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (24) +rdK(ac:)crD trsdK;om;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@(r/ c/ r/ n/ z) Mro or Khami National Solidarity Organization (MKNSO)

¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (1)OD; a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 22-12-88 a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² a&bHkbdkif ¡ ,ae@wdkif w&m;0if &yfwnfv#uf¶Sdonf? ¢ (25) vm;[ltrsdK;om;zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwD Lahu National Development Party (LNDP)

¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (1)OD; a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 27-2-89 a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² aq;wH ¡ ,ae@wdkif w&m;0if &yfwnfv#uf¶Sdonf? ¢ (26) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD Party for National Democracy (PND)

¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (3)OD; a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 27-2-89 a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² ESJ

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¡ 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (20)&ufae@wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&; aumfr¶SifrS EdkifiHa&;ygwDtjzpfrSwfyHkwifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsufa=umif; a=unmcsuftrSwf(902)jzifh xkwfjyefa=unmonf? ¢ (27) jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf United Nationalities League for Democracy (UNLD)

¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (1)OD; a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHcJh&onf? ¢ rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 27-2-89 a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² qdkif;0dkif; ¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (11)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(7§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ Ù a¶G;aumufyGJwGif0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh+yD; v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwOD;r# a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;rcH& aom EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;? (1) jynfol@'Drdkua&pDygwD People's Democratic Party

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (22)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(2§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (2) jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mr[mrdwfvli,frsm;tpnf;t¶Hk; All Burma United Youths Organization

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (2)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(4§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (3) nD!Gwfa&;ESifhzGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwD Unity and Development Party

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (13)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(5§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (4) zufqpfqef@usifa&;/ jynfol@vGwfvyfa&;tzGJ@csKyf (z-q-y-v) Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League (AFPFL)

¡ 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (1)&ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtav#muf zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (5) trsdK;om;jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&;'Drdkua&pDwyfaygif;pk (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH) Democratic Front for National Reconstruction (Union of Burma)

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (11)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(7§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (6) jrefrmEdkifiHnD!Gwfa&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD Burma United Democratic Party

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (8)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(1§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (7) trsdK;om;+idrf;csrf;a&;ESifh'Drdkua&pDygwD National Peace and Democracy Party

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (22)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(2§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (8) jynfaxmifpku&iftrsdK;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf - 65 -

Union Karen League

¡ ,ae@wdkif w&m;0if &yfwnfv#uf¶Sdonf? ¢ (9) vl@abmifopf'Drdku&ufwpfygwD Democratic Party for New Society (D.P.N.S.)

¡ 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (6)&ufae@wGif aumfr¶SifrS y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢ (10) jynfol@&JabmftzGJ@csKyf (ArmEdkifiH) People's Volunteer Organization (Burma)

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (2)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(4§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (11) ucsifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD The Kachin State National Democratic Party

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (13)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(5§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (12) jynfcspfvli,frsm;tpnf;t¶Hk; Patriotic Youth Organization

¡ 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (17)&ufae@wGif aumfr¶SifrS y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢ (13) jrefrmEdkifiH'Drdku&ufwpfjynfol@tiftm;tzGJ@csKyf All Burma Democratic People's Power Organization

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (22)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(2§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (14) trsdK;om;wdk;wufa&;vli,ftzGJ@csKyf (jrefrmEdkifiH) National Progressive Youth of Burma

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (13)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(5§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (15) 'Drdku&ufwpfavbmygwD (jrefrmjynf) Democratic Labour Party (Burma)

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (2)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(4§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (16) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH z-q-y-v A[dktzGJ@csKyf Union of Burma (Main) AFPFL (Hq)

¡ 1991 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (31)&ufae@wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumf r¶SifrS a=unmcsuftrSwf(906)jzifh EdkifiHa&;ygwDtjzpfrSwfyHkwifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢ (17) ¶Srf;jynfwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkrsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf Democratic League for the National Races of the Shan State

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (13)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(5§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (18) trsdK;om;nD!Gwfa&;uGef*&uf United National Congress

¡ 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (30)&ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtav#muf zsufodrf;onf? ¢ (19) 'Drdku&ufwpfvl@tcGifhta&;ygwD Democratic Human Rights Party

¡ 1991 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (19)&ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtav#muf zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢

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(20) rsdK;cspf'Drdku&ufwpfvli,fwyfaygif;pk (jrefrmEdkifiH) Patriotic Democratic Youth Front (Burma)

¡ 1991 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (11)&ufae@wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&; aumfr¶SifrS a=unmcsuftrSwf(911)jzifh EdkifiHa&;ygwDtjzpfrSwfyHkwifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢ (21) awmifolv,form;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@ (w/ v/ p/ n) Peasants' Unity Organization

¡ 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (27)&ufae@wiG f rdrdwdk@qENtav#muf zsufodrf;onf? ¢ (22) vli,fpnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@ Youth Unity Organization

¡ 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (27)&ufae@wiG f rdrdwdk@qENtav#muf zsufodrf;onf? ¢ (23) tvkyform;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@ (v/ p/ n) Workers' Unity Organization

¡ 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (27)&ufae@wiG f rdrdwdk@qENtav#muf zsufodrf;onf? ¢ (24) jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mtrsdK;om;rsm;wdk;wufa&;'Drdkua&pDygwD All Burma National Progressive Democracy Party

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (2)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(4§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (25) vli,fnD!Gwfa&;wyfaygif;pk (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH) Youths' Solidarity Front (Union of Burma)

¡ 1991 ckESpf/ arv (8)&ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtav#muf zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (26) ¶Srf;trsdK;om;zGH@+zdK;a&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH) Shan National Development Democratic Party (Union of Burma)

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (2)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(4§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (27) 'Drdkua&pDjrwfEdk;aomjynfolrsm;tzGJ@csKyf ('-r-y-z) Democratic People's League (DPL)

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (2)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(4§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (28) jrefrmtrsdK;orD;wdk;wufa&;or*~ (A[dkXmecsKyf) Union for the Improvement of Burma Women (Central Headquarters)

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (2)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(4§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (29) jynfol@pGrf;tm;ygwD Peoples Power Party (PPP)

¡ 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (19)&ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtav#ufzsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (30) jynfaxmifpkwnfwHhcdkif+rJa&;ygwD (y-w-c) Union Stability Party (USP)

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (2)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(4§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (31) &cdkifwdkif;&if;om;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@csKyf (&-w-n) The Arakan National Unity Organization (ANUO)

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¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (8)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(1§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (32) trsdK;om;+idrf;csrf;a&;ygwD National Peace Party (NPP)

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (22)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(2§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (33) vGwfvyfaomjrefrmEdkifiHjynfolrsm;tzGJ@csKyf Free People League of Burma

¡ 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (27)&ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtav#muf zsufodrf;onf? ¢ (34) ucsifwuUodkvfausmif;om;rsm;OD;aqmifaomucsifvli,ftzGJ@ Union of Kachin Youth Led by Kachin University Students (UKY)

¡ 1991 ckESpf/ arv (23)&ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtav#muf zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (35) &cdkifvlrsdK;pkrsm;'Drdkua&pDygwD Arakan Nationalities Democracy Party

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (8)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(1§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (36) zufqpfqef@usifa&;jynfol@vGwfvyfa&;rlvtzGJ@csKyf (z-q-y-v rlvtzGJ@csKyf) Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League (Original) (Hq); AFPFL (Original) (Hq)

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (2)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(4§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (37) awmifolv,form;or*~rsm;tzGJ@csKyf (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH) League of Peasants' Unions (Union of Burma)

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (13)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(5§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (38) tvkyform;nD!Gwfa&;or*~rsm;tzGJ@csKyf (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH) United Trade Union Congress (Union of Burma)

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (13)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(5§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (39) ar,kzGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;ausmif;om;vli,frsm;tzGJ@csKyf (tm&fumef) Students and Youths League for Mayyu Development (Arakan)

¡ 1991 ckESpf/ ZGefv (18)&ufae@wGif aumfr¶SifrS y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢ (40) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHnD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (y-n-'-z) Union of Burma Unity Democracy League (RUDL)

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (22)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(2§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (41) awmifolv,form; u'l;/ ueef;ESifh ¶Srf;trsdK;om;aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (Aef;armuf+rdK@) Farmer, Gadu, Ganan and Shan National Unity Democratic Headquarters (Banmauk Myo)

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (2)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(4§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (42) udk;uef@'Drdkua&pDESifhnD!Gwfa&;ygwD - 68 -

Kokang Democracy and Unity Party

¡ ,ae@wdkif w&m;0if &yfwnfv#uf¶Sdonf? ¢ (43) 'Drdkua&pDESifh+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@csKyf ('D§+idrf;) League for Democracy & Peace (LDP)

¡ 1991 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (4)&ufae@wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&; aumfr¶SifrS a=unmcsuftrSwf(908)jzifh EdkifiHa&;ygwDtjzpfrSwfyHkwifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢ (44) awmifolv,form;wdk;wufzGH@+zdK;a&;ygwD Peasants' Development Party (PDP)

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (2)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(4§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (45) ¶Srf;jynfe,fucsiftrsdK;om;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD Shan State Kachin Democratic Party

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (2)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(4§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (46) ucsiftrsdK;om;vHk;qdkif&muGef*&uf Kachin National Congress (KNC)

¡ 1991 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (27)&ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtav#muf zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (47) wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkb0opfxlaxmifa&;ygwD (XmecsKyf) National Ethnic Reformation Party (Headquarters)

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (2)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(4§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (48) jynfol@a¶S@aqmifygwD (y-&-y) People's Pioneer Party (PPP)

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (2)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(4§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (49) trsdK;om;ygwD (t-r-y) Amyothar Party (AP)

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (8)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(1§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (50) rsdK;qufopftm;rmefvli,fhwyfOD; The Might of New Generation Youth Front (Burma)

¡ 1990 jynfhESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (9)&ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtav#muf zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (51) ‘0’trsdK;om;zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwD Wa National Development Party

¡ ,ae@wdkif w&m;0if &yfwnfv#uf¶Sdonf? ¢ (52) vDql;trsdK;om;aoG;pnf;cdkifrma&;tzGJ@ (v-r-o-z) Lisu National Solidarity (LNS)

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (18)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(8§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (53) u&iftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf (u-'-w) Karen National Congress for Democracy (KNCD)

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¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (2)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(4§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (54) tif;trsdK;om;tzGJ@csKyf Inn-Tha National Organization

¡ 1991 ckESpf/ ZGefv (27)&ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtav#muf zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (55) &cdkiftrsdK;om;vlr_b0jr‡ifhwifa&;tzGJ@ The Rakhine National Humanitarian Development Organization

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (2)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(4§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (56) wdkif;&if;EG,fzGm;yl;aygif;a&;ygwD Indigenous Race Collaboration Party

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (22)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(2§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (57) jynfaxmifpkjynfol@b0ESifh'Drdkua&pDygwD Union People's Future and Democracy Party

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (22)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(2§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (58) jynfaxmifpk'Drdkua&pDygwDrsm;tzGJ@csKyf United League of Democratic Parties

¡ 1991 ckESpf/ rwfv (19)&ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtav#muf zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (59) uGefjrLepfqef@usifa&;/ qdk¶S,fvpfqef@usifa&;/ tm%m¶Sifqef@usifa&;/ vGwfvyfaom'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf Anti-Communist, Anti-Socialist, Anti-Totalitarian Free Democracy League

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (2)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(4§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (60) trsdK;om;EdkifiHa&;wyfaygif;pk(vli,f) National Politics Front (Youth)

¡ 1991 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (6)&ufae@wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&; aumfr¶SifrS a=unmcsuftrSwf(909)jzifh EdkifiHa&;ygwDtjzpfrSwfyHkwifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢ (61) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH'Drdkua&pDwyfaygif;pk (y-'-w) Union of Burma Democratic Front

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (8)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(1§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (62) 'Drdkua&pDr[mrdwfrsm;tzGJ@csKyf ('-r-z) League of Democratic Allies

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (8)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(1§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (63) &cdkifjynfol@'Drdkua&pDwyfaygif;pk Arakan People's Democratic Front

¡ 1991 ckESpf/ arv (13)&ufae@wGif aumfr¶SifrS y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢ (64) jynfol@awmifolv,form;or*~(jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH) People's Peasants Union (Union of Burma)

- 70 -

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (22)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(2§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (65) trsdK;om;a&;yuwdvrf;pOfOD;aqmiftiftm;pktzGJ@csKyf Leading Strength of National Realism Central

¡ 1991 ckESpf/ ZGefv (25)&ufae@wGif aumfr¶SifrS y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢ (66) 'Drdkua&pDjrwfEdk;aomjynfolrsm;r[mrdwftzGJ@}uD; ('-r-r-z) Democratic Allies' League (DAL)

¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (22)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@ trSwf(2§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ Ù aumfr¶SifwGifrSwfyHkwifcJh+yD; a¶G;aumufyGJrwdkifrD ta=umif;trsdK;rsdK;a=umifh rSwfyHkwifxm;jcif;rSy,fzsuf cJhonfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;? (1) jynfol@vli,ftzGJ@csKyf(jrefrmEdkifiH) People's Youth Federation (Burma)

(2) jrefrmjynf'Drdku&ufwpfygwD Burma Democratic Party

(3-11-89 &ufae@wGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0iftm;vHk;. qENoabmxm;t& rSwfyHkwifxm; jcif;udk y,fzsufcJhonf?) (3) jynfaxmifpk+idrf;csrf;a&;'Drdkua&pDygwD United Peace Democratic Party

(5-1-90 &ufae@wGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0iftm;vHk;. qENoabmxm;t& rSwfyHkwifxm; jcif;udk y,fzsufcJhonf?) (4) 'Drdkua&pDxGef;um;a&;tzGJ@ Democracy Development Organization

(11-12-89 &ufae@wGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0iftm;vHk;. qENoabmxm;t& rSwfyHkwif xm;jcif;udk y,fzsufcJhonf?) (5) 'Drdkua&pDwdk;wufa&;r[mrdwfygwD Democratic Progress Allied Party

(23-11-89 &ufae@wGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0iftm;vHk;. qENoabmxm;t& rSwfyHkwif xm;jcif;udk y,fzsufcJhonf?) (6) vl@tcGifhta&;ESifh+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@csKyf The League for Human Rights & Peace

(8-1-90 &ufae@wGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0iftm;vHk;. qENoabmxm;t& rSwfyHkwifxm; jcif;udk y,fzsufcJhonf?) (7) jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mtrsdK;om;vli,frsm;tzGJ@csKyf All Burma National Youths League

(8) jrefrmjynfwdk;wufa&;vli,ftzGJ@csKyf Youth Union for Burma's Progress

(9) jynfol@vGwfvyfr_ESifhwdk;wufr_cdkif+rJa&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD People's Democratic Party for Stability of Freedom & Development

(10) jynfol@wdk;wufa&;ESifhvGwfajrmufa&;'Drdkua&pDwyfOD; - 71 -

People's Progressive and Freedom Democracy Front

(11) a¶S@aqmiftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD Forward National Democracy Front

(12) 'Drdkua&pDESifhvl@tcGifhta&;tzGJ@ Democracy and Human Rights Organization (D-H-O)

(13) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH+idrf;csrf;a&;ESifhpD;yGm;zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwD The Peace and Economic Development Party of Union of Burma

(14) ppfrSefaom'Drdkua&pDpepftzGJ@ (p-'-p) Real Democracy System Party

(15) jynfaxmifpkwdk;wufzGH@+zdK;a&;tzGJ@(jrefrmEdkifiH) Federal Development Organization (Burma)

(16) jynfol@ausmif;om;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD People's Student Democratic Party

(17) wdk;wufaom'Drdku&ufwpfvli,frsm;tzGJ@csKyf(jrefrmEdkifiH) Progressive Democratic Youth League (Burma)

(18) vpfb&,f'Drdkua&pDygwD Liberal Democracy Party

(19) ArmhrsdK;cspfvli,ftpnf;t¶Hk; Association of Burma Patriotic Youth

(20) 'Drdku&ufwpfvli,frsm;tzGJ@(rGefjynfe,f) Democratic Youth Organization (Mon State)

(21) jynfol@aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;ESifhv_yf¶Sm;r_ygwD People's Solidarity and Action Party

(22) 'Drdkua&pDorRwEdkifiHwnfwHha&;wyfOD; Democratic Republican Front (Burma)

(23) jynfaxmifpkvli,fausmif;om;rsm;aygif;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@ Youth and Student Union Association

(24) &cdkifjynfnD!Gwfa&;ESifh'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ Rakhine Unity and Democracy Association

(25) vlrsdK;aygif;pHkcspf=unfa&;toif;(jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH) Society for International Friendship (Union of Burma)

¡ jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f tenf;qHk;(3)e,fwGif0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifjcif;rjyKonfhtwGuf EdkifiHawmf +idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1990 jynfhESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (23)&ufae@ &ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (2§90)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (26) ae¶Sife,fygwD National Party

(27) &cdkifjynfol@nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@ Arakan People's United Organization

(28) nD!Gwfa&;ESifh+idrf;csrf;a&;ygwD Party for Unity and Peace

(29) 'Drdkua&pDESifh+idrf;csrf;om,ma&;tzGJ@(jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH) Organization of Peace and Welfare for Democracy (Union of Burma)

(30) jynfaxmifpkvli,fygwD Union Youth Party

- 72 -

(31) ausmif;om;rsm;'Drku d a&pDta&;awmfyHkygwD Students' Revolutionary Party for Democracy (SRDP)

¡ jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f tenf;qHk;(3)e,fwGif0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifjcif;rjyKonfhtwGuf EdkifiHawmf +idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1990 jynfhESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (23)&ufae@ &ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (2§90)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (32) vGwfvyfaom'Drdku&ufwpfjynfaxmifpkygwD Independent Democratic Union Party

(33) ¶Srf;jynfajrmufydkif;vli,frsm;nD!Gwfa&;ESifhzGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;tzGJ@ Northern Shan State Youth Unity and Development Organization

(34) vli,f'Drdku&ufwpfygwD Democratic Party for Youth Society

(35) 'Drdkua&pD,Hk=unfolrsm;aygif;pnf;a&;tzGJ@csKyf Faithful Democratic Federation (F.D.F.)

(36) ¶Srf;jynfe,fvHk;qdkif&m'Drdku&ufwpfygwD Shan State Democratic Party

(37) trsdK;om;tusdK;aqmiftzGJ@ National Promotion Forum

(38) vGwfvyfaomjynfol@ygwD Liberal People's Party

(39) EdkifiHopf'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf League for New State Democracy

(40) rsdK;cspf+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@csKyf Patriotic League for Peace

(41) awmifwef;om;rsm;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD Highlander's Democratic Party

(42) &cdkiftrsdK;om;rsm;vl@tcGifhta&;ESifh+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@ Arakanese Peace & Human Rights Party

(43) vlrsdK;pkaygif;pnf;zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwD Federal Republic Development Party

¡ jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f tenf;qHk;(3)e,fwGif0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifjcif;rjyKonfhtwGuf EdkifiHawmf +idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1990 jynfhESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (23)&ufae@ &ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (2§90)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (44) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmfjynfol@+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@ People's Peace Organization of Union of Burma

(45) jrefrmjynftusdK;jyKygwD Party for National Development

(46) trsdK;om;EdkifiHa&;ausmif;om;vli,ftzGJ@ Organization of Students and Youth for National Politics

(47) jrefrmEkdifiHowif;axmufrsm;toif; Burma Reporters' Association

(48) jrefrmjynfopfygwD New Burma Party

(49) jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mnD!GwfaomvlrsdK;pkrsm;tzGJ@csKyf - 73 -

The Union of All Burma United Nationalities

(50) 'Drdku&ufwpfvli,fnD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@csKyf United Democratic Youth League

(51) trsdK;om;+idrf;csrf;om,ma&;ygwD (r-i-o-y) National Peace and Comfort Party

¡ jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f tenf;qHk;(3)e,fwGif0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifjcif;rjyKonfhtwGuf EdkifiHawmf +idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1990 jynfhESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (23)&ufae@ &ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (2§90)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (52) 'Drdkua&pDopfygwD New Democracy Party

(53) vlr_pepfqdkif&mtawG;tac:opfrsm;xGef;um;a&;ygwD New Ideology Improvement Party for Social System

(54) jynfol@wdk;wufa&;ygwD/ &efukef+rdK@? People's Progressive Party

¡ EdkifiHawmftm; vufeufpGJudkifIawmfvSefykefuefaeaom ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD aomif;usef;ol tzGJ@tpnf;. ajray:tzGJ@tpnf;jzpfa=umif; awG@¶Sd&onfhtwGuf aumfr¶Sifu 1989 ckESpf/ pufwif bmv (19)&ufae@ &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf(315)xkwfjyefI y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢ (55) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH'Drdku&ufwpftzGJ@csKyf Union of Burma Democratic League

(56) jynfol@qENpdk;rdk;a&;tzGJ@csKyf Rule of People's Democracy League

(57) t+rJpdrf;vli,frsm;tzGJ@/ rHk¶Gm+rdK@? Ever Green Young Men Association

¡ EdkifiHawmftm; vufeufpGJudkifIawmfvSefykefuefaeaom ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD aomif;usef;ol tzGJ@tpnf;. ajray:tzGJ@tpnf;jzpfa=umif; awG@¶Sd&onfhtwGuf aumfr¶Sifu 1989 ckESpf/ pufwif bmv (19)&ufae@ &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf(316)xkwfjyefI y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢ (58) jynfaxmifpk'Drdku&ufwpfuGef*&uf Union Democratic Congress

(59) rdcif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf League for Mother Democracy

(60) 'Drdkua&pDjyefvnfxlaxmifa&;tzGJ@ Democracy Reformation League

(61) jynfol@'Drdkua&pD¶Sifoefa&;tzGJ@csKyf League for the Vitality of People's Democracy

(62) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHwdkif;&if;om;aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@csKyf National Solidarity League, Union of Burma

(63) &cdkifvlrsdK;pkrsm;nD!Gwfa&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD Rakhine Races United Democratic Party (RRUDP)

(64) w&m;r#wr_ygwD Justice Party

(65) trsdK;om;}uHhcdkifa&;ESifh+idrf;csrf;a&;ygwD National Fitness and Peace Party

(66) trsdK;om;orRmorRwtzGJ@csKyf - 74 -

National Republican Federation (NRF)

(67) ppfrSefaomtrsdK;om;'Drdku&ufwpfvli,ftzGJ@ Genuine National Democratic Youth Organization

(68) &DywfAvpfuifygwD Republican Party

(69) 'Drdkua&pDnD!Gwfa&;wyfOD; United Democratic Front (UDF)

(70) awmifolv,form;ygwD (Armjynf) Peasant Party (Burma)

(71) tvkyform;ygwD (Armjynf) Labour Party (Burma)

(72) ¶Srf;jynfe,fvHk;qdkif&mvli,fausmif;om;rsm;+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@csKyf League for Peace of All Shan Youth & Students

(73) b0opfygwD The New Life Party

(74) trsdK;om;EdkifiHa&;wyfaygif;pk (r-e-w)/ rEWav;+rdK@? National Politics Front (NPF)

¡ EdkifiHawmftm; vufeufpGJudkifIawmfvSefykefuefaeaom ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD aomif;usef;ol tzGJ@tpnf;. ajray:tzGJ@tpnf;jzpfa=umif; awG@¶Sd&onfhtwGuf aumfr¶Sifu 1989 ckESpf/ pufwif bmv (19)&ufae@ &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf(314)xkwfjyefI y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢ (75) jynfaxmifpkzGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;ESifhw&m;r#wa&;v_yf¶Sm;r_ygwD (y-z-w-v) Union Progress and Justice Action Party (UPJAP)

(76) vrf;!$ef'Drdkua&pDygwD Guidance Democracy Party (GDP)

(77) nD!Gwfa&;tiftm;pktzGJ@ United Force Party

(78) 'Drdkua&pDv_yf¶Sm;r_ygwDjrefrmjynf Democratic Action Party of Burma (DAB)

(79) zufqpfqef@usifa&;/ jynfol@vGwfvyfa&; rlvvli,ftzGJ@csKyf (jrefrmEdkifiH) Youth Organization of Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League (Original) (Burma) (HQ)

(80) ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mvli,frsm;tpnf;t¶Hk;(XmecsKyf) (A-v-p) All Burma Youth League (Hqrs) (ABYL)

(81) jynfaxmifpkvlrsdK;pkrsm;tzGJ@csKyf (jrefrmEdkifiH) Union National League (Burma)

(82) trsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pD/ +idrf;csrf;a&;ESifhaoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD (r-'-i-o-n) National Democratic Peace and Solidarity Party (NDPSP)

(83) awmifolv,form;ESifhtvkyform; zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (v-t-z-') Peasants and Workers Development Democracy League (PWDDL)

(84) jynfol@w&m;r#wa&;ygwD (jrefrmjynf) People's Justice Party (Burma)

(85) 'Drdkua&pDacwfopfwnfaqmufa&; awmifolv,form;/ tvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH) Peasants & Workers League for Democratic New-Construction (Union of Burma)

(86) aoG;opfvli,frsm;tzGJ@csKyf (jrefrmEdkifiH) - 75 -

League of New Generations (Union of Burma)

(87) jrefrmjynfvGwfvyfr_xGef;um;a&;tzGJ@csKyf (r-v-x) Burma's League for Liberal Evolution

(88) &uQdKifausmif;om;vli,frsm;tzGJ@csKyf League for Arakan Students and Youths

(89) 'Drdkua&pDwnfaqmufa&;jynfol@wyfOD; People's Front for Democracy Construction

(90) jynfcspf'Drdkua&pDygwD (y-'-y) Patriotic Democracy Party (PDP)

(91) wdk;wufaomjrefrmjynfopfygwD Progressive New Burma Party (PNBP)

(92) jynfaxmifpk.ppfrSefaom'Drdkua&pDygwD (jrefrmEdkifiH) Union's Genuine Democracy Party (Burma)

(93) 'Drdkua&pDygwDpHknD!Gwfa&;!Gef@aygif;tzGJ@csKyf Coalition League for Democratic Party Unity

(94) ytdk0f;trsdK;om;zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;tzGJ@ Pa-O National Development Organization

(95) r[mrdwf'Drdkua&pDXmecsKyf League for Democracy Alliance

(96) uluD;csif;trsdK;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD (u-r-p-y) Kuki Chin National Unity Party (KCNUP)

(97) 'Drdku&ufwpfjynfolrsm;ESifh0efxrf;a[mif;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf ('-y-x-c) Democratic People and Retired Personnel Organization (DPRPO)

(98) jrefrmjynfvltrsm;aumif;pm;a&;ygwD (qifjzLu|ef;+rdK@) Burma People's Welfare Party (Sinbyugyun)

(99) jynfol@tiftm;'Drdku&ufwpfvli,ftzGJ@csKyf People's Potential Democratic Youth League

(100) ppfrSefyGifhvif;Iw&m;r#waom'Drdku&ufwpfygwD (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH) Real, Peace [Open], Just-Democratic Party (Union of Burma)

(101) 'Drdkua&pDvlr_0ef;usifopfwnfaqmufa&;ygwD ({&m0wDwdkif; - ykodrf+rdK@) Democracy New Building Social Milieu Party (Bassein-Irrawaddy Division)

(102) tm;rmefopf'Drdku&ufwpfr[mrdwfygwD New Strength Democratic Allied Party

(103) awmifydkif;csif;'Drdkua&pDygwD (w-c-'-y) Southern Chin Democracy Party (SCDP)

(104) vli,fausmif;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pk Youth and Students Democracy Forces

(105) rsdK;cspfjynfol@ygvDrefygwD Patriotic People's Parliamentary Party

(106) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDw&m;r#wa&;tzGJ@csKyf National League for Democracy Justice (NLDJ)

(107) ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mvGwfvyfaomtrsdK;orD;tpnf;t¶Hk; (A-v-r-p) All Burma Liberated Women's Organization

(108) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH z-q-y-v A[dkvli,ftzGJ@csKyf - 76 -

(Main) AFPFL Youth Hqs

(109) t¶_dcsif;trsdK;om;zGH@+zdK;a&;tzGJ@csKyf (t-r-z-c) Asho-Chin National Development League (ANDL)

¡ jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f tenf;qHk;(3)e,fwGif0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifjcif;rjyKonfhtwGuf EdkifiHawmf +idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1990 jynfhESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (23)&ufae@ &ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (2§90)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (110) bufrvdkufjynfol@'Drdkua&pDygwD (b-y-'-y) Non-Aligned People's Democracy Party

(111) rdcifjrefrmjynftzGJ@ Mikhin Bama Pyi Aphwe

(112) trsdK;om;pD;yGm;ukefoG,fa&;tzGJ@csKyf (p-y-u-o) National Economic League for Trade

(113) trsdK;om;wdk;wufa&;qdk¶S,fvpftzGJ@csKyf National Progressive Socialist League (NPSL)

¡ jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f tenf;qHk;(3)e,fwGif0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifjcif;rjyKonfhtwGuf EdkifiHawmf +idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1990 jynfhESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (23)&ufae@ &ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf (2§90)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢ (114) &ifhusufaom'Drdku&ufwpfygwD Matured Democratic Party (MDP)

(115) jynfol@ygwD People's Party

(116) jynfaxmifpkygwD (y-x-y) Union Party (UP)

(117) z'&,f'Drdku&ufwpfygwD (z-'-y) Federal Democratic Party (FDP)

(118) a¶S;¶dk;pOfvmjynfjrefrmtzGJ@ Conservative Party Burma

(119) trsdK;om;EdkifiHa&;trsdK;orD;tiftm;pk National Politics Women Force (NPWF)

(120) trsdK;om;pD;yGm;zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;tiftm;pk National Economic Development Force (NEDF)

(121) trsdK;om;EdkifiHa&;v,form;tiftm;pk National Politics Peasant Force (NPPF)

(122) trsdK;om;EdkifiHa&;tvkyform;tiftm;pk National Politics Labour Force (NPLF)

(123) trsdK;om;a&;'Drdkua&pDwnfaqmufr_ygwDXmecsKyf (r-'-w-y) National Democracy Establishment Party (Central) (NDEP)

(124) rsdK;cspfwdkif;&if;aq;ynm¶Sifrsm;tzGJ@csKyf Patriotic Indigenous Physicians League

(125) 0HomEkpdwf"mwfjyefvnfxGef;um;a&;ygwD (0-y-y) Esprit de Corps Restoration Party

(126) jynfol@owif;axmufrsm;toif; (jrefrmEdkifiH) Peoples' Reporters Association (Burma) (PRA)

- 77 -

(127) trsdK;om;aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;wyfaygif;pk (r-n-w) National Solidarity Front

(128) trsdK;om;EdkifiHa&;'Drdku&ufwpfvli,frsm;tzGJ@ (t-e-'-v) Organization of Democratic Youth for National Politics

(129) 0HomEkvli,fygwD Patriotic Youth Party

(130) jynfaxmifpkom;rsm;ygwD The Party of the Nationalities

(131) rsdK;cspfvuf¶Hk;ygwD Patriotic Force Party

(132) csif;trsdK;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD Chin National Unity Party

(133) 'Drdkua&pD¶Sifoef}uD;xGm;a&;or*~ ('-&-o) Union for Revival and Development of Democracy (URDD)

(134) trsdK;om;nD!Gwfa&;ESifhvli,fopfygwD National Unity and New Youth Party (NUNP)

(135) aoG;pnf;cdkifrma&;wyfaygif;pk Unification and Reinforcement Front

(136) jynfol@ta&;awmfyHkygwD People's Revolution Party (PRP)

(137) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmifolv,form;A[dktzGJ@csKyf Union of Burma (Main) Peasant Organization (Headquarters)

(138) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtvkyform;A[dktzGJ@csKyf Union of Burma (Main) Labour Organization (Headquarters) (also called Union of Burma Workers Central Headquarters)

(139) csif;trsdK;om;vli,ftzGJ@ Chin National Young Men's Organization

(140) e*g;eDygwD (jrefrmjynf) Congress (D) Party (Burma) (also called Nagani Party (Burma))

(141) jynfaxmifpk'Drdkua&pDnD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@ (y-'-n-z) Union Democracy Unity Organization

(142) tvkyform;tpnf;t¶Hk;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf (ArmEdkifiH) wD-,l-pD-bD Trade Union Congress (Burma)

(143) ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mawmifolv,form;tpnf;t¶Hk; XmecsKyf (A-w-v-p) All Burma Peasant Organization

ÙÙÙÙÙ a¶G;aumufyGJcHk¶Hk;rsm;wGif uef@uGufv$m wifoGif;jcif;ESifh ppfaq;jcif;? 1990 jynfhESpf/ arv (27)&ufae@wGif usif;y+yD;pD;cJhonfh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJwGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHxm;&olrsm;tm; ¶_H;edrfhv$wfawmfudk,fpm; - 78 -

vS,favmif;tcsdK@ESifh rJqEN¶SiftcsdK@u oufqdkif&modk@ uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ojzifh ppfaq;cJhonfhtr_aygif; rSm(11)r_¶Sdonf? ,if;(11)r_tm; a¶G;aumufyGJcHk¶Hk;(5)ckwGif =um;emppfaq;cJhonf? =um;emppfaq;onfhcHktzGJ@rsm;rS tzGJ@0ifrsm;rSm ² ² ² cHktzGJ@ (1) OuUX ² ² ² OD;wiftkef;/ !$ef=um;a&;rª;(t+idrf;pm;)/ A[dkOya'¶Hk; tzGJ@0if ² ² ² OD;cifarmif/ !$ef=um;a&;rª;(t+idrf;pm;)/ A[dkw&m;¶Hk; OD;jrifhxGef;/ 'kwd,!$ef=um;a&;rª;(t+idrf;pm;)/ A[dkw&m;¶Hk; cHktzGJ@ (2) OuUX ² ² ² OD;oef;wif/ w&m;a&;t}uHay;(t+idrf;pm;)/ A[dkw&m;¶Hk; tzGJ@0if ² ² ² OD;xGef;¶Sdef/ 'kwd,!$ef=um;a&;rª;/ A[dkw&m;¶Hk; OD;pdk;armif/ !$ef=um;a&;rª;/ 0efxrf;a&;&mOD;pD;Xme cHktzGJ@ (3) OuUX ² ² ² OD;boef;/ w&m;ol}uD;(t+idrf;pm;)/ w&m;¶Hk;csKyf tzGJ@0if ² ² ² OD;pdefxGef;/ wdkif;wm0efcH(t+idrf;pm;)/ Oya'0efxrf; OD;tkef;oef;/ !Gef=um;a&;rª;(t+idrf;pm;)/ 0efxrf;a¶G;cs,favhusifha&;tzGJ@ cHktzGJ@ (4) OuUX ² ² ² OD;vSaomif;/ Oya'0efxrf;tqifh(1)(t+idrf;pm;)/ A[dkOya'¶Hk; tzGJ@0if ² ² ² OD;cifarmifOD;/ Oya'0efxrf;tqifh(1)(t+idrf;pm;)/ A[dkOya'¶Hk; OD;cspfaqmif/ !Gef=um;a&;rª;(t+idrf;pm;)/ w&m;¶Hk;csKyf cHktzGJ@ (5) OuUX ² ² ² OD;oef;armif/ 'kwd,twGif;0ef(t+idrf;pm;)/ umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme tzGJ@0if ² ² ² OD;atmif=unf/ w&m;a&;t}uHay;(t+idrf;pm;)/ A[dkw&m;¶Hk; OD;azodef;/ w&m;a&;0efxrf;tqifh(1)(t+idrf;pm;)/ w&m;¶Hk;csKyf uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;xm;onfh tr_(11)r_rSm ² ² ² (1) OD;*sDabmifvSef; ucsifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf csDazG+rdK@e,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f/ ucsifjynfe,f? uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol ² ² ² OD;acgaqmif/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD (2) a'gufwmr_xef wpfoD;yk*~v xefwvef+rdK@e,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f/ csif;jynfe,f? uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol ² ² ² OD;EGeftkyf/ csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (3) OD;0if;¶Sdef wpfoD;yk*~v ajrmif+rdK@e,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf(1)/ ppfudkif;wdkif;? uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol ² ² ² a'gufwmausmfEdkifxGef;/ rJqEN¶Sif (4) OD;vSodef; - 79 -

trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf [krRvif;+rdK@e,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf(2)/ ppfudkif;wdkif;? uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol ² ² ² OD;armifoGif/ ¶Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (5) OD;yDwmvif;yif wpfoD;yk*~v jyifOD;vGif+rdK@e,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf(2)/ rEWav;wdkif;? uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol ² ² ² Adkvfrª;}uD;armifarmif(+idrf;)/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD (6) Edkifcifarmif rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ usdKufra&m+rdK@e,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf(2)/ rGefjynfe,f? uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol ² ² ² OD;wifaiG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (7) OD;cGefxGef;vl (c) OD;xGef;vl wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD [dkyef+rdK@e,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol ² ² ² OD;apmzD;vpf(c)OD;zD;vpfqrf/ ‘0’trsdK;om;zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwD (8) OD;a¶$, ureftrsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf ppfawG+rdK@e,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf(1)/ &cdkifjynfe,f? uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol ² ² ² OD;armifomZH/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (9) OD;0if;}udKif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf bdkuav;+rdK@e,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrq J ENe,ftrSwf(1)/ {&m0wDwdkif;? uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol ² ² ² OD;jr[ef/ bdkuav;+rdK@e,f/ iydacsmif;aus;¶Gm/ wdkif;&if;om; pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD rJ¶Hkudk,fpm;vS,f (10) a'gufwmpdefjrifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf bdkuav;+rdK@e,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf(2)/ {&m0wDwdkif;? uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol ² ² ² OD;wifqef;/ rJqEN¶Sif (11) a'gufwmpef;atmif woD;yk*~v t*Fyl+rdK@e,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf(2)/ {&m0wDwdkif;? uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol ² ² ² OD;odef;xGef;/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD ÙÙÙÙÙ “ 1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onfh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;. udk,fa&;tusOf;? ” - 80 -

(1) ucsifjynfe,f? ta¶S@bufESifh ta¶S@ajrmufbufwGif w¶kwfjynfol@orRwEdkifiH/ taemufbufwGif tdENd,EdkifiHESifh ppfudkif;wdkif;/ awmifbufwGif ¶Srf;jynfe,fwdk@ESifh e,fedrdwfcsif;xdpyfv#uf¶Sdonf? ucsifjynfe,fwGif rJqENe,f(19)e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(12)cktm;udk,fpm;jyK,SOf+ydKifol v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(91)OD;/ woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(2)OD;/ pkpkaygif;(93)OD;0if a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh=u&m trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(14)ae&m/ ucsifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&ufrS (3)ae&mESifh wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDrS(2)ae&m toD;oD;a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf? 1? umrdkif;jrdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;wifjrif/h trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifjrifhonf umrkdif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(2550)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(48²96)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cJh&onf? usdKufvwf wkdifulaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1924 ckESpf/ rwfv (23)&ufae@wGif tz OD;at;armif/ trd a':odef;&ifwkd@rS zGm;jrifonf? OD;wifjrifhonf ykZGefawmif t&Siftm'dpP0HotrsdK;om;txufwef;ausmif;wGif 'orwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1942 ckESpfrS 1945 ckESpftxd bDFtdkifat/ bD'Dat/ yDbDtufzf wyfrawmftqifhqifh wGifyg0ifcJhonf? awmfvSefa&;t+yD; yJcl;c±dkif jynfol@&JabmfwyfzJG@ ,m,Dpnf;±Hk;a&; aumfrwD 'kwd,OuUX tjzpfaqmif&GufpOf qmay:xGef;tpdk;&u yk'fr(5)ESifhzrf;qD;cJh&m AdkfvfcsKyfatmifqef; tpkd;&umvrS jyefvnfvGwfajrmufcJhonf? 1948 ckESprf S 1957 ckESpftxd ukefonf/ 1957 ckESpfrS 1959 ckESpftxd yJcl;c±kdifppfjyeftzJG@wGif wGJzuftwGif;a&;r–;/ 1970-71 ckESpfwGif umrkdif;+rdK@e,for0g,r OuUX/ 1978-89 ckESpfrsm;wGif umrdkif;ppfr_xrf;a[mif;tzJG@ OuUXtjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if (yxrqifh)&onf? 2? csDaAGjrdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;*sDabmifrfvSef;/ ucsifjynfe,ftrdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf? OD;*sDabmrfvSef;onf csDazG+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif ucsifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(496)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(37²04)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? csDazG+rdK@e,fZmwdjzpfonf? 1953 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv(25)&ufae@wGif tz OD;*sDcsef;abmrf/ trd a':verfwdk@rSarG;zGm;onf? axma*gaus;¶Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ jrpf}uD;em;+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif; trSwf(3)wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1972 ckESpfwGif (10)wef;pmar;yGJudk(c)tqifhjzifhatmifjrifcJhonf? 1974 ckESpf/ yxrt}udrf jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJwGif tpfudkjzpfol csDazG+rdK@e,fjynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,f OD;*sDabmifrf,def;. udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1975 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd/ tajccH(45)armfawmf,mOftoif; XmecGJudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? a¶G;aumufyGJ,SOf+ydKifbuf

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jzpfol OD;acgaqmif(wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD)rS uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;cJhojzifh a¶G;aumufyGJ cHktrSwf(2)wGif =um;emppfaq;r_cHcJh&onf? 3? ac:bl'JjrdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;rzef;qif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;rzef;qifonf ac:bl'J+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(1317)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(41²41)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1953 ckkESpfwGifarG;zGm;onf? ac:bl'Jòrd@e,f wmbef;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;cdtmausmf/ trd a':xk&efxef;[email protected];/ OD;rzef;qifonf erfh&S,faus;&Gm tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;wGif pwifynmoif=um; I 'kuUeftpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;(ylwmtkd)wGif ajcmufwef;txdaecJhonf? OD;ref‹zef;qiftygt0if ucsif jynfe,frSv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzpfo!fh OD;a,mpD(ylwmtdk)/ OD;ausmfarmif(rdk;!‡if;-1)/ OD;=umjr (rdk;!‡if;-2)/ OD;tifeef;*rf(rcsrf;abm)wdk‹yg0ifonhf tzGJ@0if(11)OD;wdk@onf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfA[dkrS OD;wifOD;ESifha':atmifqef;pk=unfwdk@tm;xkwfy,fjcif;udk rauseyfojzifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; jyif;xefpGm¶_Hcs+yD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf ucsifjynfe,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD OuUX OD;wifatmif OD;aqmifI 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv(23)&ufae@wGif jynfyodk@xGufcGmvmcJh&m/ ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf; t¶Hk;(autdkiftdk)e,fajrodk‹a&muf±SdcJh+yD; xdkrSwqifhrme,fyavmodk‹oGm;a&mufcJhonf? 1994 ckESpf/ atmuf wdkbmv (1)&ufae‹Y ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf;t¶Hk;(autdkiftdk)ESifh e0w wdk‹ typftcwf&yfpJa&;vkyf +yD;onfhaemuf ‚if;wdk‹(5)OD;onf ajrmufydkif; ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf;t¶Hk;(autdkiftdk)e,fajrrSwqifh 1994 ckESpf/ ZGefv (5) &ufaeŒwGif e0wxH jyefoGm;cJhonf? 4? aqmhavmfjrdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;rkwfajrmfqef;acgif/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nDnGwfa&;ygwD? OD;rkwfajrmfqef;acgifonf aqmhavmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDtm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(158)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(41²36)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? 1947 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv(4)&ufae@wGif tz OD;acgifqef;/ trd a':acgiaf ,mfwdk@rSzGm;jrifonf? aqmhavmf+rdK@e,f/ awmhvefaus;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? awmhvefaus;¶Gm tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ jrpf}uD;em;+rdK@/ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1970-73 ckESpfwGif jrpf}uD;em;aumvdyfrS yxrESpf(0dZ…mwef;)atmifjrifcJhonf? 1971-73 ckESpfwGif pma&;0efxrf; bdef;jzwfaq;¶Hk/ taxGaxGOD;pD;Xme (jrpf}uD;em;)/ 1975 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd aqmhavmf+rdK@e,fygwD,lepfaumfrwD0if/ twGif;a&;rª;/ 1974 ckESpfESifh 1978 ckESpf/ yxrESifh'kwd,t}udrf a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufyGJrsm;wGif aumfr¶SiftzGJ@cGJtzGJ@0ifESifh twGif; a&;rª;tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf. *k%fxl;aqmifvufrSwfESifh &JwyfzGJ@rª;.emrnfaumif; vufrSwf&cJhonf? 5? qGrfy&mbGrfjrdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;aZmftdef/ ucsifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf?

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OD;aZmftdefonf qGrfy&mbGrf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif ucsifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m/ cdkifvHkrJ(589)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(73²08)&mcdkifE_ef;jzifh a¶G;cs,f wifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1938 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (13)&ufae@wGif tz OD;qifcg;aemif/ trd a':pyf¶G,f*sm; wdk@rSzGm;jrifonf? qGrfy&mbGrf+rdK@e,f/ usem;,efaus;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? u}uD;[ltpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ Aef;armf pdefvHkubm;tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ qGrfy&mbGrftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif (10)wef; txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1963 ckESpfrS 1965 ckESpftxd ac:bl'J yyu(2)wGif +rdK@e,fwm0efcH/ 1965 ckESpfrS 1970 ckESpftxd rcsrf;abm+rdK@e,fukefoG,fa&;wGif refae*sm/ xdkrS 1971 ckESpfrSpI 0dkif;armfESifhjrpf}uD;em; ukefoG,fa&;wdk@wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD;/ 1976 ckESpfwGift+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1977 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpf txd jrpf}uD;em;+rdK@e,for0g,rwGif twGif;a&;rª;ESifh 'kwd,OuUXtjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1981 ckESpfESifh 1985 ckESpfrsm;wGif jrpf}uD;em;+rdK@e,fjynfol@aumifpD tzGJ@0if(tif*srf;,ef)tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv(5) &ufae@wGif qENtav#mufjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufcJhonf? 6? wEdkif;jrdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;tif0rfcef;aZmfaxmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tif0rfcef;aZmfaxmifonf wEdkif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(2771)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mE_ef;(64²16)jziffh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? [l;aumif;tif0rfcef;Zmwdjzpfonf? 1927 ckESpf/ rwfv (15)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;tif0rfcef;aZmf atmif.om;/ OD;tif0rfcef;aZmfaxmifonf jrpf}uD;em;+rdK@wGif (4)wef;xdynmoif=um;cJhI 1946-48 ckESpf wGif erf;rm;rdk;aumif; jynfol&JabmfwyfzJG@wGif Akdvfatmifcdk/ AdkvfxGef;&ifwdk@ESifhtwlyg0ifcJhonf? 1948 ckESpfrS 1952 ckESpftxd ucsifvli,ftoif; aygifa,miftzJG@/ wEkdif;òrd@e,f OuUX/ 1952-62 (y-,-u-y)tzGJ@ A[dk aumfrwD0if 1974 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd wEdkif;+rdK@e,faumifpd OuUX/ 1978-80 jynfe,faumifpD0if tcsdefydkif;/ 1981-85 wEkdif;+rdK@e,fygwD,lepfaumfrwD0if/ wEdkif;+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf òrd@e,f OuUX wm0ef,lcJhonf? 7? aemifrGef;jrdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;trfqifqm;&f/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nDnGwfa&;ygwD? OD;trfqifqm;&fonf aemifrGef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwiG f wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDtm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m/ cdkifvHkrJ(2231)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(77²55)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh &onf? 1925 ckESpf/ ZGefv (3) &ufae@wGifarG;zGm;onf? tz OD;rkefa[mifxdemh. om;jzpfonf? aemifrGef; Zmwdjzpfonf? aemifrGef;atbDtrftpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ jrpf}uD;em;+rdK@ refcdeftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif; trSwf(1)wdk@wGif (10)wef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1956-57 ckESpfwGif jynfe,fynm0ef¶Hk;wGif pma&; 0efxrf;/ 1957-58 ckESpfwGif ylwmtdk+rdK@ c&pf,mef tvu vufaxmufausmif;tkyf/ 1965 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd ygwD,lepfa&;&mrª;(ylwmtd)k / pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;(aemifrGef;)/ A[dkaumfrwD0if/ a'oygwDaumfrwD0if/ a'oygwDaumfrwDtwGif;a&;rª; ,m,DwGJzufwm0ef/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd ac:bll'J/ aemifrGef;/ Aef;armf/ jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f/ 1982 ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd tvkyform;tpnf;t¶Hk; A[dk OD;pD;tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDwGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwD0ifjzpf onf? - 83 -

8? ylwmtdkjrdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;a,mpD/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;a,mpDonf ylwmtdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd ;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,Sof+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(8695)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;49²1)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1948 ckESpf/ {+yDv (13)&ufae@wGif tz OD;,mul/ trd a':zdkiftkdifbDwdk@rS arG;zGm;onf? ac:bl'Jòrd@e,f bD0gxefZmwdjzpfonf? OD;a,mpDonf ylwmtkdòrdd@e,f rk'Hkaus;&Gmtpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ ylwmtkd tpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;wkd@wGifynmoif=um;cJh&m 1971 wGifowWrwef;atmifonf? 1981 ckESpfrS 1983 ckESpf txdd rmrlvJhaus;&Gmor0g,rqkdifwm0efcHtjzpf aqmif&Gufonf? v,f,mtpnf;t±Hk; OuUX tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhzl;onf? OD;a,mpDtygt0if ucsifjynfe,frSv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzpfo!fh OD;rzef;qif (ac:bl'J)/ OD;ausmfarmif(rdk;!‡if;-1)/ OD;=umjr(rdk;!‡if;-2)/ OD;tifeef;*rf(rcsrf;abm)wdk‹yg0ifonhf tzGJ@0if (11) OD;wdk@onf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfA[dkrS OD;wifO;D ESifha':atmifqef;pk=unfwdk@tm;xkwfy,fjcif;udk raus eyfojzifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;jyif;xefpGm¶_Hcs+yD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf ucsifjynfe,f pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD OuUX OD;wifatmif OD;aqmifI 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv(23)&ufae@wGif jynfyodk@ xGufcGmvmcJh&m/ ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf; t¶Hk;(autdkiftdk)e,fajrodk‹a&muf±SdcJh+yD; xdkrSwqifh rme,f yavmodk‹oGm;a&mufcJhonf? 1994 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (1)&ufae‹Y ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf;t¶Hk; (autdkiftdk)ESifh e0w wdk‹ typftcwf&yfpJa&;vkyf+yD;o!fhaemuf ‚if;wdk‹(5)OD;onf ajrmufydkif; ucsifvGwf ajrmufa&;tpnf;t¶Hk;(autdkiftdk)e,fajrrSwqifh 1994 ckESpf/ ZGefv (5)&ufaeŒwGif e0wxH jyefoGm;cJh onf? 9? Aef;armfjrdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;ykaxG; (Aef;armfndKEGJ@)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ykaxG;onf Aef;armf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ#csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf ,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(19433)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(70²54)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1922 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (27)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;pk.om;/ OD;ykaxG;onf 1942 txd 1300 jynfhta&;awmfyHkwGif ausmif;om;v_yf&Sm;r_/ tm&Svli,ftpnf;t±Hk; aus;vuftpnf;±Hk;a&;r–;/ aus;&Gmpm=unfhwkdufr–;ESifh twGif; a&;r–;/ tm&Svli,fvufa&;pmapmif t,f'Dwm/ rlvwef;ausmif;q&mtjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1942 ckESpfrS pI Avpaus;vufpnf;±Hk;a&;r–;/ ausmif;q&mrsm;tpnf;t±Hk;twGif;a&;r–;/ rlvwef;jyausmif;q&m/ 1948 ckESpfwGif c±dkifausmif;q&mrsm;tpnf;t±Hk; twGif;a&;r–;/ 1949 ckESpfrS 1955 ckESpftxd tv,fwef;jyq&m/ txufwef;jyq&m/ ajrjyef@e,fynmtkyf/ 1962-75 rdbq&mtoif;/ tajccHjynfol@aumifpDtwGif;a&;r–;/ ausmif;aumifpD 'kwd,OuUX/ trSwf(4)ynma&; aiGpkaiGacs;or0g,r OuUX/ òrd@e,fjrefrmpmtzJG@ OuUX/ vli,fa&;&mnausmif; tr_aqmif/ 1962 ckESpfrS 1983 ckESpftxd txufwef;jyq&m/ 1945 ckESpfrSpI Aef;armfndKEGJ@uavmiftrnfjzifh pmaye,fokd@0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1963 ckESpfwGif vufa&G;pOfuAsmrsm;pmtkyf xkwfa0onf? 1963 ckESpfwGif trsdK;om;pmayqkudk “t±k%fOD;”uAsmpmrljzifh yxrqk&onf? 1987 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (4)&ufae@u EdkifiHawmfaumifpD. jynfol@0efxrf;wHqdyf/ +idrf0yfydjym;r_ESifhw&m;Oya'pdk;rkd;a&; wHqdyfrsm;&&SdcJhonf?

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10? jrpf}uD;em;jrdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1)? OD;jrarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrarmifonf jrpf}uD;em;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(10151)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(46²39)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? tz OD;aqmh/ trd a':uGef;wkd@rS 1920 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (16)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;onf? 1938 ckESpfwGif ysOf;rem;+rdK@atbDtrf[dkufpul;Y q,fwef;ynmoif=um;aepOf 1300 jynfhESpf ausmif;om;oydwf wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 1942 ckESpf bDtkdifatwyfrsm;ysOf;rem;+rdK@odk@0ifvmcsdef ausmif;aezuf Adkvfwm&m/ Adkvf awmufxdef(&JabmfoHk;usdyf)[email protected];±Hk;r_a=umifh bDtkdifatokd@0ifcJhonf? 1939 ckESpfwGifausmif;rSxGuf+yD; 1941 ckESpfwGif 'kd@Armtpnf;t±Hk;okd@0ifcJhonf? xkdrS bD'Datokd@ul;ajymif;csdef ocifwifxGef; (Adkvfwm&m .tpfudk)uac:,lI vli,fpnf;±Hk;r_aqmif&Guf&eftwGufxGufcJhonf? vli,fpnf;±Hk;r_ESifh EdkifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_ rsm;aqmif&Guf&if; 1945 ckESpf zufqpfawmfvSefa&;wGif wkdif;(6)Y ocifwifxGef;.OD;aqmifr_atmufwGif ysOf;rem;+rdK@Y attufzftkdzJG@pnf;&mwGifyg0ifcJh+yD; tvkyform;or*~~(rD;&xm;ESifhpmwkduf) pnf;±Hk;aIa&;r_; tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1948 ckESpfwGif ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDawmckd&modk@ygcJh+yD; 1949 ckESpfwGif Akdvf wm&mESifhtwl tvif;jyef0ifcJhonf? u&ifolykefrsm; ysOf;rem;+rdK@okd@0ifodrf;pOf Adkvfawmufxdef/ Akdvfwm&m/ OD;apmvif;(opfawm)ESifhtwl tpkd;&wyfaygif;pkzJG@um autifef'DtkdESifhAuywkd@tm;wdkufcdkufcJh&m aemufqHk; ysOf;rem;òrd@us+yD; [email protected];qD;jcif;udkcHcJh&onf? xkdrS vlxkw&m;cGifwGiftowfcH&rnfhtcsdef Y OD;apmvif;(opfawm)ESifhucsif(1)wkd@ ysOf;rem;+rdK@odk@0ifa&mufodrf;ydkufpOfvGwfajrmufcJhonf? 1949 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmvwGif ppf±Hk;csKyfokd@Adkvfwm&mESifhtwla&muf&Sd+yD; &efukefwGif yk'fr(5)jzifzh rf;qD;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1951 ckESpfwGifvGwfajrmuf+yD; EdkifiHa&;pdwfukefum vl0ifr_}uD;=uyfa&;Xmeodk@0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1953 ckESpfrSpI vufaxmuftifpyufawmf/ tifpyufawmf/ òrd@e,fr–;wm0efwkd@xrf;aqmifcJhI 1980 jynfhESpfwGif wm0efrS t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ ZGefv (16)&ufae@wGifuG,fvGefa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G; aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1990 jynfhESpf/ Zlvdkifv (3)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(897)jzifh xkwf jyefa=unmcJhonf? 11? jrpf=uD;em;jrdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2)? OD;OD;Aspfwl;/ ucsifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf? OD;OD;Aspfwl;onf jrpf}uD;em;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif ucsifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef *&uftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(6898)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(35²84)jzifh a¶G;cs,f wifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1920 jynfhESpf/ ZGefv (1)&ufae@wGif tz OD;OD;AspfaemftGef/ trd a':a'gif*&mcgwdk@rS arG;zGm;onf? qGrfy&mbGrf+rdK@e,f/ vmr*g;aus;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;OD;Aspfwl;onf 1939 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmf trSwf(2)Armhaoewfudkifwyf&if;/ ar+rdK@wGif omrefwyfom;tjzpfrSpwif0ifa&mufcJh+yD;/ wyfrawmfynma&; udkqufvufqnf;yl;cJh&m tdENd,wyfrawmfynma&;yxrqifhjzifh atmifjrifcJhonf? 1942 ckESpf/ 'kwd,urBm ppf}uD;twGif; tmoHjynf/ tdENd,EdkifiHodk@ t*FvdyfppfwyfESifhtwlyg0ifqkwfcGmcJhonf? 1944 ckESpfwGif 'kwd, t}udrf 0if;*dwfppfa=umif;jzifh jrefrmjynftwGif;odk@ *syefacsr_ef;a&;wGif0ifa&mufwdkufcdkufcJhonf? 1945 ckESpf wGif wyfrawmfjyefwrf;0ift&m¶Sd/ 1946 ckESpfwGif trSwf(2)Armhaoewfudkifwyf&if;ESifh tdENd,rSjrefrmjynf odk@jyefa&mufonf? 1948 ckESpf/ ZGefv (15)&ufae@wGif Adkvftqifh/ 1948 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (27) &ufae@wGif Adkvf}uD;tqifh/ 1955 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (21)&ufae@wGif Adkvfrª;tqifhtjzpf tqifhqifh - 85 -

&mxl;wdk;jrifhcJhonf? ,if;umvrsm;twGif; wyfpkrª;/ wyfcGJrª;/ wyfa&;Adkvf}uD;/ 'kwd,wyf&if;rª;/ wyf&if;rª; wm0efrsm;jzifh oeu(2)ucsif/ oeu(5)/ wyf=uyfoifwef;ausmif;/ cv&(1)/ oeu(1)wdk@wGif tqifhqifh wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1962 ckESpfwGif rtlyifc¶dkif/ c¶dkifvHk+cHKa&;ESifhtkyfcsKyfr_aumfrwD OuUX ESifh oeu (6) wyf&if;rª;/ xdkrS 1965 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (20)&ufae@wGif wm0efrSt+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1948 ckESpfwGif t*FvefEdkifiH/ [dkufuifhwGif ynmoif=um;&efapv$wfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1965 ckESpfrSpI ukefoG,fa&;OD;pD;refae *sm/ jynfe,fukefoG,fa&;refae*smtqifhwdk@jzifhucsijf ynfe,fwGifvnf;aumif;/ ucsifjynfe,fa¶G;cs,fwif ajr‡mufyGJaumfr¶Sif OuUX/ jynfe,fvkyfief;ppf OuUX/ jrpf}uD;em;+rdK@e,f ppfr_xrf;a[mif;tzGJ@ OuUX/ 1980 jynfhESpf/ (au-tdkif-at)ESifh+idrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;yGJwGif =um;vl}uD;wOD;tjzpf yg0ifaqmif¶GufcJhonf? wyfrawmfwGifxl;c|efcJhI (pDtif*sD)qkvufrSwfESifh ol&Jaumif;rSwfwrf;0if(2)}udrfcsD;jr‡ifhjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (13)&ufae@wGif usef;rma&;tajctaea=umifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufcJh onfhjyif/ ucsifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf A[dkOuUX tjzpfrSvnf;aumif;/ tzGJ@0iftjzpfrSvnf; aumif;EkwfxGufcJhonf? 12? rdk;aumif;jrdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;xGef;=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGef;=unfonf rdk;aumif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+rdKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(14779)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(50²26)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;xGef;tkyf/ trd a':a&$wkd@rS 1942 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (25)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;onf? rdk;aumif;+rdK@Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;xGef;=unfonf rdk;aumif;+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif (7)wef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? udk,fydkifum;jzifhopfvkyfief;vkyfonf? 1962 ckESpfwGif a':EkEkESifhtdrfaxmifus+yD; om;orD;ajcmufa,muf xGef;um;onf? 1988 ckESpf/ 'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHkwGifwufºuGpGmyg0ifcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf òrd@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;r–; wm0ef,lcJhonf? 13? rdk;!‡if;jrdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1)? OD;ausmfarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmfarmifonf rkd;n‡if;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(21641)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(83²69)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? rdkn‡if;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? Tz OD;bv_dif/ trd a':vSr,fwdk@rS 1944 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (7)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;onf? &Srf;trsdK;om;/ Ak'
¶_Hcs+yD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf ucsifjynfe,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD OuUX OD;wifatmif OD;aqmifI 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv(23)&ufae@wGif jynfyodk@xGufcGmvmcJh&m/ ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf;t¶Hk;(autdkiftdk) e,fajrodk‹a&muf±SdcJh+yD; xdkrSwqifh rme,fyavmodk‹oGm;a&mufcJhonf? 1994 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (1) &ufae‹Y ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf;t¶Hk;(autdkiftdk)ESifh e0w wdk‹ typftcwf&yfpJa&;vkyf+yD;o!fhaemuf ‚if;wdk‹(5)OD;onf ajrmufydkif; ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf;t¶Hk;(autdkiftdk)e,fajrrSwqifh 1994 ckESpf/ ZGef v (5)&ufaeŒwGif e0wxH jyefoGm;cJhonf? 14? rdk;n‡if;jrdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2)? OD;=umjr/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;=umjronf rdk;!‡if;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(12374)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(73²05)jzifh a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;xifay:/ trd a':at;!Gef@[email protected];jzpfonf? [kdyifZmwdjzpfonf? 1939 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? OD;=umjr onf [dkyiftpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;Y owWrwef;xdynmoif=um;cJhonf? erRwD;o=um;puf }uH0,f,la&; XmewGif(8)ESpfvkyfudkifcJhonf? xkdrSE_wfxGufI [dkyifwGiftajccsaexkdif+yD; awmifolvkyfief;jzifhtoufarG; onf? rkd;!‡if;òrd@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;tzGJ@0iftjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? OD;=umjrtygt0if ucsifjynfe,frS v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,rf sm;jzpfo!fh OD;a,mpD(ylwmtdk)/ OD;ausmfarmif(rdk;!‡if;-1)/ OD;rzeff; qif(ac:bl'J)/ OD;tifeef;*rf(rcsrf;abm)wdk‹yg0ifonhf tzGJ@0if(11)OD;wdk@onf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dkrS OD;wifOD;ESifha':atmifqef;pk=unfwdk@tm; xkwfy,fjcif;udkrauseyfojzifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tm; jyif;xefpGm¶_Hcs+yD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf ucsifjynfe,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD OuUX OD;wifatmif OD;aqmifI 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (23)&ufae@wGifjynfyodk@xGufcGmvmcJh&m/ ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf; t¶Hk;(autdkiftdk)e,fajrodk‹a&muf±SdcJh+yD; xdkrSwqifh rme,fyavmodk‹oGm;a&mufcJhonf? 1994 ckESpf/ atmuf wdkbmv (1)&ufae‹Y ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf;t¶Hk;(autdkiftdk)ESifh e0w wdk‹ typftcwf&yfpJa&;vkyf +yD;o!fhaemuf ‚if;wdk‹(5)OD;onf ajrmufydkif; ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf;t¶Hk;(autdkiftdk)e,fajrrSwqifh 1994 ckESpf/ ZGefv (5)&ufaeŒwGif e0wxH jyefoGm;cJhonf? 15? rdk;armufjrdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;aomif;aiG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;aomif;aiGonf rdk;armuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(2954)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(45²44)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;cifarmif.om;/ rdk;armuf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1949 ckESpf/ ZGefv (9)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;aomif;aiGonf 1971 ckESpfwGif tajccHynmtxufwef;pmar;yGJatmifI &efukef0dZ…mESifhodyH`wuUokdvfodk@ wufa&mufynm oif=um;cJhonf? 1975 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…m(Oya')bJG@udkvnf;aumif;/ 1977 ckESpfwGif Oya'bJG@udkvnf;aumif; &¶SdcJhonf? 1978 ckESpfwGif Oya'0efxrf; tqifh(4)/ 1985 ckESpfwGif Oya'0efxrf tqifh(3)/ 1988 ckESpf/ rwfvwGif Oya'0efxrf;tjzpfrSE_wfxGufcJhonf? xdk@aemuf Oya'tusdK;aqmiftjzpftoufarG;cJhonf? òrd@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? jynfol‹v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS E_wfxGufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa±G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr±SifrS 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (4)&uf ae@ &ufpGJyga=unmcsuftrSwf(1010)jzifh xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? - 87 -

16? rHpDjrdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;a*strfaemfvm/ trsdL;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;a*strfaemfvmonf rHpD+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(2434)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(55²48)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rHpDòrd@e,f yef[kwfaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;*srfarmfvqef/ trd a':azmfa&$&G,fwkd@rS 1929 ckESpf/ 'DZif bmv (21)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;onf? OD;a*strfaemfvmonf pdefvHktpdk;&ausmif;/ Aef;armfòrd@e,f a&mbwf tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ q&m}uD;OD;rmrGef tvGwfynmoifausmif;wdk@wGif q,fwef;txdynmoif=um; cJhonf? ucsifausmif;om;or*~udk pwifzJG@pnf;+yD;aemuf yxrOD;qHk; OuUX wm0efudkxrf;aqmifonf? 1951 ckESpf/ yxrygvDrefa&G;aumufyGJY au'AvsLpDtzJG@. pnf±Hk;a&;r–;/ 1952 ckESpfwGif iSufzsm;tifpyufawmf oifwef;qif;onf? 1953 ckESpfwGif iSufzsm;tifpyufawmf(jrpf}uD;em;)/ 1960 jynfhESpfwGif iSufzsm;r–;/ 1963 ckESpfwGif Aef;armfòrd@/ ppfAsL[m(2)wGif ucsiftrsdK;om;pnf;±Hk;a&;r–;/ 1967 ckESpfwGif ygwDau'goifwef; trSwfpOf(15)qif;onf? 1986 ckESpfwGif wm0efrt S +idrf;pm;,lonf? e0w umvwGif tm%mzDqefr_jzifh axmif'%f(1)v/ '%faiG(200 usyf)tjypfay;cH&onf? Aef;armfòrd@e,f/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif 'kwd,OuUXESifh av;òrd@e,fpnf;r–;wm0efwkd@udk,lcJhonf? 17? rcsrf;abmjrdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;tifeef;*rf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tifeef;*rfonf rcsrf;abm+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckfdkifvHkrJ(1532)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(37²53jzifhf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? ylwmtkd+rdK@e,f &Sref*gaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;tiferf;wrf/ trd a':cifvSwkd@rS 4-3-1942 ckESpf/ rwfv (4)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;onf? OD;tiferf;*rfonf jrpf}uDem;+rdK@/ trSwf(1)ESifhtrSwf(2)tpdk;&txufwef; ausmif;wkd@wGif e0rwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? rcsrf;abmòrd@e,f tifblawmhaus;&Gm tpdk;&tv,f wef;ausmif;wGif ausmif;q&mtjzpfaqmif&GufcJhzl;onf? 1974-77 ckESpfwGif òrd@e,for0g,r twGif;a&;r–; tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? xdk@aemuf awmifolvkyfief;jzifhtoufarG;cJhonf? OD;tifeef;*rf tygt0if ucsifjynfe,frSv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,rf sm;jzpfo!fhOD;a,mpD(ylwmtdk)/ OD;ausmfarmif(rdk;!‡if;-1)/ OD;=umjr (rdk;!‡if;-2)/ OD;rzef;qif(ac:bl'J)wdk‹yg0ifonhf tzGJ@0if(11)OD;wdk@onf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfA[dkrS OD;wifOD;ESifha':atmifqef;pk=unfwdk@tm; xkwfy,fjcif;udkrauseyfojzifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; jyif;xefpGm¶_Hcs+yD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf ucsifjynfe,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD OuUX OD;wifatmif OD;aqmifI 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (23)&ufae@wGifjynfyodk@xGufcGmvmcJh&m/ ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf; t¶Hk;(autdkiftdk)e,fajrodk‹a&muf±SdcJh+yD; xdkrSwqifh rme,fyavmodk‹oGm;a&mufcJhonf? 1994 ckESpf/ atmuf wdkbmv (1)&ufae‹Y ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf;t¶Hk;(autdkiftdk)ESifh e0w wdk‹ typftcwf&yfpJa&;vkyf +yD;o!fhaemuf ‚if;wdk‹(5)OD;onf ajrmufydkif; ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf;t¶Hk;(autdkiftdk)e,fajrrSwqifh 1994 ckESpf/ ZGefv (5)&ufaeŒwGif e0wxH jyefoGm;cJhonf? 18? a&$uljrdK@e,frJqENe,f?

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a':pdefwif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a':pdefwifonf a&$ul+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf ,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(11038)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(71²29)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;bkd;atmif.orD;jzpfonf? a&$ul+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1923 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (8)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? a':pdefwifonf a&$ul+rdK@tmpDtrfausmif;rS(9)wef;/ armfvòrdif+rdK@armfwifvdfef;ausmif;rS 'orwef;/ toD;oD; atmifjrifcJh+yD; [dkuf&m;*&dwf txufwef;q&mpmar;yGJudk 1941 ckESpfwGifatmifjrifcJhonf? 1300 jynfh ta&;awmfyHkwGif ausmif;om;v_yf&Sm;r_Yvnf;aumif;/ *syefacwfwGif a&$ulòrd@ tm&Svli,ftpnf;t±Hk;wGif vnf;aumif;/ a&$ulòrd@ Avrp twGif;a&;r–;tjzpfvnf;aumif;aqmif&GufcJhonf? 1949 ckESpfrS 1952 ckESpf txd rlvwef;jyq&m/ 1952 ckESpfrS 1958 ckESpftxd tv,fwef;jyq&m/ 1958 ckESpfrS 1984 ckESpftxd txufwef;jyq&mtjzpf toD;oD;aqmif&GufcJh+yD; 1984 ckESpfwGif wm0efrSt+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1997 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (23)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS a=unmcJhonf? 19? 0dkif;armfjrdK@e,frJqENe,f? 'l0g trf aZmfatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 'l0g trf aZmfatmif (c) Duwa M Naw Khan onf 0dkif;armf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(8229)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (37²83)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1932 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (20)&ufae@ wGif tz 'l0g trf *Grf *sm (Du Wa Maran Gumja) trd a':t,fxka&mf (L Htu Raw) wdk@rSarG;zGm;onf? ¶Srf;jynfe,fajrmuf ydkif;/ erRwl+rdK@(abmfwGif;) Zmwdjzpfonf? 1948 ckESpfrS 1951ckESpftxd jrpf}uD;em;+rdK@ K.B.S wGifvnf;aumif;/ 1951 ckESpfrS 1953 ckESpftxd jrpf}uD;em;+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif vnf;aumif;/ 1953 ckESpfESifh 1954 ckESpfrsm;wGif Aef;armf+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGifvnf;aumif;/ 1954 ckESpfrS 1956 ckESpftxd Aef;armf+rdK@ ROBERTS High School wGifvnf;aumif; ynm oif=um;cJhonf? 1957 ckESpfwGif Aef;armf+rdK@ pdefvHkpmppfXmerS wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1954 ckESpfrS 1956 ckESpftxd ucsifjynfe,fvHk;qkdif &m ausmif;om;rsm;or*~/ OuUX tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1957 ckESpfrS 1960 jynfhESpftxd ucsifjynfe,f. ucsif,Ofaus;r_jrifhwifa&;tzGJ@(Kachin Uplift Culture)wGif Aef;armfc&dkifvHk;qdkif&m OuUX tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf? 1960 jynfhESpf/ {+yDvwGif jrpf}uD;em; c&dkif OuUX OD;eefZdef;v/ 'k-OuUX OD;r&efb&efqdkif; wdk@ESifh aemufqHk;ucsif,Ofaus;r_nDvmcH tpnf;ta0;udkusif;ycJhonf? 1958 ckESpfrS 1964 ckESpftxd vl0ifr_}uD; =uyfa&;XmewGif wm0efxrf;&GufcJhonf? 1964 ckESpfrS 1968 ckESpftxd KIA v_yf&Sm;r_ESifh rEWav;òrd@ eef;wGif;ppftusOf;axmifwGif (4)ESpf axmif'%fuscHcJh&onf? 1982 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd ucsifjynfe,f/ ucsifESpfcsif;c&pf,meftzGJ@csKyf. 'kwd,OuUXtjzpf c&pf,mefomoemvkyfief;rsm;aqmif&Guf cJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ ZGefv (23)&ufae@wGifpwifusif;yonfh trsdK;om;nDvmcHy%mrtpnf;ta0;wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS ucsifjynfe,fudk,fpm;vS,ftaejzifhwufa&mufcJhonf? 1999 ckESpf/ =o*kwf v (3)&ufae@wGif &efukefòrd@Y ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;ESifh&JwyfzGJ@0ifrsm;.zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; axmif'%f (7)ESpfcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 2001 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (13)&ufae@wGif tif;pdefaxmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 2003 ckESpf/ ZGefv (1)&ufae@wGif w¶kwfjrefrme,fpyfodk@wdrf;a¶SmifvmcJh+yD; xdkrSwqifh xdkif;jrefrme,fpyf vGwfajrmuf e,fajrwae&modk@ 2003 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (15)&ufae@wGifa&muf¶SdcJhonf?

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(2) u,m;jynfe,f? ta¶S@bufwGif xdkif;EdkifiH/ ajrmufbufwGif ¶Srf;jynfe,f/ taemufbufESifh awmifbufwGif u&if jynfe,fwdk@ESifh e,fedrdwfcsif;xdpyfv#uf¶Sdonf? u,m;jynfe,fwGif rJqENe,f(8)e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(10)cktm;udk,fpm;jyK,SOf+ydKifol v$wf awmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(32)OD;/ woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(1)OD;/ pkpkaygif;(33)OD; 0ifa&muf ,SOf+ydKifcJh=u&m trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(4)OD;/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDESifh u,m;jynfe,f vlrsdK;aygif;pHk'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwdk@rS(2)OD;pD toD;oD;a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf? 1? 'Darmqdk;jrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;cifarmifcsdK/ u,m;jynfe,fvlrsdK;aygif;pHk'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifarmifcsdKonf 'Darmqdk;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif u,m;jynfe,fvlrsdK;aygif;pHk'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKif&m cdkifvHkrJ(2290)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(48²09)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwif ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1939 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (3)&ufae@wGif tz OD;aqmif;/ trd a':eef;jrwfwdk@rS arG;zGm; onf? eef;r,fcHk¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;cifarmifcsdKonf 1963 ckESpfwGif tif;pdefpmppfXmerS wef;jrifhausmif; xGufvufrSwf&pmar;yGJudk atmifjrifcJhonf? 1964 ckESpfrS 1967 ckESpftxd ukefoG,fa&;0efxrf;/ xdk@aemuf tvkyfrSxGufI v,f,mvkyfief;ESifh a&mif;0,fa&;vkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpfwGif qefpufvkyfief; vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1965 ckESpfwGif tdrfaxmifusI om;av;a,mufxGef;um;onf? u,m;jynfe,fvlrsdK;aygif; pHk'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0if/ jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf wGif twGif;a&;rª;tzGJ@0iftjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? 2? 'DarmqdkjrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;Apfwmav;/ u,m;jynfe,fvlrsdK;aygif;pHk'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;Apfwmav;onf 'DarmqdkjrdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif u,m;jynfe,fvlrsdK;aygif;pHk'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(4614)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(65²50)jzifh a¶G;cs,f wifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1949 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (19)&ufae@wGif tz OD;atjrav;/ trd a':avwD;¶Sm;wdk@rS arG;zGm;onf? OD;Apfwmav;onf rlvwef;rS (9)wef;txd vGdKifaumf+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2) wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD; 1969§70 ynmoifESpfwGif vomtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)rS wuUodkvf 0ifwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1973 ckESpfwGif ysOf;rem;pdkufysdK;a&;ody`Hoifwef;/ 1975 ckESpfwGif awmif}uD;q&m twwfoif oifwef;wdk@odk@wufa&mufatmifjrifcJhonf? 3? z¶lqdkjrdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;apmOD;&,f/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

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OD;apmOD;&,fonf z±lqkd+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ#csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(1070)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(39²06)jzihf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1928 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (30)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? tz OD;bkd;&,f.om;jzpfonf? OD;apm&,fOD;onf owWrwef;txdynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ *syefacwfwGif r[mrdwfavxD;wyf trSwf(136) yifhulwHqdyfwGif tr_ xrf;cJhI *srm'gtqifhjzifh *syefvufeufcsonftxdwkdufckdufawmfvSefcJhonf? ygvDref'Drdkua&pDacwf 1960 jynfhESpfwGif u,m;jynfe,fta&S@ydkif;jynfol@v$wfawmftrwftjzpf 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd z±lqdkòrd@e,fjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fjzpfcJhonf? u,m;jynfe,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyfwGif jynfe,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;tzGJ@0iftjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dkOD;pD;ESifh u,m;jynfe,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;tzGJ@ OuUX OD;apmOD;&,ftm; tm%mydkifrsm;rS u&ifeDtrsdK;om;wdk;wufa&;ygwD tm; aiGa=u;axmufyHhcJhr_/ “jynfwGif;ppfjzpfyGm;&jcif;ta=umif;w&m;ESifh u,m;jynfe,f.t=uyftwnf; rsm;”[lonfhpmtkyfa&;om;xkwfa0r_rsm;jzifh w&m;pGJqdkcJh+yD;/ 1996 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (29)&ufae@wGif yk'fr 17 (1)jzifh axmif'%f(3)ESpf/ 1996 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (18)&ufae@wGif yHkESdyfOya' yk'fr 2 (u) jzifhaxmif '%f(7)ESpftoD;oD;csrSwfcJhonf? 2002 ckESpf/ ZGefv (21)&ufae@wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 4? zmaqmif;jrdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;apmwm¶l;wl;/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? OD;apmwm¶l;wl;onf zmaqmif;jrdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDtm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(1621)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(51²94)jzifh a¶G;aumufwifajr‡muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1939 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (24)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? tz OD;apmwifa&;.om;jzpfonf? OD;apmwm¶l;wl;onf 1968 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`H("mwkaA')bGJ@&cJhonf? 1970 jynfh ESpfwGif armfcsD;owWKwGif;pDrHudef;wGif 0efxrf;tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? A[dkEdkifiHa&;wuUodkvf tajccH EkdifiHa&;oifwef;trSwfpOf(23)odk@ wufa&mufcJhonf? 1972 ckESpfwGif zmaqmif;+rdK@e,f evu twGif;a&;rª;/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd zmaqmif;+rdK@e,faumifpD OuUX/ 1985 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd zmaqmif;+rdK@ e,fygwD,lepf OuUX/ ygwDnDvmcHudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 5? abmvcJjrdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;atmifodef;/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? OD;atmifodef;onf abmvcJjrdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDtm;udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(697)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(48²88)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1940 jynfhESpfwGifarG;zGm;onf? tz OD;pHqifh.om;jzpfonf? vdGKifaumf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;atmifodef;onf avmu"rRbkef;awmf}uD;ausmif;/ vdGKifaumftpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;ESifhtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif ynm oif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1960§61 ynmoifESpfwGif wef;jrifhausmif;xGufvufrSwf&pmar;yGJ atmifjrifonf? 1961 ck ESpfrS 1971 ckESpftxd c¶dkif0ef¶Hk;wGif pma&;0efxrf;/ 1971 ckESpfrS 1988 ckEpS ftxd ygwD,lepfaumfrwD0if/ twGif;a&;rª;/ OuUX(+rdK@e,fjynfol@ppf OuUX yl;wGJwm0ef)/ ygwDA[dkaumfrwD0if/ a'oygwDaumfrwD0if/ a'o ygwDtwGif;a&;rª; ponfjzifhwm0eftoD;oD;xrf;aqmifchJonf? 1981 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd zmaqmif;+rdK@ e,fv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f jzpfcJhonf?

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6? &Sm;awmjrdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;atmifwif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifwifonf &Sm;awm+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(417)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(56²73)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;batmif.om;jzpfonf? 1935 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (30)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;atmifwifonf e0rwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1954 ckESpfrS 1956 ckESpftxd òrd@jyv#yfppfXme/ pma&;0efxrf;/ 1964 ckESpfESif 1965 ckESpfrsm;wGif u,m;jynfe,f q-p-w-u twGif;a&;r–;/ 1965 ckESpfrS 1967 ckESpftxd ukefoG,fa&;(1)wGif vufaxmuf'kdifr–;/ 1967 ckESpfrSpI ukefonfvkyfief;jzifhtoufarG;onf? 7? vGdKifaumfjrdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1)? OD;bdk;oif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;bdk;oif;onf vGdKifaumf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(6184)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(53²1)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;baomif;.om;jzpfonf? 1936 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (26)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;bdk;oif;onf 1953-54 ckESpfwGif u,m;jynfe,fausmif;om;or*~ taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r–;/ ausmif;om;oydwfacgif; aqmif/ 1957 ckESpfwGif axmufyHha&; pma&;0efxrf;/ 1963 ckESpfwGif y-y-u wm0efcH(zmaqmif;/ r,fpJherf) 1968 ckESpfwGif vdGKifaumf+rdK@e,fukefoG,fa&; 0efxrf;/ 1973-74 ckESpfwGif evu/ vlr_a&; OuUX/ 1985 ckESpfwGif jynfe,faumifpD0ifESifh jynfe,fw&m;a&;tzGJ@(tcsdefydkif;)/ òrd@e,for0g,rtoif; 'kwd,OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 8? vdGKifaumfjrdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)? OD;wuf'Dbl;&D/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wuf'Dbl;&Donf vdGKifaumf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,Sof+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(6182)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(57²84)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? 1944 ckESpf/ 'Dzifbmv (19)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? Tz OD;armifarmifausmf.om;jzpfonf? OD;wuf'Dbl;&Donf 1963 ckESpfwGifq,fwef;atmifI 1967 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfrS t*Fvdyfpmt"du jzifh 0dZ…mbJG@&cJhonf? 1968-69 ckESpf/ txufwef;jy txu(2)vGdKifaumf/ 1973-75 ckESpf/ avmyDwa& tm;v#yfppfwGif ±Hk;0efxrf;/ 1975 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd jynfe,faumifpDtvkyftr_aqmiftzJG@0if/ 198788 ckESpf/ u,m;jynfe,f or0g,rtoif;pk twGif;a&;r–;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1994 ckESpfwGif jynfwGif;rSxGufcGmcJh+yD;aemuf 1995 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (27)&ufae‹wGif jyefvnfzGJ‹pnf;onfh jynfaxmifpkjrefrm EdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tpnf;ta0;wGif 0ef}uD;csKyf±Hk;0ef}uD;tjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cH&onf? (3) u&ifjynfe,f?

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ajrmufbufwGif rEWav;wdkif;ESifh ¶Srf;jynfe,f/ ta¶S@bufwGif taemufbufwGif rGefjynfe,fESifh yJcl;wdkif;wdk@ wnf¶Sdonf?

u,m;jynfe,fESifh

xdkif;EdkifiH/

u&ifjynfe,fwGif rJqENe,f(14)e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(14)cktm;udk,fpm;jyK,SOf+ydKifol v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(51)OD;wdk@0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh=u&m trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(10)ae&m/ rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@/ rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@/ u,ef;trsdK;om;rsm;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua& pDtzGJ@ESifh u&ifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyfwdk@rS(1)ae&mpD toD;oD;a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf? 1? aumhu&dwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;ref;+rdKifat;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ref;òrdifat;onf aumhu&dwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(13379)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(70²53)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1937 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (7)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;onf? OD;=umyGifh.om;jzpfonf? OD;ref;òrdifat; onf rlvwef;ESifhtv,fweff;ynmudk aumhu&dwf+rdK@wGifvnf;aumif;/ txufwef;ynmudk &efukefA[dk tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGifvnf;aumif;/ Oypmwef;udk armfvòrdifaumvdyfwGifvnf;aumif; oif=um;cJh onf? toufarG;0rf;ausmif; arG;jrLa&;Esifhukoa&;ynm&yfukd tif;pdefarG;jrLa&;ESifhukoa&;aumvdyfwGif vnf;aumif;/ a&m*gaA'ynm&yfudk *syefEdkifiHwGifvnf;aumif; oif,lcJhonf? arG;jrLa&;ESifhukoa&;0efxrf; tjzpfvkyfouf(30)ausmfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD; 1988 ckESpfwGif &efukefwdkif; 'kwd,wkdif;OD;pD;rª;wm0efrS t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? e0w ppftpdk;&u 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr(5)(n)jzifh jypf'%fcH&I 1991 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (25) &ufae@wGif v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1962 ckESpf/ rwf v (2)&ufae@wGif AdkvfcsKyfae0if;tm%mrodrf;rDu u&ifjynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJ‹wGif ynma&;ESifhusef;rma&; 0ef}uD;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD;/ tm%modrf;+yD; 1963 ckESpfrSpI ppftpdk;&uaxmifxJY(4)ESpf/ (5)v =umr#zrf;qD;xm;cJhonf? ta&;tcif;+yD;aemuf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif A[dkOD;pD;tzGJ‹0iftjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ ZlvdkifvwGif e0wuzrf;qD;cJh+yD; 1992 ckESpf/ arv (27)&ufae‹wGif armfv+rdKif tusOf;axmifrS jyefv$wfay;cJhonf? 2/ aumhu&dwfjrdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2)? Edkifaomif;&Sdef/ rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@? Edkifaomif;¶Sdefonf aumhu&dwfjrdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(10444)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(48²8)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cH cJh&onf? 1947 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (9)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? tz OD;Edkifausmf.om;jzpfonf? o&ufawmaus;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? Edkifaomif;¶Sdefonf rlvwef;ynmudk o&ufawmaus;¶Gmrlvwef;ausmif; wGifoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1968 ckESpfwGif aumhu&dwf+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS wef;jrifhausmif;xGufpmar;yGJ atmifjrifcJhonf? 1969 ckESpfwGif uefeDtpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;wGif rlvwef;jyausmif;q&mtjzpf wm0ef xrf;aqmifcJh+yD;/ 1974 ckESpfwGif wm0efrSEkwfxGufcJhonf? xdk@aemuf ukefonfvkyif ef;jzifh toufarG;cJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmvwGif jynfyodk@xGufcGmvmcJhonf? - 93 -

3? =umtif;qdyf}uD;jrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;vSarmif/ rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@? t+idrf;pm;'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;OD;vSarmif(=unf;-5496)onf =umtif;qdyf}uD;jrdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1)wGif rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(2054)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&m cdkifE_ef;(71²79)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1936 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (26)&ufae@wGif tz OD;bdk;wpf/ trd a':rr}uD;wdk@rS arG;zGm;onf? +rdwf+rdK@/ oef;zdk&yf Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;vSarmifonf 'kwd,wef;txd +rdwf+rdK@ oef;zdk&yfwGif ausmif;aecJhonf? 1945 ckESpfrS 1953 ckESpftxd xm;0,f+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1954 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (20)&ufae@wGif wyfrawmfodk@ wyfom;tqifh jzifhpwif0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1959 ckESpf/ ZGefvwGif jyefwrf;0ift&m¶Sd 'kwd,Adkvf ucsif(4)/ vdGKifvif/ ppfudkif; usdKif;wHkwdk@wGif aEGOD;ppfqifa&;YygI aoewf'%f&m&¶SdcJhonf? 1962 ckESpfwGif Adkvftqifh evu OuUX/ ppf udkif;/ jynfc¶dkif oJukef;/ aygif;wnfwdk@wGif 1970 jynfhESpftxd wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1971 ckESpfwGif e,f bufwm0efrS ppfbufwm0eftjzpf cv&(48) awmifilwGif wyfa&;/ wyfcGJrª; ponfjzifh atmifpdk;rdk;ppfqif a&;wGif yg0ifcJhonf? 1972 ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd tv,fydkif;wdkif;ppfXmecsKyf/ pcef;rª; r*Fvm'Hk/ awmifil atmifpdk;rdk;ppfqifa&;wdk@wGifvnf;aumif;/ 1975 ckESpfrS 1979 ckESpftxd wyfcGJrª; Adkvfrª;/ ppfa=umif;rª;/ cv& (65) rdkif;wHk/ usdKif;wHk/ rdkif;jyif;/ rdkif;pyfe,fajrwdk@wGif rdk;[def;(1)(2)(3)ppfqifa&;wdk@wGif yg0ifcJhonf? 1979 ck ESpfwGif wyf&if;rª;/ cv&(97) aumhu&dwf/ jr0wD/ bm;tH/ 1984 ckESpfwGif 'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;tqifhjzifh wyfrS t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? ZeD; a':oef;arESifh om;(4)a,muf/ orD;(3)a,muf¶Sdonf? 2003 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (27)&ufae@wGif armfv+rdKif+rdK@aetdrfY uG,fvGefonf? 4? =umtif;qdyf}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;=uifodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;=uifodef;onf =umtif;qdyf}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(2398)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(67²3)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cH cJh&onf? tz OD;ygtkd.om;jzpfonf? 1948 ckESpfwGif a&;òrd@YarG;zGm;cJhonf? oli,fwef;rSajcmufwef;txd armfvòrdif+rdK@wGifvnfaumif;/ ajcmufwef;rSq,fwef;atmifonftxd =umtif;qdyf}uD;+rdK@wGifvnf;aumif;/ 1971 ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd armfvòrdifaumvdyfwGifvnf;aumif; ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1970 ckESpfESifh 1975 ckESpfrsm;u armfvòrdifaumvdyfYjzpfyGm;cJhaom tpkd;&qef@usifa&;qENjyyGJrsm;wGif OD;aqmifyg0ifcJhonf? 1976 ckESpfrwfvrS pufwifbmv(4)&ufae@txd EdkifiHa&;jypfr_jzihf armfvòrdifaxmifwGifxdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh& onf? 0dZ…mbJG@udk(yx0Dt"du)jzihf&cJhonf? 1976 ckESpfwGif a':cifoef;jrifhESifhvufxyfonf? 1977 ckESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd òrd@e,for0g,rtoif; (y)pma&;/ 1982 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd jyef§oH vufaxmuf pm=unfhwkdufr–;/ 1985 ckESpfwGif =umtif;qdyf}uD;òrd@e,faumifpD0if/ òrd@e,fw&m;ol}uD;tzJG@0if(tcsdefydkif;)/ òrd@e,faumfr&Sif twGif;a&;r–;/ 1988 ckESpf/ ZGefv (20)&ufae@wGifzGifhvSpfcJhaom A[kdEkdifiHa&;wuUodkvf tajccHEkdifiHa&;oifwef; trSwfpOf(60)odk@ wufa&mufcJh+yD; oifwef;r+yD;qHk;rD =o*kwfv (28)&ufae@wGif =umtif;qdyf}uD;òrd@e,fokd@jyefvmcJh+yD;/ ta&;tcif;umvwGif 'Drdkua&pDwkdufyGJ0ifaeolrsm;ESifhyl;aygif;cJhonf? a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifwGif ygwDrsm;rSwfyHkwifcGifh&&Sd+yD;aemuf =umtif;qdyf}uD;òrd@wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyfqkdif;bkwfwif&mwGifODaqmifcJhI tvkyfrStem;ay;jcif;cH&onf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf u&if - 94 -

jynfe,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;ESifh òrd@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX wm0efwdk@,lcJhonf? 1996 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (9)&ufae@wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD;/ 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (n)jzifh axmif '%f(7)ESpfcsrSwfcJhonf? 2001 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (10)&ufae@wGif armfv+rdKifaxmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 5? zmyGefjrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;atmifoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifoef;onf zmyGef+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(2574)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(62²34)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? zmyGefòrd@e,f/ urarmif;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;v_dif/ trd a':vSwifwkd@rS 1939 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (21)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;atmifoef;onf urarmif;/ w±kwfvSESifh bm;tH+rdK@wkd@wGifausmif;aecJh+yD; udk;wef;atmifcJhonf? 1961 ckESpfwGif urarmif;tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;Y rlvwef;jy/ 1981 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf u&ifjynfe,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;tzGJ@0if wm0ef,lcJhonf? 6? zmyGefjrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;bat;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;bat;onf zmyGef+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(516)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(62²55)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1946 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;}uD;&if.om;jzpfonf? OD;bat;onf 'kwd,ESpf0dZ…mwef;atmifjrifcJhI 1965 ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd rlvwef;jyq&m/ 1977 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd zmyGef+rdK@e,f ygwD,lepf aumfrwD0if jzpfcJhonf? 7? bm;tHjrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;apmcspfoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;apmcspfoef;onf bm;tH+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,Sof+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(18272)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(71²69)jzihfh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? oxHk+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGef;vif;/ trd a':vSa&$wdk@rS 1926 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (17)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;apmcspfoef;onf oxHk+rdK@ t*Fvdyf-jrefrm tpkd;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif tXrwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1942 ckESpfwGif jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtdkifat)Y *syefjyef &JabmfoHk;usdyf0if Adkvfr–;Om%.wyf&if;wGif wyfom;tjzpf0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1944-45 ckESpfwGif oxHkc±dkif u&ifajymufusm; tzJG@ zJG@pnf;I jrefrmhwyfrawmfwkdif;(4)ESifhwGJzufI zufqpf*syefrsm;udkawmfvSecf Jhonf? 1945 ckESpfwGif ref;bcdkif(tmZmenfacgif;aqmif}uD;/ usqHk;) OuUX tjzpfaqmif&Gufaom u&ifvli,ftpnf;t±Hk;wGif oxHk c±kdif twGif;a&;r–;/ xkdESpfwGifyif oxHkc±dkif z-q-y-v tzJG@wGif tvkyftr_aqmiftzJJG@0ifjzpfvmcJhonf? yifvHknDvmcHusif;yaomtcg oHvGifc±kdifrS u&iftrsKd;om;udk,fpm;vS,f zmyGefe,frSOD;apmcspfwD;xHodk@ apmzdk;ZH/ a'gufwmapmvSxGef;wkd@ESifhtwloGm;a&mufI rdrdwkd@e,fajr&Sdvlxkonf jynfrESifhyl;aygif;vkdonfh qEN&Sda=umif;udk today;wifjyaqG;aEG;cJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;&+yD;aemuf 1948 ckESpf/ atmufwkdbmvwGif - 95 -

apmzdk;ZH(AdkvfndKcif)/ a'gufwmapmvSxGef;/ apmvlvlwdk@ESifhtwl vJAD;(pf)wyfzJG@I oxHkc±dkifESifhusdKuQrDc±dkifwkd@ wGif jynfaxmifpkròyduGJa&;twGuf umuG,fwkdufckdufcJhonf? 1949 ckESpfOD;ydkif;wGif u&iftrsKd;om;taysmf wrf;wyfudkxyfrHzJG@pnf;I jynfaxmifpkudkumuG,fcJhonf? xkdpOfu a'gufwmapmvSxGef;ESifhapmvlvlwdk@u EkdifiHa&;wm0ef/ apmbmomu pnf;±Hk;a&;wm0ef/ apmcspfoef;u wdkufcdkufa&;wm0efwdk@udk toD;oD;,lcJh onf? 1952 ckESpf/ yxrt}udrfygvDrefa&G;aumufyGJwGif oxHkc±dkifajrmufydkif; jynfol@v$wfawmftrwf/ 1955 ckESpfrS 1960 jynfhESpftxd u&ifjynfe,ftpkd;&0ef}uD;tzJG@wGif ygvDreftwGif;0ef/ 1960 jynfhESpf a&G;aumufyGJ+yD;aemuf 1962 ckESpf/ rwfv (2)&ufae@ awmfvSefa&;aumifpDrwufrDumvtxd u&if jynfe,ftpkd;&0ef}uD;tzJG@wGif ynma&;ESifhusef;rma&;0ef}uD;/ 1962 ckESpf/ awmfvSefa&;aumifpDvufxuf wGif u&ifjynfe,fOD;pD;tzJG@Y v,f,mpdkufysdK;a&;ESifhopfawma&;wm0efcHtjzpf 1963 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbm v (3)&ufae@txdaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1963 ckESpf/ atmufwkdbmv (4)&ufae@rSpI (4)ESpf/ (5)v=umr# awmfvSefa&;aumifpDtpkd;&.xdef;odrf;jcif;cH&onf? 1980 jynfhESpfwGif EdkifiHh*k%f&nfbJG@('kwd,qifh)csD;jr‡ifh jcif;cHcJh&onf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[kdOD;pD;/ u&ifjynfe,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;wm0efcH/ rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif; rsm;tzJG@ jynfe,fpnf; wJGzufwm0efcHtjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf? e0w ppftpdk;&u ‚if;tm; 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr(5)/ yk'frcGJ(u)(c)ESifh(n)wdk@jzifh ta&;,lcJh+yD; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG a±G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr±SifrS 1992 ckESpf/ {+yDv (9)&ufae@&ufpGJyga=unmcsuftrSwf(1016)jzifh jynfol‹v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,fzsufcJhonf? aemif(10)ESpftwGif;jyKvkyfr!hfa±G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf? e0w u ‚if;tm; 1992 ckESpf/ {+yDv (26)&ufae‹wGif tif;pdef tusOf;axmifrS jyefv$wfay;cJhonf? 8? bm;tHjrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;xGef;cspf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGef;cspfonf bm;tH+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(17574)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(59²24)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;axG;/ trd a':uGefrmwkd@rS 1948 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (10)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? xHk;tkdifaus;&Gm Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;xGef;cspfonf 1968 ckESpfwGif tajccHynmtxufwef;pmar;yGJatmifjrifI 1972 ckESpfwGif at*sDwDtdkif(trfyD)jzifh pufr_ody`Htif;pdefrSatmifjrifcJhonf? pufr_vkyfief;jzifhtoufarG;onf? 9? bm;tHjrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(3)? eef;cifaxG;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? eef;cifaxG;jrifhonf bm;tH+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(3)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m rJay;ydkifcGifh¶Sdol(52590)/ rJay;ol(29737)¶SdonfhteufrS cdkifvHkrJ(18423)rJ/ pkpk aygif; rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(73²74)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz u&ifjynfe,f0ef}uD;a[mif;(yxptpdk;& vufxuf u&ifjynfe,faumifpD OuUX/ awmfvSefa&;aumifpDvufxuf u&ifjynfe,fOD;pD;tzGJ@ OuUX) a'gufwmOD;apmvSxGef;/ trd a':trmwdk@rS orD; 10-5-1954 ckESpf/ arv (10)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? armfv+rdK@if+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? eef;cifaxG;jrifhonf 1975 ckESpfwGif pD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvf 'kwd,ESpfY ynm oif=um;aepOf ZGefvausmif;om;ta&;tcif;Yyg0ifv_yf&Smr_jzifh xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1978 ckESpfwGif xdef;odrf;cHcJh&mrS vGwfajrmufvm+yD; pD;yGm;a&;0dZ…mbJG@udk pmay;pm,ljzifh&,lcJhonf? 1989 ckESpftxd u&if - 96 -

jynfe,ftcGefXme wGifwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1996 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (25)&ufae@wGif &efukef+rdK@odk@ oGm;&ef ul;wdk@qdyfodk@tqif;/ ZufqdyfwGif ‚if;pD;eif;vdkyfygvmonfhum;tm; ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS Zufa& ,mOfay:odk@wufcGifhray;bJwm;qD;cJhojzifh tdrfodk@jyefvmcJh&onf? tdrfta&muf trSwf(25)axmufvSrf;a&; wyfrSvmac:+yD; wyfrª;jzpfolAdkvfrª;}uD;cifarmif=unfrS ¶dkif;jypGm}udrf;armif;ajymqdkqufqHI xdknrSpI 1996 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (9)&ufae@txd ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;trSwf(25)rS ac:,lzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh& onf? 1998 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (10)&ufae@wGif tpnf;ta0;wufa&muf&eftwGuf &efukef+rdK@odk@c&D;xGuf vmpOf rGefjynfe,f/ oxHk+rdK@rD;&xm;blwm¶HkwGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS ‚if;.ypPnf;rsm;tm; ta=umif;¶Smppf aq;cJhojzifh tcsif;rsm;cJhonfwGif jypfr_qdkif&mOya' yk'fr (353) ‘jynfol@0efxrf;rsm;wm0ef0wW&m;xrf; aqmifpOfaESmifh,Sufr_’jzifh zrf;qD;w&m;pGJqdkjcif;cHcJh&+yD; 1998 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (11)&ufae@wGif oufao ryg/ a¶S@aerygbJ tusOf;enf;ppfaq;I tvkyfESifhaxmif'%f(2)ESpfjypf'%fcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 10? jr0wDjrdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;pdefAdkvf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdefAkdvfonf jr0wD+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf ,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(4283)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(75²87)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? wef@qnf òrd@e,f/ a&OD;ukef;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bkd;oef@/ trd a':cspfr,fwkd@. om;orD;oHk;a,mufwGif ti,fqHk;jzpf+yD;/ 1947 ckESpf/ rwfv (15)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;pdefAdkvfonf a&OD;òrd@e,frlvwef; ausmif;rS 1953 ckESpfwGif pwkwˆwef;atmifjrifI 1965 ckESpfwGif uef@bvltpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS e0r wef;atmifjrifonf? 1965 ckESpfrS 1966 ckESpftxd a=u;eef;qufpma&;(,m,D)/ v,fxGefpufjyif tqifh(3)/ 1969 ckESpfwGif q,fweff;atmifI wd&p>mefarG;jrLa&;ESifhaq;ukoa&;wuUodkvfodk@0ifcGifh&onf? 1975 ckESpf wGif wdarG;ukwuUodkvf/ &efukefrS ('DAGDtufpf)bJG@&cJhonf? xkdESpfwGif a':aomif;&ifESifhvufxyfI om;orD; oHk;OD;xGef;um;onf? 1984 ckESpf/ =um;jzwfa&G;aumufyJGwGif òrd@e,fjynfol@aumifpD0iftjzpfta&G;cHcJh&+yD; oufwef;ukefqHk;onftxdaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1988 ckESpfwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tzJG@0ifjzpfvm+yD; jr0wDòrd@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwDwGif 'kkwd,OuUX tjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG a¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1999 ckESpf/ arv (20)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1457)jzifh jynfol@ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? 11? v_dif;bGJ@+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;apmxGef;az/ u&ifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf? OD;apmxGef;azonf v_dif;bGJ@+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif u&ifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(5142)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(50²46)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? tz OD;apmcGefql.om;jzpfonf? 1918 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (12)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? z¶lqdk+rdK@ e,f/ =uufzdk;}uD;aus;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;apmxGef;azonf wuUodkvf0ifwef;udk awmif}uD;+rdK@ atbDtifef [dkufpul;rSatmifjrifcJhonf? 1941 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…mbGJ@ukdvnf;aumif;/ 1959 ckESpfwGif Oya'0dZ…mbGJ@udkvnf; aumif;/ &efukefwuUodkvfrS&¶SdcJhonf? 1948 ckESpfrS 1971 ckESpftxd +rdK@ydkif/ e,fydkif/ rSwfyHkwift&m¶Sd/ xdkrS u&ifjynfe,fOD;pD;tzGJ@ twGif;0eftjzpf wm0eftoD;oD;xrf;aqmifcJh+yD;aemuf wm0efrSt+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? u&ifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyfwGif OD;pD;em,utjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? - 97 -

12? vd_if;bGJ@jrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;apmxGef;vGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;apmxGef;vGifonf v_dif;bJG@+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvrHk J(8573)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(80²32)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? OD;apmxGef;vGifonf tz OD;xDarmif/ trd a':zkef;a&$wkd@rS 1917 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (1)&ufae@wGifarG; zGm;cJhonf? v_dif;bJG@òrd@e,f/ axm&GJ&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;apmxGef;vGifonf 1941 ckESpfwGif *s'fqifaumvdyfrS 0dZ…mbJG@&cJhonf? jrefrmEdkifiH0efxrf;/ u&ifjynfe,f0efxrf;/ bm;tHc±dkif0efxrf;tjzpf 1972 ckESpftxd aqmif&GufcJhonf? 1962 ckESpfwGif 0ÀausmfxifbJG@csD;jr‡ifhjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1978 ckESpftxd u&ifjynfe,f w&m;a&;OD;pD;r–;tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? oufjynfhyifpif,l+yD;aemuf tcgtm;avsmfpGm a&S@aetjzpfvkdufyg aqmif¶Gufonf? v,f,mudkif;u|ef;rsm;udkudk,fwkdifvkyfudkifcJhonf? 13? oHawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;tm&fyDaomif;/ u,ef;trsdK;om;rsm;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@? OD;tm&fyDaomif;onf oHawmifjrdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif u,ef;trsdK;om;rsm;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwf a&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(3764)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(44²0)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;eDpDaomif;.om;jzpfonf? 1922 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (24)&uf ae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;tm&fyDaomif;onf tv,fwef;ynmudk (tmpDtrf)ausmif;/ awmifil/ txufwef; ynmudk pdef@yDwmt*Fvdyftxufwef;ausmif;/ rEWav;/ wuUodkvfynmudk &efukefwuUodkvfESifh xdkrS zdvpf ydkifEdkifiH/ reDvmwuUodkvfwGif jynfol@tkyfcsKyfa&;0dZ…mbGJ@&,lcJhonf? 'kwd,urBmppftwGif; (U.S. Army Det. 101)wyf tr_xrf;/ a&'D,dkatmfya&wmtjzpf 1945 ckESpf/ rwfvtwGif; tif;pdefc¶dkif *sdK;jzLa'o wGif avxD;jzifhqif;I bD'DatwyfESifhyl;aygif;umzufqpfawmfvSefa&;wGifyg0ifqifE$JcJhonf? 1952 ckESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd +rdK@ydkif/ e,fydkif/ &efukefwdkif;jynfol@aumifpDwGif 'k¶Hk;tzGJ@rª; ponfjzifh wm0efrsm;xrf;aqmif cJh+yD;aemuf oufjynfhyifpif,lcJhonf? 'kwd,urBmppfavsmfa=u;udpP/ ynmawmfoif/ tpdk;&a&mif;0,fa&; rpf¶Sif tzGJ@vkyfief;/ ponfwdk@twGuf *syefEdkifiH/ zdvpfydkifEdkifiH/ tDwvDEdkifiH/ taemuf*smreDEdkifiH/ 'def;rwfEdkifiH/ a[mfvefEdkifiH/ jyifopfEdkifiH/ t*FvefEdkifiH/ tar&duefEdkifiHrsm;odk@oGm;a&mufcJhonf? u,ef;trsdK;om;rsm; pnf;vHk; nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ OD;pD;em,uESifh jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf obmywd tzGJ@0if wm0efrsm;,lcJhpOf e0w. 1§90 trdef@tm; qef@usifr_jzifh oufqdkif&mrSxdef;odrf;jcif; cHcJh&onf? xdk@aemuf 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr (5)(n)jzifh jypf'%fpD&ifjcif;cHcJh&I a¶G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr (11)(n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdk ua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (27)&ufae@pGJjzifh a=unmcJh onf? 14? oHawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;apmApfwmcvdkuf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

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OD;apmApfwmcvkdufonf oHawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(3798)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(67²76)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? tz OD;apmcvdkufxGef;0if;.om;jzpfonf? oHawmif+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1948 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? OD;apmApfwmcvdkufonf tajccHynmtxufwef;udk (c)tqifhjzifhatmifjrifcJhonf? 1967-68 ckESpfwGif q&mjzpfwpfESpfoifwef;wufI 1968 ckESpfrS 1974 ckESpftxd vufaxmufrlvwef;jy/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1981 ckESpftxd rlvwef;ausmif;tkyf/ 1981-82 ckESpfwGif tv,fwef;jy/ 1985 ckESpfwGift+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1985 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd oHawmifòrd@/ +rdK@r&yfuGufjynfol@aumifpDtwGif;a&;r–;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJh onf? OD;apmApfwmcvdkufonf 1950 jynf@ESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr (5)(n)jzifh jypf'%fcH&I 1991 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (25)&ufae@wGif v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,fzsufjcif;cHcJh&onf? (4) csif;jynfe,f? ajrmufbufESifhta¶S@bufwGif ppfudkif;wdkif;/ awmifbufwGif rauG;wdkif;ESifh &cdkifjynfe,f/ taemuf bufwGif tdENd,EdkifiHESifh b*Fvm;a'h¶SfEdkifiHwdk@ wnf¶Sdonf? csif;jynfe,fwGif rJqENe,f(13)e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(8)cktm;udk,fpm;jyK,SOf+ydKifol v$wf awmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(53)OD;/ woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;(2)OD;/ pkpkaygif;(55)OD;wdk@ 0if a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh=u&m trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(4)ae&m/ csif;trsdK;om;'Drku d a&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(3)ae&m/ ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&ufESifh woD;yk*~vwdk@(2)ae&mpD/ r&mjynfol@ygwDESifhwdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD wdk@rS(1)ae&mpD toD;oD;a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf? 1? uefyufvuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;vdef;[m/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? OD;vdef;[monf uefyufvuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDtm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(2361)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(36²72)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? tz OD;[mxef;/ trd a':tGJtGrfwdk@rS 1945 ckEpS f/ rwfv (3)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;vdef;[m onf uefyufvuf+rdK@ tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ aqm+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif ynmoif=um; cJhI 1969-70 ckESpfwGif q,fwef;udk(c)tqifhjzifhatmifjrifcJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfrSpI uefyufvuf+rdK@e,f ygwD,lepfwGif vkyftm;ay;/ 1971 ckESpfrS 1974 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,fygwD,lepf¶Hk;wGif 0efxrf;/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1977 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,fvrf;pOfvli,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwDwGif twGif;a&;rª;/ 1977 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,fygwD,lepf twGif;a&;rª;/ 1985 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,fygwD,lepf OuUX/ ygwDnDvmcHudk,fpm; vS,f/ csif;jynfe,fa'oygwDaumfrwD0ifjzpfcJhonf? 2? wD;wdef+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1)? OD;iifhxef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

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OD;iifhxefonf wD;wdef+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(5716)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(43²51)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1944 zGm;/ wD;wdefZmwd/ tz OD;AsJvfykef;/ trd a':usifhvGifwkd@rS 1944 ckESpf/ rwfv (1)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJh onf? OD;iifhxefonf zl;EGrf;&Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;wGif rlvwef;ynmpoifcJh+yD;/ 1958 ckESpfwGif (4)wef; paumvm;&Spf&cJhonf? ,if;aemuf Aef;wJhtpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ wD;wdeftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ xkwfvkdiftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wd@k wGifynmoif=um;cJh&m 1975 ckESpfwGif q,fwef;pmar;yGJatmifjrif onf? 1976 ckESpfwGif wGef;ZHòrd@e,fOya'±Hk;wGif ±Hk;tkyfpma&;}uD;tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmif&if;/ pmay;pm,ljzifh Oya'ynmqufvufoif=um;cJh&m 1984 ckESpfwGif Oya'bJG@&onf? 1988 ckESpfwGif tvkyfrSE_wfxGufI wD;wdefòrd@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif tzGJ@0ifcJh+yD; pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1969 ckESpf wGif a':[kefeJrfESifhvufxyfI om;(4)a,muf/ orD;(2)a,mufxGef;um;onf? 3? wD;wdef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? ylusifh&Sif;xef/ ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&uf? ylusifh¶Sif;xefonf wD;wdef+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&uftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(5418)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(41²51)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;qGrf;[ef.om;jzpfonf? 1938 ckESpf/ {+yDv (6)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? ylusifh¶Sif;xefonf Zrf;yDtpdk;& rlvwef;ausmif;/ wD;wdef+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ rEWav;+rdK@wdkif;cspfausmif;wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJhI 1958 ckESpfwGif q,fwef;atmifjrifonf? &efukefwuUodkvfY qufvufynmoif=um;cJh&m 1963-64 ckESpf wGif csif;ausmif;om;rsm;or*~ OuUX/ xdkrS 1964 ckESpfwGif EdkifiHa&;ody`Hbmom/ t*Fvdyfpm/ pmpDpmuHk;wdk@jzifh 0dZ…mbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? xdkESpfrSmyif r'Gef@cifanmifESifhvufxyfonf? 1964 ckESpfrS 1967 ckESpftxd &efukef wuUodkvf Oya'ynmXmewGif qufvufynmoif=um;cJh&m 1967 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…m(Oya')bGJ@/ 1968 ckESpfwGif Oya'0dZ…m (LL.B.) bGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1969 ckESpfwGif tvkyfoifa¶S@ae/ 1971 ckESpfrSpI w&m;¶Hk;csKyfa¶S@aetjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? ylusifh¶Sif;xefonf i,fpOfausmif;om;b0uwnf;uyif EdkifiHa&;v_yf¶Sm;r_rsm;wGif wuf ºuGpGmyg0ifv_yf¶Sm;chonf? awmif}uD;nDvmcHodk@ ausmif;om;or*~acgif;aqmifwOD;tjzpf wufa&mufcJh onf? 1961 ckESpfwGif jynfe,frsm;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@ tvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0iftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDESifh tm%m¶SifOD;ae0if;tm; tpOfwpdkufqef@usifcJholwOD;jzpfonf? 1972 ckESpf wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHzGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'a&;qGJa&;twGuf jynfolrsm;xHrSt}uHOm%frsm;awmif;cH onfwGif zuf'&,fa&;&mudpP&yfrsm;ESifhywfoufI a0zeft}uHay;cJhojzifh 1972 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (30)&ufae@rS 1974 ckESpf/ rwfv (3)&ufae@txd &efukef+rdK@/ ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;A[dkppfa=uma&;pcef;wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf; ppfa=umjcif;cHcJh&onf? xdk@aemuf 1974 ckESpf/ rwfv (4)&ufae@rS =o*kwfv (24)&ufae@ txd rEWav;tusOf;axmifwGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1986 ckESpfwGif uav;+rdK@e,fa¶S@ae}uD;rsm; tzGJ@wGif OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1992 ckESp/f rwfv (12)&ufae@rS (19)&ufae@txd uav;+rdK@wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&+yD;puwnf; u wdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmif/ ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&uf. OuUXjzpfojzifh ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;. teD;uyfapmifh =uyf=unfh¶_@r_udkcHcJh&oljzpfonf? 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (12)&ufae@ eHeuf(4)em&DtcsdefwGif ppfaxmuf vSrf;a&;rS aetdrfodk@vma&mufzrf;qD;+yD;/ &efukef+rdK@odk@ac:aqmifum vlrqefpGmppfa=umar; jref;r_udkcHcJh&+yD; rwfv (19)&ufae@wGifrSjyefv$wfay;cJhjcif;jzpfonf? EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;tm; e0wrS zsufodrf;aeonfhumv 1993 ckESpf/ arv (10)&ufae@wGif uav;+rdK@YxrfrHzrf;qD;cHcJh&+yD; aetdrftus,fcsKyfb0jzifh ppfaxmuf vSrf;a&;trSwf(17)rSt&m¶SdxH eHeuf(8)em&Dw}udrf/ nae(5)em&Dw}udrf owif;ydk@aecJh&onf? a¶S@aetjzpf - 100 -

toufarG;0rf;a=umif;vkyfief;udkygvkyfcGifhrjyKojzifh rdom;pkpm;0wfaea&;tcufawG@cJh&onf? ZGefv (1)&uf ae@txdjzpfonf? 'Drdkua&pDESifhvl@tcGifhta&;twGufqufvufaqmif¶Gufojzifh 1996 ckESpf/ atmufwdk bmv (10)&ufae@rS(24)&ufae@txd xyfrHxdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&jyefonf? ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;.n‡Of;yrf;ESdyfpuf r_a=umifh usef;rma&;,dk,Gif;vmonftxdjzpfcJh&onf? ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&ufA[dkwGif OuUX jzpfonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS ppftm%m¶Sifrsm;u 1990 jynfhESpf/ a¶G;aumufyGJ&v'ftm; taumiftxnf azmfray;ojzifh wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd ;pkjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;yg0ifonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfw&yfudk r=umrDac:,lrnfjzpfa=umif;/ 1998 ckESpf/ =o*kwv f (21)&ufae@wGifa=unmcJht+yD; ppftm%m¶Sifrsm;u wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkEdkifiHa&;ygwDacgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfol ylusifh¶Sif;xeftm; 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (6)&uf ae@rS 1999 ckESpf/ rwfv (14)&ufae@txd &efukef+rdK@wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;cJhonf? yxr &JrGef¶Sd trSwf (220)ajcjrefwyf&if;wGifxdef;odrf;xm;cJh+yD;aemuf udk;rdkifcGJ¶Sd ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;wyfpcef;wGif ajymif;a¶$@I oD;jcm;csKyfaESmifxm;cJh&m ausmufuyfESifhtjcm;a&m*ga0'emrsm;jzpfyGm;cJh+yD;/ usef;rma&;csdK@,Gif;vmojzifh ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rSjyefv$wfay;cJhonf? jyefvGwfvm+yD; &efukef+rdK@/ qmul&maq;cef;wGif aq;0g;ukocJh& onf? 1999 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (16)&ufae@wGif urBmhukvor*~ vufaxmuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª; csKyf rpPwmt,fvfAm¶dk'DqdkwdkrS wdkif;&if;om;EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rS acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; &efukef+rdK@¶Sd/ ukvor*~ zGH@+zdK;r_tpDtpOf¶Hk;wGif awG@qHkcJh&mwGif yg0ifojzifh 1999 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (3)&ufae@rS 2001 ckESpf/ ZGefv (15)&ufae@txd ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;.zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 2002 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (23) &ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwD(pDtm&fyDyD)wdk;csJ@zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&uf .udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf yg0ifvmcJhonf? 4? wGef;ZH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? wmefxefvsef;aygif/ ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&uf? wmefxefvsef;aygifonf wGef;ZH+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&uftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(3483)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(36²35)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1960 jynfhESpf/ {+yDv (18)&ufae@wGif tz OD;cgwfcef@xef/ trd a':anmif;usifhwdk@rSarG;zGm;cJhonf? wGef;ZH+rdK@e,f/ yef rGmvfaus;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? wmefxefvsef;aygifonf yefrGmvfaus;¶Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ axG;rGDtpdk;& tv,fwef;ausmif;/ wrl;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wd@k wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1980 jynfhESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd rHk¶Gma'oaumvdyf/ 1982 ckESpfrS 1984 ckESpftxd rEWav;wuUodkvfwdk@wGif qufvufynmoif =um;cJhum bDtufpfpD(*k%fxl;)bGJ@&cJhonf? 1984 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpt f xd &efukefwuUodkvfwGif r[mody`H aemufqHk;ESpftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1974 ckESpfrSpI vrf;pOfvli,foifwef;/ vrf;pOfvli,facgif;aqmif oifwef;/ vrf;pOfvli,frGrf;rHoifwef;wdk@wufcJhonf? 1983-84 ckESpfwGif rEWav;wuUodkvf csif;wdkif;&if; om;pmayESifh,Ofaus;r_aumfrwD twGif;a&;rª;/ wdkif;&if;om;pmayESifh,Ofaus;r_aumfrwD tzGJ@0if/ 1985-86 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvf wdkif;&if;om;,Ofaus;r_aumfrwD tzGJ@0if/ 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmvtxd ZdkrD;trsdK; om;uGef*&ufwGif taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 5? xefwvef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? a'gufwmr_xef/ woD;yk*~v?

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a'gufwmr_xefonf xefwvef+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif woD;yk*~tjzpf 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (7322)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(38²02)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;[JoGrf;.om;jzpfonf? 1948 ckESpf/ arv (16)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? 1966 ckESpfwGif wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifI 1973 ckESpf wGif rEWav;aq;wuUodkvfrS q&m0efbGJ@(trfbDbDtufpf)&cJhonf? 1973 ckESpfrS 1974 ckESpftxd rEWav; jynfol@aq;¶Hk}uD;wGif tvkyfoifq&m0ef/ 1976 ckESpfrS 1981 ckESpftxd wGef;ZH+rdK@e,fESifh zvrf;+rdK@e,fwdk@wGif vufaxmufq&m0ef/ 1981 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd xefwvef+rdK@e,fq&m0ef/ xdkrS 1989 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (23)&ufae@wGif &mxl;rSEkwfxGufcJhonf? +rdK@e,fq&m0eftjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifpOf yÌrt}udrfygwDnDvmcH udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfvnf;aumif;/ pwkwˆt}udrfjynfe,fjynfol@aumifpD(tcsdefydkif;)tjzpfvnf;aumif;aqmif ¶GufcJhonf? a'gufwmr_xeftay: ‚if;.a¶G;aumufyGJ,SOf+ydKifbuf csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS OD;EGef tkyfrS a¶G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mwifoGif;cJhojzifh a¶G;aumufyGJcHktrSwf(5)rS =um;emppfaq;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ,cifu trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tzGJ@0ifjzpfcJh+yD; tzGJ@csKyfA[dkESifhoabmxm;rwkdufqdkifojzifh tzGJ@csKyfrS EkwfxGuf+yD; woD;yk*~tjzpf a¶G;aumufyGJwGif 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJhjcif;jzpfonf? 6? yvuf0+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;ausmfxGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmfxGef;onf yvuf0+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(3961)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(38²18)jzifhf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1945 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (14)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? yvuf0òrd@e,f/ xGDykef;0aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;vkdif;zm;.om;jzpfonf? OD;ausmfxGef;onf i&Sm;&Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ yvuf0+rdK@tpdk;&txuf wef;ausmif;/ &efukefòrd@jynfaxmifpktxufwef;ausmif;wkd@Yynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ wef;jrifhausmif;xGufpmar;yJG atmifjrifcJhonf? 1965 ckESpfwGif yvuf0+rdK@e,fukefoG,fa&;wGif pma&;0efxrf;/ xkdrS 1967 ckESpfwGif r'D,mESifhvufxyfI om;oHk;a,muf/ orD;oHk;a,mufxGef;um;onf? 1972 ckESpfwGif yvuf0òrd@e,f evu twGif;a&;r–;/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxfd yvuf0+rdK@e,faumifpD twGif;a&;r–;/ 1978 ckESpfrS 1981 ckESpf txd òrd@e,fvkyfief;ppf OuUX/ 1984 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmvwGif ppfawGòrd@Y wnf;ckd&dyfompcef; 0,f,lzGifhvSpf jcif;udkOD;aqmifr_ay;cJhjcifhtwGuf òrd@e,fjynfol@aumifpD OuUX wm0efrS&yfqkdif;jcif;cH&onf? 1985 ckESpfwGif pm;axG±Hk;csKyf/ &efukefòrd@odk@ajymif;a&$@onf? 1989 ckESpf/ rwfvwGif u|rf;usiftqifh(8)&mxl;jzifh t+idrf;pm; ,lcJhonf? yvuf0òrd@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ csif;jynfe,ftrsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;tzJG@0iftjzpfvnf;aumif; wm0ef,lcJhonf? 7? yvuf0+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;axG;atmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;axG;atmif (c) OD;xkyfatmifonf yvuf0+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(2732)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(31²38)jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;cifwvd.om;jzpfonf? yvuf0òrd@e,f/ zvHkacsmif;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1945 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;axG;atmif (c) OD;xkyfatmifonf 1959-60 ckESpfwGif yvuf0+rdK@e,f tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ 1964 ckESpfrS 1967 ckESpftxd zGH@òzd;a&;ody`H(ppfudkif;)wdk@wGifynmoif=um;cJhI 1965-66 ynmoifESpfwGif wef;jrifhausmif;xGufpmar;yJGatmifjrifcJhonf? 1967-68 ckESpfwGif rlvwef;jy - 102 -

q&m/ 1969 ckESpfrS 1971 ckESpftxd rlvwef;ausmif;tkyf/ 1972 ckESpfwGif tv,fwef;jyq&moifwef; atmifjrifcJhonf? 1973 ckESpfwGif tv,fwef;jyq&m/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd yvuf0òrd@e,fvkyfief; ppftzJG@0if/ 1978-79 ckESpfwGif òrd@e,faumifpDtwGif;a&;r–;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 8? zvrf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? pDauwdkufuGJvf/ csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? pDauwdkufuGJvfonf zvrf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(6137)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(64²53)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cH cJh&onf? Adkvfrª;wdkufuGJvf(t+idrf;pm;/ uG,fvGef).om;jzpfonf? 1929 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (20)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? pDauwdkufuGJvfonf 1948 ckESpfrS 1954 ckESpftxd tar&duefjynfaxmifpkodk@ ynmawmf oifoGm;a&mufcJhonf? 1954 ckESpfrSpI v#yfppf"mwftm;ay;a&;tzGJ@(jrefrmhv#yfppf"mwftm;ay;a&;vkyf ief;)wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh&m 1971 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (31)&ufae@txd 'kwd,tif*sifeD,m csKyf tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1989 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (1)&ufae@rSpI oufjynfht+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? bD tufpfpD/ tdkiftD;tD;bGJ@ESifh trfat/ tdkiftD;tD;bGJ@wdk@&¶SdcJhonf? csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif em,u wm0ef,lcJhonf? 9? zvrf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? a'gufwmZvS,fxef/ csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmZvS,fxefonf zvrf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tm;udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(4753)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(50²28)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1944 ckESpf/ {+yDv (6)&ufae@wGif tz OD;[&ef¶Sif/ trd a':acgvsefpGJwdk@rSarG;zGm;cJhonf? zvrf; +rdK@e,f/ uavrGef¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? a'gufwmZvS,fxefonf 1964 ckESpfwGif &efukef+rdK@ +rdK@rtxufwef; ausmif;rS 'orwef;atmifjrifcJh+yD;/ 1965 ckESpfrS 1977 ckESpftxd &efukefaq;wuUodkvf(1)wGif q&m0ef (trfbDbDtufpf)bGJ@&onftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1979 ckESpfrSpI uav;+rdK@/ wm[ef;&yfwGif udk,fydkif aq;cef;zGifhxm;cJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&D v (22)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(914)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a¶G;aumufwif ajr‡mufjcif;cHxm;&oltjzpfrS y,fzsufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? ,if;a=unmcsufwGif a'gufwmZvS,fxef onf yHkESdyfolrsm;ESifhxkwfa0olrsm;rSwfyHkwifOya' yk'fr(20)tm;usL;vGefcJhojzifh uav;+rdK@e,fw&m;¶Hk;. jypf r_}uD;trSwf(137§90)t& ta&;,lv#uf¶SfdpOf ,if;onf tdENd,EdkifiH/ rDZdk&rfjynfe,f/ tdkufaZm+rdK@odk@ wdrf; a¶Smifaexdkifv#uf¶SdonfhtwGuf w&m;cHajy;tjzpfa=unmxm;a=umif;/ oufqdkif&mw&m;¶Hk;.pD&ifcsufwGif azmfjyxm;onfudkawG@¶Sd&ojzifh OD;ZvS,fxefonf EdkifiHjcm;wdkif;jynfwjynfwGifaexdkifjcif;tm;jzifh jrefrm EdkifiHawmftpdk;&.aus;Zl;opPmawmfudk cH,lapmifha¶Smufjcif;rjyKawmhbJ EdkifiHjcm;tpdk;&.vufatmufcH tjzpfa&muf¶SdaeonfudkawG@¶Sd&onf? odk@ygI OD;ZvS,fxefonf jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr (11) yk'frcGJ(C)ESifh +idpGef;ojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHxm;&oltjzpf qufvuf&yfwnfydkifcGifhr¶Sdawmha=umif;ESifh ,if;tm; jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a¶G;aumufwif ajr‡mufcHxm;&oltjzpfrS y,fzsufvdkufa=umif;azmfjyyg¶o Sd nf? xdk@jyif csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif

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b¾ma&;rª;tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhaom a'gufwmZvS,fxeftm; csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS 1991 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (12)&ufae@wGif xkwfy,fcJhonf? 10? rwlyD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;¶dktkyf/ r&mjynfol@ygwD(r-y-y)? OD;¶dktkyfonf rwlyD+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif r&mjynfol@ygwD(r-y-y)tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(3450)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(34²13)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rwlyD +rdK@e,f/ wD;qD;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;vSaxG;/ trd a':aeulwdk@rS 1957 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (3)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;onf? OD;¶dktkyfonf wD;qD;¶Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ vdkufvif;yDtpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ rkwWr tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGifynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1981-82 ynmoifESpfwGif q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1983-84 ckESpfwGif =unfhjrifwdkifa'oaumvdyf(3)wGif yxrESpfESifh'kwd,ESpfwdk@udkwufa&mufatmifjrifcJh+yD;/ 1986-87 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvf(yifr)wGif wwd,ESpfoifwef;odk@wufa&mufcJhonf? rkwWrtpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;cJhpOfu ynmxl;c|efqk&cJhonf? wuUodkvf 'kwd,ESpfESifhwwd,ESpf rsm;wGif r&me,fvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;tpnf;t¶Hk; OuUX tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ rwlyD+rdK@e,fwuUodkvf ausmif;om;rsm;toif;wGifvnf;aumif; yg0ifaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 11? rwlyD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;a&$xef; (c) OD;aqGxm;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;a&$xef; (c) OD;aqGxm;onf rwlyD+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(4417)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(47²51)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? rwlyD+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;cdwHk/ trd a':axG&ifwkd@rS 1947 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (4)&uf ae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;a&$xef; (c) OD;aqGxm;onf avuef;&Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ pmvfawmif&Gm tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ rwlyD+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ rif;wyf+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1964 ckESpfrS 1967 ckESpftxd ppfudkif;/ wdkif;&if;om;zG@Hòzd;a&;ody`H trSwfpOf(1)odk@ wuf a&mufatmifjrifcJhonf? 1967 ckESpfrS 1973 ckESpftxd rlvwef;ausmif;tkyfq&m}uD;/ 1973 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd rwlyD+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif tv,fwef;jyq&m/ 1981 ckESpfwGif A[dkEkdifiHa&; wuUodkvfwGif tvkyform;pDrHcef@cJGr_oifwef;wufcJhonf? 1984 ckESpfwGif t,fvft,fvfbDbJG@ESifh 1987 ckESpfwGif bDtD;'DbJG@&onf? 1981 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd rwlyD+rdK@e,fjynfol@aumifpD tvkyftr_aqmif tzG@J0if/ 1986 ckESpfwGif tajccHEkdifiHa&;oifwef;wufcJhonf? 1989 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmvtxd tv,fwef; ausmif;tkyfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD; a&G;aumufyJGwGifyg0if,SOfòydifta&G;cH&eftwGuf 1989 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (1)&ufae@rSpI vuf&Sd&mxl;rSE_wfxGufcJhonf? 12? rif;wyf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;&Sdef;azvdef;/ csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

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OD;¶Sdef;azvdef;onf rif;wyf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(5542)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(42²09)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;edef¶Sdef;az/ trd a':xef;vD;¶_wdk@rS 1939 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (10)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;¶Sdef;azvdef; onf vSd¶Hk;¶Gmbkef;awmf}uD;ausmif;/ rif;wyftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh&m pwkwˆ wef;ESifh owWrwef;wdk@wGif paumvm;¶Spf&cJhonf? 1957 ckESpfwGif wef;jrifhausmif;xGufpmar;yGJ atmifjrif I 1958 ckESpfwGif rif;wyf+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;Y tv,fwef;jyq&m0ifvkyfonf? 1959 ckESpfwGif wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifI &efukefq&mtwwfoifwGif tv,fwef;jyoifwef;wufcJhonf? 1960 jynfh ESpfrS 1984 ckESpftxd tv,fwef;jyq&mESifhausmif;tkyf}uD;/ csif;jynfe,fenf;jyq&m(jynfaxmifpkausmif; ESifh ppfudkif;zGH@+zdK;a&;ody`H)/ 1984 ckESpfwGifemrusef;yifpif,lcJhonf? csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif OuUX/ A[dkem,u ponfjzifhaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 13? [m;cg;jrdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;vseftkyf/ woD;yk*~v? OD;vseftkyfonf [m;cg;jrdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif woD;yk*~tjzpf 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(5149)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(37²02)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1937 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (4)&ufae@zGm;jzpf onf? tz OD;r_efaemfvf.om;jzpfonf? OD;vseftkyfonf 1959 ckESpfwGif ausmif;xGufvufrSwf&pmar;yGJudk atmifjrifcJhonf? 1961 ckESpfwGif ppfawGpmppfXmerS wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrif+yD;/ 1959 ckESpfrS 1963 ckESpftxd yvuf0+rdK@e,f/ 'vifartpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;wGif ausmif;tkyfwm0efcHtjzpfaqmif¶GufcJh onf? 1967 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS 0dZ…mbGJ@ESifh 1968 ckESpfwGif Oya'0dZ…mbGJ@wdk@&cJhonf? wuUodkvfwGifynmoif=um;aepOf &efukefwuUodkvf csif;wdkif;&if;om;pmayESifh,Ofaus;r_aumfrwD twGif; a&;rª;/ ,if;aumfrwDrSxkwfa0onfh 1968-69 ckESpf ESpfvnfr*~Zif;aumfrwD OuUX/ 1969-70 ckESpfwGif txufwef;a¶S@ae/ 1971 ckESpfrS 1990 jynfhESpftxd w&m;¶Hk;csKyfa¶S@aetjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? OD;vseftkyf tm; 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (u)(,)(n)/ jypfr_qdkif&musifhxHk;Oya' yk'fr 512 t& [m;cg;+rdK@e,fw&m;¶Hk;wGif w&m;pGJqdkxm;pOf xGufajy;wdrf;a¶SmifoGm;ojzifh w&m;cHajy;tjzpfa=unmcJh onf? OD;vseftkyfonf 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr (5)(n)t& jypfr_xif¶Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I jynfol@ v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr (11)(n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,fzsuf a=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (20)&ufae@ wGif a=unmcJhonf? (5) ppfudkif;wdkif;? taemufbufwGif csif;jynfe,f/ ta¶S@ajrmufbifwGif ucsifjynfe,f/ ta¶S@bufwGif ¶Srf;jynfe,f/ awmifbufwGif rauG;wdkif;ESifh rEWav;wdkif;wdk@ wnf¶Sdonf? ppfudkif;wdkif;wGif +rdK@e,f(38)+rdK@e,f¶Sd rJqENe,f(58)e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udk,fpm;jyK ,SOf+ydKifol v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(231)OD;/ woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(11)OD;/ pkpk aygif;(242)OD;0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh=u&m trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(52)ae&m/ em*awmifwef;a'owdk;

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wufa&;ygwDESifhwoD;yk*~vwdk@(2)ae&mpD/ jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfESifh wdkif;&if; om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDwdk@rS(1)ae&mpD toD;oD;a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf? 1? ueD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;cifarmifoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifarmifoef;onf ueD+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(17238)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(77²83)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? tz OD;!Gef@/ trd a':tkef;=unfwkd@rS 1945 ckESp/f Zefe0g&Dv (1)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? ueD+rdK@e,f/ vufyHpk&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;cifarmifoef;onf ueD+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrif+yD; rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfwGif qufvufynmqufvufoif=um;cJhonf? 1969 ckESpf/ u|ef;qG,fta&; tcif;wGif yg0ifv_yf&Sm;cJhojzifh (1)ESpfESifh(6)v zrf;qD;xdef;odfrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1973 ckESpfwGif jyifyrSajzqkd+yD; rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`H(ocsFm)bJG@&cJhonf? 1988 ckESpftxd ueDòrd@e,ftwGif; wGJbufausmif; q&mtjzpfvkyfudkifcJhonf? ueD+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (21)OD;aumfrwDwGif aumfrwD0iftjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf? 2? ueD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;oef@Zif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef@Zifonf ueD+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(18781)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(82²53)jzihf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1940 jynfhESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (15)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? armfvkduf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bpdfef.om;jzpf onf? OD;oef@Zifonf armfvkduf+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ rEWav;wuUodkvfESifh pdkufysdK;a&;wuUodkfvf wdk@wGifynmoif=um;cJhI pdkufysdK;a&;ynmbJG@&cJhonf? 1967 ckESpfrS 1981 ckESpftxd ajraus;&Sif;(±Hk;csKyf)/ ueD ajraus;&Sif;/ v,fpdkuf&Sif;wkd@wGif òrd@e,frefae*smtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? xdk@aemuf bmom&yfoif udk,fydkifoifwef;zGifhvSpfI toufarG;cJhonf? 3? uav;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;'dkaxmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;'dkaxmifonf uav;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(17381)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(42²81)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? zvrf;òrd@e,f/ bkdóuH;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1940 jynfhESpfwGif tz OD;vsefEGef;/ trd a':xef;ref;wkd@rSarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;'dkaxmifonf acgyGmvftpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ zvrf;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ wD;wGmvftpdk;& tv,fwef;ausmif;/ [m;cg;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif wuUodkvf0ifwef;txdynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ usef;rma&;r–;oifwef;udk 1962 ckESpfwGifatmifjrifcJhonf? 1963 ckESpfrS 1889 ckESpftxd xefwvef/ uefyufvuf/ uav;/ armfvkduf/ [krRvif;+rdK@wkd@wGif usef;rma&;r–;/ 1988 ckESpf/ (1350 jynfhESpf) jynfol@ 'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhI 1989 ckESpfwGiftvkyfrSE_wfxGufcJhonf? 1996 ckESpf/ arv (21)&uf - 106 -

ae@wGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;trSwf(17)rS zrf;qD;jcif;cHcJh&+yD;/ 1996 ckESpf/ =o*kwv f (20)&ufae@wGif jypfr_ qdkif&mOya'yk'fr 122(2) EdkifiHawmfopPmazmufzsufykefuefr_jzifh axmif'%f(7)ESpfjypf'%fcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh& onf? ¡ 22-8-96 &ufae@xkwf e0wowif;pmrsm;wGif tdENd,EdkifiHtajcpdkufv_yf¶Sm;v#uf¶Sdaom trsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS a'gufwmwifhaqGOD;pD;aomtzGJ@u jynfwGif;¶SdtrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS OD;'dkaxmif; (uav;+rdK@)/ cGefjrifhxGef;(oxHk+rdK@)tygt0if (19)OD;tm;qufoG,fI jynfyoifwef;odk@ oifwef;om;rsm; apv$wfay;&ef/ vH_@aqmf0g'jzef@pmapmifrsm;jzef@a0&eftjyif rHk¶Gm+rdK@Y jynfytkyfpk.v#dK@0Suf¶Hk;cGJzGifhvSpf&ef aqmif¶GufcJhjcif;rsm;twGuf zrf;qD;ta&;,l&a=umif;azmfjycJhonf? ¢ 2003 ckESpf/ ZGefv (2) &ufae@wGif rEWav;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 4? uav;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? a'gufwmodef;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmodef;0if;onf uav;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(23168)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(57²23)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? tz OD;bdk/ trd a':oef;xkdufwkd@rS 1952 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (20)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? rHk&Gm+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? a'gufwmodfef;0if;onf rif;uif;+rdK@/ tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)ESifh tpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)/ rHk¶Gm+rdK@/ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(3)/ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif; trSwf(2)wdk@wGif tajccHynmoif,l+yD;aemuf aq;wuUodkvf(2)&efukefrS 1978 ckESpfwGif q&m0efbJG@&cJh onf? 1976 ckESpfrS 1980 jynfhESpftxd tvkyfoifq&m0ef r*Fvm'Hkppfaq;±Hk}uD;/ wm0efcHq&m0ef wm[eforaq;cef;/ ZeD; a':=unf=unfjrifhESifh om;orD;(5)a,mufxGef;um;onf? 1988 ckESpf/ (1350 jynfhESpf) jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 1979 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd vufaxmuf ygwDpdwfr–; anmifyifom&yf/ uav;òrd@wGif wm0ef,lcJhonf? uav;+rdK@trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif òrdd@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;r–; wm0ef,lcJhonf? jyifyq&m 0eftjzpf udk,fydkifaq;cef;zGifhI toufarG;onf? 5? uav;0jrdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;wifarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifarmifonf uav;0+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(9141)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(45²86)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? v,fa0;òrd@e,f/ óud@yif&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1933 ckESpf/ rwfv (14)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;oef;ausmf. om;jzpfonf? OD;wifarmifonf aysmfbG,f+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS &Spfwef;atmifjrifcJhI 1955 ckESpf wGif udkvHbdkpDrHudef;ynmawmfoiftjzpf =opa=w;vsodk@ owWKwl;azmfa&;ynm oGm;a&mufoif=um;cJhonf? 1975 ckESpfrSpI uav;0ausmufrD;aoG;wGif;(a=u;eDpDrHudef;)/ owWKwGi;f tif*sifeD,mtjzpfvkyfudkifcJhonf? 1978 ckESpfwGif tvkyfrSxGuf+yD;/ uav;0+rdK@wGif pm;aomufqkdifvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1958 ckESpfrS 1962 ckESpftxd ausmufrD;aoG;wGif;tvkyform;tpnf;t±Hk; OuUX/ uav;0òrd@e,f tvkyform;aumifpD tvkyf tr_aqmif/ a=u;eDpDrHudef;tvkyform;tpnf;t±Hk; OuUX/ 1988 ckESpf/ (1350 jynfhESpf) jynfol@'Drdkua&pD ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifygI (1)vausmfxdfef;odrf;cHcJh&onf? 6? uom+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? - 107 -

OD;jrifh=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrifh=unfonf uom+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(25753)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(70²48)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;wifatmif/ trd a':cspfwkd@rS 1950 jynfhESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (9)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cHhonf? uom+rdK@Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;jrifh=unfonf i,fpOfu q&m}uD;OD;bkdeDtvGwfynmoifausmif;wGif (7)wef;atmifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ uom+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)odk@ (8)wef;rSpwifajymif;a&$@ynmoif=um; cJh&m 1969 ckESpfwGif q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? xkdrS &efukefwd&dp>mefarG;jrLa&;ESifhaq;ukoa&;wuUodkvf okd@wufa&mufcJh+yD; 1971 ckESpfwGif rEWav;0dZ…mESifody`HwuUodkvfodk@ ajymif;a&$@ynmoif=um;cJh&m 1974 ckESpfwGif rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`H(owWaA')bJG@&cJhonf? OD;jrifh=unfonf 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwif bmv (29)&ufae@u tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)rS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm;. aetdrfwGifusif;yðyvkyfcJhonfh ,m,Dtpdk;&v#Kd@0SufzJG@pnf;a&;tpnf;ta0;odk@wufa&mufcJhI 1991 ckESpf/ {+yDvwGif oufqdkif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ,if;aemuf jypfr_qdkif&mOya'yk'fr (122)(1)t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyJGOya' (11)(n) ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh v$waf wmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,f zsufvkdufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa±G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr±SifrS 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (2) &ufae@&ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf(995)jzifh a=unmcJhonf? aemifwGifjyKvkyfrnfha±G;aumufyGJrsm;wGifyg0if ,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf;ydwfyifcJhonf? e0w u 1992 ckESpf/ ZGefv (4)&ufae‹wGif tif;pdefaxmifrSjyefv$wfay; cJhonf? 7? aumvif;jrdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;odef;ZH/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;odef;ZHonf aumvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(29986)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(73²1)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1946 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (18)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? aumvif;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;boif.om;jzpfonf? OD;odef;ZHonf 1964 ckESpfwGif aumvif;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1966 ckESpf/ &efukefwuUodkvfwGif 'kwd,ESpf0dZ…mwef;t+yD; Zlvdkifta&;tcif;a=umifh ausmif;aecGifh&yfpJcHcJh &onf? 1967 ckESpfrS 1969 ckESpftxd aumvif;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif tv,fwef;jyq&m/ 1969 ckESpfwGif wwd,ESpfjyefwufcJh+yD;/ 1971 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…mbJG@/ 1977 ckESpfwGif r[m0dZ…mbJG@/ 1981 ckESpf wGif rSwfyHkwifa&S@ae(tmt,fvf)&&SdcJhonf? 1971 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd usL&Sifoifwef;r–;csKyf/ xdk@aemuf jru|ef;omvDrDwuf OD;aqmif'g±kdufwmtjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? 8? uef@bvl+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;odef;az/ woD;yk*~v? OD;odef;azonf uef@bvl+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif woD;yk*~vtjzpf 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkif vHkrJ(17364)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(47²34)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1940 jynfhESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (5)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;boif.om;jzpfonf? [krRvif;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;odef;azonf [krRvif;+rdK@ - 108 -

tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS 1958 ckESpfwGif wef;jrifhausmif;xGufpmar;yGJatmifjrifcJh+yD;/ 1961 ckESpfwGif vufaxmufusef;rma&;rª;oifwef; atmifjrifonf? 1961 ckESpfrSpI usef;rma&;rª;tjzpf aus;vufusef;rm a&;Xmersm;wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD;/ 1987 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (29)&ufae@u tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)rS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrfwGif jyKvkyfonfh ,m,Dtpdk;&zGJ@pnf;a&;v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;odk@ wufa&mufcJhojzifh oufqdkif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef; odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ,if;aemuf OD;odef;azonf jypfr_qdkif&mOya' yk'fr (122)(1)t& jypfr_xif¶Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH& I jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr (11)(n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,fzsufvdkufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (22)&ufae@&ufpGJjzifha=unmcJhonf? 9? uef@bvl+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? a'gufwmjrifhEdkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmjrifhEkdifonf uef@bvl+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(30628)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(75²83)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? tz OD;aZmf/ trd a':at;&ifwdk@rS 1951 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (6)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? a&$bkd+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? a'gufwmjrifhEkdifonf a&$bkd+rdK@ 'dkiftkdpDZifausmif;/ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (3)ESifh trSwf(1)wkd@wGif q,fwef;atmifonfxdynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1981 ckESpfwGif rEWav;aq;wuUokdvfrS q&m0efbJG@&cJhonf? udk,fydkif apwemaq;cef;zGifhvSpfaexkdifcJhonf? ,if;onf 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (29)&ufae@u tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)rS jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrfwGif usif;yðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpdk;&v#dK@0SufzJG@pnf;a&;tpnf;ta0;wGif wufºuGpGmyg0ifaqG;aEG;cJhI oufqdkif&m u 1990 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdkbmvwGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ,if;twGuf a'gufwmjrifhEkdifonf jypfr_qdkif&mOya' yk'fr (122)(1)t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&+yD; ‚if;tm;jypfr_qdkif&mOya' yk'fr (122)(1) jzifh w&m;pGJum axmif'%f(25)ESpfjypf'%fcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&onf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa±G;aumufyGJusif;ya&; aumfr±SifrS 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (2)&ufae@&ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf(995)jzifh jynfol‹v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufcJh+yD; aemifwGifjyKvkyfr!fha±G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJh onf? 1995 ckESpfwGif ukvor*~udk,fpm;vS,f ,dkZdk,dkudkwmxH tif;pdefaxmifwGif;tajctaersm;tm; a&;om;ay;ydk@r_jzifh aemufxyfjypf'%f(5)ESpfxyfwdk;cJh+yD;/ o&uftusOf;axmifodk@ajymif;a¶$@cHcJh&onf? 2004 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (30)&ufae@wGif axmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 10? u|ef;vS+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;}uD;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;}uD;armifonf u|ef;vS+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ#csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(17729)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(73²83)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? &rnf;oif;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGef;ckdif/ trd a':,wdk@rS 1938 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (29)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;}uD;armifonf &rnf;oif;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJhI &efukefwuUodkvf/ &efuif;aumvdyfwGif Oypmody`H(u)wef;txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1957 ckESpfrS 1959 ckESpftxd &efukefwuUodkvf/ ausmif;aqmifrsm;Xme/ pma&;0efxrf;/ 1959 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd - 109 -

wyfrawmf(=unf;)wGif wyfom;rSAdkvf}uD;tqifhxd/ 1985 ckESpfwGif t+idfrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1981 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd cifOD;òrd@e,fESifhu|ef;vSòrd@e,frsm;wGif aumifpD OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 11? cifOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;cifarmifodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifarmifodef;onf cifOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(15367)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(67²87)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? cifOD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1940 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (3)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;onf? tz OD;zkef;armf.om; jzpfonf? OD;cifarmifodef;onf cifOD;+rdK@tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ rEWav;&wemyHkausmif;wkd@wGif ynmoif =um;cJhI q,fwef;atmifjrifcJh+yD; rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`H("mwkaA')bJG@&cJhonf? 1971 ckESpfwGif txufwef;a&S@aepmar;yJGatmifjrifI rEWav;+rdK@wGif a&S@aevkdufcJhonf? 1973 ckESpfwGif a':pef;pef;0if; (&rf;+AJ)ESifhvufxyffI om;ESpfa,mufxGef;um;onf? 1983 ckESpfwGif A[kdw&m;±Hk;a&S@aepmar;yGJ atmifjrifcJh I w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aetjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? OD;cifarmifodef;onf 1990 jynfhESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (29)&uf ae@u tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)rS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrfwGif usif;y ðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpdk;&v#dK@0SufzJG@pnf;a&;tpnf;ta0;odk@wufa&mufcJhI oufqdkif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf; jcif;cHcJh&onf? jypfr_qdkif&mOya' yk'fr (122)(1)t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyJGOya' 11 (n)ESifh +idpGef;ojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufvkdufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG a¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (23)&ufae@wGifa=unmonf? aemifusif;yjyKvkyf r!fh a±G;aumufyGJrsm;Yyg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf;ydwfyifcJhonf? e0w rS ‚if;tm; 1992 ckESpf/ ZGefv (2)&uf ae‹wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrSjyefv$wfay;cJhonf? 12? cifOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2)? OD;aomif;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;aomif;jrifhonf cifOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(14267)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(60²17)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1949 ckESpf/ {+yDv (1)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? tz ODbkdau.om;jzpfonf? ydef;ZvkyfZmwdjzpfonf? OD;aomif;jrifhonf ydef;Zvkyftpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ anmifav;yif+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (1)/ r*FvmawmifnGef@(1) vli,fa&;&mnausmif;wkd@wGifynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS 0dZ…mbGJ@ESifhOya'0dZ…mbJG@wdk@udk&¶SdcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfwGif a':cifESif;a0(cifOD;)ESifhvufxyfI om;orD;(5)OD;xGef;um;onf? w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aetjzpfvdkufygaqmif&GufcJh onf? ,if;onf 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (29)&ufae@u tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) jynfol@ v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm;aetdrfwGifusif;yðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpkd;&v#dK@0SufzJG@pnf;a&;tpnf;ta0; odk@wufa&mufcJhI oufqdkif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? xdk@aemuf OD;aomif;jrifhonf jypfr_qdkif&m Oya' yk'fr (122)(1)t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyJGOya' (11)(n)ESifh +idpGef;ojzifh jynfol@ v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,fzsufvkdufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&; aumfr&SifrS 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (6)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(996)jzifh a=unmcJhonf? aemifusif;y

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jyKvkyfr!fh a±G;aumufyGJrsm;wGifyg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf? e0wrS ‚if;tm; 1992 ckESpf/ ZGefv (4)&ufae‹wGif tif;pdefaxmifrS jyefv$wfay;cJhonf? 13? acsmif;OD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;tHh=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tHh=unfonf acsmif;OD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(26107)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(71²79)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1922 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (10)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? acsmif;OD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;atmifb.om; jzpfonf? OD;tHh=unfonf 'orwef;ESifhtxufwef;q&mjzpfoifwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1938 ckESpf/ wwd, wuUodkvfausmif;om;oydwfwGif oydwfarSmufausmif;om;acgif;aqmifwpfOD;jzpfI ausmif;om;b0uyif 'dk@Armtpnf;t±Hk;odk@0ifcJhonf? 1300 jynfhta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhI acsmif;OD;+rdK@'dk@Armtpnf;t±Hk;ESSihf &efukefXmecsKyf/ trSwf(76)/ a&ausmfvrf;wGif EdkifiHa&;aqmif&Gufr_rsm;ðyvkyfcJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;tóud umv awmfvSefa&;wGifyg0ifcJhI vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if('kwd,qifh)&cJhonf? 1956 ckESpfwGif acsmif;OD;òrd@ e,frS yrnw ygvDreftrwftjzpf ta&G;cs,fcH&onf? 14? cEWD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? a':q,fq,f/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a':q,fq,fonf cEWD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;udk,fpm;jyKI0ifa&muf ,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(3332)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(46²63)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rEWav;+rdK@ Zmwdjzpfonf? 1945 ckESpf/ rwfv (10)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;awaemif.orD;jzpfonf? a':q,fq,f onf rEWav;yJGukef;tvGwfynmoifausmif;rS wuUodkvf0ifwef;udk(c)tqifhjzifhatmifjrifcJhonf? 1964 ckESpfwGif OD;apmol0%fESifhvufxyfI cEW@D;+rdK@odk@ajymif;a¶G@aexdkifcJhonf? &Srf;pum;ESifhem*pum;udk u|rf;usif pGmwwfajrmufonf? 1978 ckESpfrSpI cEWD;òrd@e,f/ rdcifESifhuav;apmifha&Smufa&;tzJGwGif twGif;a&;r–; tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1999 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (6)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1425)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? 15? igef;ZGef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;cspfcdkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cspfcdkifonf igef;ZGef+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(16881)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(78²85)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1930 jynfhESpf/ {+yDv (4)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;atmifc.om;jzpfonf? OD;cspfckdifonf bkef;awmf}uD; ausmif;wGif rlv"rRmp&d,ajzqdkatmifjrifcJhonf? igef;ZGef+rdK@wGifa':vSvSESifhvufxyfonf? qDpufvkyfief; vkyfudkifItoufarG;onf? igef;ZGef+rdK@e,f/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf?

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16? igef;ZGefjrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;csdKvd_if/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;csdKv_difonf igef;ZGef+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(18480)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(71²97)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1961 ckESpf/ {+yDv (10)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? igef;ZGef+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;jroef;.om;jzpfonf? OD;csKdv_difonf 1983 ckESpfwGif tajccHynmtxufwef;udkvnf;aumif;/ 1986 ckESpfwGif txufwef;a&S@ae pmar;yGJGudkvnf;aumif;/ 1987 ckESpfwGif rEWav;wuUodkvfpmay;pm,loifwef;rS ody`H("mwkaA't"du)bJG@ udkvnf;aumif; ajzqkdatmifjrifcJhonf? txufweff;a&S@aetjzpfvdkufygaqmif¶Gufonf? igef;ZGef+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif òrd@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD0iftjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? ta&;ay:pDrHr_ tuf Oya' yk'fr (5)(n)jzifh e0w u 1991 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (16)&ufae‹wGifzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;cJh+yD; 1992 ckESpf/ {+yDv (25)&ufae‹wGif tusOf;axmifrSjyefv$wfay;cJhonf? 17? ppfudkif;jrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? t+idrf;pm;Adkvfrª;}uD; oD[ol& pdk;odrf;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? Adkvfr–;}uD; oD[ol&pdk;odrf;(t+idrf;pm;)onf ppfudkif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(37037)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(70²18)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1927 ckESpf/ ZGefv (19)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? ppfuidk f;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;aZ,sm.om;jzpfonf? Adkvfr–;}uD;oD[ol&pdk;odrf;(t+idrf;pm;)onf ppfudkif;+rdK@ trsdK;om;txufwef; ausmif;/ ppfudkif;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wkd@wGif q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? ausmif;aepOf OD;armif}uD;xlaxmifonfh taysmfwrf;&JwyfzJG@wGif &JnGef@tjzpfyg0ifcJhonf? 1946 ckESpfwGif ppfudkif;c±dkif jynfol@&JabmfwyfzJG@ jyef=um;a&;r–;/ 1947 ckESpfrS 1949 ckESpftxd ppfudkfif;c±dkif qkd&S,fvpfygwD twGif;a&;r–;/ z-q-y-v tr_aqmif/ 1949 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd wyfrawmfwGifwyfom;tqifhrS (=unf;-6073) Adkvfr–;}uD;tqifhxd ppfqifa&;}uD;rsm;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? &ef}uD;atmif w±kwfjzLppfqifa&;wGif pGrf;pGrf;wrH aqmif&Gufr_a=umifh oD[ol&bJG@wHqdyfcsD;jr‡ifhjcif;cH&onf? ppfqifa&;wm0efrsm;xrf;aqmif&if; ppfawG ar,k c±dkif cvu OuUX/ jynfc±dkif cvu OuUX/ yJcl;c±dkif cvu OuUX/ &Srf;jynfe,f tm;§um OuUX/ rauG;wdkif; wvu OuUX/ vrf;pOfygwD A[kdaumfrwD0if/ rauG;wdkif;a'oygwDaumfrwD OuUX/ A[dkaumfrwDXmecsKyf twGif;a&;r–;rsm;tzJG@. twGif;a&;r–;/ 1977 ckESpw f Gif wwd,t}udrfygwDnDvmcHudkta=umif;ðyI tjcm; A[dkaumfrwD0iftrsm;tjym;ESifhtwl ygwDwm0efrS&yfpJjcif;cHcJh&onf? rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@wGif A[dk aumfrwD0if/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif A[kdOD;pD;tzGJ@0iftjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf? 18? ppfudkif;jrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? a'gufwmcifarmifaqG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmcifarmifaqGonf ppfudkif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(48523)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(72²0)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? 1953 ckESpf/ arv (11)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;xGef;az.om;jzpfonf? a'gufwmcifarmifaqG - 112 -

onf &efukefaq;wuUodkvfrS q&m0efbJG@&cJhonf? aq;wuUodkvfausmif;om;b0wGif wuUodkvf rGeftoif;/ aq;wuUodkvfr*~Zif;aumfrwDwkd@wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 1981 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd jrefrmEdkifiHq&m0eftoif; (rk'Hk)wGif pnf;±Hk;a&;r–;/ b¾ma&;r–;/ wkdif;&if;aq;ynmoifwef;/ =uufajceDoifwef;wdk@wGif oifwef;enf;jy/ rD;axmifacsmufxGef;n‡djcif;pcef;ESifh w&m;pcef;wdk@wGif tcrJhaq;cef;zGifhvSpfulnDcJhonf? 19? qm;vif;}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;cifarmif=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifarmif=unfonf qm;vif;}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (18126)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(77 ²09)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;boef;/ trd a':&Sdefwdk@rS 1926 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (15)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? qm;vif;}uD;òrd@e,f/ qm;xHk;Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;cifarmif=unfonf qm;xHk;&Gmtpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ rHk&Gm +rdK@ t*Fvdyf-jrefrm Ak'
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OD;axmifcdkxef;/ jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;axmifcdkxef;onf wrl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tm;udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(8939)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(35²36)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwif ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;&efcdkvGef;/ trd a':vd_ifcdkusif;wdk@rS 1951 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (5)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm; cJhonf? wrl;+rdK@e,f/ pHuyfaus;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;axmifcdkxef;onf jynfawmfomaus;¶Gm tpdk;& rlvwef;ausmif;/ wrl;+rdK@/ tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;ESifh tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ &efukef+rdK@/ tvHktpdk;& txufwef;ausmif; trSwf(1)/ =unfhjrifwdkif(xD;wef;)/ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)/ &efukef0dZ…mESifh ody`HwuUodkvfwdk@wGif 0dZ…mbGJ@&onftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1981 ckESpfwGif a':vd_ifrGefESifh vufxyfcJh onf? ukefonfvkyfief;jzifhtoufarG;onf? awmifwef;om;rsm;'Drdku&ufwpfygwDwGif taxGaxGtwGif; a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 22? wef@qnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? t+idrf;pm;'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;ausmfqef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 'kwd,Adkvfr–;}uD;ausmfqef;(t+idrf;pm;)(=unf;-7619)onf wef@qnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifta&G;cs,fcHcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(18862)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mE_ef;(78²69) jzifh ta&G;cs,fcHcJh&onf? ppfudkif;òrd@e,f/ usm;rif;}uD;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1932 ckESpf/ ZGefv (17)&ufae@ wGif tz OD;vmjr/ trd a':tkef;cifwkd@rSarG;zGm;onf? 'kAdkvfr–;}uD;ausmfqeff;(t+idrf;pm;)onf 1949 ckESpfwGif omrefwyfom;b0ESifh oeu(1)okd@0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1952 ckESpfwGif Auye,fajr/ bk&m;awmifwkdufyGJwGif aoewf'%f&m&cJhonf? 1957-1958 ckESpfwGif jyefwrf;0ift&m&Sd/ 1958 ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd cv&(1) aejynfawmfppfXmecsKyf(&efukef)/ cr&(102)/ cr&(108)/ &wc§vu&(1)/ cv&(21)/ ryc§cr&(11)/ cv&(36)wkd@wGif wyfpkr–;/ wyfcJGr–;/ ppfOD;pD;r–;(wwd,wef;)/ wyfcJGr–;(Akdvfr–;)/ ppfOD;pD;r–;('kwd,wef;)ESifh wyf&if;r–;wm0eftxd/ 'kwd,Adkvfr–;}uD;b0ESifh 1986 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (26)&ufae@wGif rdrdqENtavsmuf t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf) jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;Y wyfr–;a[mif;(85)OD;wGif yg0ifonf? rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@ A[dkaumfrwD0if/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf ppfudkif;wkdif;pnf;¶Hk; a&;aumfrwDwGif wm0ef,lcJhonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unf+idrf;csrf;a&;Edkb,fvfqk&onfudk axmufcHcJhojzifh axmif'%f(7)ESpfcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&+yD;/ 2003 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv(27)&ufae@rSpI axmif'%f(1)ESpfxyfrHwdk;jr‡ifh csrSwfjcif;cHcJh&onf/ vGwf&ufaph+yD;aemuf ,cifu (2)v(3)}udrfjzifh (6)vaxmif'%fwdk;jr‡ifhcsrSwfcHcJh&+yD;jzpf onf? 23? wef@qnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;azoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;azoef;onf wef@qnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(16387)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(66²23)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? wef@qnf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pHarmif/ trd a':at;cifwkd@rS 1943 ckESpf/ rwfv (12)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;onf? OD;azoef;onf wef@qnf+rdK@tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ ZD;ukef;tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ a&$bkd+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;ESifh rEWav;wuUokdvfwdk@wGif 0dZ…mbJG@&onftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1966 - 114 -

ckESpfrS 1968 ckESpftxd rEWav;+rdK@ q&mjzpfoifausmif;odk@wufa&mufcJhonf? 1968 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd wef@qnf+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif tv,fwef;jyq&mtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhI 1985 ckESpfwGif wm0efrSt+idrf;pm;,lonf? 1985 ckESpfrS 1987 ckESpftxd òrd@e,f*DwaumifpDwGif OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJh onf? 24? xD;cdsKifh+rdK@e,frJqENe,f OD;ausmf0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmf0if;onf xD;csKdifhrJqENe,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(22591)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(67²26)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? xD;csKdifhòrd@e,f/ uef;eD&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;cspfaqG/ trd a':wif=unfwkd@rS 1947 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (20)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;ausmf0if;onf rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`H("mwkaA')bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1971 ckESpfwGif Akdvfavmif;oifwef;trSwfpOf(49)odk@ wufa&mufatmifjrifcJh+yD; jyefwrf;0ift&m&Sd/ 1975 ckESpfwGif ol&Jaumif;rSwfwrf;0if/ 1977 ckESpfwGif Akdvf}uD;tqifh wyfcJGr–;/ 1980 jynfhESpfwGif rdrdqEN tavsmuf wyfrawmfrSE_wfxGufcJhonf? 1982 ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd awmifil+rdK@e,f ppfr_xrf;a[mif;tzJG@ wGif 'kwd,OuUX/ OuUX(,m,D) ponfjzifhaqmif¶GufcJhonf? xdk@aemuf pkdufysKd;arG;jrLa&;vkyfief;jzihftouf arG;onf? 25? 'DyJ,if;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;bdkarmif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;bkdfarmif;onf 'DyJ,if;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(18454)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(77²48)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? 'DyJ,if;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1310 ck e,kefvqef; 14 &ufzGm;/ tz OD;bkd;&Sif/ trd a':csrf;jzLwdk@rS 1948 ckESpf/ arv (21)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;bdkarmif;onf &efukefwuUodkvfrS ody`HbJG@udk 1969 ckESpfwGif vnf;aumif;/ pm&if;udkif'Dyvdkrmudk 1975 ckESpfwGifvnf;aumif;/ rSwfyHkwifa&S@ae(R.L)pmar;yJGudk oufaocHOya'*k%fxl;jzifh 1978 ckESpfwGifvnf;aumif; toD;oD;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfrS 1984 ckESpftxd or0g,r tvkyfoift&m&Sd/ ti,fwef;refae*sm/ or0g,rynmay;pmtkyf(2)tkyf a&;om; cJhonf? 1983 ckESpfwGif or0g,rvkyfief;rStem;,lI a&S@aevkyfief;jzifhtoufarG;onf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@ 'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif òrd@e,facgif;aqmifwm0ef,lI òrd@e,fvHkòcHa&;/ ukefoG,f o§r rysufpD;atmifxdef;odrf;a&;ESifh ygwDaumifpDrSyk*[email protected];udk yk*~dKvfa&;t& taESmifht,Suf tzsuftqD;r&Sdap&ef xdef;odrf;a&;wdk@udk aqmif&GufcJhonf? OD;bkdarmif;onf jypfr_qkdif&mOya' yk'fr (143) t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&if jcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyJGOya'yk'fr(11)(É)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf rSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (10)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(984)jzifh a=unmcJhonf? aemif(10)ESpftwGif;jyKvkyfrnfh a±G;aumufyGJ rsm;Y yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf? 26? 'DyJ,if;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?

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OD;0if;jrifhatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;0if;jrifhatmifonf 'DyJ,if;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfudk,fpm;jyK Ita&G;cs,fcHcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(17448)/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mE_ef;(70²50)jzifha&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1955 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (23)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tzOD;bkdpdef.om;/ OD;0if;jrifhatmifonf pdkifjyifaus;¶Gm tpdk;& tv,fwef;ausmif;ESifhwGJbuftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ jrpf}uD;em;aumvdyf/ rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvf wdk@wGif ody`H(±kuQaA')bJG@&onftxdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1979 ckESpfrSpI rdbydkifqefpuf/ qDpufwdk@wGif 0ifa&mufvkyfudkifcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf) jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif pkdifjyifaus;&Gm wGifOD;aqmifI ukefoG,fv,f&mydkif pyg;ESpfaomif;ausmfudkvnf;aumif;/ jynfolydkiftaqmuftODrsm;udk vnf;aumif; umuG,fapmifha&SmufcJhonf? 'DyJ,if;+rdK@e,f/ pkdifjyifaus;&GmwGifaeonf? 2003 ckESpf/ arv (22)&ufae@wGiftm%mydkifrsm;rSaxmif'%f(2)ESpfjypf'%fcsrSwfcJh&m 2004 ckESpf/ {+yDv (25)&ufae@wGif a¶$bdkaxmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 27? eef;,Gef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;ausmfarmif/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? OD;ausmfarmifonf eef;,Gef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDtm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(1146)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(74²22)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1948 ckESpf/ ZGefv (10)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? eef;,Gef;+rdK@e,f/ 'HkwD;aus;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;auyHk.om; jzpfonf? OD;ausmfarmifonf 'Hk[def;tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ cEWD;+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ xm;0,f+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)/ aumhu&dwf+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif (10)wef;atmifjrif onftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1969 ckESpfwGif jynfol@&JwyfzGJ@ }uD;=uyfa&;rª;¶Hk; v#dK@0Sufpma&;/ 1970 jynfh ESpfwGif tajccHEdkifiHa&;oifwef; trSwfpOf(22)odk@ wufa&mufcJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd eef; ,Gef;+rdK@e,f a&;&mrª;/ wdkif;jynfol@aumifpD0if/ +rdK@e,fygwD,lepf twGif;a&;rª;/ 1985 ckESpfwGif jynfol@&JwyfzGJ@ rS ESpfjynfhyifpif,lcJhonf? wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDwGif +rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 28? ykvJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;oef; (c) OD;oef;pdef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef; (c) OD;oef;pdefonf ykvJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(15874)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²88)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? tz ODbaxG;/ trd a':r_Hwkd@rS 1950 jynfhESpf/ {+yDv (16)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? ykvJòrd@e,f/ ukuUdKpkaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;oef; (c) OD;oef;pdefonf wef;jrifhausmif;xGufpmar;yJGudk ,if;rmyif+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rSatmifjrifcJhonf? 1969 ckESpfrS 1979 ckESpftxd rlvwef;jyq&mtjzpf ykvJ òrd@e,f/ anmifudkif;aus;&Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;ESifh 0rf;bJcsKdifhaus;&Gmtkyfpk/ ydawmufukef;aus;&Gm tpdk;& rlvwef;ausmif;wkd@wGif wm0efxef;aqmifcJh+yD;/ rdrdqENtavsmufE_wfxGufcJhonf? 1976 ckESpfrS 1990 jynfh ESpftxd armfawmf,mOfajy;qJGjcif;vkyfief;udkvkyfukdifvsuf ykvJòrd@e,f/ urf;a'gifhaus;¶GmwGifaexdkifcJhonf? OD;oef; (c) OD;oef;pdeftm; pifòydiftpdk;&zGJŒpnf;I EdkifiHawmfudkawmfvSefykefuef&ef/ EdkifiHawmftm; vufeuf pGJudkifIawmfvSefykefuefaom aomif;usef;oltzGJŒtpnf;rsm;ESifhqufoG,fyl;aygif;jcif;/ ykefuef&eftzGJŒtpnf; - 116 -

rsm;zGJŒpnf;jcif;rsm;a=umifh[kta=umif;jyI a&G;aumufyJGOya' yk'fr (11)/ yk'frcJG(1)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufoltjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif rS 1991 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (21)&ufae@wGifa=unmcsufxkwfjyefcJhonf? OD;oef; (c) OD;oef;pdefonf tdENd, EdkifiHodk‹ xGufcGmvmcJh+yD; jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&ESifhyl;aygif;cJhonf? 29? ykvJj+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? a'gufwmwifhaqG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmwifhaqGonf ykvJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(12693)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(61²15)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? tz OD;bcsdK/ trd a':cifcifwdk@rS 1948 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (8)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? ykvJòrd@e,f/ rif;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? a'gufwmwifhaqGonf 1972 ckESpfwGif rEWav;aq;wuUodkvfrS q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfwGif a':jrjrat;ESifhvufxyfI om;orD;(5)OD;xGef;um;onf? 1974 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd rHk&Gm/ +rdK@om(igef;ZGef)/ ppfudkif;/ ykvJESifh [def;ZJowWKwGif;wkd@wGif wm0effusq&m0eftjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf? 1988 ckESpfwGif tpdk;&tr_xrf;tjzpfrS EkdifiHa&;vkyf&ef[laomta=umif;jycsufjzifh E_wfxGufcJhonf? a'guf wmwifhaqGtm; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS pifòydit f pkd;&zJG@pnf;IEkdifiHawmf tm;awmfvSefykefuef&ef/ EdkifiHawmftm;vufeufukdifpJGudkifawmfvSefykefuefaom aomif;usef;oltzJG@tpnf; rsm;ESifh qufoG,fyl;aygif;jcif;/ ykefuef&eftzJG@tpnf;rsm;zJG@pnf;jcif;wdk@a=umifh a&G;aumufyJG@Oya' yk'fr(10) yk'frcJG(1)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&oltjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; 1991 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (21) &ufae@wGif a=unmcJhonf? a'gufwmwifhaqGonf tdENd,EdkifiHodk‹xGufcGmvmcJh+yD; jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH trsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&ESifhyl;aygif;cJhonf? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;& 0ef}uD;csKyf±Hk; 0ef}uD;(taemufzufa'o)tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifv#uf±Sdonf? 30? yifvnfbl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;jrat; (Aef;armfa¶$ndK)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrat;onf yifvnfbl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(25497)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(72²69)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? Aef;armf+rdK@e,f/ aemifckdaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pH&(Arm)/ trd a':av;(&Srf;)wkd@rS 1930 jynfhESpfwGifarG; zGm;cJhonf? OD;jrat;onf 1956 ckESpfwGif wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1954 ckESpfrSpI Aef;armfa&$ndK uavmiftrnfjzifh 0wˆK/ uAsm/ aqmif;yg;rsm;a&;om;cJh+yD; 1977 ckESpfwGif “c&D;wpfxGm/ wdkufyJGwpf&m” 0wˆKwkdaygif;csKyfpmtkyfudkxkwfcJhonf? 1954 ckESpfrS 1960 jynfhESpftxd vlxkynma&;r–;(vlr_0efxrf;r–;) 0rf;bJtif;(yJcl;)/ yifvnfbl;/ tif;awmf/ azmif;jyif/ uif;wyf(armfvkduf)/ uom? 1960 jynfhESpfrS 1966 ckESpftxd tv,fwef;jyausmif;q&m/ yifvnf;bl;ESifh0ef;odk tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ 1966 ckESpfwGif tajccHEdkifiHa&;oifwef;trSwfpOf(9)odk@wufa&mufcJh+yD;aemuf 0ef;odk+rdK@e,fygwD,lepf pnf;r–;/ 1967 ckESpf wGif enf;jyoifwef;trSwfpOf(4)odk@wufa&mufcJh+yD; Aeo/ Aew wkd@wGif vufaxmufuxdu/ 1973 ckESpf wGif prf;acsmif;òrd@e,fw&m;ol}uD;tzJG@ OuUX/ tvkyform;ta&;tcif;tr_wpfckrS pmayAdrmefyHkESdyfwdkuf w&m;cHajcmufOD;tm; w&m;aov$wfcJhojzifh ygwDrSac:,lppfaq;ar;jref;jcif;cH&+yD;/ 1976 ckESpf/ pufwifbm vwGif ygwDrSxkwfy,fjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1977 ckESpfrS 1983 ckESpftxd tv,fwef;jyausmif;q&m oefvsif - 117 -

tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)ESifh prf;acsmif;tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)/ 1983 ckESpfwGif vkyf oufjynfht+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ {+yDvwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrSE_wfxGufcJhonf? ygwDpHk 'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1998 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (1)&ufae@wGif a=unm csuftrSwf(1407)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? 31? azmif;jyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;atmifaomif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifaomif;onf azmif;jyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(18835)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(65²31)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1955 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (23)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? azmif;jyif+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;uHwifh.om;jzpfonf? OD;atmifaomif;onf azmif;jyif+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif tajccHynmtxufwef;txd ynmoif =um;cJhonf? 1979 ckESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd azmif;jyifòrd@e,for0g,rwGif tjcm;tqifh(c)/ 1982 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd t&efygwD0if/ apwemh0efxrf;t&efrD;owfwyfzJG@ wyf=uyftqifh/ òrd@rvlr_a&;tzJG@ b¾m a&;r–;/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf) jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif 'Drdkua&pDwkdufyJG0ifa&;tzJG@ owif; ESifhjyef=um;a&;wm0efcHtjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? azmif;jyif+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif òrd@e,f pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 32? Aef;armuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;b+idrf;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;b+idrf;onf Aef;armuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(12889)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(56²09)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 0ef;odk+rdK@/ *sKd;axmif&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;'Gef;/ trd a':rGefwkd@rS 1917 ckESpf/ ZGefv (22)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm; cJhonf? OD;b+idrf;onf Aef;armuf+rdK@/ jrefrmtv,fwef;ausmif;wGif owWrwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1947 ckESpfrS 1957 ckESpftxd Aef;armuf+rdK@e,f z-q-y-v twGif;a&;r–;/ 1962 ckESpfwGif òrd@e,f}uH@cdkifa&; tzJG@ aiGxdef;/ 1963 ckESpfwGif om;zGm;aq;cef;aqmufvkyfa&;tzJG@ aiGxdef;/ 1967 ckESpfwGif +rdK@rtpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;jzpfajrmufa&;aumfrwD aiGxdef;/ 1971 ckESpfwGif +rdK@OD;apwDukef;wHwkdif; jzpfajrmufa&; aumfrwD aiGxdef;tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? ukefonfvkyfief;jzifhtoufarG;onf? 1997 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (21) &ufae@xkwf tpdk;&ydkifowif;pmwGifazmfjyxm;csufudkudk;um;I ¶dkufwmowif;XmerS 21-8-97 &ufae@ owif;w&yfwGif ta,muf(40)ajrmufjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSE_wfxGufoljzpfa=umif; azmfjy cJhonf? 33? bkwvif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;[Homjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;[Homjrifhonf bkwvif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(16645)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(80²85)jzifhf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& - 118 -

onf? tz OD;odef;azjrifh(pma&;q&m/ uG,fvGef)/ trd a':cif=unf=unf(t+idrf;pm;/ &efukefwuUodkvf¶ly aA'Xme)wdk@rS 1948 ckESpf/ arv (7)&ufae@wGif &efukef+rdK@Y arG;zGm;cJhonf? zcif OD;odef;azjrifhrSm bkwvif+rdK@ Zmwdjzpf+yD;/ 1956 ckESpfrS 1960 jynfhESpftwGif; bkwvif+rdK@e,frJqENe,frS jynfol@v$wfawmftrwfjzpfcJh onf? OD;[Homjrifhonf 1953 ckESpfrS 1958 ckESpftxd &efukef+rdK@/ omoemh&dyfom&yfuGuf r[m"rRm¶Hk ausmif;0if;twGif;¶Sd jrLeDpDyg,frlvwef;ausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD; xdkausmif;rS(4)wef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1958 ckESpf/ ZGefvrS 1964 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dvtxd &efukefwuUodkvf ynma&;r[mXme/ avhusifha&; ausmif;wGif yOPrwef;rS wuUodkvf0ifwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1964 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmvrSpI &efukef pufr_wuUodkvfwGif v#yfppfqufoG,fa&;tif*sifeD,mbmom&yfudkoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1970 jynfhESpf/ =o*kwfv wGifaemufqHk;ESpfpmar;yGJatmifjrifI pufr_tif*sifeD,m(v#yfppfqufoG,fa&;)bJG@&cJhonf? tqdkygvwGifyif pmwdkufESifha=u;eef;XmewGif vufaxmuftif*sifeD,m oifwef;q&mtjzpf 0efxrf;b0pwifcJhonf? rGefjynf e,f/ u&ifjynfe,f/ weoFm&Dwdkif;wdk@wGif e,fydkifa=u;eef;0efaxmuftjzpfvnf;aumif;/ pDrHudef;tif*sifeD ,mtjzpfvnf;aumif;/ jynfe,frefae*smtjzpfvnf;aumif; armfv+rdKif/ ykodrf/ awmif}uD;/ &efukef+rdK@rsm; wGiftajcpdkufI jrefrmjynftESHtjym; vSnfhvnfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD;/ 1986 ckESpfrSpI 'kwd,}uD;=uyfr_ tif*sifeD,m(rdkuU¶dka0hzf)tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? EdkifiHwm0efxrf;aqmifpOfumvtwGif; qGD'ifEdkifiH/ udk&D;,m;orRwEdkifiH/ *syefEdkifiH/ pifumylorRwEdkifiHwdk@wGif u|rf;usifr_oifwef;rsm;ESifh vkyfief;cGifoifwef;rsm; wufa&mufcJhonf? 1986 ckESpf/ ZlvdkifvtwGif; xdkif;EdkifiH/ befaumuf+rdK@wGifusif;yaom tm¶SESifhypdzdwfa' oa=u;eef;qufoG,fa&;tzGJ@. pufr_qdkif&mtpnf;ta0;odk@ jrefrmEdkifiHudk,fpm;vS,[email protected]@acgif;aqmif tjzpfwufa&mufcJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ =o*kwfvESifh pufwifbmv jynfol@'Drdkua&pDv_yf¶Sm;r_}uD;wGif b0wl 0efxrf;rsm;ESifhtwl yg0ifv_yf¶Sm;cJhonf? 1988 ckESp/f atmufwdkbmvwGif wm0efrSt+idrf;pm;ay;jcif;cHcJh& onf? 1989 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&DvwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf yJcl;wdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;tzGJ@/ wdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª; (t&ef)tjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? yJcl;wdkif;(28)+rdK@e,ftESH@ pnf;¶Hk;a&;vkyfief;rsm;aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1989 ckESpf/ {+yDvwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dkukefoG,fpD;yGm;tzGJ@wGif tzGJ@0iftjzpfyg0ifcJhonf? 1996 ckESpf/ ZGefv (7)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSE_wfxGufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS a=unmcJhonf? 34? bkwvif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;cifarmifat;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifarmifat;onf bkwvif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(19733)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(76²22)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? tz OD;odef;/ trd a':pdef;&ifwdk@rS 1948 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (10)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? bkwvif+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;cifarmifat;onf 1953 ckESpfrS 1963 ckESpftxd bkwvif+rdK@ tpdk;&txuf wef;ausmif;wGifynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1963-64 ckESpfwGif rEWav;+rdK@ vSody`HtvGwfynmoifausmif;rS (10) wef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1964 ckESpfrS 1968 ckESpftxd rEWav; 0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfwGif wwd,ESpftxd ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1968-69 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfwGif pwkwˆESpfodk@ajymif;a¶$@ ynm oif=um;cJh+yD; xdkESpfwGifyif ody`H(owWaA')bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfrS 1974 ckESpftxd a¶$bdk+rdK@/ ig;vkyfief; OD;pD;XmewGif 0ifa&muftr_xrf;cJhonf? 1974-1975 ckESpfwGif rdbvufikwf udk,fydkifvkyfief;jzpfaom qDpuf vkyfief;vkyfudkif&ef0efxrf;b0rSE_wx f GufcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (5)&ufae@wGifuG,fvGefa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1992 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (28)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1031)jzifh xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? - 119 -

35? rHk¶Gm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;=unfpdk;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;=unfpkd;onf rHk¶Gm+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(49566)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(80²96)jzifhf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1935 ckESpf/ rwfv (14)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;[ef.om;jzpfonf? OD;=unfpdk;onf 1958 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…mbGGJ@&¶SdcJh+yD; 1959 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmfokd@0ifcJhonf? 1975 ckESpfwGif 'kwyf&if;r–;tqifhjzifh cv&(94)rS rdrdqENtavsmufE_wfxGufcJhonf? pdefr#m;pwkd;/ AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;vrff;/ bk&m;}uD;&yfuGuf/ rHk&Gm+rdK@wGifae onf? OD;=unfpkd;onf jrefrmwpfEkdifiHvHk;wGif ckdifvHkrJ 'kwd,trsm;qHk;&&Sdoljzpfonf? 2004 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (29)&ufae@wGif rHk¶Gm+rdK@aetdrfYuG,fvGefonf? 36? rHk&Gm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;apmatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;apmatmifonf rHk&Gm+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(47933)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(78²97)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? ajrmifòrd@e,f/ a&$yef;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;atmifcsdwf.om;jzpfonf? 1935 ckESpf/ arv (9)&ufae@ zGm;jzpfonf? OD;apmatmifonf acsmif;OD;+rdK@taemuf&yftpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ rHk&Gm+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef; ausmif;/ rEWav;aumvdyfESifh &efukefwuUodkvfwdk@wGif bDtufpfpDbGJ@&onftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1960 jynfhESpfrS 1968 ckESpftxd rHk&Gm+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif txufwef;jyq&mtjzpfESifh wm0ef xrf;aqmif&if; 0dZ…mESifh Oya'0dZ…mbJG@rsm; ajzqkdatmifjrifcJhonf? 1969 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd txuf wef;a&S@ae/ A[dkw&m;±Hk;a&S@ae/ w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aetjzpf vdkufygaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1985 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpf txd ygwDpdwftwGif;a&;r–;/ òrd@e,faumifpD0if(tcsdefydkif;)tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 37? rif;uif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;bdk/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;bkdonf rif;uif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf ,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(18435)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(55²37)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rif;uif;òrdd@ e,f/ tifyifvSaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;zdk;tkef;/ trd a':pdefat;wdk@rS 1927 ckESp/f Zlvdkifv (8)&uf =ae@ wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;bkdonf armufuawmfaus;&Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;aepOf 'kwd, urBmppf}uD;jzpfvmI pwkwˆwef;ESifhausmif;xGufcJh&onf? xdkrS rdbESifhtwlawmifolvkyfudkifcJhonf? 1952 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd opfvkyfief;/ qDpuf/ qefpuf/ puftydkypPnf;qkdifponfjzifh udk,fydkifvkyfief;rsm; vkyf udkifcJhonf? rif;uif;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif b¾ma&;r–;tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (16)&ufae@wGif uG,fvGefonf? 38? jrif;rl+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? - 120 -

OD;bmbm/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;bmbmonf jrif;rl+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(16477)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(73²08)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1933 ckESpf/ rwfv (1)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;[kwfpdfef.om;jzpfonf? OD;bmbmonf 1963 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfrS 0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1963 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd ynma&;0efxrf;tjzpf wm0efxrf; aqmifcJhonf? 39? jrif;rl+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;wifaiG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifaiGonf jrif;rl+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(16151)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(72²11)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? ppfudkif;òrd@e,f/ &GmaxmifZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;zdk;pdk;/ trd a':r#ifwdk@rS 1941 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (6)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;wifaiGonf jrif;rl+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif q,fwef;xdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1964 ckESpfwGif rdwˆDvm xGefpufarmif;oifwef;ausmif;wufcJhonf? 1965 ckESpfrS 1971 ckESpftxd pufr_ v,f,m0efxrf;/ 1971 ckESpfwGif tvkyfrSE_wfxGufI Edk@qDvkyfief;/ awmif,mvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1976 ckESpfwGif a':aX;=unfESifhvufxyfcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf) jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif oydwfaumfrwD 'kwd,OuUX tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? jrif;rl+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif òrd@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 40? ajrmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;0if;&Sdef/ woDyk*~v? OD;0if;&Sdefonf ajrmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif woDyk*~vtjzpf 0ifa&muf,OS f+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (9749)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(39²39)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? ajrmif+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;oef;az/ trd a':=unfwdk@rS 1948 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (25)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;0if;¶Sdefonf ajrmif +rdK@ e*g;¶Hkausmif;/ ajrmif+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ rEWav;+rdK@ &wemyHkESifhvSody`Hausmif;ESifh &efukef0dZ…mESifh ody`HwuUodkvfwdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ ody`H(ukefxkwf"mwkaA')bGJ@ &¶SdcJhonf? 1971-72 ckESpfwGif awmifolvkyfief;vkyfukdifcJhonf? 1972 ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd txufwef;jyausmif;q&m(ajrmif-ausmuf &pfwGJzuftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;)/ 1974 ckESpfwGif txufwef;jyq&mr a':cifrsdK;wifhESifhvufxyfcJhonf? 1975-76 ckESpfwGif ¶lyaA'q&m/ tm;opfenf;jy(rEWav;+rdK@)/ 1976-77 ckESpfwGif txufwef;jyq&m(a&p }udKycef;eD;i,f/ wGJzuftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;)/ 1977 ckEpS frS 1982 ckESpftxd enf;jycsKyf/ ajrmif OD;0if;¶Sdef enf;jy/ 1982 ckESpf/ {+yDvrS 1983 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifvtxd (16)v=umr# rEWav;tusOf;axmifwGif yk'fr 10(u) jzifh xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1983 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd usL¶Sifq&m/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf) jynfol@ 'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif +rdK@e,foydwfwyfcGJacgif;aqmif/ 1988-89 ckESpfwGif ajrmif+rdK@e,f trsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif ¶Hk;tkyfwm0efESifh +rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;wm0efcHtjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (2)&ufae@wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS EkwfxGufcJhonf? rlvu trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ - 121 -

csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI a¶G;aumufyGJwGif 0ifa&muf,SO+f ydKif&efjzpfaomfvnf; tzGJ@csKyf(A[dk)rS ,cif ynma&; 0ef}uD;Xme 'kwd,0ef}uD; ('kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;a[mif;) OD;atmifxGef;tm; ajrmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) twGuf udk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf owfrSwfcJhojzifh tzGJ@csKyfrSEkwfxGuf+yD; woD;yk*~vtjzpf 0ifa&muf,SOf +ydKifcJhjcif;jzpfonf? a¶G;aumufyGJwGif a':atmifqef;pk=unftm;axmufcHaom woD;yk*~vtjzpf a=unmcJh onf? rJqEN¶SifwOD;jzpfol a'gufwmausmfEdkifxGef;rS a¶G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mwifoGif;cJhojzifh cHk¶Hk;.=um;em ppfaq;r_cHcJh&onf? 41? ajrmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;rif;oGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;rif;oGifonf ajrmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(9941)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(41²07)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? wkduf}uD;òrd@e,f/ zvHkaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;yk/ trd a':wkwfwdk@rS 1952 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;rif;oGifonf zvHktpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ wdkuf}uD;+rdK@tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;wkd@wGif qXrwef; atmif onftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1940 jynfhESpfwGif bDtrfyD wyfodk@0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1942 ckESpfwGif ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bD-tkdif-at)wGifvnf;aumif;/ 1945 ckESpfwGif {&m0wDwkdif;wGifvnf;aumif; e,fcsJ@zufqpfwkd@udkwGef;vSefwkdufckdufcJhonf? xkdrS oeu(1)/ rdwˆDvm+rdK@odk@ 0ifa&mufcJhI 1946 ckESpfwGif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; vSnfhvnfpnf;±Hk;a[majym&mwGif Adkvfrif;vGif/ AdkvfxGef;vSwkd@ESifhtwl 1947 ckESpftxd AkdvfcsKyf.vHk+cHKa&;wm0efudkxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1947 ckESpfrS 1949 ckESpftxd aomif;usef;r_ESdrfESif;a&;wyf/ 1958 ckESpfwGif jynfapmifh&Jwyf&if;/ EkdifiHawmforRw.udk,f&HawmfwyfcJGr–;/ 1961 ckESpfwGif (10)wef;pmar; yGJukd jyifyrSajzqkdatmifjrifcJhonf? 1966 ckESpfwGif &Srf; oeu(1)/ ±dk;rppfqifa&;a&S@wef;wyfcJGr–;/ ppfa=umif; r–;/ AuyESifhwkdufyJGwGif ajcaxmufESpfzufpvHk;'%f&m&IjzwfawmufcJh&+yD; 1968 ckESpfwGif (aq;)t+idrf;pm; ,lcJhonf? 1975 ckESpfwGif awmifOuUvmyòrd@e,faumifpD0if/ 1980 jynfhESpfwGif vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if (wwd,qifh)&onf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf) jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif 0ef;okdòrd@e,fY yg0if cJhonf? ppfudkif;wkdif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif 'kwd,OuUX tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? 42? armfvdkuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;wifarmif0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifarmif0if;onf armfvkduf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(11249)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(63²69)jzihf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? armfvkdufòrd@e,f/ uif;wyfZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ndKOD;/ trd a':oef;=unfwdk@rS 1955 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (21)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;wifarmif0if;onf uif;vkduftpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ armfvdkuftpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;wkd@wGif q,fwef;atmifonftxdoif,lcJhonf? 1975 ckESpfrS 1980 jynfhESpftxd òrd@e,fukefoG,fa&;ESifh or0g,r pma&;0efxrf;/ 1980 jynfhESpfrS 1990 jynfhESpftxd a&'D,dkatmfya&wm oifwef;rsm;wuf+yD; udk,fydkif a&'D,kd/ uufqufðyjyifa&;vkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 43? ,if;rmyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?

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OD;Adkvfaomif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;Adkvfaomif;onf ,if;rmyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(15647)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(74²95)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? acsmif;OD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;&ef/ trd a':}uD;wdk@rS 1947 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (31)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm; cJhonf? OD;Adkvfaomif;onf ukwdk;ukef;&yftpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ acsmif;OD;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@ wGif ajccHynmoif,lcJh+yD; rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS 1973 ckESpfwGif ody`H(±lyaA')bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd ausmufarSmfwJGbuftpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;ESifhtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wkd@wGif wJGbuf tv,fwef;jyq&mESifh txufwef;jyq&mtjzpf vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbm vqef;wGif tdENd,EdkifiHodk‹ xGufcGmvmcJhonf? 44? ,if;rmyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;wifxGef;atmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifxGef;atmifonf ,if;rmyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(15390)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(72²33)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? 'dkufOD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;wif/ trd a':odfef;wifwkd@rS 1937 ckESpf/ arv (1)&ufae@wGifarG; zGm;cJhonf? OD;wifxGef;atmifonf &efukefwuUokdvfrS 0dZ…mbJG@/ owif;pmoifwef;ausmif;rS owif;pm 'DyvdkrmbJG@&cJhonf? jrefrmhtvif;owif;pmESifh jrefrmhowif;pOft*Fvdyf(EdkifiHjcm;) t,f'Dwmtjzpf ESpfaygif; (30)cef@aqmif&GufcJhonf? 'dkufOD;òrd@e,ftoif;(&efukef) wnfaxmifol OuUX/ 'kwd,OuUX/ twGif;a&;r–; tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? *sD'Dtmodk@ owif;pmavhvma&;c&D;oGm;cJhonf? 45? a&OD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;aX;armif (c) OD;oef;atmifaX;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;aX;armif(c)OD;oef;atmifaX;onf a&OD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHrJ(16190)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(71²26)jzifh a&G;cs,fwif ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? wef@qnfòrd@e,f/ acsmif;±dk;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;b&ef/ trd a':=unfarwkd@rS 1942 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (4)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;aX;armif(c)OD;oef;atmifaX;onf acsmif;±dk;tpdk;&rlv wef;ausmif;/ rEWav;pdef@yDwmtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ aròrd@pdef@tJvbwfausmif;wkd@wGif tajccHynm oif=um;cJh+yD;aemuf rEWav;aq;wuUodkvfrS 1971 ckESpfwGif q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1966 ckESpfwGif a':cif rm=unfESifhvufxyfcJhonf? 1977 ckESpfrS 1988 ckEpS ftxd a&OD;òrd@e,for0g,r wm0efcHq&m0ef/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf) jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif +rdK@e,f+idrf;csrf;om,ma&;ESifhvHkòcHa&;tzJG@ aiGxdrf; tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? a&OD;+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif OuUX tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? 46? a&OD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;0if;udk/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

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OD;0if;udkonf a&OD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(16304)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(66²44)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? a&OD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;oD0H/ trd a':jrwifwdk@rS 1945 ckESpf/ {+yDv (11)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;0if;udkonf a&OD;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSw(f 1)/ rEWav;wuUodkvfESifh ynma&;wuUodkvf(&efukef) wkdk@wGif ynma&;bJG@(bDtD;'D)&onftxdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1968 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd a&OD;+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)wGif txufwef;jyq&m/ oD0HonmpmykHESdyfpufvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 26-12-1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (26)&ufae@&ufpJGjzifh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJGusif;ya&; aumfr&SifrS OD;0if;udktm; a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&oltjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? a=unmcsuf wGif OD;0if;ukdonf pifòydiftpkd;&zJG@pnf;I EdkifiHawmfukdawmfvSefykefuef&efESifh vufeufpGJudkifawmfvSefykefuef aomaomif;usef;oltzJG@tpnf;rsm;ESifh qufoG,fylaygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;rsm;ðyvkyfcJhI a&G;aumufyJG@Oya'yk'fr (11)/ yk'frcJG(q)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&oltjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; azmfjyxm;onf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (18)&ufae@wGif rme,fyavmYzGJ@pnf;cJhonfh jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@ aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@wGif b¾ma&;ESifhtcGefawmf0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? jynfaxmifpkjrefrm EdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&wm0efrsm;udkxrf;aqmif&if; 1993 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (28)&ufae‹wGif w¶kwf EdkifiH/ ulrif;+rdK@¶Sd a[mfw,fwckwGif vkyf}uHowfjzwfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 47? a&$bdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? a'gufwmatmifbdk/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmatmifbkdonf a&$bdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkr(J 31270)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(60²78)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? a&$bdkòrd@e,f/ ausmufajrmif;Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;odef;wef/ trda':aomif;aomif;wk@drS 1952 ckESpf/ arv (7)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwmatmifbkdonf rEWav;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(14) ESifh tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(12)/ rEWav;aq;wuUodkfvfwdk@wGif q&m0efbJG@&onftxd ynmoif =um;cJhonf? udk,fydkifaq;ukcef;zGifhvSpftoufarG;onf? 1996 ckESpf/ ZGefv (7)&ufae@wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS a=unmcsuftrSwf(1264)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f tjzpfrSE_wfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? 48? a&$bdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;oef;xGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef;xGef;onf a&$bdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(36958)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(69²43)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? a&$bkd+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;btkef;/ trd a':=unfwdk@rS 1949 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (11)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm; cJhonf? OD;oef;xGef;onf a&$bdk+rdK@/ tdENm&yftpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ a&$bdkvSody`Hausmif;wkd@wGif q,fwef; atmifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhI 1973 ckESpfwGif &efukefpufr_wuUodkfvfrS tif*sifeD,mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1978 ckESpfwGif a':rlrlESifhvufxyfcJhonf? rdb±dk;&m a&$ta&mif;t0,fvkyfief;vkyfudkifonf? 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&DvtwGif; e0wrS zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;cJh+yD; a±$bdkaxmifYtusOf;cscH&um 1992 ckESpf/ arv (13)&ufae‹

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wGifaxmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (28)&ufae‹wGif jynfol‹v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf rSy,fzsufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 49? v[,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;cydk;udkifvHk/ em*awmifwef;a'owdk;wufa&;ygwD? OD;cydk;udkifvHkonf v[,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif em*awmifwef;a'owdk;wufa&;ygwDtm; udk,fpm; jyKI0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(4053)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(86²64)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1933 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (16)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;ygEGrf;.om;jzpfonf? OD;cydk;udkifvHkonf cEWD;tpdk;& rlvwef;ausmif;/ &efukefpHjytpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD; owWrwef;atmifjrifcJh onf? 1959-60 ESpfrsm;wGif y-x-p (oef@¶Sif; z-q-y-v tzGJ@)wGif c¶dkifpnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd cEWD;+rdK@e,f awmiftkyf/ 1989 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? em*awmifwef;a'owdk;wufa&;ygwD A[dk OuUX tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 50? av&SD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;a'G;aygh/ em*awmifwef;a'owdk;wufa&;ygwD? OD;a'G;ayghonf av&SD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif em*awmifwef;a'owdk;wufa&;ygwDtm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(3300)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(69²86)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? av ¶SD;+rdK@e,f/ qGrR&maus;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;wmvdkif;aygh/ trd a':umaomao;wdk@rS 1947 ckESpfwGifarG; zGm;cJhonf? OD;a'G;ayghonf qGrR&maus;¶Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ [oFmw+rdK@ u&ifESpfjcif;c&pf,mefomo emausmif;wdk@wGif tv,fwef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? xdk@aemuf tif;pdef+rdK@ ESpfjcif;"rR wuUodkvfwGif av;ESpfoifwef;wufa&mufatmifjrifcJhI em*awmifwef;a'o/ em*ESpfjcif;c&pf,meftzGJ@csKyf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;tjzpf (2)ESpf/ wefuGefem*,Ofaus;r_aumfrwD b¾ma&;rª;tjzpf (10)ESpf/ wefuGef em*tm;um OuUX tjzpfyg0ifaqmif¶GufcJhonf? awmif,mvkyfudkifonf? 51? 0ufvuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;xGef;+rdKif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGef;+rdKifonf 0ufvuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(23986)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(63²36)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? tz OD;cspfwkyf/ trd a':rdwdk@rS 1945 ckESpf/ arv (1)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;xGef;òrdifonf 1973 ckESpfwGif rEWav;wuUodkvfrS ody`H(ocsFm)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1973 ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd 0ufvuf+rdK@e,for 0g,r pma&;0efxrf;/ 1975 ckESpfrS 1981 ckESpftxd òrd@e,fvrf;pOfvli,fpnf;aumfrwD twGif;a&;r–;/ vl}uD; ykdif;ESifhvli,fydkif;pnf;±Hk;a&;ysufjym;atmif jyKvkyfonf[kpGJcsufwifcH&I 1981 ckESpfwGif twGif;a&;r–;wm0ef rS&yfqkdif;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1981 ckESpfrS 1988 ckEpS ftxd usL&Sifq&mtjzpfvkyfudkifcJhonf? 0ufvuf+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif twGif;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf?

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52? 0ufvuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? a':cifpef;v_dif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a':cifpef;v_difonf 0ufvuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdkifvHkrJ(29805)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(75²34)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? tz OD;a&G;/ trd a':av;wdk@rS 1956 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (16)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? 0uf vuf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? a':cifpef;v_difonf 0ufvuf+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS 1977 ckESpfwGif q,f wef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1979 ckESpfwGif 0ufvufòrd@e,for0g,rwGif 'kwd,pma&;/ wuUodkfvfpmay;pm,l oifwef;wufI 1982 ckESpfwGif Oya'bJG@(t,fvft,fvfbD)&¶SdcJhonf? 1985 ckESpfwGif òrd@e,for0g,rrS xGufI w&m;¶Hk;csKyfa&S@aetjzpfvkdufygaqmif&GufcJhonf? a':cifpef;v_difonf 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (29)&ufae@u tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)rSv$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fOD;bbGm;.aetdrfwGif usif;y ðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpkd;&v#dK@0SufzJG@pnf;a&;tpnf;ta0;odk@wufa&mufcJhI oufqdkif&mrSxdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh& onf? xdk@aemuf a':cifpef;v_diftm; jypfr_qdkif&mOya' yk'fr(122)(1)t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyJGOya' yk'fr(11)(n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufvkdufa=umif; ygwDpHk 'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sifu 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (18)&ufae@wGif a=unmcJh onf? aemifwGifjyKvkyfr!fha±G;aumufyGJrsm;wGifyg0if,SO+f ydKifcGifhudkvnf;ydwfyifcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ arv (4) &ufae‹wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 53? 0ef;odk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? a'gufwmatmifcif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmatmifcifonf 0ef;okd+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(14963)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(69²71)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? aumvif;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ausmf/ trd a':jrwfwdk@rS 1952 ckESpf/ arv (30)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJh onf? OD;atmifcifonf 1981 ckEpS fwGif rEWav;aq;wuUodkvfrS q&m0efbJG@(trfbDbDtufpf)&¶SdcJhonf? 1982 ckESpf rS 1985 ckESpftxd uef@bvlòrd@e,f/ csyfoif;aus;&Gm òrd@e,foraq;cef;q&m0eftjzpf aqmif¶Guf cJhonf? 1984 ckESpfwGif a':a0a0pddefESifhvufxyfcJhonf? 1986 ckESpfrSpI udk,fydkifaq;cef;zGifhvSpfvkyfudkif cJhonf? 1996 ckESpf/ ZGefv (21)&ufae@wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS a=unm csuftrSwf(1272)jzifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSE_wfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? 54? [krRvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;tkef;}udKif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tkef;}udifonf [krRvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ8684)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(41²88)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? [krRvif;+rdK@e,f/ armif;crf;&GmZwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bkd;tdk;.om;jzpfonf? 1926 ckESpf/ arv (28)&ufae@zGm; jzpfonf? OD;tkef;óudifonf 1953 ckESpfwGif armif;crf;&Gmtpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;rS owWrwef;atmifjrifcJh onf? 1953 ckESpfrS 1964 ckESpftxd armif;crf;tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;wGif rlvwef;jyausmif;q&m/ 1964 - 126 -

ckESpfrS 1983 ckESpftxd av&SD;òrd@e,f/ a,mygrD;tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ [krRvif;òrd@e,f/ rHrwftpdk;&rlvwef; ausmif;/ ava0,Htpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ zmzkwftpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ cEWD;+rdK@e,f/ pdefpGef;tpdk;&rlvwef; ausmif;wdk@wGif ausmif;tkyf/ 1983 ckESpfwGif vkyfoufjynfht+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG a¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 2000 jynfhESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (14)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1494) jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? 55? [krRvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;vSodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSodef;onf [krRvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(7068)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(43²02)jzihf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1934 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (14)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;om0.om;jzpfonf? OD;vSodef;onf uufomtpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;rS 1957 ckESpfwGif wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJhI aemifylatmif/ armif;crf;/ uufom aus;&Gmwkd@wGif tv,fwef;ausmif;tkyfxd tqifhqifhwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1966 ckESpfwGif vrf;pOfygwD 0if+yD;aemuf cEWD;òrd@e,fwGif ygwD,lepf OuUX/ nDvmcHudk,fpm;vS,f/ 1974 ckESpfwGif ygwD,lepfrsufESmpHknD tpnf;ta0;Y vrf;pOfygwDtwGif; 'Drkdua&pDqdwfokO;f vm+yD; A[dkOD;pD;pepfxGef;um;vmjcif;/ tm%m&Sif qefvmjcif;/ jynfolvlxk.qENESifhuif;uGmvmjcif; ponfhtcsufrsm;udkaxmufjy&m ygwD,lepf OuUX tjzpf rSE_wfxGufcJhI ygwDrSoef@pifjcif;cHcJh&onf? ,if;aemuf [krRvif;tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif tv,fwef; jyausmif;q&mtjzpf aqmif¶GufcJh+yD;aemuf t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? t+idrf;pm;,l+yD; awmifolvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJh onf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf) jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif OD;aqmifyg0ifcJhI acwWxdef;odrf; jcif;cHcJh&onf? a¶G;aumufyGJt+yD;wGif ,SOfòydifbufjzpfol OD;armifoGif(&Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf) rS a&G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mwifoGif;cJhojzifh =um;emppfaq;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG a¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 2000 jynfhESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (14)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1495) jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? 56? t&mawmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? a'gufwmaZmf0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmaZmf0if;onf t&mawmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(19787)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(78²78)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? tz OD;oef;armif/ trd a':aomif;cifwkd@rS 1952 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (28)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? a&$bdk+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? a'gufwmaZmf0if;onf 1979 ckESpfwGif rEWav;aq;uwuUodkvfrS q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJh onf? t&mawmfòrd@e,f/ awmuaus;&GmwGifaq;cef;zGifhvSpfI aus;vufq&m0eftjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1996 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (30)&ufae@wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS a=unmcsuftrSwf(1295)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? 57? t&mawmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;Av/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - 127 -

OD;Avonf t&mawmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(16305)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(78²41)jzifhf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? t&mawmf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1944 ckESpf/ ZGefv (25)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;cspfwif.om;jzpfonf? OD;Avonf e0rwef;atmifjrifonftxdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf) jynfol@'Drdkua& pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif vom+rdK@e,f oHaps;or*~ OuUX/ t&mawmf+rdK@e,ftoif; twGif;a&;r–;/ t&mawmf +rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD0ifwm0efrsm; ,lcJhonf? 58? tif;awmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;apmv_dif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;apmv_difonf tif;awmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(27598)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(78²56)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;eoefoD;/ trd a':&Dwkd@rS 1956 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (8)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;apmv_difonf 1974 ckESpfwGif tif;awmftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;(ody`H)udk ocsFmbmomESifh "mwkaA'bmom rsm;wGif*k%fxl;&¶Sd+yD; atmifjrifcJhonf? 1980 jynfhESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfpmay;pm,loifwef;rS 0dZ…mbJG@ ('\eduaA')udk rsufarSmuf'\e*k%fxl;jzifhatmifjrifcJhI r[m0dZ…m aemufqHk;ESpfoifwef;odk@wufa&muf cJhonf? 1982 ckESpfwGif tdyfcsf*sDyD(w&m;r*k%fxl;)/ 1987 ckESpfwGif tm&ft,fvf(ajr,m*k%fxl;)jzifh atmifjrifcJh+yD; w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aetjzpfvkdufygaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1976 ckESpf/ r_dif;&mjynfhESifhywfoufI axmif'%f(9)ESpfuscHcJh&onf? 1978 ckESpfwGif EdkifiHawmfaumifpDa=unmcsufjzifh t+yD;tjywfvGwfonf? wuUodkvfpmay;pm,loifwef;qif;/ tif;awmfvli,fa&;&mnausmif;wkd@wGif apwemq&mtjzpfaqmif&Guf cJhonf? OD;apmv_difonf 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (29)&ufae@u tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)rS jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrfwGifusif;yðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpkd;&v#dK@0SufzJG@pnf;a&; tpnf;ta0;ESifh 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (30)&ufae@u rEWav;taemufawmifòrde,f trsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf±Hk;wGifðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpdk;&zJG@pnf;a&;v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;odk@wufa&mufcJhI oufqdkif &mrS zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? jypfr_qdkif&mOya' yk'fr(122)(1)t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyJGOya' yk'fr(11)(n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufvkdufa=umif; ygwDpHk 'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (23)&ufae@wGif a=unmcJh onf? aemifwGifjyKvkyfr!fha±G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf;ydwfyifa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ arv (27)&ufae‹wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf? (6) weoFm&Dwdkif;? taemufbufwGif rGefjynfe,f/ ta¶S@bufESifh ta¶S@awmifbufwGif xdkif;EdkifiH/ taemufbufwGif uy`vDyifv,fjyifwdk@ESifh e,fedrdwfcsif; qufpyfvsuf¶Sdonf? weoFm&Dwdkif;wGif rJqENe,f(13)e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(7)cktm;udk,fpm;jyK,SOf+ydKifol v$wf awmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(45)OD;0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh=u&m trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(13)ae&mpvHk;a¶G; cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf? - 128 -

1? aumhaomif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;vSrif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSrif;onf aumhaomif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(8652)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(74²8)jzifhf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;atmifv_dif/ trd a':at;=unfwkd@rS 1939 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (11)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;vSrif;onf a&ausmftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;(&efukef)rS 1962 ckESpfwGif wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJhI 1966 ckESpfwGif pD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvfrS (B.Eco.)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1966-67 ckESpfwGif tvkyfoift&m&Sd(pDrHb¾m)/ 1967 ckESpf rS 1978 ckESpftxd òrd@e,fukefoG,fa&;refae*sm(oHawmif/ }uHcif;/ usHKaysmf/ ykodrf)/ xdk@aemufwm0efrS t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf weoFm&Dwkdif;wJGbufpnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? A[dk OD;pD;tzGJ@0if/ weoFm&Dwdkif;pnf;&Hk;a&;wm0efcH OD;vSrif;udk Oya'ESifhtnD a&S@aejzifhckcHacsycGifhray;bJ/ 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (u)jzifh axmif'%f(&)ESpfjypf'%fcsrSwfcJhonf// 2? u|ef;pk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;cifarmifOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifarmifOD;onf u|ef;pk+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;udk,fpm;jyKI 0if a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (13568)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(81²26)jzifhf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;bcif.om;jzpfonf? 1925 ckESpf/ rwfv (23)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? anmifOD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;cifarmif OD;onf anmifOD;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;ESifh a&eHacsmif;+rdK@ trsdK;om;txufwef;ausmif;wkd@wGif udk; wef;txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1942 ckESpfwGif tm&Svli,f apwemh0efxrf;wm0efcH/ 1943 ckESpfwGif ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf(bD'Dat)/ ysOf;rem;wGif0ifcJhonf? 1945 ckESpf/ *syefawmfvSefa&;wGif rsdK;cspfArmh wyfrawmf(yDbDtufzf) jrpf0u|ef;ay:wkdif;ESifhwkdif;(6) wyf=uyf}uD;/ 1946 ckESpfwGif anmifOD;òrd@e,f z-q-yv wJGzuftwGif;a&;r–;ESifh uGefjrLepfygwD twGif;a&;r–;/ xdkrS jynfol&JabmfXmecsKyf ±Hk;wm0eff/ 1947 ckESpfwGif wyfpkr–;/ aomif;usef;r_ESdrfESif;a&;wyf/ 1948 ckESpfrS 1962 ckESpftxd jynfaxmifpkppf&J wyfcJGr–;/ wyf&if;r–;/ 1962 ckESpfwGif Armhwyfrawmfokd@toGiful;ajymif;I wyf&if;r–;(Adkvfr–;tqifh)jzifh 1970 jynfhESpftxd/ 1970 jynfhESpfwGif Adkvfrª;tqifhjzifh pufr_0ef}uD;Xmeodk@ajymif;a¶$@I 1982 ckESpftxd pufr_0ef}uD;Xme puf±Hkr–;/ !ïef=um;a&;r–;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1982 ckESpfwGif oufjynfhyifpif,lcJhonf? vGwfvyfa&; armfuGef;0if('kwd,qifh)/ yxrESifhpwkwˆt}udrf ygwDnDvmcHudk,fpm;vS,/f wyfwGif;ynmay; twGif;a&;r–; wm0efwkd@udkaqmif&GufcJhonf? rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@ A[dkaumfrwD0if/ wyfr–;a[mif;rsm; (85)OD;tzJG@ 0iftjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? 3? weoFm&D+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;0if;OD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

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OD;0if;OD;onf weoFm&D+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(8542)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(89²36)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;odef;/ trd a':oef;a&$wkd@rS 1962 ckESpf/ atmufwb dk mv (30)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? weoFm&D+rdK@Zmwd jzpfonf? OD;0if;OD;onf rlvwef;rSq,fwef;txd weoFm&D+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif ynmoif=um; cJhonf? 1983 ckESpfwGif Adkvfwaxmifòrd@e,f(&efukefwkdif;)rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1987 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS jrefrmpmt"dujzifh 0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 4? xm;0,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;pdk;!Gef@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pkd;!Gef@onf xm;0,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(17059)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(84²83)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;=uifaz/ trd a':pkwkd@rS 1933 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (12)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? ykavm+rdK@Zmwdjzpf onf? OD;pkd;!Gef@onf q,fwef;udkxm;0,ftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS 1954 ckESpfwGifvnf;aumif;/ bDtuffpfpDbJG@udk &efukefwuUodkvfrS 1959 ckESpfwGifvnf;aumif; atmifjrifcJhonf? 1957-58 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvf xm;0,fc±dkiftoif; twGif;a&;r–;/ 1959 ckESpfrS 1968 txd txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ tif[,fZ,fwdkiftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;(xm;0,f)ESifh ykavmtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ 1969 ckESpfwGif ynma&;wuUodkvfrS ynma&;'DyvdkrmbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1963 ckESpfrS 1977 ckESpftxd ausmif;tkyf}uD;/ armif;r ueftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;ESifh =uufpmjyiftpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ 1977 ckESpfwGift+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1977 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd ocsFmusL&Sifq&m/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf weoFm&Dwkdif; pnf;¶Hk;a&; tzJG@0iftjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (10)&ufae@wGif uG,fvGefa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (14)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf (976)jzifh xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? 5? xm;0,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;rsdK;atmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;rsdK;atmifonf xm;0,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkr(J 17906)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(86²69)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? tz OD;btkd/ trd a':apmcifwkd@rS 1929 ckESpf/ rwfv (20)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;onfh e0rajrmufom; jzpfonf? xm;0,f+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;rsKd;atmifonf xm;0,f+rdK@OD;+ydK&ifausmif;/ trdsK;om;ausmif;ESifh xm;0,ftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ ausmif;om;oHr%dwyfwGifyg0ifcJhonf? Armh umuG,fa&;wyfrawmfwGif wyfom;tjzpfpwif0ifa&mufcJh&mrS zufqpfawmfvSefa&;wGif rsdK;cspfwyfrawmfY wkdif;(5)wGif 'kwd,Adkvf/ 'kwd,urBmppft+yD; &efukefwuUokdvf bDtdkpDaumvdyfokd@ wufa&mufynm oif=um;cJhonf? 'kwd,ESpftif*sief D,moifwef;rqHk;rD wyfrawmfwGif wyfom;tjzpf0ifa&mufcJhonf? Adkvfavmif;oifwef; 'kwd,ywfqif; (=unf;-5608) 'kwd,Adkvftjzpf trSwf(1)cv&ESifh trSwf(2)oeu/ Adkvfr–;tjzpf trSwf(17)cv& (e,fjcm;a'otkyfcsKyfa&;)/ 1975 ckESpfwGif vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if('kwd, qifh)&onf? 1963-64 ckESpfwGif tar&duefjynfaxmifpk uGyfuJr_ESifhppfOD;pD;wuUodkvfodk@wufa&muf atmifjrifcJhonf? 1967 ckESpfwGif ta&S@tv,fydkif;ppfyJG ukvor*~typftcwf&yfpJr_}uD;=uyfa&;tzJG@/ jrefrm - 130 -

ppftuJcwfrpf&SiftzJG@acgif;aqmiftjzpf udkif±kdifESifha*s±kqvifwdk@odk@oGm;a&mufcJhonf? xdkrS trSwf(106) cr& wyf&if;r–;/ EkdifiHawmfumuG,fa&;enf;jyr–;/ 'kwd,Adkvfr–;}uD;/ Adkvfr–;}uD;tjzpf tv,fydkif;wdkif;ppfXme csKyf wkdif;OD;pD;csKyf/ &efukefòrd@awmfpnfyifom,ma&;tzJG@ rif;}uD;ESifhòrd@awmf0ef/ 1970 jynfhESpf/ AefaumufoGm; tm&Stm;upm;yGJawmf jrefrmtm;upm;tzJG@acgif;aqmif/ 1964 ckESpfrS 1977 ckESpfwGif vrf;pOfygwDA[dk a&;&maumffrwD0if/ trSwf(88)ajcjrefwyfrXmecsKyf wyfrr–;/ &efukefwdkif;ppfXmecsKyf wkdif;r–;/ EkdifiHawmf umuG,fa&;wuUodkvf ausmif;tkyf}uD;/ 1976 ckESpfwGif Adkvfr–;}uD;tqifhjzifh wyfrawmfrSt+idrf;pm;,lcJh onf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif; rsm;tzJG@ A[dkOD;pD;tzJG@0if/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf weoFm&Dwkdif;pnf;±Hk;a&;wm0efcHESifh A[kdOD;pD;tzJG@0if tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD OuUX &JabmfAodef;wif. nDt&if;jzpfonf? 1976 ckESpfY jzpfyGm;cJho!fh Adkvf}uD;tkef;ausmfjrifh. EdkifiHawmfykefuefr_Y yg0ifywfoufcJhonf[k rqv tpdk;&.pGyfpGJcsuf a=umifh Adkvfrª;}uD;b0jzifht+idrf;pm;ay;cHcJh&jcif;jzpfonf? a±G;aumufyGJt+yD;wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ‹csKyf . 1990 jy!fhESpf/ Zlvdkifv(28)&ufae‹rS(29)&uftxdjyKvkyfo!fh *EDNqHk;jzwfcsuftwdkif; e0wu v$wfawmf ac:ray;v#if aqmif±Guf&efvdko!fh enf;vrf;oHk;oG,fpmwrf;jyKpk&mYyg0ifcJhr_a=umifh[k ta=umif;jyum 1950 jy!fhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr (5)(n)jzifh e0w ppftpdk;&u 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (24) &ufae‹wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa±G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr±Sifu 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (10)&ufae‹wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(984)jzifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,f zsufcJhonf? aemif(10)ESpftwGif;jyKvkyfr!fha±G;aumufyGJrsm;Yyg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf;ydwfyifcJhonf? ppftpdk; &.zdtm;ay;r_a=umifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ‹csKyfESifhrsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ‹u OD;rsdK;atmiftm;ygwD0if tjzpfrSxkwfy,fay;cJh&onf? 1992 ckESpf/ {+yDv (25)&ufae‹wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 6? ykavm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;=unfa&$/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;=unfa&$onf ykavm+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf ,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(22088)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(88²48)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? ykavm+rdK@e,f/ rvdaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1937 ckESpf/ rwfv (7)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;+idrf;.om;jzpfonf? OD;=unfa&$onf q&m}uD;OD;zdk;csHKausmif;(ykavm)/ ykavm+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ armfv+rdKif+rdK@ atmif ody`H tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1966 ckESpfwGiftdrfaxmifjyKcJh onf? ykavmESifharmfvòrdifokd@ ukefwifpufavSvkyfief;vkyfudkifonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@ 'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif òrd@rdòrd@zrsm;zJG@pnf;cJhaom òrd@rat;csrf;om,ma&;tzJG@Y 'kwd,acgif;aqmif tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 7? bkwfjyif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;tkef;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tkef;jrifhonf bkwfjyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(4641)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(74²24)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1934 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (7)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;odef;wif.om;jzpfonf? OD;tkef;jrifhonf 1955 ckESpfrS 1971 ckESpftxd +rdwfðrd@e,fynma&;XmewGif rlvwef;jyausmif;q&m/ atmufwef;pma&;ESifh - 131 -

avmif;vHkòrd@e,fynma&;r–;/ txufwef;pma&;/ 1971 ckESpf/ ZGefv (1)&ufae@rS 1988 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (20) &ufae@txd vrf;pOfygwD +rdwfta&S@òrd@e,f ygwD,lepfESifh bkwfjyif;òrd@e,fygwD,lepfwkd@wGif aumfrwD0if/ ygwD,lepf twGif;a&;r–;/ ,lepf pnf;OuUX/ ,lepf OuUX/ wwd,ESifhpwkwˆoufwrf;wGif bkwfjyif;+rdK@e,f v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f/ 1988 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (20)&ufae@wGif ygwDwm0efrS&yfpJjcif;cH&onf? bkwfjyif; òrd@e,f trsdL;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGifpnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? OD;tkef;jrifhonf usef;rma&;tajctae a=umifh v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS E_wfxGufcGifhðyyg&ef wifjyvmojzifh EkwfxGufcGifhjyKcJha=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (27)&ufae@u a=unm cJhonf? 8? +rdwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;ausmf&Sdef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmf&Sdefonf +rdwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(19256)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(85²69)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? +rdfwf+rdK@/ jrpfi,f&yfZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;usifarmif/ trd a':*if0gwdk@rS 1952 ckESpf/ rwfv (10)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;ausmf&Sdefonf arG;csif;oHk;a,muf&Sdonfhteuf'kwd,ajrmufom;jzpfonf? 1968 ckESpfwGif +rdwf+rdK@/ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)rS q,fwef;pmar;yJGudk "mwkaA'*k%fxl;jzifhatmifjrifcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfwGif òrd@jytif*sifeD,mbJG@udk &efukefpufr_wuUodkvfrS&¶SdcJhonf? bJG@&+yD;aemuf rdbvkyfief; a&$ ta&mif;t0,fvkyfudkifcJhonf? 1980 jynfhESpfwGif a':cifrm&DESifhvufxyfcJhonf? 9? +rdwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;Om%fat;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;Om%fat;onf +rdwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(17101)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(79²84)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;&Sdef/ trd a':usifv_difwdk@rS 1955 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (21)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? rtlyifòrd@e,f/ ukuUdKpk¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;Om%fat;onf ukuUdKpk&Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ av;tdrfpktpdk;&txufwef; ausmif;(rtlyif)/ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;(prf;acsmif;)wkd@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh&m 1970 jynfhESpfwGif q,f wef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1971 ckESpfwGif pD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvfodk@wufa&mufonff? 1975 ckESpf/ ZGefv (5)&uf ae@wGifjzpfay:cJhaom taxGaxGoydwfwkdufyGJwGifyg0ifcJhonf? pD;yGma&;wuUodkvfausmif;om;b0 1975 ckESpf/ ZGefv (11)&ufae@wGif xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; 1977 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (2)&ufae@wGifjyefvGwfonf? aemufqHk;ESpfpmar;yGJudkjyifyausmif;om;tjzpfajzqkdcGifh&I (bDuGef;)bJG@&cJhonf? ukefonfvkyfief;jzifhtouf arG;onf? 10? a&jzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;wdk;ydk/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

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ODwkd;ydkonf a&jzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf +ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(13021)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(87²16)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? ykavm+rdK@Zmwd jzpfonf? 1939 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (17)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;azcspf.om;jzpfonf? OD;wkd;ydkonf Oypm ody`H(c)atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1964 ckESpfrS 1981 ckESpftxd wyfrawmfwGif Adkvf}uD; tqifhtxd wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhpOf ajrmufydkif;wdkif;ppfXmecsKyfe,fajr ppfqifa&;wpfckwGif rdkif;xd'%f&m&cJh onf? xdk@aemuf wyfrawmfrS pufr_(1)0ef}uD;Xmeodk@ ajymif;a&$@wm0efay;jcif;cH&onf? wm;0,fwGif (5)ESpf/ yJcl;wGif (2)ESpf wkdif;OD;pD;r–;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk umvwGif pufr_(1)0ef}uD;Xme tvkyform;or*~ em,utzJG@0if/ a'oEW&pufr_vufr_!ìef=um;a&;OD;pD; XmewGif 'kwd, OuUXtjzpfyg0ifv_yf&Sm;cJhonf? qENjy&mwGif pufr_(1)OD;pD;Xmeudk OD;aqmifcsDwufcJhonf? xdk@a=umifh 'kwd,!ìef=um;a&;r–;&mxl;rSyifpifay;I tvkyfrSE_wfxGufcJh&onf? 11? avmif;vHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;vSaz/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSazonf avmif;vHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(17241)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(87²9)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1929 ckESpf/ arv (10)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;[email protected];jzpfonf? OD;vSazonf 1936 ckESpfrS 1942 ckESpftxd rEWav;ae&Sife,fausmif;wGif (7)wef;atmif/ xkdrS 1945-46 ckESpfwGif q,fwef;/ 1946 ckESpfrS 1949 ckESpftxd &efukefwuUokdvf bDtdkpDaumvdyf 'kwd,ESpf bDtufpfpDtif*sifeD,m(e,l;udk@pf)txd/ 1950 jynfhESpfrS 1965 ckESpftxd (=unf;-5796) 'kwd,AkdvfrS Adkvfr–;tqifhjzifh (jynfrESifh&Srf;jynf ajcvsif wyf&if;ausmif;) 1965-66 ckESpfwGif tkd;tdrf/ twGif;0ef±Hk; ('kOuUX) wGJbuftwGif;0ef/ 1966 ckESpfrS 1971 ckESpftxd Akdvfr–;rS 'kwd,Adkvfr–;}uD;/ &efukef ywf0ef;&if;r–; OD;pD;(y)/ 1971 ckESpfrS 1976 ckESpftxd 'kwd, Adkvfr–;}uD;/ Adkvfr–;}uD;/ 'kwyfrr–;/ 'kr[mAsL[mr–;/ wyfrr–;/ wkdif;r–;(ta¶S@ydkif;wdkif;ppfXmecsKyf)(vm;&_d;/ rwˆDvm/ jrpf}uD;em;)/ 1964 ckESpfrS 1976 ckESpftxd ygwDA[kad umfrwD0iftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1976 ckESpfwGif jzpfyGm;cJho!fh Adkvf}uD;tkef;ausmfjrifh. EdkifiHawmfykefuefr_wGifyg0ifywfoufcJhonf[k rqv ppftpdk;&u pGyfpGJum EdkifiHawmfykefuefr_ yk'fr(122)t& axmif'%f(10)ESpfESifh rqv ygwDtm;qef‹usifr_ESifh axmif'%f (10)ESpf/ pkpkaygif; tvkyf=urf;ESifhaxmif'%ftESpf(20)csrSwfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1981 ckESpfwGif vGwf+idrf;csrf;om cGifhjzifhjyefvGwfcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD; +yD;onfhaemuf rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ‹wGif A[dkODpD;tzGJ‹0ifESifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ‹csKyfwGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmif tzGJ‹0iftjzpfaqmif±Guf&if; e0w ppftpdk;&u 1992 ckESpfwGif 1950 jy!fhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr (5)(n)jzifh w&m;pGJqdkIaxmif'%fcsrSwfcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa±G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr±Sif u 1992 ckESpf/ {+yDv (9)&ufae‹wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1016)xkwfjyefI v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,fzsufcJhonf? aemif(10)ESpftwGif;jyKvkyfr!fh a±G;aumufyGJrsm;Yyg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf? 12? avmif;vHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;csdef[if/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;csdef[ifonf avmif;vHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(14667)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(81²41)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& - 133 -

onf? tz OD;Om%fv_dif/ trd a':usifyGm;wdk@rS 1941 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (22)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? avmif;vHkòrd@e,f/ jyifacsmifaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;csdef[ifonf rlvwef;/ tv,fwef;/ txufwef;ynm rsm;udk xm;0,f+rdK@wGifoif=um;cJh+yD; 1964-65 ckESpfwGif &efukew f uUodkvfrS0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1966 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmfAkdvfoifwef;trSwfpOf(36)odk@ wufa&mufcJh+yD; 'kwd,Akdvf/ Adkfvf/ Adkvf}uD;tqifhwkd@jzifh wm0ef xrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1988 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmfrSt+idrf;pm;,lcJh+yD;/ &efukef+rdK@wGif ta&mif;t0,fvkyfief; vkyf udkifcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf weoFm&Dwdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;tzJG@0if tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? 13? o&ufacsmif;+rdK@e,f? OD;wifjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifjrifhonf o&ufacsmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(15522)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(91²1)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? avmif;vHk+rdK@e,f/ u'uf}uD;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pHb/ trd a':cspfarwkd@rS 1932 ckESpf/ arv (30) &ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;wifjrifhonf 1938 ckESpfrS 1947 ckESpftwGif; u'uf}uD;tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif; ESifh atmufa&jzL&Gmtpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;wkd@wGif owWrwef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1947-48 ckESpfwGif u'uf}uD;aus;&Gm or0g,rqdkifwm0efcH/ 1948-49 ckESpfwGif wyfom;/ ppf0efxrf; xm;0,f/ 1949 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd wyfom;/ 'kwyf=uyf/ wyf=uyf/ wyf=uyf}uD;/ t&mcHAdkvf/ 'kAkdvf/ Akdvf/ Adkvf}uD;/ wyfa&;Adkvf}uD;tqifhxdwyfrawmfwGifwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1985 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmfrSouf jynfhyifpifjzifht+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1981 ckESpfrS 1987 ckESpftxd o&ufacsmif;òrd@e,fjynfol@aumifpD OuUX OD;wifjrifhonf wpfEkdifiHvkHwGifa&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&aom trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf v$wfawmfudk,f pm;vS,f(392)OD;wGif rJ&mcdkifE_ef;trsm;qHk;jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&oljzpfonf? 1991 ckESpf/ pufwif bmv (27)&ufae@wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS rdrdqENtavsmuf usef;rma&;raumif;ojzifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSE_wfxGufcGifhjyK&efwifjyvmojzifh OD;wifjrifhtm; jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS E_wfxGufcGifhðya=umif; a=unmcsuftrSwf(969)jzifh a=unmcJhonf? (7) yJcl;wdkif;? ajrmufbufwGif rEWav;wdkif;ESifh rauG;wdkif;/ taemufbufwGif &cdkifjynfe,fESifh {&m0wDwdkif;/ awmifbufwGif &efukefwdkif;/ ta¶S@bufwGif u&ifjynfe,fESifh rGefjynfe,fwdk@wnf¶Sdonf? yJcl;wdkif;wGif +rdK@e,f(28)+rdK@e,f¶Sd rJqENe,f(51)e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(26)cktm;udk,fpm;jyK ,SOf+ydKifolv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(241)OD;/ woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(12)OD;/ pkpk aygif; (255)OD;0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh=u&m trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(47)ae&m/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwDrS (3)ae&m ESifh wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDrS(1)ae&m/ toD;oD;a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf? 1? u0jrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? a'gufwmrsdK;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

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a'gufwmrsKd;0if;onf u0+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(22774)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(67²65)jziffh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? u0+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;csKd/ trd a':wif!Gef@wdk@rS 1955 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (13)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm; cJhonf? a'gufwmrsKd;0if;onf u0+rdK@ &Gmopftpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ u0òrd@rtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ yJcl;+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(3) (,ciftrsdK;om;ausmif;)wkd@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ q&m0efbJG@ udk rEWav;aq;wuUodkvfrS 1981 ckESpfwGif&¶SdcJhonf? 1982 ckESpfrSpI ‘o&zl’ukd,fydkifaq;cef;zGifhvSpfcJh onf? 1978 ckESpfwGif a':eDvmatmifESifhvufxyfI om;orD;(3)OD;xGef;um;onf? 1988 ckESpf/ 'Drdkua&pD ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifv_yf¶Sm;cJhonf? u0+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif OuUX tjzpfwm0ef,lcJh onf? 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (6)&ufae@wGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif ac:,lxdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD;/ 2001 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (6)&ufae@wGif jyefv$wfay;cJhonf? 2004 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (20)&ufae@wGif xdkif;-jrefrm e,fpyf vGwfajrmufe,fajrwae&modk@a&muf¶SdcJhonf? 2? u0+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;jrav;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrav;(ocifjrav;-a¶$usif)onf u0+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(23547)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²13)jzifhf a&G;cs,fwif ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1922 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (15)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;yef;òrdif.om;jzpfonf? OD;jrav;onf t*Fvdyf-jrefrm q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhI 1938 ckESpfwGif 'dk@Armtpnf;t±Hk;0if ocif jrav;jzpfvmcJhonf? 1942 ckESpf/ e,fcsJ@awmfvSefa&;wGif &JabmfoHk;usdyf0ifAkdvfapmatmif/ AdkvfZifa,mf wdk@wyfESifhtwl a&$usifudkwkdufcJhonf? 1943 ckESpfwGif a&$usifòrd@e,f 'HkZ&yf tm&Svli,f OuUX/ 1945 ckESpf wGif ocifZifwdk@ESifhtwl wkdif;av;wdkif;wGif anmifav;yif 'dkufOD;e,fajr awmfvSefa&;wm0ef/ 1946-47 ckESpfwGif anmifav;yifòrd@e,f z-q-y-v twGif;a&;r–;/ 1947 ckESpfwGif z-q-y-v [email protected] ay;csuft& AD,uferfajymufusm;rsm;ESifhqufoG,f&ef AD,uferff/ avm/ xkdif;EkdifiHrsm;okd@oGm;a&mufcJhonf? 1951 ckESpfwGif bk&ifhaemifppfqifa&;twGuf xkdif;EdkifiHokd@oGm;a&mufcJhonf? 1955 ckESpfwGif w±kwfjynf oGm;tvkyform;rpf&Sif udk,fpm;vS,f/ 1958 ckESpfwGif eDaygEdkifiH/ tm&Sqkd&S,fvpfnDvmcH udk,fpm;vS,f/ 1965 ckESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd ukef;vrf;o,f,lydk@aqmifa&;tzGJ@(u-v-o-z) vufaxmufreffae*sm/ 1982 ckESpfwGift+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if('kwd,qifh)&onf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0iftjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1995 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (15)&ufae‹wGifuG,fvGefonf? 3? ausmufwHcg;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;vSOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSOD;onf ausmufwHcg;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(17236)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(62²15)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? tz OD;vS}uD;/ trd a':=unf=unfwkd@rS 1951 ckESpf/ {+yDv (6)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;vSOD;onf awmifil+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)wGif q,fweff;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifygcJhI tkd;tdrfOD;pD;Xme taqmifr–;wm0efrS E_wfxGufcJh& onf? u&iftrsdK;om;tpnf;t¶Hk;(autifef,l) rme,fyavmpcef;odk@oGm;a&muf+yD; aomif;usef;olrsm;ESifh - 135 -

yl;aygif;vsuf&Sda=umif; ppfaq;ay:aygufojzifh 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (u)(c)(n)/ jypfr_qkdfif&musifhxHk;Oya' yk'fr (512)t& A[ef;òrd@e,fw&m;±Hk;wGifw&m;pGJqdkxm;+yD;/ w&m;cHajy;tjzpf a=unmxm;cJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f tjzpfrS 1991 ckESpf/ {+yDv (30)&ufae@wGify,fzsufcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ {+yDv (25)&ufae‹wGif jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@ jyifqifwdk;cs@J zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg tvkyform;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;jzpf vmcJhonf? 1995 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (21)&ufae@wGif qGD'ifEdkifiH/ AGefrm;pApfY jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om; !Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;csdeftxd tvkyform;0ef}uD;tjzpfaqmif±GufcJhonf? 4? ausmufwHcg;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;armifarmif}uD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifarmif}uD;onf ausmufwHcg;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(1991)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(64²2)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh &onf? 1934 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (19)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;&ef}uD;atmif.om;jzpfonf? OD;armifarmif}uD; onf '\rwef;xdynmoif=um;cJhI ausmif;om;b0wGif or*~ESifhjynfaxmifpkvli,f twGif;a&;r–;/ 1958 ckESpfrS 1962 ckESpftxd oef@&Sif; z-q-y-v wGJrª;/ awmfvSefa&;aumifpDacwfwGif jynfcspfwyfzGJ@wGif(2) ESpfcef@awmckdcJh+yD; tvif;jyef0ifcJhonf? ,if;aemuf udk,fykdifvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? ausmufwHcg;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf òrd@e,f OuUX wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (8)&ufae@wGifuG,fvGefa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (15)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf (912)jzifh xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? 5? }udK@yifaumuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;at;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;at;jrifhonf }udK@yifaumuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(12739)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(60²43)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? 1931 ckESpf/ {+yDv (20)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? }udK@yifaumuf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;vSarmif.om;jzpfonf? OD;at;jrihfonf óud@yifaumuf q&m}uD;aqGausmif;/ trsdK;om;wef;jrifhausmif; wdk@wGif tajccHynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1953 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…mbJG@/ 1969 ckESpfwGif Oya'0dZ…mbJG@wkd@udk &efukef wuUokdvfrS&¶SdcJhonf? txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ tv,fwef;jyausmif;tkyf/ ypPnf;0,f,la&;tzJG@ vuf axmuf!$ef=um;a&;r–;/ jrefrmhtvif;owif;pm bmomjyeft,f'Dwm/ jynfol@opPmowif;pmudk udk,fykdif xkwfa0cJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1998 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (1)&uf ae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1394)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJh onf? 6? }udK@yifaumuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;at;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - 136 -

OD;at;onf óud@yifaumuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(11008)rJ/ pkkpkaygi;f rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(55²44)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? tz OD;btkef;/ trd a':a&$pkwkd@rS 1924 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (12)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;onf? óud@yifaumuf +rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;at;onf tm&fpDtrfausmif;/ trsKd;om;txufwef;ausmif;/ &efukefwuUodkvfwdk@wGif Oypmtxufwef;txdynmoif,l=um;cJhonf? (uG,fvGefoltrsKd;om;acgif;aqmif}uD;) ocifjr v$wfawmf trwfjyefvnf&&Sda&;ESifhrJtEdkif&&Sda&;wdk@twGuf &JabmfoHk;usdyf0ifAkdvfrif;acgif(ocifapmvGif)/ ocifpkd;rif; (óudyifaumuf)wkd@ESifhtwl aqmif&GufcJhonf? ausmif;om;b0wGif oHr%dwyfzJG@ESifh 'kd@Armtpnf;t±Hk;0if/ ausmif;om;or*~ OuUX/ 1300 jynfh/ ta&;awmfyHkwGif tpmiwfcHqENjycJhonf? rif;vSoydwfwm;qD;a&; wGifyg0ifI ausmif;xkwfcHcJh&onf? e,fcsJ@qef@usifa&; ajratmufawmfvSefa&;tzJG@0if/ e,fcsJ@t*Fvdyftm; 'kwd,urBmppftwGuf ppfp&dwfaxmufyHh&efðyvkyfaom tm0ga';avmif;upm;0dkif;rsm;udk rD;±_d@zsufqD;cJhonf? xkd@jyif óud@yifaumuf*gwfudkodrf;,l&mwGif yg0ifcJhonf? *syefawmfvSefa&;wGif Akdvf}uD;cspfòrdif(,cif awmfvSefa&;aumifpD0if)wkd@ESifhtwl wyf&if;(107) rif;vSpnfolwyfESifhtwl wdkufyJG0ifcJhonf? 1949 ckESpf 0ufaumfwdkufyGJacgif;aqmif/ 1953 ckESpfrS 1956 ckESpftxd z-q-y-v tpdk;&u v,form;rsm;udkESdyfpuf onfhtwGuf y-r-n-w xJodk@0ifI z-q-y-v Adkvfrif;acgifESifh,SOfòydifvsuf v$wfawmftrwfta&G;cHcJh onf? r=umc% zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk }uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 7? ausmuf}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;xGef;OD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGef;OD;onf ausmuf}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(14461)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(71²09)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? ausmuf}uD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;armifusif/ trd a':pef;&ifwkd@rS 1957 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (9)&ufae@ wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;xGef;OD;onf &efukefpufr_wuUokdvfrS 1979 ckESpfwGif tif*sifeD,m(òrd@jy)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1988 ckESpftxd aqmufvkyfa&;aumfydka&;¶Sif;wGif vufaxmuftif*sifeD,m/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif ausmuf}uD;òrd@e,f ta&;awmfyHkOuUX/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (26)&ufae@wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&oltjzpfrS y,fzsuf a=umif;a=unmcJhonf? a=unmcsufwGif OD;xGef;OD;onf pOfòydiftpdk;&zJG@pnf;I EkdifiHawmfudkawmfvSefykefuef &efESihf vufeufpGJudkifawmfvSefykefuefaeaomaomif;usef;oltzJG@tpnf;rsm;ESifh qufoG,fyl;aygif;aqmif&Guf jcif;rsm;ðyvkyfcJhI a&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr(11)/ yk'frcJG(q)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHxm;&ol tjzpfrSy,fzsufzsufa=umif;azmfjyxm;onf? xkd@jyif w&m;cHajy;tjzpf A[ef;òrd@e,fw&m;±Hk;rS a=unmxm; cJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (18)&ufae@wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;& pwif zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg/ tvkyform;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;ESifh vlr_0efxrf;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ {+yDv (25)&ufae@wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;& jyifqifwdk;csJ@zGJ@pnf; onfhtcg vlr_0efxrf;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;tjzpf 1995 ckEpS f/ Zlvdkifv (21)&ufae@ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH trsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;& jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;csdeftxd aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 8? ZD;ukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? - 137 -

OD;pHwif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pHwifonf ZD;ukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf ,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(15992)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(56²79)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rkd;ndòrd@e,f/ rif;}uD;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1934 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;tkef;armif.om;jzpfonf? OD;pHwifonf owWr wef;atmifjrifonftxd a&uif;wGJzuftpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;cJhonf? xkwfvkyfESifh pm;oHk; or0g,r twGif;a&;r–;/ vufum; or0g,r udk,fpm;vS,f/ z-q-y-v/ A-w-v-p/ qkd&S,fvpfvli,f/ wmyGefrJqENe,fpnf;±Hk;a&;r–; tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1960 jynfhESpfwGif a':aomif;ESifh vufxyfonf? bmoma&;toif;tzJG@rsm;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 1988 wGif &-0-w tzJG@0ifvkyfcJhonf? 9? anmifav;yif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;tkef;armif/ trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tkef;armifonf anmifav;yif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(23518)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²28)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? 1928 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (1)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;a&$vS.om;jzpfonf? OD;tkef;armifonf 0dZ…mESihfOya'0dZ…mbJG@udk &efukefwuUodkvfrS&¶SdcJhonf? 1945 ckESpfwGif *syefawmfvSefa&;Xme ajymufusm;/ 1946 ckESpfwGif ra'gufwdkufe,f z-q-y-v twGif;a&;r–;/ 1947 ckESpfwGif rif;bl;tpdk;&txufwef; ausmif; ausmif;om;or*~ OuUX/ 1948-49 ckESpf/ 1950-51 ckESpfrsm;wGif A[dktpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ &efukefausmif;om;or*~ESihf &efukefc±dkifor*~ OuUX/ 1953 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvf ausmif;om;oydwf acgif;aqmif/ &efukefwuUokdvf ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;umuG,fr_aumfrwD OuUX/ 1963 ckESpfwGif t*Fvef EdkifiH/ vef'ef+rdK@odk@ b%fvkyfief;oGm;a&mufoif,lcJhonf? =op}wD;,m;wGif b%fvkyfief;ESD;aESmyJGwufcJh onf? b%frefae*smb0jzifh t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? ,ckwdkif axmif'%fuscHae&qJjzpfonf? 10? anmifav;yif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;xGef;ºuG,f/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGef;ºuG,fonf anmifav;yif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(20342)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²12)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1925 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (7)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;ausmf.om;jzpfonf? OD;xGef;ºuG,f onf 0dZ…m(ynma&;bJG@)/ q&mjzpf'DyvkdrmESifh r[m0dZ…m(udkvHbD,m)bJG@wkd@&¶SdcJhonf? rlvwef;jyq&mrS ynma&;wuUokdvfygarmuQtxd wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? *syefEdkifiH/ tdENd,EdkifiH/ oD&dvuFmEdkifiHwdk@okd@ ynma&;wm0efjzifhoGm;a&mufcJhonf? ynma&;aqmif;yg;rsm;udk ygarmuQOD;xGef;ºuG,f/ q&m'AŠtrnfwdk@ jzifh a&;om;cJhonf? jyGefwefqmacsmif;&if;/ attufzftdk twGif;a&;r–;/ (r-u-o-c) q&mor*~ twGif; a&;r–;/ c&rf;òrd@e,f r-u-o OuUX/ ¹yGefwefqmtoif; OuUX/ a&$wd*HkapwDa*gyutzJG@0if/ ynma&;0efxrf; t+idrf; pm;tjzpfaexdkifonf? 11? awmifil+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? - 138 -

OD;atmifpdk;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pStzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifpkd;jrifhonf awmifil+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(20369)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(67²75)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? awmifil+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;tkef;ausmf/ trd a':at;rdwkd@rS 1952 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (3)&ufae@ wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;atmifpdk;jrifhonf 1975 ckESpfwGif pD;yGm;a&;wuUokdvfrS pD;yGm;a&;ynm(ocsFmpm&if; tif;)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1975 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd udk,fydkifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfI bmoma&;toif;tzJG@rsm;wGif yg0ifcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Dru dk a&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif awmifilc±dkif jynfol@vGwf ajrmufa&;'Drdkua&pDwyfaygif;pk A[dktaxGaxGoydwfaumfrwD0if/ ZeD;a':at;at;pef;ESihfom;orD;(3)OD; xGef;um;onf? awmifil+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif twGif;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1998 ckESpf wGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGifac:,lzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&+yD;/ 2001 ckESpf/ ZGefv (21)&ufae@wGifjyefv$wfay;cJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (29)&ufae@wGif OD;atmifpdk;jrifhpD;vm onfhqdkifu,fESifh ausmif;olwOD;pD;vmonfhpufbD;wdk@ vrf;wGifrawmfwqyGwfwdkufrd=u&m/ OD;atmifpdk;jrifh tm; tqdkygudpPESifhywfoufI ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS =o*kwfv (31)&ufae@wGifzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;cJh+yD;/ um, uH¶Sifausmif;olraqGaqGrS ‚if;.trSm;a=umifhjzpf&ojzifh tr_rzGifhbJausat;cJhonfh=um;rS ,mOfwdkufr_ yk'fr (337)/ tjyif vdkifpifrJhqdkifu,fvuf0,fxm;¶Sdr_ yk'fr 5 (1)jzifh tr_zGifh+yD;/ pufwifbmv (19)&ufae@wGif tvkyfESifhaxmif'%f(7)ESpfcsrSwfcJhonf? 12? awmifil+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;!Gef@a0/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;!Gef@a0onf awmifil+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(20401)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(67²1)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1926 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (14)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;baqG.om;jzpfonf? OD;!Gef@a0onf &efukef wuUodkvfrS 0dZ…m(abm*aA')*k%fxl;ESifh [m;AwfwuUodkvfrS r[m0dZ…m(tkyfcsKyfa&;)bJG@wkd@&¶SdcJhonf? 1947 ckESpf (1)ESpftwGif;vGwfvyfa&;&&Sd&efjyifqifr_wGif z-q-y-v tzJG@csKyfuay;aom acgif;aqmifoifwef; qif; 1947 ckESpfrS 1952 ckESpftxd wuUodkvfausmif;om;acgif;aqmif/ 1952 ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd !ìef=um;a&;r–;/ A[dkpm&if;tif;ESifhabm*aA'Xme/ pufr_vufr_b%f/ refae*smcsKyf/ pdkufysKd;a&;b%f/ tmrcH aumfydka&;&Sif; OD;aqmif!ìef=um;a&;r–;/ 1986 ckESpfwGif oufjynfht+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf A[dktvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwD0if jzpfonf? 13? xef;wyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;cspfarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cspfarmifonf xef;wyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(19665)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(65²36)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? ppf udkif;wkdif;/ ,if;rmyif+rdK@e,f/ vufv_yf&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;rkd;OD;/ trd at;pdefwdk@rS 1943 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbm v (2)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;cspfarmifonf 0dZ…m/ 0dZ…mynma&;ESSifh txufwef; a&S@aepmar;yGJwkd@ - 139 -

atmifjrifcJhonf? 1962 ckESpfrS 1967 ckESpftxd pma&; (u-u) ypPnf;0,f,lr_!ìef=um;a&;r–;¶Hk;/ 1967 ckESpf rS 1974 ckESpftxd txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ xef;wyif+rdK@/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd OuUX òrd@e,fw&m;ol}uD;tzJG@/ xef;wyif+rdK@/ 1988 ckESpfrS 1990 jynfhESpftxd txufwef;a&S@ae/ 1972 ckESpfwGif vrf;pOfygwDodk@0ifcJhonf? 14? 'dkufOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;&JxGÉf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;&JxGÉfonf 'dkufOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(24978)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(76²69)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? &efukef+rdK@/ wmarGZmwdjzpfonf? 1951 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (1)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;jroef;.om;jzpf onf? OD;&JxGÉfonf 1975 ckESpfwGif &efukefpD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvfrS bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1976 ckESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd pm&if;ppf/ vufaxmuftvkyform;t&m&Sd/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD; wGifyg0ifcJhonf? OD;&JwGÉfonf 1969 ckESpf/ u|ef;qG,fta&;tcif;/ 1974 ckESpf/ OD;oef‹ta&;tcif;ESifh tvkyf orm;ta&;tcif;wdk‹Yyg0ifcJhonf? 1982 ckESpfwGif yk'rf 5 (n)jzifhta&;,lcH&+yD; tvkyf=urf;ESifhaxmif'%f (2)ESpfuscHcJh&onf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (30)&ufae‹u rEWav;/ taemufawmif+rdK‹e,f trsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ‹csKyf±kH;YjyKvkyfo!fh ,m,Dtpdk;&zGJ‹pnf;a&;v#dK‹0Suftpnf;a0;odk‹wufa&mufcJhojzifh e0w. zrf;qD;r_udkcH&+yD; jypfr_qdkif&myk'fr 122 (1)jzifhw&m;pGJum 1991 ckESpf/ arvwGif axmif'%fcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh& onf? a±G;aumufyGJaumfr±Sifu 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (30)&ufae‹wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(984)jzifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufcJhonf? aemifwGifjyKvkyfr!fha±G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudk vnf;ydwfyifcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ arv (27)&ufae‹wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrS jyefvGwfonf? 15? 'dkufOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;pdefxGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdefxGef;onf 'dkufOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(20761)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(69²83)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 'dkufOD;+rdK@e,f/ aygufwyifaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGef;&if/ trd a':wifwkd@rS 1942 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (27)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;onf? OD;pdefxGef;onf 0dZ…m(Oya')bGJ@ESifh Oya'0dZ…mbJG@& w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aewOD;jzpf onf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifonf? 1992 ckESpf/ arv (3) &ufae‹wGifuG,fvGefonf? 16? ewfwvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;tkef;aiG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tkef;aiGonf ewfwvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(24388)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(73²86)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? ewfwvif;+rdK@e,f/ tkwfwGif;ukef;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bkd;&Sdef.om;jzpfonf? 1917 ckESpf/ {+yDv - 140 -

(4)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;tkef;aiGonf 0dZ…mbJG@ESifh ynma&;'DyvkdrmbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? rlvwef;ausmif;q&m}uD; tjzpfrS òrd@e,fynma&;r–;(yef;awmif;)tqifhtxd ynm0efxrf;cJhI 1977 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? rD;owf/ aq;±Hkponfh bmoma&;toif;tzJG@rsm;/ vlr_a&;toif;tzGJ@rsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 17? ewfwvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;apmpdefxGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;apmpdefxGef; ewfwvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(23548)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(73²33)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1931 ckESpf/ ZGefv (6)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;atmifjrifh.om;jzpfonf? OD;apmpdfefxGef;onf ody`H (pkdufysKd;&;)bGJ@ESifh Oya'0dZ…mbJG@wkd@udk 1955 ckESpfESihf 1960 jynfhESpfwdk@wiG f&¶SdcJhonf? 1955 ckEpS frS 1957 ckESpf txd txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ ewfwvif;+rdK@/ 1957 ckEpS fESifh 1958 ckESpfwGif ±kuQaA't&m&Sd(arSmfbD)/ (ajrmif;jr)/ 1958 ckESpfrS 1967 ckESpftxd c±kdifpdkufysdK;a&;t&m&Sd(om,m0wD§+rdwf)/ 1967 ckESpfrS 1977 ckESpf txd ausmif;tkyf/ pkdufysdK;arG;jrLa&;txufwef;ausmif;(erfhqrf;§oJukef;)/ 1977 ckESpfrS 1979 ckESpftxd 'kwd,vufaxmuftaxGaxGrefae*sm/ v,f,mpkdufysdK;a&;aumfydka&;&Sif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dk awmifolv,form;vkyfief;tzJG@0iftjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? 18? yJcl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;pdk;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD? OD;pdk;0if;onf yJcl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwDtm;udk,fpm;jyKI0ifa&muf ,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(44288)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(72²33)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? anmifOD;+rdK@ Zmwdjzpfonf? 1945 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (7)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;=uifqdkifjzpfonf? OD;pdk;0if;onf 1968 ckESpfwGif &efukefpD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvfrS 0g%dZ…(pufr_ukefxkwf)bGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1968 ckESpfrS 1972 ckESpftxd okawoevufaxmuf(pDrHudef;Xme) *kefeDpuf¶Hk/ tkwfusif;/ xdk@aemuf yHkESdyfvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unf. vHk+cHKa&;ESihv f lr_a&; wm0ef ,lcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif A[dkowif;ESifhjyef=um;a&;tzGJ@0if/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD ygwDwGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmif wm0ef,lcJhonf? 19? yJcl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;jrwfvS/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrwfvSonf yJcl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(53527)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(74²77)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? yJcl;+rdK@e,f/ ayyifacsmif;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pdefxGef;/ trd a':at;wifwdk@rS 1935 ckESpf/ arv (23)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;onf? OD;jrwfvSonf trsKd;om;wef;jrifhausmif;(yJcl;)rS wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifI 1957 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfrS 0dZ…mbJG@ESifh 1967 ckESpfwGif Oya'0dZ…mbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1957 ckESpfrS 1968 ckESpftxd txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ 1968 ckESpfrSpI a&S@ae(w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@ae)tjzpfvkdufygaqmif¶GufcJh - 141 -

onf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? OD;jrwfvSonf ygwDpHk 'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG}uD;wGif jrefrmwEkdifiHvHk;Y ckdifvHkrJta&twGuftrsm;qHk;jzifh a&G;aumuf wifajr‡mufcH&aom v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fjzpfonf? 20? jynf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? Adkvfrª;}uD;armiftkef;(jidrf;)/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? Adkvfrª;}uD;armiftkef;(jidrf;)onf jynf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&; ygwDtm;udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(14850)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(42²05)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwif ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? &efukef+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;odef;az/ trd a':at;pdefwdk@rS 1929 ckESpf/ {+yDv (7) &ufae@wGifarG;zGm;onf? =unf;§6977 Adkvfrª;}uD;armiftkef;(+idrf;)onf 1955 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfrS pufr_tif*sifeD,mbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1949 ckESpfrS 1955 ckESpftxd waumif;ausmif;aqmif o[m,ESifhpmzwf toif; OuUX/ 1955 ckESpf/ {+yDvrS 1981 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifvtxd wyfrawmfwGif 'kwd,AdkvftqifhrS Adkvfrª;}uD; tqifhtxd yvp(1) &efukef/ evp(5) Axl;/ vvp(555) armfv+rdKif/ uyp(4)/ uuxkwf !$ef=um;a&;rª; ¶Hk; wm0ef/ 1964 ckESpfrS 1972 ckESpftxd pwvu tr_aqmif'g¶dkufwm/ 1981 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (1)&ufae@wGif wyfrawmfrSt+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1963 ckESpfwGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDodk@0ifcJhonf? 1981 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd A[dkaumfrwD0if/ yef;awmif;(2)v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f/ pufr_(1) 'kwd,0ef}uD;/ jynfol@ vkyfief;ppfaq;a&;tzGJ@0if/ jynfy(9)EdkifiHodk@ EdkifiHwm0efjzifhoGm;a&mufcJhI pDrHudef; puf¶Hk}uD;(7)¶Hkudk wm0ef,l wnfaqmufcJhonf? 21? jynf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;aomif;pdef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;aomif;pdefonf jynf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(18941)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(51²52)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? oJukef;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pkd;rif;/ trd a':at;jrwkd@rS 1930 jynfhESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;aomif;pdfef onf oJukef;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif udk;wef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1953 ckESpfrS 1960 jynfh ESpftxd tulpma&;/ tifpyufawmf qefpyg;a&mif;0,fa&;/ eu&z/ 1960 jynfhESpfrS 1962 ckESpftxd qnf ajrmif;Xme uefx±dkufwm/ 1962 ckESpfrS 1990 jynfhESpftxd udk,fykdifqefpufvkyfief;/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif jynfòrd@e,f qefjzef@jzL;a&; OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? jynf +rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS E_wfxGufcJhonf? 22? yef;awmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;wiftkef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wiftkef;onf yef;awmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(15133)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(65²58)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& - 142 -

onf? tz OD;apmv_dif/ trd a':oef;pdefwdk@rS 1946 ckESpf/ rwfv (1)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? yef;awmif;+rdK@ Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;wiftkef;onf &efukefòrd@ pHjytrsKd;om;txufwef;ausmif;wGif q,fwef;txdynmoif =um;cJhonf? 1964 ckESpfrS 1966 ckESpftxd jynfol@qdkifwm0efcH/ 1966 ckESpfrS 1970 jynfhESpftxd aiGudkif pma&;/ òrd@e,fukefoG,fa&;/ 1970 jynfhESpfrS 1980 jynfhESpftxd toif;pkr–;/ òrd@e,for0g,r/ 1989 ckESpfrS 1990 jynfhESpftxd òrd@e,fowif;axmuf/ yef;awmif;/ yef;awmif;+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 'kwd,OuUX wm0ef,lcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1997 ckESpf/ rwf v (21)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1349)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? 23? yef;awmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;odef;[ef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;odfef;[efonf yef;awmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(18050)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(66²8)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? yef;awmif;òrd@e,f/ Oo#pfyif&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pHa&$/ trd a':!Gef@wkd@rS 1939 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (3)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;odef;[efonf vkyfom;aumvdyfwGif ±lyaA'yxrESpftxdynmoif,lcJh onf? 1961 ckESpfrS 1981 ckESpftxd pma&;0efxrf;/ tvkyform;!ïef=um;a&;OD;pD;Xme/ 1981 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd ‘&J[ef’uavmiftrnfjzihf 0wˆK/ aqmif;yg; (90)cef@a&;om;cJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif jrefatmif+rdK@Yyg0ifcJhonf? yef;awmif;+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf OuUX wm0ef,lcJhonf? 24? aygufacgif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? a'gufwmpdef0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD? a'gufwmpdef0if;onf aygufacgif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwDtm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(17511)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(49²94)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz tmZmenfacgif;aqmif}uD;-OD;b0if;(AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;.tpfudk)/ trd a':cifapmwdk@rS 1944 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (16)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? rauG;wdkif;/ awmifwGif;}uD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? a'gufwmpdef0if; onf 1965 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfrS ody`H(ocsFm)*k%fxl;bGJ@/ 1974 ckESpfwGif *smrefjynfaxmifpkorRw EdkifiH/ [rf;bwfwuUodkvfrS r[mody`HbGJ@ESifh 1979 ckESpfwGif a'gufwm(yg&*l-ocsFm) Ph.D. (Hamburg University, Germany) bGJ@wdk@&¶SdcJhonf? 1980 jynfhESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd ocsFmuxdu/ udkvHbdkwuU odkvf(oD&dvuFmEdkifiH)/ 1982 ckESpfrS 1984 ckESpftxd Edkif¶dkbDwuUodkvf(uifnmEdkifiH)/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif;odk@ ADZmtwkjzifh jyefvnf0ifa&mufvmojzifh tif;pdefaxmifwGif axmif'%f(9)v jypf'%fcHcJh&onf? 1986 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd tcsdefydkif;uxdu/ ocsFmXme/ vkyfom;aumvdyf/ 1989 ckESpfwGif trsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf jyef=um;a&;Xme(b¾ma&;wm0efcH)/ trsdKom;'Drdkua&pDygwD OuUX wm0efrsm;,lcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (18)&ufae@wGif rme,fyavmY jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;& pwifzGJ@pnf;onfhtcg/ umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;/ jynfxJa&;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;/ 0ef}uD;csKyftjzpf aqmif ¶GufcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ {+yDv (25)&ufae@wGif trsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@ jyifqifwdk;csJ@zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg tqdkygwm0efrsm;udk qufvufaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1995 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (21)&ufae@wGif qGD'ifEdkifiH/ AGefrm; - 143 -

pApfY trsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&jyefvnfjyifqifzGJ@pnf;onfhtcg 0ef}uD;csKyfESifh EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD; tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJh+yD;/ 2000 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (7)&ufae@wGif tdkif,mvefEdkifiH/ 'yfAvif+rdK@Y trsdK; om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;& jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;onfhtcg 0ef}uD;csKyftjzpfaqmif¶GufcJh&m ,ae@wdkifjzpfonf? 25? aygif;wnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;tkef;Edkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tkef;Edkifonf aygif;wnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(15589)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(64²08)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? aygif;wnf+rdK@/ bk&m;ig;ql&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pdefòzd;/ trd a':pdefwdk@rS 1933 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (11)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;tkef;Ekdifonf &efukefwuUokdvfrS ody`HbJG@/ ynma&;'DyvkdrmESihf ynma&; 0dZ…mbJG@wkd@udk 1964 ckESpfwGif&¶SdcJhonf? 1958 ckESpfrS 1965 ckESpftxd aygif;wnftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif; wGif txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ 1965 ckESpfrS 1976 ckESpftxd vufaxmufuxdu/ q&mtwwfoif/ oJukef;+rdK@/ 1976 ckESpfrS 1981 ckESpftxd tv,fwef;ausmif;tkyf/ tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ bk&m;ig;ql/ aygif;wnf+rdK@/ 1981 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ aygif;wnf+rdK@/ 'kdufOD;(usKdufpaum)/ &efukef/ wuUokdvfausmif;om;b0wGif ausmif;om;nD!w G fa&;wyfOD;/ jynfc±dkifausmif;om;ausmif;ol toif;/ o[m,ESihfpmzwftoif;rsm;tzJG@csKyffwdk@wGif yg0ifv_yf&Sm;cJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif qENjyausmif;om;rsm;t=urf;zufr_r&Sdatmifaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (19)&ufae@wGif wm0efrSemrusef;t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 26? aygif;wnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;at;oef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;at;oef;onf aygif;wnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(18005)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(75²5)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? aygif;wnfòrd@e,f/ o&ufoHk;yif&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;aiG'g;/ trd a':pdefjcLwdk@rS 1941 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (4)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;at;oef;onf 1974 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS 0dZ…m(jrefrm pm)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1967 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd ukefonfvkyfief;jzifhtoufarG;I 1350 jynfh ESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif oydwfaumfrwD0if/ aygif;wnf+rdK@e,f trsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif òrd@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 27? jzL;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;atmifoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifoef;onf jzL;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(18067)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(65²96)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? jzL;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bdk;a*gif/ trd a':pdefarwkd@rS 1929 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (17)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJh onf? OD;atmifoef;onf 1962 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…mbJG@ESifh 1973 ckESpfwGif ynma&;'Dyvkdrm&¶SdcJhonf? 1944 ckESpf - 144 -

rS 1946 ckESpftxd tm&Svli,ftzJG@0if/ 1959-60 ckESpfwGif +rdK@e,f z-q-y-v twGif;a&;r–;/ 1964 ckESpfrS 1968 ckESpftxd jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD0if/ 1954 ckESpfrS 1959 ckESpftxd txufwef;jy/ jzL;+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ 1963 ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd ausmif;tkyf/ oapP;tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif; (&rnf;oif;)/ tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;trSwf(3)/ tvHk(&efukef)/ 1981 ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd ausmif;tkyf }uD;/ a*s,ltpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ aZ,s0wD/ 1986 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,fynma&;r–;(awmifil)/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif awmifilòrd@e,f'Drdkua&pDv_yf&Sm;r_A[dk aumfrwD 'kwd,OuUX/ puf±Hk/ tvkyf±HkESihf 0efxrf;aygif;pHkor*~ OuUX/ ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh ynma&;tzJG@ tpnf;rsm;. em,utjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (2)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1415)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf rS EkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? 28? jzL;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;pdk;armif/ trsdK;om;'Ddrdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdk;armifonf jzL;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(23588)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(63²84)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;at;/ trd a':vSòrdifwkd@rS 1944 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (1)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? jzL;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;pkd;armifonf 0dZ…mbJG@ESifhOya'bJG@udk &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUokdvfrS&¶SdcJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfrS 1972 ckESpf txd txufwef;a&S@ae/ 1972 ckESpfrS 1974 ckESpftxd w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@ae/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd Oya'0efxrf;tqihf(4)/ Oya'±Hk;(ueD/ urR/ v_dif)/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pD ta&;awmf yHk}uD;wGif jzL;òrd@e,f'Drkdua&pDwyfOD; 'kwd,OuUX tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? jzL;+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pd tzGJ@csKyf +rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD OuUX wm0ef,lcJhonf? w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aetjzpf vkdkufygaqmif&Gufonf? 1996 ckESpf/ ZGefv (24)&ufae@wGif v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSE_wfxGufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxG axGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS a=unmcJhonf? 29? rif;vS+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;wifhvGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifhvGifonf rif;vS+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(16110)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(66²12)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? aysmfbG,fòrd@e,f/ &efatmifaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1927 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (4)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;xGef;.om;jzpfonf? OD;wifhvGifonf ysOf;rem;tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1936 ckESpfwGif ausmif;om;or*~ twGif;a&;r–;/ oydwftr_aqmif/ 1942 ckESpfwGif tm&Svli,f/ bD'Dat/ yDADtufzf/ zufqpfawmfvSefa&;wGifyg0ifcJhI armfuGef;0if'kwd,qifh&cJhonf? 1946 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmf tif*sifeD,mwyfodk@ wyfom;tjzpfpwif0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1948 ckESpfrS 1977 ckESpftxd =unf;-5326 'kAkdvf/ cv&(1) wyfcJGr–;/ cv&(5) OD;pD;t&m&Sd/ ajcvsifwyfr[m(4)ESihf(5) wyfcJGr–;/ cv&(28)ESihfcr&(104) OD;pD;(w) 'kwyf&if;r–;/ cr&(102) OD;pD;('k) vyc/ wyc/ wyf&if;r–;/ cv&(48) cvu OuUX/ wyf&if;r–;/ cv&(20) wvu OuUX/ &ckdifwyfaygif;pkr–;/ ausmif;tkyf}uD;/ A[dkjynfol0efxrf;ausmif;/ A[dkaumfrwD(t&ef) a&;&m aumfrwD0if/ A[dkaumfrwD0if/ a&;&mtwGif;a&;r–;/ qdkAD,ufjynfaxmifpkoGm;v$wfawmftzJG@0if/ vSnf;ul; - 145 -

(1) v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f/ 1977 ckESpfwGif ygwDpnf;urf;t& vrf;pOfygwDrSxkwfy,fjcif;cH&onf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifonf? rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@ A[dk aumfrwD0iftjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1996 ckESpf/ ZGefv (13)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f tjzpfrSE_wfxGufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS a=unmcJhonf? 30? rif;vS+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? a':vSvSrdk;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a':vSvSrkd;onf rif;vS+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(16282)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(69²08)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1943 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? rif;vS+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;vSbl;.orD;jzpfonf? a':vSvSrdk;onf 1961 ckESpf wGif q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhI 1966 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…m(yx0D0if)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? xkdESpfrSmyif rif;vS+rdK@tpdk;&txuf wef;ausmif;Y tv,fwef;jyq&m/ 1968 ckESpfwGif txufwef;jyq&mrtjzpf wm0efxef;aqmifcJh+yD; 1984 ckESpfwGif bDtD;'DbJG@&¶Sdonf? 1988 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (2)&ufae@wGif t+idrf;pm;,l&efav#mufxm;cJh+yD;/ 1989 ckESpfwGifyifpif&onf? 1975 ckESpfrS 1980 jynfhESpftxd +rdK@e,fvrf;pOfvli,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD tzGJ@0if/ rif;vSòrd@e,f/ 1980 jynfhESpfwGif rdrdqENt&EkwfxGufcJhonf? 31? rdk;ndK+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;vSatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSatmifonf rdk;ndK+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(12210)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(58²76)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1924 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;bkd;pdef.om;jzpfonf? OD;vSatmifonf i,fpOfu (10)wef;ynmukd yJcl;wdkif; xHk;bdkwGifoif=um;cJh+yD; 1941 ckESpfwGif 'dk@Armtpnf;t±Hk;wGif Armhvuf±Hkwyfom;tjzpf yg0ifcJhonf? 1942 ckESpfwGif bDtkdifat-Adkvfr–;&efEkdif/ Adkvfol& wyf&if;/ uaemifwyfcJG±Hk;tkyf/ 1943-44 ckESpf a&uif;+rdK@wGif rlvwef;ausmif;q&mtjzpfwm0ef,lpOf 1945 ckESpf/ zufqpfawmfvSefa&;wm0efygwJGbuf,lcJh+yD; 1946-47 ckESpfwGif (yDADtdk) jynfol@ppfacgif;aqmifrsm;zJG@pnf;pOf ppfacgif;aqmif/ taxGaxGXmer–;/ 1947-48 ckESpfwGif Armht&efwyfrawmf/ om,m0wDY ±Hk;tkyf/ tvHkqdyfurf;rsm;wGifwm0ef,lcJhonf? 1950 jynfhESpfrS 1956 ckESpfwGif rkd;ndKY z-q-y-v o§r wm0ef/ xkdrS z-q-y-v y-x-p§OD;-Adkvf tkyfpkrsm;wGif 1962 ckESpf/ rwfv (1)&ufae@txdaqmif&GufcJhonf? 32? rdk;ndK+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;xGef;a&$/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGef;a&$onf rkd;ndK+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(14223)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(65²11)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1933 ckESpf/ rwfv (1)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;vSarmif.om;jzpfonf? OD;xGef;a&$onf ody`H/ Oya'0dZ…mbJG@ESihf ynma&;0dZ…mbJG@wkd@&¶SdcJhonf? 1956 ckESpfrS 1964 ckESpftxd ausmif;q&m/ a&S@ae/ or0g,r twGif;a&;r–;/ - 146 -

1964 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD A[dkEdkifiHa&;ody`H trSwfpOf(3)qif;/ tcsdefjynfh au'gygwDa&;&mr–;/ A[dkaumfrwD0if/ ygwDpnf;urf;xdef;aumfrwD0if/ vufaxmufa&S@aecsKyf/ A[dkOya'±Hk; !ïef=um;a&;rª;/ A[dkajr,maumfrwD0if/ tajccHOya'aumfr&SiftzJG@0if/ *syefEkdifiHoGm;v$wfawmfukd,fpm; vS,ftzGJ@ twGif;a&;rSL;/ AD,mem®r@wGifusif;yonf@ (Treaty of Treaties). Oya'ynm&Sif/ rdk;ndK vGwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f/ wwd,t}udrfygwDnDvmcH a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufr_ESifhywfoufI rJa&G;cs,fr_yÉdyuQ wGifxdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? armifxGef;a&$(A[dkw&m;&Hk;a&S@ae)trnfjzifh Oya'aqmif;yg;rsm;a&;onf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? uG,fvGefoGm;+yD;jzpfonf? 33? a&wm&Snf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? a'gufwmausmfausmf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmausmfausmfonf a&wm&Snf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(15874)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(57²91)jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rEW@av;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;udkudk/ trd a':oef;oef;wdk@rS 1951 ckESpf/ {+yDv (2)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwmausmfausmfonf 1978 ckESpfwGif oGm;bufqkdif&maq;wuUodkvfrS q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? ,if;aemuf jyifyaq;cef;wGifaq;ukor_vkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif òrd@e,foydwfpcef;wm0efcHwpfOD;tjzpf t=urf;zufr_rsm;ray: aygufatmif xdef;odrf;cJhonf? a&wm¶Snf+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX wm0ef,lcJhonf? 34? a&wm&Snf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;xGef;atmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGef;atmifonf a&wm&Snf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(17571)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(60²56)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? avmrusOf;awm&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bdk;aumif;/ trfd a':Oav;wkd@rS 1950 jynfhESpf/ {+yDv (29)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;xGef;atmifonf pufr_ody`H/ tif;pdefrS 1974 ckESpfwGif pufr_ody`H 'Dyvdkrm&¶SdcJhonf? tif;pdefpufr_ody`H òrd@jypm=unfhwkdufukdOD;aqmifzJG@pnf;cJhonf? 1978-79 ckESpfwGif om*& +rdK@/ apwemnausmif;Y apwemq&mtjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@ 'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif wufºuGpGmyg0ifcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (30)&ufae@u rEWav; taemufawmif+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf±Hk;wGifðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpkd;&zGJ@pnf;a&;v#dK@0Suftpnf; ta0;okd@wufa&mufcJhonfhtjyif trmcH(6)OD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (1)&ufae@ u rEWav;-aròrd@ um;vrf;ab; qefpuf0if;xJwGifðyvkyfaom awmwGif;e,fpyfwpfae&mwGif v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,f (20) odk@r[kwf (25)OD; oGm;a&mufum ,m,Dtpkd;&zJG@pnf;a&;tpnf;ta0;ESihf 1990 jynfhESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (8)&ufae@ v#dK@0Suftpnf;a0;wkd@udkwufa&mufcJhI zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;xGef;atmif onf jypfr_qkdif&mOya' yk'fr 122 (1)t&jypf'%fpD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr (11)(n)ESifh +idpGef; ojzifh v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&; aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifmv (30)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(992)jzifh a=unmcJhonf? aemifwGif jyKvkyfr!fha±G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ arv (27)&ufae‹wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf? - 147 -

35? a&$usif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;pdk;vGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdk;vGifonf a&Gusif+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf ,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(17840)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(74²62)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? a&$usif+rdK@ Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;wkwf/ trd a':trmwkd@rS 1946 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (25)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;pdk;vGifonf 1976 ckESpfwGif a&$usif+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1981-82 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUokdvfpmay;pm,loifwef;rS Oya'bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? uG,fvGefoGm;+yDjzpfonf? 36? a&$awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;oef;ºuG,f/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef;ºuG,fonf a&$awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(16280)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(58²75)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? a&$awmif+rdK@e,f/ usD;oJZmwdjzpfonf? Tz OD;xGef;pdef/ trd a':jrwifwkd@rS 1942 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (4)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;oef;ºuG,fonf 1968 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1964 ckESpfrS 1987 ckESpf txd ukefoG,f0efxrf;/ pm&if;udkif/ 1987 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? xdk@aemuf ukefonfvkyfief;jzifh toufarG;onf? 1990 jy!fhESpf/ pufwifbmESifh atmufwdkbmvrsm;twGif; rEWav;+rdK‹YjyKvkyfo!fh pif+ydKif awmwGif;,m,Dtpdk;&zGJ‹pnf;a&;tpnf;ta0;rsm;odk‹ wufa&mufcJhr_a=umifh 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (4) &ufae‹wGif A[ef;+rdK‹e,fw&m;±Hk;Yw&m;pGJqdkcH&+yD; w&m;cHajy;tjzpfa=unmjcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;oef;ºuG,f onf 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (18)&ufae‹wGif vGwfajrmufe,fajrrme,fyavmYzGJ@pnf;cJho!fh trsdK;om; !$ef‹aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@wGif ukefoG,fa&;ESifhor0g,r0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;tjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? xdk@a=umifh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa±G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr±SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (26)&ufae‹ wGif v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&v D (19)&ufae‹wGif xdkif;EdkifiH/ befaumuf±SdjrefrmoH±Hk;Y 1991 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv(19)&ufae‹wGif xdkif;EdkifiH/ befaumuf+rdK@±Sd jrefrmppfoH±Hk;/ ppfoHrª;Adkvfrª;}uD;A[def;xH qufoG,fowif;ydk@I OD;jrifhatmif(rauG;wdkif;/ uHr+rdK@e,fjynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,f)ESifhtwltzrf;cHcJhonf? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@rS E_wfxGuf a=umif; 1991 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (31)&ufae@ &efukef+rdK@wGifjyKvkyfonfhowif;pm±Sif;vif;yGJY a=unmcJhonf? 37? a&$awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;ydkuf+cHK/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ydkuf+cHKonf a&$awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(15635)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(65²21)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? yckuUL jrpfajcxaemif;ukef;aus;&GmwGif tz OD;&Sif/ trd a':odef;&Sifwkd@rS 1945 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (5)&uf ae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;ydkuf+cHKonf i,fpOfu xaemif;ukef;&Gm uHOD;ausmif;q&mawmfxHwGif ynmpwif oif=um;cJh+yD; 1979 ckESpfwGif &efuefwuUodkfvfrS0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1984 ckESpfwGif txufwef;a&S@ae - 148 -

pmar;yJGatmifjrifI Oya'tusKd;aqmifjzpfvmcJhonf? pma&q&m/ uAsmq&m/ t,f'Dwm/ a&S@ae ponfjzihf b0pHkonf? 1975 ckESpfwGif a':cifpef;vGifESihfvufxyfcJhonf? yJcl;wdkif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk; a&;tzGJ@0iftjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? 38? vufyHwef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;atmifjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifjrifhonf vufyHwef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(22541)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(73²54)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? vufyefwef;òrd@e,f/ crHkqdyf&GmrZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;cifarmif/ trd a':axG;wifwkd@rS 1944 ckESpf/ ZGef v (5)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;atmifjrifhonf vufyefweff;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS wef;jrifh ausmif;xGufpmar;yGJatmifjrifcJhonf? 1960-61 ckESpfwGif ausmif;om;or*~aqmf=oa&;r–;/ 1961 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmfodk@0ifa&mufcJhonf? jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD0ifjzpfcJhonf? 1967 ckESpfrS 1972 ckESpftxd EkdifiHa&;t&zrf;qD;xdef;odfrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1973-74 ckESpfwGif pma&;0efxrf;/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd "mwftyfpdkufukESifh[dkrkdyufopform;awmf/ vlr_a&;tzJG@rsm;wGifOD;aqmifyg0ifcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif +rdK@e,f'Drdkua&pDwyfaygif;pk jynfol@a&;&mwm0efcH/ +rdK@e,f &yf&Gmat;csrf;om,ma&;ESihfw&m;Oya'tzJG@ wGJzuftwGif;a&;r–;/ vufyHwef;+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf twGif;a&;r–;/ rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@ OuUX wm0ef,lcJhonf? 39? vufyHwef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;!Gef@at;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;!Gef@at;onf vufyHwef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(19829)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²23)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh &onf? vufyefwef;òrd@e,f/ uGrf;+cH&mG Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bkd;a&$/ trd a':cifykwkd@rS 1936 ckESpf/ {+yDv (12)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;!Gef@at;onf &efukefwuUodkfvfrS Oypmody`HatmifjrifcJhonf? 1958-59 ckESpfwGif txufwef;jy óud@yifaumuftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ 1961 ckESpfrS 1963 ckESpftxd tvkyf orm;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDESihf y-r-n-w obmywdtzJG@0if/ 1963 ckESpfrS 1968 ckESpftxd zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif; cHcJh&onf? 1971 ckESpfwGif txufwef;a&S@aepmar;yJGatmifjrifcJhonf? 1971 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd qdkAD,uf±kyf&Sifudk,fpm;vS,f±Hk; twGif;a&;r–;/ 1978 ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd a&S@ae/ 1986 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpf txd }uHawmifol/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif +rdK@e,f'Drkdua&pD wyfaygif;pk 'kwd,OuUX/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf +rdK@e,f OuUX wm0ef,lcJhonf? 40? a0g+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;wifa&$/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifa&$onf a0g+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(10618)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(67²48)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? - 149 -

OD;tkef;.om;jzpfonf? 1941 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (10)&ufae@wGif yJEG,fukef;/ ausmufwHcg;+rdK@e,fwGifarG;zGm; cJhonf? ody`H("mwkaA')t"dujzihf bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1988 ckESpfwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pwifzJG@pnf; wnfaxmifonfhtcg a0g+rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD OuUX wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ {+yDwGif ygwDrSE_wf xGufcJhonf? 41? a0g+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;pdk;odrf;(armif0Ho)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdk;odrf;onf a0g+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(20997)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(76²21)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? yJcl;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? yJcl;wdkif;/ a0g+rdK@e,f/ jrpfusdK;aus;¶Gm/ v,f,mESifh qefpufvkyfief;ydkif¶Sif tz ODarmifcif/ trd a':jrpdefwdk@rS 1945 ckESpf/ {+yDv (17)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? arG;csif;(8)a,mufteuf ti,fqHk;jzpfonf? OD;pdk;odrf;onf jrpfusdK;aus;¶Gm tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;rS rlvwef;atmifjrifcJh+yD;/ yJcl;+rdK@ trsdK;om;wef;jrifhausmif;odk@ qufvufwufa&mufI wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifum &efukefwuUodkvfodk@ qufvufwufa&mufcJh+yD;/ 0dZ…mbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1962 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvf (4)OD;aumfrwD0iftjzpf yg0if aqmif¶GufcJhonf? OD;pdk;odrf;onf 1962 ckESpfrS 1963 ckESpftxd taxmufawmfowif;pm wuUodkvf owif;axmuf/ 1964 ckESpfwGif vkyfom;jynfol@ae@pOfowif;axmuf/ vufaxmuft,f'Dwm/ 1967-68 ckESpfwGif jyef=um;a&;0ef}uD;Xme owif;pmtwwfoifausmif;Y yxrywf owif;pmynmoifwef;wuf a&mufcJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfwGif jrefrmhtvif;owif;pm t,f'DwmtjzpfvkyfudkifcJh+yD;/ 1976 ckESpfwGif *syef EdkifiHodk@ owif;pmynmavhvma&;c&D; oGm;a&mufcJhonf? 1977 ckESpfwGif tar&duefjynfaxmifpk ‘rpf¶SD*ef’ wuUodkvfY toufarG;0rf;ausmif; owif;pmynm ‘zJvdk;¶Spf’oifwef;odk@ wufa&mufatmifjrifcJhonf? 1978 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd rEWav;[Hom0wD owif;pmt,f'Dwmtjzpfvnf;aumif;/ Akdvfwaxmif owif;pm t,f'Dwmtjzpfvnf;aumif; wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1978 ckESpfrS 1980 jynfhESpftxd &efukefwdkif;/ a'oaumvdyftrSwf(1)Y vlxkqufoG,fa&;bmom&yfudk tcsdefydkif;oif=um;ykd@cscJhonf? &efukefwuUodkvfYynmoif=um;aepOf ausmif;om;nD!Gwfa&;wyfOD;ESifh ausmif;om;tzJG@tpnf;rsm;Y yg0if cJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif owif;pmwdkufaygif;pHkaumfrwD 0iftjzpfyg0ifv_yf¶Sm;cJhojzifh 1988 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmvqef;rSpI Adkvfwaxmifowif;pm t,f'Dwm tjzpfrS wm0ef&yfpJjcif;cHcJh&onf? OuUX OD;wifOD;/ taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unfwdk@ OD;aqmifaom trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfpwifxlaxmifaomtcg wwfodynm¶Sifrsm;tzGJ@wGif yg0ifcJhum yJcl;wdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD0iftjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&+yD;/ yJcl;wdkif;(28)+rdK@e,ftwGif; pnf;¶Hk;a&;vkyf ief;rsm;udk v_yf¶Sm;aqmif¶GufcJhonf? ‚if;aemuf A[dkOD;pD;tzGJ@0iftjzpf yl;wGJwm0ef,lcJhonf? 1989 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (20)&ufae@txdef;odrf;rcH&rDwdk;csJ@zGJ@pnf;cJhaom A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@wGif tzGJ@0iftjzpfwdk;jr‡ifh wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1989 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (20)&ufae@ eHeufydkif;rSpI trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf¶Hk; wnf¶Sd&m wuUodkvf&dyfomvrf;wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1962 ckESpf/ &efukefwuUodkvfwGifynmoif=um;aepOf Zlvdkif (7)&ufta&;tcif;wGif ausmif;om;nD!$wfa&;wyfOD; twGif;a&;rª;tzGJ‹0iftjzpf yg0ifv_yf±Sm;cJhr_a=umifh ausmif;xkwfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1964 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpf twGif; owif;pmq&mtjzpfvkyfudkifcJh+yD;/ ‘armif0Ho’trnfjzifh pmtkyfpmwrf;trsm;tjym;a&;om;cJhonf? 1958 ckESpfwGif uAsmESifh 0wˆKwdkrsm; pwifa&;om;cJh+yD;/ ‘armif0Ho’uavmiftrnfudk 1961 ckESpfwGif pwif toHk;jyKcJhonf? 1965 ckESpfrSpI ynma&;ESifh vli,fqdkif&maqmif;yg;rsm; trsm;qHk;a&;om;cJhonf? 1975§ 1976§1977 ckESpfrsm;wGif ta¶S@awmifEiS fh ta¶S@ajrmuf e,fjcm;rsm;odk@ c&D;xGufcJh+yD;/ e,fjcm;a&;&mrsm;ESifh - 150 -

rl;,pfaq;0g;wdkufzsufa&;v_yf¶Sm;r_rsm;ta=umif;/ owif;pmrsm;wGif tcef;qufaqmif;yg;rsm; a&;om;cJh+yD; pkpkaygif;aqmif;yg;yk'fa&(400)ausmfa&;om;chJonf? 1973 ckESpfwGif “upfqif;*sm;” EdkifiHa&;twˆKy`wWdpmtkyf jzifh vHk;csif;avmuodk@0ifa&mufcJh+yD;/ “rdka¶S'g,ef”/ “tm,efa';”/ “tD*spforRwq'wf”/ “epfqif”/ “rm¶S,fwD;wdk;”/ “c¶k¶Suf”/ “armifhbufwef”paom EdkifiHa&;twˆKy`wWdpmtkyfrsm; a&;om;cJh+yD;/ “a¶S@ae}uD; y,f&Darqif” tkyfwGJpmpOf0wˆKrsm;udk bmomjyefcJhonf? “acwf+ydKifurBmha&;&mtbd"mefpmtkyf (1982)” udkjyKpkcJhonf? a&mbwfyif;0g;&if;. "All The King's Men" udk “rdk;rjrif avrjrif”trnfjzifhvnf; aumif;/ upfqif;*sm;.tawG@t}uHKrSwfwrf;rsm;udk “tdrfjzLawmfESpfrsm;”ESifh “uaomif;ueif;ESpfrsm;” trnfrsm;jzifhvnf;aumif; jrefrmbmomjyefcJhonf? 1984 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmvrSpI “tawG;tjrif” pmpOfudkvnf;aumif;/ 1985 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&DvrSpI “vlc|efvlrGef”pmpOfudkvnf;aumif;/ 1987 ckESpfwGif “owif;xl;”/ “bufpHk” *sme,frsm;udkvnf;aumif; pDpOfxkwfa0cJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ‹csKyf A[dktvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwD0iftjzpfwm0ef,laepOf *EDNqHk;jzwfcsuftwdkif; e0wu v$wfawmfac:ray; v#if aqmif±Gufzdk‹vdko!fhenf;vrf;oHk;oG,fpmwrf;jyKpk&mY twGif;ususyg0ifcJhr_a=umifh[kqdkum e0wu ‚if;tm; 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (u) (c) (n) jzifhw&m;pGJum 1990 jynfhESpf/ Edk0if bmvtwGif;wGif axmif'%fcsrSwfcJhonf? enf;vrf;oHk;oG,fpmwrf;udpPY ‚if;tygt0if A[dktvkyftr_ aqmiftzGJ‹0ifrsm;jzpf=uaom OD;csrf;at;(armifpl;prf;)/ OD;cifarmifaqG/ OD;ausmrf if;(ydokumausmfrif;)/ OD;pdefvSOD;(armifEG,fOD;)wdk‹udkyg e0w u zrf;qD;axmifcscJhonf? xkd‹tjyif Adkvfrª;}uD;a[mif;rsdK;atmif(xm; 0,f-2)/ Adkvf}uD;a[mif;wif0if;ESifh A[dkvli,ftzGJ‹rS udkrdk;aZmfOD;/ udk&efatmif/ udk0if;vd_if/ udkudk}uD;wdk‹udk vnf; wygwnf;zrf;qD;axmifcscJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa±G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr±SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (10)&ufae‹wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(984)jzifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,fzsufcJh onf? 1992 ckESpf/ {+yDv (29)&ufae‹wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 1996 ckESpf/ arvwGif t=urf;rzufEdkifiHa&;v_yf¶Sm;r_aqmif;yg;rsm;a&;om;cJhojzifh zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; axmif'%f(5)ESpf csrSwfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 2001 ckESpf/ ZGefv (13)&ufae@wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 42? oeyfyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;at;odef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;at;odef;onf oeyfyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(18847)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(73²16)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? oeyfyif+rdK@/ atmufpk&yfuGufZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;oef;a&$/ trd a':jr=unfwkd@rS 1959 ckESpf/ {+yDv (5)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;at;odef;onf 1975 ckESpfwGif oeyfyiftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS (10) wef;atmifjrifcJh+yD; 1980 jynfhESpfwGif pmay;pm,ljzihfOya'bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aetjzpfvdkufyg aqmif¶GufItoufarG;onf? 43? oeyfyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? a'gufwmaX;odef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmaX;odef;onf oeyfyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(17390)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(71²49)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? yJcl;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;cspfarmif/ trd a':usifEkwkd@rS 1953 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (24)&uf - 151 -

ae@wGifarG;zGm;onf? OD;aX;odef;onf &efukefaq;wuUodkvf(2)rSq&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? ajrmufOuUvmy aq;±HkwGif tvkyfoifq&m0eftjzpf tr_xrf;cJh+yD;aemuf udk,fykdifaq;cef;zGifhxm;onf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif oeyfyif+rdK@e,fausmif;om;or*~ em,utjzpf aqmif¶GufcJh onf? a¶G;aumufyGJ+yD;aemuf tar&duefjynfaxmifpkwGif oGm;a&mufaexdkifcJhonf? 44? oJukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;at;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;at;onf oJukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(12179)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(50²57)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? oJukef;òrd@e,f/ tif;rZmwdjzpfonf? Tz OD;wif/ trd a':tkef;wifwkd@rS 1925 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (22)&uf ae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;at;onf 1939 ckESpfwGif jrefrm(9)wef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1942-43 ckESpfwGif &J=uyf}uD;/ 1943-44 ckESpfwGif &Jtkyf/ 1945 ckESpf/ awmfvSefa&;twGuf &Jtxl;axmufvSrf;a&;wm0ef/ Akdvfr–;}uD;Axl;.tkyfcsKyfr_atmufwGif *syefuifayv_yf&Sm;r_ukdowif;ykd@&ol/ 1946-47 ckESpfwGif +rdK@e,f z-q-y-v qkd&S,fvpf jynfol@&Jabmfacgif;aqmif/ 1948 ckESpfrS 1965 ckESpftxd or0g,r+rdK@tkyf/ 'Dtufpftkdif AuarG;jrLa&;refae*sm/ 1965 ckESpfrS 1990 jynfhESpftxd udk,fydkifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfonf? 45? oJukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;odef;xGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;odef;xGef;onf oJukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(14416)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(57²84)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? oJukef;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1311 ckESpf waqmifrkef;vqef; 7 &ufzGm;/ tz OD;wl/ trd a':pdefjrwkd@rS 1949 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (27)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;odef;xGef;onf 1966 ckESpfwGif wef;jrifhausmif;xGuf pmar;yJGatmifjrifcJhonf? 1968 ckESpf oJukef;q&mtwwfoifausmif; pma&;0efxrf;tqihf(1)/ 1984 ckESpf/ ZGefvwGif emrusef;yifpif,l+yD;/ udk,fykdifpkdufysKd;a&;/ arG;jrLa&;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1969 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv aoG;aomufr*~Zif;Y 0wˆKwkdwpfyk'fa&;om;um pmayavmuodk@pwif0ifa&mufcJhonf? rdk;a0/ &_r0/ jzLeD !dkjym/ pmayvkyfom;r*~Zif;rsm;wGif oumxG%f;/ xG%f;vlatmif uavmiftrnfjzifhpmayrsm;a&;om;cJh onf? OD;odef;xGef;onf 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (30)&ufae‹u rEWav;taemufawmif+rdK‹e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ‹csKyf±Hk;wGifjyKvkyfo!fh ,m,Dtpdk;&zGJ‹pnf;a&; v#dK‹0Suftpnf;a0;odk‹ wufa&mufcJh ojzifh e0w.zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;r_udkcHcJh&+yD;/ jypfr_qdkif&mOya' yk'fr 122 (1)jzifhw&m;pGJum 1991 ckESpf/ arv wGif axmif'%fcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&onf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa±G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr±SifrS 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (6)&ufae‹wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(996)jzifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,fzsufcJhonf? aemifwGifjyKvkyfr!fha±G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf;ydwfyifcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ arv (27)&uf ae‹wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 46? om,m0wD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? aZ,sausmfxif 'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;pH0if; (+idrf;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - 152 -

OD;pH0if;onf om,m0wD+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkr(J 15309)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(54²91)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? ZD;ukef;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;b=unf/ trd a':oef;arwdk@rS 1924 ckESpf/ {+yDv (22)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;pH0if;onf 0dZ…m(pD;yGm;a&;)bJG@ESihf txufwef;a&S@aepmar;yJGatmifjrifcJhonf? 1936 ckESpf wGif ausmif;om;or*~acgif;aqmif/ oHr%dwyfom;/ 1942 ckESpfrS 1945 ckESpftxd ArmhvGwfvyfa&; wyfrawmf(bDtkdifat) 'kAdkvf/ ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf(bD'Dat) Adkvfoifwef;tywfpOf(3)qif;/ zufqpf awmfvSefa&; wdkfif;(7) rsdK;cspfArmhwyfrawmf(yDADtufzf) wyf&if;(2)/ 1946 ckESpfrS 1948 ckESpftxd oeu(4) wyfom;rS 'kt&mcHAdkvf/ wyfrawmfwGif 'kAkdvfrS 'kAkdvfr–;}uD;/ cv&(9) wyf&if;r–;txd/ twGif;0ef/ 'kwd, 0ef}uD;rS 0ef}uD;(ukefoG,fa&;)txd/ jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD A[kdaumfrwD0if/ awmifolv,form; aumifpD A[kdtvkyftr_aqmif/ 1976 ckESpf/ ZGefv (7)&ufae@wGif vrf;pOfygwDrS&yfpJcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;umvrSpI rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@ wJGbuftaxGaxG twGif;a&;r–;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (22)&ufae@wGif &efukef+rdK@YuG,fvGef onf? ema&;a=umfjim ² ² ² bk&m;/ &[ef;/ odrf/ ausmif; 'g,um}uD; aZ,sausmfxif 'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;pH0if; (+idrf;) bDpD-5262 B.A.(Eco.), H.G.P.

ukefoG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD; (+idrf;) vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0ifyxrqifh/ EdkifiHh*k%f&nfyxrqifh *syefacwf wwd,ywfAdkvfoifwef;ausmif;qif;(r*Fvm'Hk) aygif;wnf§ZD;ukef; &efukef+rdK@/ urm¶Gwf+rdK@e,f/ (2)&yfuGuf/ jruefomvrf;/ trSwf(649§pD)ae (opfawm0efaxmuf OD;b=unf-a':oef;ar)[email protected];/ a':jrjroef;. cifyGef;/ (Adkvf}uD;oef;xGÉf)-a':jroef;0if;(pufr_-1/ +idrf;)/ (vufaxmufaxG§*sm/ pwm;wuftxnfcsKyfpuf¶Hk)/ a'gufwmcifrO…L0if;/ OD;aX;vGif0if;(v§xwdkif;Oya' t&m¶Sd/ yJcl;wdkif;)-a':rrav;(OD;pD;t&m¶Sd/ ig;vkyfief;OD;pD;Xme)/ a'gufwmpdk;vGif0if;wdk@. zcif/ ajr;av; a,mufwdk@. tbdk;onf 22-10-2003 &uf nae 4;30 em&DwGif aetdrfYuG,fvGefygI 24-10-2003 (aom=umae@) nae 3 em&DwGif a&a0;tat;wdkufrS a&a0;okoefodk@ ydk@aqmifrD;o+*õK[fygrnf? 47? om,m0wD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;armifat;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifat;onf om,m0wD+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(14747)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(60²26)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? aygif;wnf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1929 ckESpf/ arv (25)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;bdk;q,f.om;jzpfonf? OD;armifat;onf (10)wef;atmifjrif+yD; wyfrawmfa&wGif wyfom;rSAdkvfrª;tqifhtxd/ pcef;r–; ppfa&,mOf r–;/ 1963 ckESpfwGif txl;t&m&Sd ykvJarG;jrLa&;vkyfief;/ 1972 ckESpfwGif (wyfrawmfrSt+idrf;pm;,lI) 'kwd, taxGaxGrefae*sm ykvJESifhig;/ 1976 ckESpfwGif +rdwfòrd@e,fw&m;±Hk;Y ±Hk;wifppfaq;jcif;cH&I (5)ESpfr# ajz&Sif; - 153 -

tr_&ifqdkif&onf? 1981 ckESpfwGif tr_+yD;qHk;umw&m;aov$wfI rlv&mxl;jyef&onf? 1982 ckESpfwGif XmewGif;tqifrajyr_rsm;&ifqkdif&I t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? wm0eft& jynfyEkdifiHrsm;okd@oGm;a&mufcJhonf? ol&Jaumif;rSwfwrf;0if&¶Sdonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJh onf? 48? tkwfzdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;wifOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifOD;onf tkwfzdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(10166)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(51²6)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tkwfzdkòrd@e,f/ usD;yifqdyf¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;omrSef;/ trd a':r,fusifwkd@rS 1939 ckESpf/ arv (2)&uf ae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;wifOD;onf wuUodkvf0ifwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhI 1970 jynfhESpfrS 1981 ckESpf txd +rdK@e,fawmifolv,form;tpnf;t±Hk; wJGzuftwGif;a&;r–;/ ygwD,lepfaumfrwD0if/ jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpf vrf;pOfygwDwGif ygwDwGif;'Drdkua&pDqdwfokOf;aeonf[kajymonfukdta=umif;ðyI ygwDwm0efrS ±kyfodrf;jcif; cHcJh&onf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif awmifolv,form;or*~ twGif;a&;r–;/ tkwfzdk+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf twGif;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 49? tkwfzdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;omarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;omarmifonf tkwfzdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(12443)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(54²4)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? {&m0wDwkdif;/ usdefwvmb&m;ukef;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bkd;pdef/ trd a':pdwfaumif;wdk@rS 1920 jynfhESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (27)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;omarmifonf (7)wef;atmifonftxd ynmoif =um;cJh+yD; 1942 ckESpfwGif ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtkdifat)odk@0ifa&mufcJhonf? *syefacwf 'kwd,ywf Akdvfoifwef;qif;/ xkdkrS 'kAdkvftqihfESifh wyf&if;(2) Akdvfr–;cspfòrdifwyfwGif awmfvSefa&;atmifjrifonftxd wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1945 ckESpfrS 1948 ckESpftxd jynfol@&Jabmf c±kdifpnf;±Hk;a&;r–;/ 1953 ckESpfrS 1962 ckESpftxd z-q-y-v/ z-w-v-p/ y-x-p oef@&Sif;wkd@wGif òrd@e,fOuUX/ c±kdifpnf;±Hk;a&;r–;ESihf A[dk aumfrwD0iftxd tqifhqifhaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk }uD;wGif òrd@e,fawmifolv,form;or*~ em,u/ òrd@e,for*~aygif;pHk OuUX/ tkwfzkdòrd@e,ftrsdK;om; 'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? 50? tkwfwGif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;odef;OD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD? OD;odef;OD;onf tkwfwGif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwDtm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(12357)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(63²17)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? {&m0wDwdkif;/ ajrmif;jr+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1949 ckEpS f/ ZGefv (21)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;&Jbvl;.om;jzpf - 154 -

onf? OD;odef;OD;onf 1971 ckESpfwGif &efukefpD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvfrS 0dZ…m(ocsFmpm&if;tif;ynm)bGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1972 ckESpfwGif jrpfzsm;ESifh jruefom¶kyf¶Sifjzef@csda&;wGif ¶kyf¶Sif¶dkufuGif;ESifhum;iSm;refae*sm/ zvift,f'Dwm/ 1984 ckESpfwGif r[meENmyHkESdyfwdkuf refae*sm/ 1984-85 ckESpfwGif rdk;a0r*~Zif; tkyfcsKyfa&;rª;ESifh t,f'Dwm tzGJ@0if/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif bGJ@&ESifhausmif;om;a[mif;rsm; or*~(&efukefwuUodkvf) em,utjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 51? tkwfwGif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;cifarmif0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifarmif0if;onf tkwfwGif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(12357)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(63²17)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? jrif;+cH+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGef;&if/ trd a':oef;EGJ@wkd@rS 1944 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (28)&uf ae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;cifarmif0if;onf 1962 ckEpS fwGif wuUokdvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1966 ckESpf wGif azmif}uD;A[dk0efxrf;wuUodkvfY 'kvHkòcHa&;r–;oifwef;tywfpOf(3) wufa&mufatmifjrifcJhonf? 1967 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd awmifilc±kdifwGif 'k&Jtkyftqifhjzihfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD; 1978 ckESpfwGif &JwyfzJG@rS E_wfxGufcJhonf? (8) rauG;wdkif;? ta¶S@bufwGif rEWav;wdkif;/ ajrmufbufwGif ppfudkif;wdkif;/ taemufbufwGif csif;jynfe,fESifh &cdkif jynfe,f/ awmifbufwGif yJcl;wdkif;wdk@wnf¶Sdonf? rauG;wdkif;wGif +rdK@e,f(25)+rdK@e,f¶Sd/ rJqENe,f(39)e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(16)cktm;udk,f pm;jyK,SOf+ydKifolv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(162)OD;/ woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(8)OD;/ pkpkaygif;(170)OD;0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh=u&m trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(39)ae&mpvHk;a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh=u&onf? 1? uHr+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;jrifhatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrifhatmifonf uHr+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI0ifa&muf ,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(22711)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²5)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? uHròrd@e,f/ aZG@rd&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;omOm%f/ trd a':zGm;cifwkd@rS 1959 ckESpf/ ZGefv (25)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJh onf? OD;jrifhatmifonf ody`H("mwkaA')bJG@udk &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUokdvfrS 1985 ckESpfwGifwGif&¶SdcJhonf? bJG@&+yD;(2)ESpfr# ausmfpGm"mwfajr=oZmpuf±HkwGifvkyfudfkif+yD;aemuf udk,fydkifqefpufvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? uHr+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–; wm0ef,lcJhI aZG@rdaus;&Gm/ +rdL@wGifaeonf? 1991 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (8)&ufae@pGJjzihf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS OD;jrifhatmiftm; v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSE_wfxGufcGifhðya=umif; a=unmcJhonf? ,if;a=unmcsufwGif OD;jrifhatmifu - 155 -

rdrdonf EkdifiHawmftm;vufeufpGJudkfifawmfvSefykefuefaom aomif;usef;oltzJG@tpnf;rsm;ESifh 1990 jynfh ESpf/ atmufwkdbmvrSpIyl;aygif;+yD; ,if;wkd@xlaxmifonfpifòydiftpkd;&tzJG@wGif v,f,mESifhopfawm0ef}uD; tjzpfyg0ifcJha=umif;/ ,cktcg rdrdtrSm;udkf rdrdodojzifh Oya'abmiftwGif;okd@0ifa&mufcJh+yD;jzpfaomfvnf; rdrdonf jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'udk av;pm;vkdufemaomtm;jzifh uHròrd@e,fjynfol@v$wfawmf ukd,fpm;tjzpfta&G;cH&oltjzpfrS E_wfxGufcGifhðyyg&efawmif;cHvmI E_wfxGufcGifhðyvkdkufa=umif;azmfjyyg&Sd onf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'Dzifbmv (18)&ufae‹wGif vGwfajrmufe,fajrrme,fyavmY jynfaxmifpkjrefrm EdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&zGJ@pnf;wnfaxmif+yD;aemufydkif; oGm;a&mufyl;aygif;cJhonf? ,if;tpdk;&tzGJ@Y v,f,mESifhopfawm0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;tjzpf 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'Dzifbmv (20)&ufae@wGif wm0efay;cef@tyf jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1991 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv(19)&ufae‹wGif xdkif;EdkifiH/ befaumuf+rdK@±Sd jrefrmppfoH±Hk;/ ppfoHrª; Adkvfrª;}uD;A[def;xHqufoG,fowif;ydk@I yJcl;wdkif;/ a±$awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) v$wfawmfudk,fpm; vS,f OD;oef;ºuG,fESifhtwl tzrf;cHcJhonf? 2? acsmufjrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;jrifhodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrifhodef;onf acsmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(29135)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(76²31)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh &onf? tz OD;&J.om;/ yk*Hòrd@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1942 ckEpS f/ pufwifbmv (13)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;jrifhodef; onf 1948 ckESpfrS 1956 ckESpftxd acsmuf+rdK@a&tdk;pOftpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;rS owWrwef;atmifjrifcJhI 1959 ckESpfwGif bDtkdpDtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS (10)wef;atmifjrifonf? 1975 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuU odkvfrS 0dZ…m(orkdif;)bJG@&cJhonf? 1960 jynfhESpfwGif jrefrmha&eHaumfydka&;&Sif;wGiftr_xrf;cJh+yD;/ 1972 ckESpf wGifacsmufa&eHajrYwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? jrefrmha&eHaumfydka&;±Sif;/ acskmufa&eHajrYwm0efxrf;aqmif aepOf 1974 ckESpf/ ta&;tcif;wGifyg0ifcJhr_jzifh rqvtpdk;&u tvkyfrSxkwfypfcJhonf? acsmufòrd@e,ftrsdK; om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif OuUX tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1998 ckESpfwGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS acsmuf+rdK@ xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif ac:,lxdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; 2001 ckESp/f Zlvdkifv (6)&ufae@wGif jyefvGwf onf? 2003 ckESpf/ {+yDv (12)&ufae@wGif ‚if;.aetdrfY acsmuf+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf ¶Hk;cef;zGifh vSpfyGJusif;ycJh&m 'kwd,OuUX ol&OD;wifOD;ESifh taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unfwdk@rS qdkif;bkwf wifzGifhvSpfay;cJhonf? arv (30)&ufae@ 'DyJ,if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vkyf}uHwdkufcdkufowfjzwfr_}uD;jzpfyGm;t+yD;/ wjynfvHk;¶SdtzGJ@csKyf¶Hk;rsm;tm; etz rS rw&m;ydwfjypfcJh&m OD;jrifhodef;rdom;pkrSm nDDjzpfol jrefrmha&eH0efxrf; .tdrfwGif oGm;a&mufaexdkifcJh&&mrS nDjzpfoltm; tm%mydkifrsm;u t=uyfudkif+cdrf;ajcmufzdtm;ay;cJhojzifh nDjzpfol.tdrfrS rdom;pkESifhtwlxGufcGmay;cJh&ojzifh aexdkifp&mr¶Sd tcuftcJ}uHKcJh &onf? 3? acsmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? a'gufwm!Gef@pdef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwm!Gef@pdefonf acsmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(28501)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(74²91)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? oefvsif+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1928 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (11)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;armifarmif;.om;jzpf onf? a'gufwm!Gef@pdefonf 1954 ckESpfwGif &efukefaq;wuUodkvfrS q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1954 ckESpfrS - 156 -

1957 ckESpftxd wm0efusq&m0ef iSufzsm;Xme/ &efukefaq;±Hk}uD;/ 1957 ckESpfrS 1964 ckESpftxd vufaxmufq&m0ef acsmuf/ oefvsif/ (bDtkdpD)/ 1963 ckESpfrS 1976 ckESpftxd vufaxmufq&m0ef}uD;/ q&m0ef}uD;/ jrefrmha&eHaq;±Hk(acsmufa&eHajr)/ 1977 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd q&m0ef}uD;/ jrefrmha&eHaumfydk a&;¶Sif;(±Hk;csKyf)/ 1988 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmvwGif oufjynfhyifpif,lcJhonf? 1977 ckESpfwGif urBmhusef;rma&;tzJG@ tpDtpOfjzihf a&eHESihfa&eH"mwkvkyfom;rsm; vkyfief;cGifusef;rma&;ynmavhvm&ef taemuf*smr%D/ a[mf vef/ tD&ef/ tD*spf/ tif'dkeD;&Sm;wkd@odk@oGm;a&mufcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&; awmfyHk}uD;wGif jrefrmha&eHaumfydka&;¶Sif;(±Hk;csKyf) vkyfom;rsm;or*~ (,m,D) OuUX tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dkwwfodynm&SiftzJG@0if/ rauG;wkdif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwDtzGJ@0if tjzpfaqmif ¶GufcJhonf? 4? *ef@a*g+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;atmifxl;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifxl;onf *ef@a*g+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdu k a&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(32587)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(75²05)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;barmf/ trd a':cspfjrwkd@rS 1930 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (20)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;atmifxl; onf 0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJh+yD; 1951 ckESpfrS 1957 ckESpftxd uu(aiGpm&if;)/ 1960 jynfhESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd *ef@a*g +rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif txufwef;jyq&m/ 1983 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd vufaxmufòrd@e,f ynma&;r–;/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHkumvwGif 0efxrf;or*~ OuUX tjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? 2004 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (26)&ufae@wGif ESvHk;a&m*gjzifhuG,fvGefonf? 5? izJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;=unfvGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;=unfvGifonf izJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf ,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(10807)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(70²54)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rif;bl;+rdK@ Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGef;¶Sif/ trd a':cifat;wdk@rS 1955 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (7)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;=unfvGifonf rauG;aumvdyfrS 0dZ…m(ordkif;)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1979 ckESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd rlvwef;jy ausmif;q&m(aygif;uav;/ yef;'ef;)/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0if cJhonf? ZeD; a':jraX;ESifh om;orD;(2)OD;xGef;um;onf? izJ+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf +rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk; a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (10)&ufae@wGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rSzrf;qD;I rauG;+rdK@ wyfr (88)twGif; xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&+yD;/ 1999 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (26)&uf ae@wGif usef;rma&;raumif;ojzifh jyefv$wfay;cJhonf? 2000 jynfhESpf/ arv (7)&ufae@wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf; jcif;cHcJh&+yD;/ 2001 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (9)&ufae@wGif o&uftusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 6? pvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;wm/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

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OD;wmonf pvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(28490)rJ/ pkkpkayg0if;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(71²15)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? pvif;òrd@e,f/ vif;Zif;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;at;armif/ trd a':pef;=unfwdk@rS 1948 ckESpf/ ZGefv (10) &ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;wmonf 1972 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`HbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1972 ckESpfwGif apwkwˆ&m+rdK@e,for0g,rwGif pm&if;ppfvkyfcJh+yD;/ 1975 ckESpfrSpI udk,fydkifvkyfief; qefpuf/ qDpufvkyfcJhonf? ZeD; a':at;at;rdk;ESifh om;orD;(3)OD;xGefum;onf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@ 'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? pvif;+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX tjzpf aqmif¶Guf cJhonf? 1998 ckESpfwGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS acsmuf+rdK@¶Sd xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif ac:,lzrf;qD; xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 7? pvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;uHOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;uHOD;onf pvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(28220)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(71²04)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;vS&D/ trd a':cifEkwdk@rS 1952 ckESpf/ arv (11)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? pvif;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;uHOD;onf &efukefpufr_wuUodkvfrS 1977 wGif tif*sifeD,m(v#yfppfpGrf;tm;)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? ZD;jzLyif&Gm wJGzuftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif txufwef;jyq&mvkyfcJhonf? ZeD; a':0rf;=unfESifh orD;wpfOD;xGef; um;onf? qifjzLu|ef;+rdK@ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? 1998 ckESpf wGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS acsmuf+rdK@¶Sd xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jzif;cHcJh&+yD; 2001 ckESpf/ ZGefv (28)&ufae@wGif jyefvGwfonf? 8? apwkwW&m+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;tHh=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tHh=unfonf apwkwˆ&m+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI0if a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvkHrJ(9995)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_H;(62²08)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf/ apwkwˆ &m+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;&mcsdef/ trd a':r,fwifwdk@rS 1938 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (31)&ufae@ wGifarG;zGm;cJh onf? OD;thH=unfonf 0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? ynmtkyf/ &kH;pma&;/ rlvwef;jy/ rlvwef;ausmif;tkyf/ tv,fwef; jy/ wm0efcHtv,fwef;ausmif;tkyf/ txufwef;jyponfjzihf tESpfoHk;q,fr#ynma&;wm0efxrf;¶GufcJh onf? txufwef;jyausmif;q&mb0jzifht+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? ZeD; a':wif=unfESifh om;orD;(5)OD;xGef;um; onf? 1974 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,fjynfol@aumifpD0iftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? apwkwˆ&m+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif +rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1998 ckESpfwGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS acsmuf+rdK@¶Sd xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jzif;cHcJh&+yD; usef;rma&;raumif;ojzifh aq;0g;ukor_cH,lEdkif&ef jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufcJh&onf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG a¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1999 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (17)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1441)jzifh jynfol@ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f tjzpfrSEkwfxGuf+yD; aq;0g;ukor_cH,laepOf uG,fvGefcJhonf?

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9? qifaygif0J+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;[HaZmf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;[HaZmfonf qifaygif+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(22637)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(61²23)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? qifaygif0J+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGef;a&$.om;jzpfonf? 1940 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (2)&ufae@zGm;jzpf onf? OD;[efaZmfonf qifaygif0J+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 196364 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfrS0dZ…mwef;atmif+yD; 1965 ckESpfwGif Akdvfavmif;oifwef;tywfpOf(32)/ arSmfbDAdkvfoifwef;ausmif;odk@wufa&mufcJhonf? wyfrawmfjyefwrf;0ift&m&Sdtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD; 1977 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmfrSt+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? rauG;wdkif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf wdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&; aumfrwD OuUX tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (6)&ufae@wGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; 2001 ckESpf/ ZGefv (14)&ufae@wGif &JrGefwyf+rdK@xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfh&dyfom)rS jyefvGwfonf? 10? qdyfjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;pdk;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pkd;0if;onf qdyfjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf ,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(25100)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(74²89)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? qdyfjzL+rdK@ Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;armifuav;/ trd a':a&$wifwkd@rS 1944 ckESpf/ {+yDv (4)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;pdk;0if;onf rlvwef;ynmukd qdyfjzLtv,fydkif;q&mOD;cifausmif;wGifoif,lcJh+yD; tv,fwef;ESifhtxuf wef;ukd qdyfjzL+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ xkkdrS wuUodkvf0ifwef;udk acsmuf+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS atmifjrifcJhonf? &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS 0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? &efukefòrd@wGif ukefonfvkyfief;jzifh toufarG;onf? 11? aqm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;ausmfwif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmfwifonf aqm+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(18608)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(59²81)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;atmifausmf.om;jzpfonf? 1948 ckESpf/ ZGefv (16)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;ausmfwifonf rlv wef;rStxufwef;txd aw;aus;&Gm/ ausmufxk/ rif;wyfESifh rEWav;wdk@wGifynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfwGif rif;wyf+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS (10)wef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1973-74 ckESpfwGif rauG; aumvdyfrS 0dZ…m(yx0D)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1977 ckESpfwGif aqm+rdK@e,fpm&if;±Hk;Ytvkyf0ifcJhonf? vrf;pOfygwD0if/ wwd,ESifhpwkwˆt}udrf rauG;wdkif;aumifpD0if(tcsdefydkif;)/ 1988 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (16)&ufae@wGif 0efxrf; tjzpfrSE_wfxGufcJhonf? aqm+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? 12? awmifwGif;}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? - 159 -

OD;odrf;=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;odrf;=unfonf awmifwGif;}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(29363)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(71²37)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;atmifjrifh/ trd a':jroef;wdk@rS 1951 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (7)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJh onf? OD;odrf;=unfonf 1981 ckESpfwGif Oya'bJG@&&SdcJh+yD; w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aetjzpfvkdufygaqmif¶Gufonf? 1999 ckESpf/ ZGefv (11)&ufae@wGif jyKvkyfonfh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@. tpnf;ta0;qHk;jzwfcsuft& 1999 ckEpS f/ ZGefv (14)&ufae@&ufpGJygpmtrSwf 041§pnf;(pnf;¶Hk;)§99 jzifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; vHk;0udk,fpm;rjyKawmhonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fjzpfa=umif; xkwfjyefcJhonf? etz rS 2004 ckESpf/ arv (17)&ufae@wGifjyefvnfusif;yonfh trsdK;om;nDvmcHodk@ woD; yk*~vtjzpf a¶G;aumufyGJwGifa¶G;cs,fcHxm;&aomudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tpktzGJ@wGif yg0ifwufa&mufcJhonf? 13? awmifwGif;}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? a'gufwmoef;Edkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmoef;Ekdifonf awmifwGif;}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(27436)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(70²02)jzifh a&G;cs,fwif ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? awmifwGif;}uD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1951 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (2)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;odef;armif.om;jzpfonf? OD;oef;Edkifonf 1976 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmvwGif aq;wuUodkvf(2)/ r*Fvm'HkrS q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? q&m0efb0jzihf toufarG;onf? 1998 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (14)&ufae@wGif ppfaxmuf vSrf;a&;trSwf(15)rS rauG;+rdK@/ wyfr(88)¶Sd xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh &onf? 1999 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (4)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufcJhojzifh ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rSjyefv$wfay;cJhonf? 14? xD;vif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;apm0if;(c)OD;ausmfaZmvif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;apm0if;(c)OD;ausmfaZmvif;onf xD;vif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(14495)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(58²19)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? tz OD;ausmf!Gef@/ trd a':at;vSwkd@rS 1938 ckESpf/ arv (24)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;apm0if;(c)OD;ausmfaZmvif;onf 1955 ckESpfwGif *ef@a*g+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS (10)wef;atmif jrifcJhonf? &efukefwuUodkvfwGifqufvufynmoif=um;cJh&m oy`HbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1965 ckESpfrSpI owif;pm q&mtjzpfvkyfudkifcJh+yD;wzufwGif ukefoG,fpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;vkyfudkifcJhonf? OD;apm0if;(c)OD;ausmfaZm vif;onf &efukef-oefvsif wHwm;pDrHudef;twGuf ysOf;rem;+rdK@rSxkwf,lxm;aomopfrsm;tm; pDrHudef;odk@ o,f,lay;&ef udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfaqmif&GufaepOf opfrsm;ray;oGif;bJwdrf;a&Smifaeojzifh jynfolydkifypPnf; umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;Oya' yk'fr 6 (1)/ jypfr_qkdif&musifhxHk;Oya' yk'fr (512)t& omauw+rdK@e,f w&m;±Hk;wGifw&m;pGJqdkxm;+yD; w&m;cHajy;tjzpfa=unmxm;cJhonf? ,if;aemuf OD;apm0if;(c)OD;ausmfaZm vif;onf 1963 ckESpf/ trsm;ESifhoufqkdifaomypPnf;umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;Oya' yk'fr(3)t& jypfr_xif - 160 -

&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr (11)(n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfukdf,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsuf a=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (12)&ufae@ wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(958)jzifh a=unmcJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (7)&ufae@wGif om,m0wDaxmif twGif;Y uG,fvGefcJhonf? 15? ewfarmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;AdkvfaxG;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;AkdvfaxG;onf ewfarmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(25806)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(78²59)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh &onf? ewfarmuf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bkd;atmif/ trd a':jrwkdk@rS 1926 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;AkdvfaxG;onf tv,fwef;jyq&mjzpfatmifjrifcJhonf? 1953 ckESpfrS 1957 ckESpftxd tpdk;&rlvwef; ausmif;q&m}uD; rauG;(&Sm;yifvS&Gm)/ 1957 ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd tv,fwef;jy/ tpdk;&txufwef; ausmif;(ewfarmuf)/ vrf;pOfygwD0if/ +rdK@e,fpmayvkyfom; OuUX/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdk ua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif +rdK@e,f em,u tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? ewfarmuf+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyfwGif em,u tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (20)&ufae@wGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&; trSwf(15)rS rauG;+rdK@/ wyfr(88)¶Sd xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (1)&ufae@wGif usef;rma&;csdK@wJhojzifh ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rSjyefv$wfay;cJhonf? 16? ewfarmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;atmifjrifhodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifjrifhodef;onf ewfarmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(24168)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(67²55)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? ewfarmuf+rdK@/ atmifqef;&yfZmwdjzpfonf? tz a&S@aeOD;aeatmif(AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;.tpfukd)/ trd a':cifav;wkd@rS 1954 ckESpf/ ZGefv (13)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;atmifjrifhodef;onf ewfarmuf +rdK@wGif q,fwef;atmifjrifonftxdynmoif=um;cJhonf? awmifolvkyfief;vkyfudkifonf? ewfarmuf+rdK@ e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (14)&ufae@wGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;trSwf(15)rS rauG;+rdK@/ wyfr(88)¶Sd xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf; xm;jcif;cHcJh&+yD;/ 2001 ckESpf/ ZGefv (28)&ufae@wGif jyefvGwfonf? OD;atmifjrifhodef;zrf;qD;cHae&pOf 1999 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (1)&ufae@wGif ewfarmuf+rdK@Y jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fESpfOD;tm; vlwpk pk¶Hk; I ¶_wfcsuef@uGufatmf[pfyGJjyKvkyfEdkifa&;twGuf oufqdkif&m+rdK@e,ftm%mydkifrsm;ESifh ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS }uHhzGH@toif;0ifrsm;ESifh ynma&;XmerS q&m/ q&mrrsm;udktoHk;csv#uf +rdK@ay:Ytwif;t=uyfvufrSwfa&; xdk;cdkif;jcif;jyKvkyfcJh&m OD;atmifjrihfodef;.ZeD; ewfarmuf+rdK@e,fpm&if;¶Hk;rS pm&if;ppfrª;a':aX;atmiftm; vufrSwfa&;xdk;cdkif;onfudk jiif;qdkcJhojzifh ppfudkif;wdkif;¶Hk;odk@ajymif;a¶$@ypfcJhojzifh 1999 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (1) &ufae@wGif ajymif;a¶$@cJh&onf? 17? yckuUL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?

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a'gufwm=unfrif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwm=unfrif;onf yckuUL+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(42684)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(74²17)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;vSarmif/ trd a':zGm;usifwkd@rS 1958 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (24)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwm=unfrif;onf 1965 ckESpfrS 1969 ckESpftxd yckuUL+rdK@tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;trSwf(11)wGif av; wef;txdynmoif=um;cJhI 1970 jynfhESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd yckuUL+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1) wGifynmoif=um;cJh+yD; q,fwefatmifjrifcJhonf? 1976 ckESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxdf oGm;bufqkdif&maq; wuUodkvf&efukefwGif qufvufynmoif=um;cJh+yD; bD'DtufpfbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1983 ckESpfrSpI udk,fydkifoGm; aq;ukcef;zGifhxm;cJhonf? 1998 ckESpfwGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif ac:,l zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 2000 jynfh ESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (2)&ufae@wGifa=unmcsuftrSwf(1518)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS Ekwf xGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? 18? yckuUL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;v_difat;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;v_difat;onf yckuUL+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(40782)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(69²69)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;tkef;armif/ trd a':vS!Gef@wdk@rS 1942 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (17)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;v_difat;onf yckuUL+rdK@/ jrpfudkif;ausmif;rSav;wef;atmifjrifcJh+yD; yckuUL+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif; trSwf(2)rS wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1968 ckESpfwGif rEWav;wuUodkvfrS ody`HbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1969 ckESpfrS 1973 ckESpftxd +rdKif+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif txufwef;jy/ 1973 ckESpfrS 1981 ckESpftxfd yckkuUL+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)wGif txufwef;jy/ 1981 ckESpfrSpI udk,fydkifqeffta&mif; t0,fvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? &yfuGufEiS fh+rdK@e,f vlr_a&;vkyfief;rsm;wGifyg0ifaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1998 ckESpf wGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rSxdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xde;f odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ygwDpHk 'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 2000 jynfhESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (2)&ufae@wGif a=unm csuftrSwf(1519)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? 19? yGifhjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;ausmf&Sif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmf&Sifonf yGifhjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(19553)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(73²38)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? yGifhjzL+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;aomif;/ trd a':tkdwkd@rS 1929 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (28)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm; cJhonf? OD;ausmf&Sifonf 1974 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfrS0dZ…mbJG@ESifh 1977 ckESpfwGif ynma&;wuUodkvfrS ynma&;'Dyvkdrm&¶SdcJhonf? 1953 ckESpfrS 1981 ckESpftxd rlvwef;jyausmif;q&m/ tv,fwef;jy (tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ yGifhjzL+rdK@)/ txufwef;jy (ukef;apmif;)/ vufaxmufynma&;r–;(yGifhjzL+rdK@)/ òrd@e,fvHk;u|wftoHk;vHk;auspmwwfajrmufa&;wGif acgif;aqmifr_ay;±Hkomruudk,fwkdifyg0ifoif=um;cJhonf? - 162 -

yGifhjzL+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1998 ckESpfwGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS acsmuf+rdK@/ xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 20? yGifhjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? a'gufwmatmifrdk;ndK/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmatmifrdk;ndKonf yGifhjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(22496)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(73²58)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? yGifhjzL+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;!dk/ trd a':+idrf;wkd@rS 1958 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (13)&ufae@wGifarG; zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwmatmifrdk;!dkonf 1982 ckESpfwGif &efukefaq;wuUodkvf(1)rS q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1984 ckESpfrSpI udk,fydkifaq;ukocef;zGifhxm;cJhonf? aq;ausmif;om;b0wGif vkyftm;ay;pm=u!fhwkdufr–; ESifh vrf;pOfvli,ftzGJ@wGifyg0ifcJhonf? yGifhjzL+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OD;aqmiftzJG@0ifwm0ef,lcJh onf? 1998 ckESpfwGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS acsmuf+rdK@/ xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xdef; odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&+yD;/ 2001 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (13)&ufae@wGifjyefvGwfonf? 21? ayguf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;cifarmif=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifarmif=unfonf ayguf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(17355)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(61²31)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? OD;[email protected];jzpfonf? 1954 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (30)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? ayguf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;cifarmif=unfonf 1974 ckESpfwGif q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhI 1979 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUokdvfrS ody`HbJG@&¶SdcJh onf? 1988 ckESpfwGif 0efxrf;tjzpfrES _wfxGufI ayguf+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif OD;aqmif aumfrwD0iftjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? e0w rS 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmvwGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;cJh&m 1992 ckESpf/ arv (27)&ufae@wGif yckuULaxmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (19)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,fzsufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 22? ayguf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;atmifEdkifOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifEkdifOD;onf ayguf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(14310)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(56²23)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? OD;bwif.om;jzpfonf? ayguf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1951 ckESpf/ ZGefv (24)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;atmifEkdifOD;onf 1957 ckESpfrS 1965 ckESpftxd ayguf+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif owWrwef;txd/ 1965 ckESpfrS 1968 ckESpftxd yckuUL+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)wGif (8)wef;rS (10)wef;txd ynmoif=um;cJh+yD; 1969 ckESpfwGif ayguf+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS (10)wef;atmifjrifcJhonf? aumifpD pma&;0efxrf;tjzpf (2)ESpfwm0efxrf;aqmif+yD; tvkyfrSxGufcJhonf? '\eduaA't"du 0dZ…mbmomwGJudk jyifyrS pwkwˆESpftxdajzqkdcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfrSpI ukkefonfvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? - 163 -

23? rauG;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;ausmfjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmfjrifhonf rauG;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(36954)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(77²7)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;pdef/ trd a':cifarwkd@rS 1943 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? ewfarmuf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;ausmfjrifhonf 1961 ckESpfwGif rauG;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)rS wuUokdvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJh+yD; 1966 ckESpfwGif rEWav;wuUodkvfrS 0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1967 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmf(=unf;) Adkvfoifwef;ausmif;/ arSmfbDodk@ wufa&mufcJh+yD; 1968 ckESpf/ ZGefvwGif jyefwrf;0ift&m&Sd 'kwd,Akdkvf/ wyfrawmfwGif Akdvf}uD;(cJGr–;/ Adkvfr–;) tqifhtxd wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD;/ 1984 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (13)&ufae@ wGif trSwf(15)ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS rauG;+rdK@/ wyfr(88)¶Sd xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif ac:,lzrf;qD; xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; 2001 ckEpS f/ ZGefv (28)&ufae@wGifjyefvGwfonf? 24? rauG+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;atmifpdk;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifpdk;onf rauG;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(34012)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(72²5)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;wif.om;jzpfonf? 1934 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (7)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;atmifpdk;onf 1945 ckESpfrS 1948 ckESpftxd jrpfem;ompnf tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ jrif;uGef;aus;&Gm tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJhI tv,fwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1948 ckESpfrS 1951 ckESpftxd a&eHacsmif;+rdK@tpdk;&txuf wef;ausmif;wGifynmoif=um;cJh+yD; txufwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1952 ckESpfrS 1974 ckESpftxd pmwkdkufESifh a=u;eef;pm&if;ppfXme vufaxmufaiGpm&if;0ef/ rif;bl;+rdK@e,fpm&if;±Hk; pwkwˆ!ìef=um;a&;r–;/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,fOD;pD;r–;tqifh(2) +rdK@e,fpm&if;±Hk;/ rauG;wkdif; pm&if;OD;pD;r–;tjzpf wm0efxrf;¶GufcJh onf? 1996 ckESpfwGif ‚if;aexdkif&m rauG;+rdK@/ jynfawmfomwdkufcef;/ trSwf(5§c)rS twif;tusyfz,f¶Sm; cdkif;jcif;cHcJh&ojzifh z,f¶Sm;ay;cJh&onf? 1998 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (13)&ufae@wGif trSwf(15)ppfaxmufvSrf;a&; rS rauG;+rdK@/ wyfr(88)¶Sd xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif ac:,lzrf;qD; xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; 2001 ckESpf/ ZGefv (14)&ufae@wGifjyefvGwfonf? 25? +rdK@opf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;omatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;omatmifonf +rdK@opf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(13798)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(65²28)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? +rdK@opf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;atmifaomif;/ trd a':tHk;&ifwkd@rS 1955 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;omatmifonf q,fwef;txdoif=um;cJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmf yHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? +rdK@opf+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf +rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1998 - 164 -

ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (21)&ufae@wGif trSwf(15)ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS rauG;+rdK@/ wyfr(88)¶Sd xdef;odrf;a&;pcef; ({nfha*[m)wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; 2001 ckESpf/ ZGefv (28)&ufae@wGifjyefvGwfonf? 26? +rdK@opf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2)? OD;cspfaxG;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cspfaxG;onf +rdK@opf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(15647)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(69²82)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? +rdK@opf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 13-7-65 zGm;/ tz OD;wifarmif/ trd a':aygufpwdk@rS 1965 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (13) &ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;cspfaxG;onf 1987 ckESpfwGif ody`H(±lyaA')bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? +rdK@opf+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf +rdK@e,f pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1988 ckESpfu +rdK@opf+rdK@e,fvrf;pOfvli,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwDrS pm¶Gufpmwrf; rsm;/ pma&;ud&d,mESifh toHk;taqmifrsm;tm; oydwftzGJ@rSrD;¶d_@zsufqD;cJhonf[kqdkum (8)ESpfcef@=umrS tr_ zGifhw&m;pGJqdkI axmif'%fcsrSwftjypfay;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 2001 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (1)&ufae@wGif o&ufaxmif rSjyefvGwfonf? 27? rif;wkef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;xGef;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGef;0if;onf rif;wkef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(20241)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²01)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;OD;om/ trd a':wifwkd@rS 1929 ckESpf/ {+yDv (17)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;xGef;0if;onf a&eHacsmif;+rdK@ wGif (9)wef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1953 ckESpfwGif ZeD; a':opfESifh rif;wkef;+rdK@wGiftdrfaxmifusonf? "mwfyHkESihfpmyHkESdyfvkyfief;rsm;jzihftoufarG;onf? 1988 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (24)&ufae@rSpI rif;wkef; +rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif OuUXtjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1998 ckESpfwGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 2000 jynfhESpf/ {+yDv (7)&ufae@ eHeuf(11)em&DtcsdefwGif rif;wkef;+rdK@e,f &Jpcef;rª;OD;xdefeef;ESifh&Jom;rsm;u OD;xGef;0if;.aetdrfa¶S@wGif OD;xGef;0if;.om; udkvwfzGifhxm;onfh AD'D,dk tacGiSm;qdkifodk@ 0ifa&muf¶SmazG=u+yD;/ vdkifpifrJhEdkifiHjcm;AD'D,dktacGrsm;awG@¶Sdonf[kqdkum rif;wkef;+rdK@bk&m; }uD;0if;Y touf(70)jynfhtjzpf Oyk'f}uD;0ifaeonfh OD;xGef;0if;tm;oGm;a&mufzrf;qD;ac:aqmifvmcJh+yD;/ &Jpcef;wGifcsKyfxm;I OD;xGef;0if;tm; ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS tzGJ@csKyftzGJ@0iftjzpfESifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,f pm;vS,ftjzpfrSE_wfxGufa=umif; vufrSwfa&;xdk;ay;&ef t"rR+cdrf;ajcmuft=uyfudkifcJhonf? OD;xGef;0if;rS rdrd,Hk=unfcsufudkrpGef@v$wfEdkifa=umif;ajymqdkI cdkifcdkifrmrm&yfwnfcJhojzifh vdkifpifrJhAD'D,dkacGvuf0,fxm;¶Sd r_jzifh tr_zGifhw&m;pGJqdk+yD; axmif'%f(3)ESpfcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 2001 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (9)&ufae@wGif o&uftusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 28? rif;bl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;pdk;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

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OD;pdk;jrifhonf rif;bl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(21324/)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(74²81)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1946 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (3)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;[email protected];jzpfonf? OD;pdk;jrifhonf 1968 ckESpfwGif rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkfvf ody`H(owWaA')bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1968 ckESpfrS 1974 ckESpftxd txufweff;jy ausmif;q&m (qifjzLu|ef;+rdK@/ yGifhjzL+rdK@)/ 1974 ckESpfrSpI ukefonfvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? rif;bl;+rdK@e,fESifh rauG;wdkif; trsdK;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwdk@wGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmvwGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (n)jzifhtif;pdeftusOf;axmif wGif axmif'%f(14)ESpfjypf'%fay;jcif;cHcJh&&m ,ae@wdkifjzpfonf? 29? rif;bl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;vSpdk;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSpdk;onf rif;bl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(20719)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(84²72)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;pdef/ trd a':odef;wifwkd@rS 1934 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (20)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;vSpdk;onf q,f wef;atmifonftxdynmoif=um;cJhI 1951 ckESpfwGifwyfrawmfokd@0ifa&muftr_xrf;cJhonf? 1953 ckESpfrS 1962 ckESpftxd Adkvfavmif;oifwef;qif;+yD; 'kAkdvfrS Adkvf}uD;txd/ 1964 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd yxrywf au'goifwef;qif;/ rif;bl;c±dkifygwDpnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;/ a'gyHk+rdK@e,fygwD,lepf OuUX/ ucsifjynfe,fwdkif;cJGESifh a'o twGif;a&;r–;/ u,m;jynfe,fa'oygwDaumfrwD OuUX/ 1978 ckESpf/ Ekd0ifbmvwGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOf ygwDtwGif;jy\emjzpf&m atmifausmv f if;ppfqifa&;jzifh a'oygwDaumfrwD OuUX (14)OD;tm;xdef;odrf; &mwGifyg0ifonf? 1980 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmvwGif xdef;odrf;xm;&mrSjyefvnfvGwfajrmufonf? 1980 jynfhESpfaemufydkif; udk,fydkifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfcJhonf? 1999 ckESpf/ ZGefv (11)&ufae@wGifjyKvkyfonfh trsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@. tpnf;ta0;qHk;jzwfcsuft& 1999 ckESpf/ ZGefv (14)&ufae@ &ufpGJygpmtrSwf 041§pnf;(pnf;¶Hk;)§99 jzifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; vHk;0udk,fpm;rjyKawmhonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fjzpfa=umif;xkwfjyefcJhonf? etz rS 2004 ckESpf/ arv (17)&ufae@wGifjyef vnfusif;yonfhtrsdK;om;nDvmcHodk@ woD;yk*~vtjzpf a¶G;aumufyGJwGifa¶G;cs,fcHxm;&aomudk,fpm;vS,f rsm;tpktzGJ@wGif yg0ifwufa&mufcJhonf? 30? rif;vS+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;cspfwif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cspfwifonf rif;vS+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd ;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(21631)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(56²68)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;xGef;wif/ trd a':puDwdk@rS 1945 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (3)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;cspfwifonf ody`HbJG@/ txufwef;a&S@aeESifh rSwfyHkwifOya'bJG@wkd@&onfh w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aejzpfonf? 1969 ckESpfrS 1979 ckESpftxd txufwef;jyausmif;q&m (o&uf/ rif;vS)/ 1979 ckESpfwGif emrusef;yifpif,lcJhonf? 1350 jynfh ESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? rif;vS+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? OD;cspfwifonf 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (29)&ufae@u tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqEN - 166 -

e,ftrSwf(2) jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrfwGifðyvkyfcJhaom v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;ESifh 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (30)&ufae@wGif rEWav;taemufawmif+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf±Hk;wGifðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpdk;&zJG@pnf;a&;v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;odk@ wufa&mufcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua& pDtzGJ@csKyf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;zJG@pnf;xm;aom Hard Core (6)OD;wGifyg0ifonf? 1990 jynfh ESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (1)&ufae@u rEWav;-arðrd@um;vrf;ab; qefpuf0if;xJwGifðyvkyfcJho!fh e,fpyf wpfae&modk@ jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (20) odk@r[kef (25)OD;cef@oGm;a&muf+yD; ,m,Dtpdk;&zJG@pnf; r!fhv#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;odk@vnf;wufa&mufcJhonf? ,if;a=umifh oufqkdif&muzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;cJhonf? ,if;aemuf OD;cspfwifonf jypfr_qkdif&mOya' yk'fr (122)(1)t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyGJ Oya' yk'fr (11)(n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzihf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfryS ,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (18)&ufae@wGifa=unmcJhonf? aemif wGifjyKvkyfr!fha±G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,Sof+ydKifcGifhudkvnf;ydwfyifcJhonf? 1992 ckEpS f/ ZGefv (29)&ufae@wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrSjyefvGonf? 1999 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (1)&ufae@wGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS &efukef+rdK@ wGif &JrGefwyfpcef;¶Sd xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;cJh+yD;/ 1999 ckESpf/ rwfv (29) &ufae@wGif rauG;+rdK@/ wyfr(88)¶Sd xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;odk@ ajymif;a¶$@xdef;odrf;xm;cJhonf? 1999 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (30)&ufae@wGif usef;rma&;a=umifh jyefv$wfay;cJhonf? 31? +rdKif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;atmifqef;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifqef;jrifhonf +rdKif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(30273)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(72²1)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? A[ef;+rdK@e,fZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;armifvS/ trd a':rr}uD;wkd@rS 1941 ckEpS fwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;atmifqef;jrifhonf A[ef;+rdK@e,f/ *srm;&dyfom/ jrLausmif;/ A[ef;tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wkd@wGif q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1956 ckESpfrS 1960 jynfhESpftxd A[ef;tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif; or*~0if/ 1961 ckESpf/ ðyjyifxdef;odrf;a&;avwyfpcef; t&yfom;atmufwef;pma&;/ 1965 ckESpfrS 1972 ckESpf txd vli,fhwyfOD; ArmEkdifiHajray:tvHeDtzJG@0if/ vli,fwyfOD;(tvHeD)wGifyg0ifr_jzifh rqv tpdk;&u 1966 ckESpfrSpI tif;pdefaxmifwGifav;ESpf/ udkudk;u|ef;wGifESpfESpfzrf;qD;axmifcsxm;cJh+yD; 1972 ckESpfwGif jyefv$wf ay;cJhonf? 1973 ckESpfwGif +rdKif+rdK@e,fae a':pdefa&$ESifhvufxyfI orD;wOD;xGef;um;onf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif &Gmopfaus;&Gmoydwfacgif;aqmif/ 1989 ckESpfwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ‹csKyfzGJ‹pnf;o!fhtcg +rdKif+rdK‹e,fpnf;±Hk;a&;tzGJ‹0ifjzpfvmcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ puf wifbmv (30)&ufae@u rEWav;+rdK@wGifðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpdk;&v#dK@0SufzJG@pnf;a&;tpnf;ta0;odk@ wuf a&mufcJhojzifh oufqkdif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;cJhonf? xkd@aemuf jypfr_qkdif&mOya' yk'fr (112)(1)t& jypfr_ xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyJGOya' yk'fr (11)(n)ESifh+idfpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,f zsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (6)&ufae@ wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(996)jzifh xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? aemifwGifjyKvkyfr!fha±G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOf +ydKifcGifhudkvnf;ydwfyifcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ ZGefv (29)&ufae‹wGifaxmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 32? +rdKif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;jrifhatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - 167 -

OD;jrifhatmifonf +rdKif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(28340)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(72²08)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;odrf;armif/ trd a':cifoef;wdk@rS 1959 ckESp/f arv (18)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;jrifhatmifonf +rdKif+rdK@tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)ESifh +rdKif+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)wdk@wGif (10)wef;atmif jrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? q,fwef;atmifjrif+yD;aemuf yckuULa'oaumvdyfESihf &efukef+rdK@wdk@wGif qufvufynmoif=um;cJh&m 1984 ckESpfwGif ody`H("mwkaA')bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 33? a&p}udK+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;armfeD/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armfeDonf a&p}udK+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(28381)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(64²4)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;armfwif.om;jzpfonf? 1948 ckESpf/ arv (21)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? a&p}udK+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;armfeD onf 1968 ckESpfwGif a&p}udK+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS tajccHtxufwef;atmifjrifI 1973 ckESpfwGif Oya'0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1976 ckESpftxd &efukefwGif tvkyfoifa&S@aeESifha&S@aevkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1976 ckESpfrSpI w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aetjzpfvdkufygaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 34? a&p}udK+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;wifarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifarmifonf a&p}udK+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(29316)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(64²23)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? a&p}udK+rdK@e,f/ uHopfaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pdef/ trd a':oef;wifwkd@rS 1945 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm; cJhonf? OD;wifarmifonf 0dZ…m(Oya')ESifh Oya'0dZ…mbJG@wdk@udk &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUokdvfrS 1974 ckESpfwGif &¶SdcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@ae tjzpfvkdufaqmif¶GuftoufarG;onf? OD;wifarmifonf “rdrdonf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;ðyI v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfa&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHxm;&oljzpfa=umif;/ a&p}udK+rdK@e,f trsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tzJG@0iftcsKd@onf Oya'udkav;pm;vkdufemr_r&SdbJ rdrdwdk@xif&mjrif&mudk a&;om;ðyrl ajym qdkr_rsm;&Sdaea=umif;/ aemufaemifwGif Oya'ESifhrnDaomðyvkyfr_rsm;jzpfay:vmygu rdrd.*k%foduQmESifh tzJG@ csKyf.*k%foduQm xdckdufusqif;zG,f&mrsm;jzpfay:EkdifygI rdrdtm;v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS E_wfxGufcGifh ðyyg&ef aumfr&Sifokd@wifjyvmI aumfr&SifuE_wfxGufcGifhðya=umif;” 1991 ckESpf/ ZGefv (4)&ufae@wGif a=u nmcsuftrSwf(931)jzifh a=unmcJhonf? 35? a&eHacsmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? ocif-cif!Gef@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

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ocif-cif!Gef@onf a&eHacsmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(24703)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(76²14)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? txufrif;vS+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;jrwf}uD;/ trd a':=uifr_Hwdk@rS 1914 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (6)&ufae@ wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? ocifcif!Gef@onf 1931 ckESpfu a&eHacsmif;+rdK@wGif 'dk@Armtpnf;t±Hk;udk pwifwnf axmifI wGJzuftwGif;a&;r–;wm0ef/ 1300 jy!fhta&;awmfyHk tvkyform;acgif;aqmif/ (axmif'%fwpfESpf uscHcJh&onf?) tm&Svli,f OuUX/ zufqpfawmfvSefa&; +rdK@e,facgif;aqmif/ armfuGef;0if&onf? xkdrS a&eH acsmif;+rdK@ aps;or*~wnfaxmifol/ pme,fZif;ukd,fpm;vS,f/ urBmh+idrf;csrf;a&;uGef*&uf 'kwd,OuUX/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;nD!Gwfa&;wyfaygif;pk(y-r-n-w) acgif;aqmif/ 1956 ckESpfwGif &efukef+rdK@ Y pmayavmupmtkyfwkdufudkwnfaxmifonf? 'kd@Arm tpnf;t±Hk;orkdif;jyKpka&;aumfrwD0if aqmf=oa&; r–;/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifwufºuGpGmyg0ifcJhonf? vli,fnD!Gwf a&;wyfaygif;pkwGif em,utjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (6)&ufae@wGif ppfaxmuf vSrf;a&;rS xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;cJh+yD;/ pufwifbmv (14)&ufae@wGif touft¶G,fESifhusef;rma&;t& jyefv$wfay;cJhonf? 36? a&eHacsmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;cifausmf[ef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifausmf[efonf a&eHacsmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(23516)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(76²89)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? a&eHacsmif;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;odef;[ef/ trd a':cif+yHK;wkd@rS 1953 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (23)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;cifausmf[efonf a&eHacsmif;+rdK@ trSwf(1)tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS tajccHynmtxufwef;atmifjrifcJh+yD; Oya'bGJ@aemufqHk;ESpftxdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1972 ckESpfrS 1987 ckESpftxd jrefrmha&eHaumfydka&;&Sif;wGif 'k-ypPnf;xdef;(puf)tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD; 1987 ckESpf wGif wm0efrSt+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1974 ckESpf/ a&eHacsmif;a&eHajrtvkyform;oydwfwGif wufºuGpGmyg0if v_yf&Sm;cJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfykH}uD;+yD;aemuf a&eHacsmif;+rdK@wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf±Hk;udkpwifzGJ@pnf;wnfaxmif&mwGifyg0ifcJh+yD; +rdK@e,ftvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@ OuUX tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1992 ckESpfrS 1995 ckESpftxd o&uftusOf;axmifwGif (3)ESpfuscHcJh&onf? 1998 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (14)&ufae@wGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;trSwf(15)rS rauG;+rdK@/ wyfr(88)¶Sd xdef;odrf;a&;pcef; ({nfha*[m)wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 2001 ckESpf/ ZGefv (28)&ufae@wGifjyefvGwfonf? 2001 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (4)&ufae@wGif xdkif;-jrefrme,fpyf vGwfajrmufe,fajrodk@a&muf¶Sdonf? 37? o&uf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;cifarmifoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifarmifoef;onf o&uf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(34879)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(74²01)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? o&uf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bopf/ trd a':wifwifwkd@rS 1930 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (11)&ufae@wGifarG; zGm;cJhonf? OD;cifarmifoef;onf 1963 ckESpfwGif 0dZm… (ynma&;)ESifh 1970 jynfhESpfwGif ynma&;0dZ…mbGJ@wkd@& ¶SdcJhonf? 1956 ckESpfrS 1979 ckESpftxd txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ tv,fwef;ausmif;ESifhtxufwef; - 169 -

ausmif; ausmif;tkyf/ +rdK@e,fynma&;r–;/ 1979 ckESpw f Gif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif wkdufyGJaumfrwD0ifESifh +rdK@jytkyfcsKyfa&;tzJG@ em,u tjzpf aqmif&Guf cJhonf? o&uf+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? 38? atmifvH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;!Gef@v_dif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;!Gef@v_difonf atmifvH+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(17310)rJ/ pkkpkaygi;f rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(57²45)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? atmifvH+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;xGef;v_dif.om;jzpfonf? 1939 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (6)&ufae@zGm;jzpf onf? OD;!Gef@v_difonf 1964 ckESpfwiG f &efukefwuUodkvfrS 0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1960-61 ckESpfwGif xD;wef; aumvdyf pnf;§wm0efcH/ 1961-62 ckESpfwGif &mrnaqmifo[m,ESifhpmzwftoif; OuUX/ 1962 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUokdvfo&ufc±dkifausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;toif; twGif;a&;r–;/ 1965 ckESpfrS 1979 ckESpftxd ukefoG,fa&;pm&if;udkif/ ausmif;q&m/ 1979 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lchJonf? ,if;aemuf rSwfyHkwifOya' oifwef;wufcJhonf? 1997 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (24)&ufae@wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1950 jynfh ESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (n)jzifh w&m;pGJqdkcH&+yD; tvkyfESifhaxmif'%f(5)ESpfjypf'%fcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh &onf? 2001 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (18)&ufae@wGif o&uftusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf? rauG;wdkif; pnf;&Hk;a&; [email protected]¾ma&;rSL;jzpfol OD;nGef@vd_iftm; cGifhjyKcsufr&dSbJaus;&Gmrsm;odk@uGif;qif;pnf;&Hk;onf// ygwDpnf;&Hk; a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk ajymifajymifwif;wif;aqmif&Gufonf// EdkifiHawmfvkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;tay: rxDrJhjrif jyKonf[laompGyfpGJcsufrsm;jzifh 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHrSKtufOya'yk'fr 5(n)jzifhta&;,ljyD; axmif '%f(5)ESpfcsrSwfcJhjcif;jzpfonf// 39? atmifvH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;odef;ZH/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;odef;ZHonf atmifvH+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(20717)rJ/ pkkpkaygi;f rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(61²79)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? OD;wif.om;jzpfonf? atmifvH+rdK@e,f/ 'k&*FAkdvfaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1938 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (15) &ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;odef;ZHonf 1945 ckESpfrS 1956 ckESpftxd uopfuefaus;&Gmbkef;}uD;ausmif;/ anmifyifqdyf tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ jynf+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ atmifvH+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef; ausmif;ESifh &efukeftvGwfynmoifausmif;rsm;wGif txufwef;txdynmoifcJh+yD;/ 1957-58 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUokdvfrS bDat-bDt,fvfbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? ukefoG,fa&;wGif acwW0ifvkyf+yD; 1968 ckESpfrSpI txufwef;a&S@ae(,m,D)/ tpdk;&a¶S@ae/ w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aeponfjzifhvkyfudkifcJhonf? &efukefwuUokdfvf ae@ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;toif;/ o&uffc±dkifausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;toif;/ abm*aA'toif;/ awmifilaqmif o[m,ESihfpmzwftoif;wkd@wGif OuUX tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG a¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1998 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (7)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1374)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf?

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(9) rEWav;wdkif;? awmifbufwGif yJcl;wdkif;/ taemufbufwGif rauG;wdkif;/ ajrmufbufwGif ppfudkif;wdkif;ESifh ta¶S@ bufwGif ¶Srf;jynfe,fwdk@wnf¶Sdonf? rEWav;wdkif;wGif rJqENe,f(56)e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(26)cktm;udk,fpm;jyK,SOf+ydKifol v$wf awmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(282)OD;/ woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(15)OD;/ pkpkaygif;(297)OD; 0if a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh=u&m trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(55)ae&mESifhwoD;yk*~v(1)ae&m/ toD;oD;a¶G;cs,fwif ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf? 1? ausmufqnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;atmifausmfOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifausmfOD;onf ausmufqnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(25415)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(71²63)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? ausmufqnf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ausmfcif/ trd a':cifjrOD;wkd@rS 1956 ckESpf/ arv (25) &ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;atmifausmfOD;onf 1980 jynfhESpfwGif &efukefpufr_wuUodkvfrS tif*sifeD,mbJG@ (csnf§txnf)&¶SdcJhonf? 1980 jynfhESpfrS 1983 ckESpt f xd a&$awmif(csnfr#ifESifhtxnf)puf±HkpDrHudef;ESifh txnfpuf±Hk(5)&efukef 0efxrf;/ 1984 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd udk,fydkifarmfawmf,mOfvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJh onf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdu k a&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 2? ausmufqnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;ausmf0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmf0if;onf ausmufqnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(22866)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(66²48)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? ausmufqnf+rdK@e,f/ ig;ajrmifaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;&Sdef/ trd a':xGef;=unfwkd@rS 1955 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (28)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;ausmf0if;onf 1979 ckESpfwiG f rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`H wuUodkvfrS ody`H("mwkaA')bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1988 ckESpfwGif txufwef;a&S@aepmar;yJGatmifjrifonf? 1980 jynfhESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd a&S@aeynmqnf;yl;cJhonf// 1982 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd wGJzuf txufwef;jy/ oH&GmwJGzuftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ 1982 ckESpfwGif a':cifjrESifhvufxyfcJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? ausmufqnf+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 3? ausmufyef;awmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;AdkvfZH/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

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OD;AdkvfZHonf ausmufyef;awmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(35320)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(70²87)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? ausmufyef;awmif;+rdK@e,f/ ta&S@tifwdkif;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;baomf/ trd a':at;v_difwkd@rS 1937 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (1)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;Adv k fZHonf 1964 ckESpfwGif rEWav;wuUodkvfrS 0dZ…mbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1965 ckESpfwGif pcef;r–;/ aumufyJoD;ESH t0,fpcef;(ausmufyef; awmif;+rdK@)/ 1965 ckESpfrS 1972 ckESpftxd XmecJGrefae*sm/ +rdK@e,fukefoG,fa&;(ausmufyef;awmif;/ yk*H/ anmifOD;/ aqm)/ 1972 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd qDpufvkyfief;(ausmufyef;awmif;)/ 1956 ckESpfwGif y-rn-w/ 1965 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD t&efygwD0if/ yky`g;awmifa*gufoD;&kduf toif; OuUX/ 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif +rdK@e,foydwfwyfaygif;pk 'kwd,OuUX/ ZeD; a':wifrESifhom;orD;(5)OD;xGef;um;onf? ausmufyef;awmif;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf +rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD0if tjzpfwm0ef,lchJonf? ,ck rEWav;wdkif; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf wdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶Gufv#uf¶Sdonf? 2003 ckESp/f arv (30)&ufae@ 'DyJ,if;aoG; acsmif;pD;vkyf}uHwdkufcdkufowfjzwfr_}uD;jzpfyGm;t+yD; ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; 2004 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (16)&ufae@wGif trSwf(16)axmufvSrf;a&;wyfrS jyefvGwfonf? 4? ausmufyef;awmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;aiGxGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;aiGxGef;onf ausmufyef;awmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(35735)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mE_ef;(68²44)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh &onf? ausmufyef;awmif;+rdK@e,f/ uifyGef;+cHK&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;omtd/ trd a':at;wifwdk@rS 1937 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (15)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;aiGxGef;onf 0dZ…m(ynma&;)ESifh ynma&;0dZ…mbJG@wkd@&¶SdcJh onf? 1957 ckESpfrSpI txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ ausmufyef;awmif;+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf (1)/ 1973 ckESpfrSpI tv,fwef;ausmif;tkyf/ txufwef;ausmif;tkyf/ 1984 ckESpfrSpI +rdK@e,fynma&;r–; ausmufyef;awmif;+rdK@/ 1988 ckESpf/ rwfv (1)&ufae@wGif ±Hk;pma&;wpfOD; rSm;,Gif;pGmðypkaom 1987 ckESpf/ tXrwef;ajzqkdolpm&if;ukd vufrSwfxdk;rdI vkyfoufjynfhyifpifay;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1982 ckESpfwGif jrefrmh qdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD wif;jynfhygwD0if/ 1986 ckESpfwGif tajccHEdkifiHa&;oifwef;trSwfpOf(53)qif;/ 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? ausmufyef;awmif;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif +rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 5? pOfhuljrdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;apmaX;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;apmaX;onf pOfhul+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf ,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(26079)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(65)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;b'if/ trd a':Zifwdk@rS 1934 ckESpf/ {+yDv (7)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;apmaX;onf 1962 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…mbGJ@ (ynma&;)bGJ@ESifh 1966 ckESpfwGif bDtD;'DbGJ@wdk@udk &efukefynma&; wuUodkvfrS&¶SdcJhonf? 1957 ckESpfrS 1972 ckESpftxd/ txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ xdk@aemufpOfhul+rdK@e,f ynma&;rª;tjzpfwm0efxrf;¶GufcJhonf? 1972 ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd pOfhul+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif; wGif ausmif;tkyftjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1975 - 172 -

ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd rEWav;taemufajrmuf+rdK@e,f ynma&;rª;tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? rEWav;wdkif;pnf; ¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD 'kwd,OuUX jzpfonf? 2003 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (19)&ufae@wGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS zrf;qD; xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; 2004 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (16)&ufae@wGif rEWav;tusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 6? pOfhudkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? a'gufwmpdk;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmpdk;jrifhonf pOfhudkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,Sof+ydKifcJh&m cddkifvHkrJ(18461)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(74²92)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh &onf? wHwm;OD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;oef;a&$/ trd a':tkef;arwdk@rS 1946 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (12)&ufae@ wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwmpdk;jrifhonf ausmufqnf+rdK@/ jynfvHk;Ekdiftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS wuUokdvf 0ifwef;atmifjrifI 1972 ckESpfwGif rEWav;aq;wuUodkvfrS q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? ar+rdK@/ tajccsppfaq;±Hk (1)wGif tvkyfoifq&m0eftjzpf(1)ESpfxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1983 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd udk,fydkifaq;cef;/ 1982 ckESpfwGif +rdK@e,fwkdif;&if;jrefrmorm;awmfrsm;tzJG@ OuUX/ 1971 ckESpfwGif a':EkEkat;ESifhvufxyfcJh onf? pOfhudkif+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? 7? pOfhudkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? a'gufwmvSpdk;!Gef@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmvSpkd;!Gef@onf pOf@udkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,Sof+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(15458)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(69²07)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? rEWav;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;[ef!Gef@/ trd a':cspfcspfwkd@rS 1957 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (11)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwmvSpkd;!Gef@onf 1983 ckESpfwGif rEWav;aq;wuUodkvfrS q&m0efbJG@ &¶SdcJhonf? ausmif;om;b0u vl&nfc|ef(e0rwef;)&onf? toHk;vHk;ESifhvli,fvkyftm;ay;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 1985 ckESpfwGif a'gufwma':aX;0if;ESifhvufxyfcJhonf? udk,fydkifaq;cef;zGifhxm;onf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? pOfhudkif+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ arv (30)&ufae@nwGif jzpfysufcJhonfh tm%mydkifrsm;udk,fwdkif yg0ifywfoufpDpOfusL;vGefcJhonfh 'DyJ,if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vkyf}uHwdkufcdkufowfjzwfr_}uD;twGif; a':atmifqef; pk=unfESifhtzGJ@.,mOfwef;wGifyg0ifvdkufygcJh+yD;/ vkyf}uHowfjzwfwdkufcdkufolrsm;&efrS toufrao vGwf ajrmufvmcJhonf? 8? anmifOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;csdK/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;csKdonf anmifOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(29884)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(69²11)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? anmifOD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ba&$/ trd a':jrtHkwdk@rS 1921 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;csKdonf Oypm ody`Htxufwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJhI ausmif;om;or*~/ tm&Svli,fESifh a&eHajrtvkyform;tpnf; - 173 -

t±Hk;wdk@wGifyg0ifcJhonf? ausmif;q&m/ axmufyHha&;ESifh a&eHt&m&Sd/ ysHoef;a&;vufaxmuf/ Adkvfavmif; oifwef;qif;/ &JtzJG@wGif ESpf(30)ausmf 'k&Jtkyfb0rS r_cif;vufaxmuf&Jrif;}uD;tqifhxd wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh onf? 1981 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? ZeD; a':pdef&ifESifh om;orD;(7)OD;xGef;um;onf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif vHk+cHKa&;ESifhat;csrf;om,ma&; OuUX/ anmifOD;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD0ifwm0ef,lcJhonf? 9? anmifOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;azwif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;azwifonf anmifOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(27691)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²12)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? ewWvif;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;wif/ trd a':vSykwdk@rS 1927 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (27)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;azwifonf owWrwef;atmifjrifcJhI 1942 ckESpfrS 1945 ckESpftxd tajrmufwyfom;/ wyfpdyfr–;/ 1946 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmfodk@0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1946 ckESprf S 1958 ckESpftxd ,mOfjyif(1) 'kwyf=uyf tif*sifeD,m wyfrS y-t&mcHAdkvftxd/ 1958 ckESpfrS 1961 ckESpftxd vHk+cHKa&;wyfzGJ@r–;(uu)/ 1962-63 ckESpfwGif wyfa&;/ OuUX evu tr&yl&/ twGif;a&;r–; ajr,maumfrwD rEWav;wkdif;ESifh opfxkwfvkyfa&;tzGJ@/ 1963 ckESpfrS 1965 ckESpftxd wyfpkr–;/ ppfa=umif;r–;/ cv&(11)/ 1965 ckESpfrS 1974 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,fOD;pD;refae*sm ukefoG,fa&;(anmifOD;§uGwfcdkif)/ 1974 ckESpfrSpI ‘rm;om;’wnf;ckd&dyfomvkyfief;&Sif/ ZeD;a':EkEkwifESifh om;orD;(4)OD;xGef;um;onf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif yk*H+rdK@/ +rdK@rd +rdK@ztzGJ@ em,u/ +rdK@e,frsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@ OuUX/ anmifOD;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf +rdK@e,fpnf;&Hk;a&;aumfrwD0ifwm0ef,lcJhonf? 10? wHwm;OD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;at&m/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;at&monf wHwm;OD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,Sof+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(16686)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(66²9)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? wHwm;OD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1921 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (1)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? ODzdk;0ef.om;jzpf onf? ODat&monf A[dkaemfrHausmif;rS txufwef;q&mjzpf([dkif;&m;*&dwf)ESifh ausmif;xGufvufrSwf& pmar;yGJudkygtvGwfajzqdkatmifjrifcJhonf? 1300 jy!fhESpf/ ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif wHwm;OD;+rdK@e,fausmif;om; rsm;or*~ OuUX/ oydwfacgif;aqmif/ ajratmufawmfvSefa&; tcsdefjy!fhtzJG@0if/ ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtdkifat)/ wHwm;OD;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;tzJG@0if/ ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf(bD'Dat)/ wyf&if;(1) wyfom;/ r*Fvm'HkAdkvfoifwef;ausmif; wwd,ywfAdkvfoifwef;qif;/ wyf&if;(3)/ wyfcJG(1)/ ±Hk;tkyf(tvkyfoifAfdkvf)/ *syefawmfvSefa&;wGif txufArmjynfwkdif;wm0efjzifh wHwm;OD;+rdK@wGifv_yf&Sm;cJhonf? z-q-y-v OuUX AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;.vHkòcHa&;wm0ef/ AdkvfcsKyfusqHk;+yD;aemuf +rdK@e,fwGif rlvwef;ESifhtv,fwef;jyq&m tjzpf t+idrf;pm;,lonftxdaqmif&GufchJonf? wHwm;OD;+rdK@e,frsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@ em,u ESifh pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 11? wHwm;OD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? - 174 -

OD;oef;eD/ trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef;eDonf wHwm;OD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,Sof+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvkHrJ(16432)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(63²42)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? wHwm;OD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 25-3-1931 ckESpf/ rwfv (25)&ufae@zmG ;jzpfonf? OD;om&Sef;.om;jzpf onf? OD;oef;eDonf 1964 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…m(ynma&;)bJG@/ 1968 ckESpfwGif0dZ…mbGJ@ESifh 1970 jynfhESpfwGif ynma&;0dZ…mbGJ@wkd@&¶SdcJhonf? 1954 ckESpfwGif tv,fwef;jyausmif;q&m/ 1958 ckESpfrS 1979 ckESpftxd txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ txufwef;ausmif;tkyf/ 1979 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1946 ckESpf/ EdkifiH vHk;qkdif&mausmif;om;oydwfwGif wHwm;OD;ausmif;om;oydwfacgif;aqmif/ Auorsm;tzJG@csKyf nDvmcH udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? wHwm;OD;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif +rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;rª; wm0ef,lcJhonf? 12? wyfukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;0rf;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;0rf;armifonf wyfukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(25422)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(66²74)jzifhf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? wyfukef;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;vS/ trd a':apmvS wkd@rS 1946 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (23)&ufae@ wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;0rf;armifonf wyfukef;+rdK@/ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)wGif q,fwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1967 ckESpfwGif a':wifoef;ESifhvufxyfcJhonf? pdkufysdK;arG;jrLa&;vkyfvsuf vlr_a&;/ bmoma&;toif;tzJG@rsm;wGif OD;aqmifOD;&GufjyKcJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&; awmfyHk}uD;wGif aus;&Gmtkyfpk(64)&Gmodk@ vS!fhvnfIa[majymaqG;aEG;cJhonf? wyfukef;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 13? wyfukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;0if;v_dif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;0if;v_difonf wyfukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(25894)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(71²31)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? uav;0+rdK@e,f/ uav;0pDrHudef;opfacsmif;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1963 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (27)&ufae@ zGm;jzpfonf? OD;atmifxGef;.om;jzpfonf? OD;0if;v_difonf &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`H(±lyaA') bJG@&¶SdcJhI rSwfyHkwifOya'pmar;yGJatmifjrifonf? 1989 ckESpfwGiftdrfaxmifjyKcJhonf? ukefonfwydkif; a&S@ae wykdif; toufarG;onf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf(A[kd)wGif A[dkvli,fvkyfief;tzJG@0ifESifh A[kdOD;pD;tzJG@0if wm0ef,lcJhonf? OD;0if;v_difonf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. *ENDcef;rqHk;jzwfcsuftwdkif; e0wxHrS v$wf awmfac:,lcGifhr&v#if vkyfaqmifoifho!fhenf;vrf;oHk;oG,fpmwrf;udk tzG@Jrsm;cJGIwkdifyifaqG;aEG;a&;om; =u&mwGif vli,fA[[email protected];aqmiftjzpfaqmif&GufcJho!fhtwGuf oufqdkif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf; jcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;0if;v_difonf 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr(5)(u)(c)(n)t& jypfr_xif&Sm; pD&ifjcif;cHcJh&I a&G;aumufyJGOya'yk'fr (11)(n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,fzsuf - 175 -

a=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (20)&ufae@ wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(987)jzifh a=unmcJhonf? aemif (10)ESpftwGif;jyKvkyfr!fha±G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if ,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf;ydwfyifcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (24)&ufae‹wGif ESpf±Snfaxmif'%ftjypf ay;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 14? awmifom+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;cspfcdkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cspfcdkif(aZ,sausmfxif/ oD&dysHcsD pnfol)onf awmifom+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(30026)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(67²64)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1921 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (7)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? awmifom+rdK@e,f/ oyGwfpk Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;a&$O.om;jzpfonf? OD;cspfckdifonf q,fwef;ausmif;om;b0wGif ausmif;om;or*~ acgif;aqmif/ 1940 jynfhESpfrS 1961 ckESpftxd ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bD/ tkdif/ at)/ ArmhumuG,fa&; wyfrawmf(bD/ 'D/ at)/ rsdK;cspfArmhwyfrawmf(yD/ AD/ tufzf)wdk@wGifygcJh+yD; udk,fydkiftrSwf (=unf;)3694 'kwd,Adkvfr–;}uD;b0jzifh 1961 ckESpfwiG ft+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1958 ckESpfrS 1960 jynfhESpftxd !¸ef=um;a&;r–; csKyf/ tvkyform;0ef}uD;Xme(AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;.tdrfapmifhtpkdk;&)/ EdkifiHh*k%f&nf(yxrqifh)/ armfuGef;0if (yxrqifh)&onf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dktwGif;a&;r–;ESifh rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@ A[dk taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r–;tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (1)&ufae‹wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSE_wfxGufa=umif; a=unmcsuf trSwf(963)jzifha=unmcJhonf? ,if;udpPESifhywfoufI taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;tjzpf‚if;aqmif±Gufaeo!fh rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ‹rS rdrdtzGJ‹tpnf;udktodray;bJ E_wfxGufo!fhtwGuf OD;cspfcdkifudk rlt& taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;tjzpfrSvnf;aumif;/ tzGJ‹0iftjzpfrSvnf;aumif;xkwfy,fcJhonf? tvm;wl trsdK; om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrSvnf; xkwfy,fcJhonf? e0w. trdef@trSwf(1§90)zDqefr_jzifh zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif; cHcJh&+yD;aemuf 1992 ckESpf/ {+yDv (26)&ufae‹wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 1993 ckESpf/ Zlvdkif v (18)&ufae@wGifuG,fvGefonf? 15? awmifom+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;oef;xGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef;xGef;onf awmifom+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(30086)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(70²38)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? a&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1990 jynfhESpf/ ZGefv (6)&ufae@wGif a}unmcsuftrSwf (609)jzifh rEWav;wkdif;/ awmifom+rdK@e,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf(2)rS a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif; cH&aom jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fjzpfa}umif;/ jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr(41)/ yk'fr cGJ(8)ESifhtnDa}unmtyfygonf[k azmfjya=unmcJhonf? 1922 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (10)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;zdk;rif;.om;jzpfonf? OD;oef;xGef;onf 1937 ckESpfrS 1941 ckESpftxd (10)wef;ausmif;om;/ jrif;+cH ausmif;om;or*~tr_aqmif/ 1942 ckESpfrS 1946 ckESpftxd ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bD/ tkdif/ at) tkyf csKyfa&;0if zufqpfawmfvSefa&; jrif;+cHc±dkifwm0efcH/ 1946 ckESpfrS 1953 ckESpftxd jrif;+cHc±dkif z-q-y-v twGif;a&;r–;/ 1947 ckESpfrS 1958 ckESpftxd wkdif;ðyjynfðyv$wfawmftrwf/ ygvDreftrwf/ ygvDrHtwGif;0ef/ - 176 -

1953 ckESpfrS 1962 ckESpftxd tvkyform; tpnf;t±Hk;rsm;tzJG@csKyf-ArmEdkifiH(wD-,l-pD-bD) twGif;a&;r–;/ 1964 ckESpfwGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD0if/ 1964 ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd ukefoG,fa&;(4)tzJG@0if/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dktvkyftr_aqmif/ txufArmjynfpnf;¶Hk;a&;wm0efcH/ A[kdktvkyform; tzJG@acgif;aqmifwm0ef,lcJhonf? 16? EGm;xdk;}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;yef;om/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;yef;omonf EGm;xkd;}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(25034)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(67²42)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? EGm;xkd;}uD;+rdK@e,f/ 0ufvl;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;vS&if/ trd a':vS}uD;wkd@rS 1924 ckESpf/ Zefe0g &Dv (31)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;yef;omonf rEWav;zm;om;vzke;f ausmif;rS owWrwef;atmifjrifcJh onf? 1941 ckESpfrS 1945 ckESpftxd tm&Svli,f/ zufqpfawmfvSefa&;wGif EGm;xdk;}uD;ajrmufbufjcrf; wm0efcH/ 1946 ckESpfrS 1948 ckESpftxd ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD +rdK@e,fpnf;±Hk;a&;tzGJ@0if/ 1948 ckESpf/ rwfv (28)&ufae@wGif rEWav;axmifY zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1949 ckESpfwGif rEWav;+rdK@tm; u&if olykefodrf;onfhtcg axmifrSjyefvnfvGwfajrmufcJhonf? 1951 ckESpfrS 1953 ckESpftxd ArmjynfuGefjrLepf ygwD +rdK@e,fOuUX/ 1953 ckESpfwGif tvif;0ifcJhonf? 1954 ckESpfwGif +rdK@e,f z-q-y-v tzGJG@0if/ 1957 ckESpf rS 1963 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,f z-q-y-v OuUX/ tvif;a&muf&Jabmfrsm;jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;aumfrwD vl}uD;/ 1963 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd EdkifiHa&;rStem;,lcJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pD ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 17? EGm;xdk;}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;pdef;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdfef;armifonf EGm;xkd;}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(22303)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(62²43)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? EGm;xkd;}uD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGef;pdef/ trd a':vS&ifwdk@rS 1930 jynfhESpf/ rwfv (25)&ufae@ wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;pdef;armifonf jrif;+cH+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif wuUodkvf0ifwef;txd ynm oif=um;cJh+yD; 1950 jynfhESpfwGif wyfrawmfodk@0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1950 jynfhESpfwGif vu&(1)wGif ausmif;qif;+yD; A[dkqufoG,fa&;/ ar+rdK@wm0ef/ 1965 ckESpfwGif Adkvfoifwef;trSwfpOf(34)qif; wAu(2) yky`g;/ 1965 ckESpfrS 1968 ckESpftxd xy&(222) a&$anmif/ 1980 jynfhESpfrS 1984 ckESpftxd xy&(525) armfvòrdif/ 1987 ckESpf/ Ekd0ifbmvwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pD ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? EGm;xdk;}uD;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfESifh rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm; tzJG@wdk@wGif wm0ef,lcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1996 ckESpf/ ZGefv (11)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1266)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufa=umif; a=u nmcJhonf? 18? ykodrf}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?

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OD;qef;!Gef@a0/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;qef;!Gef@a0onf ykodrf}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(16336)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(66²24)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? ausmufyef;awmif;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;apm/ trd a':apma&$wkd@rS 1952 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (5) &ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;qef;!Gef@a0onf rauG;aumvdyfwGif ±lyaA'yxrESpftxd oif=um;cJhonf// 1971 ckESpfwGif tvkyfoifAdkvfavmif; trSwfpOf(1)odk@wufa&mufcJhonf? 1973 ckESpfrS 1984 ckESpftxd tvkyfoifAdkvf cv&(1)/ 'kAdkvf cv&(6)/ Adkvf cv&(59)/ Adkvf}uD; cv&(74)/ cv&(4)/ 1984 ckESpfwGif t&yfbufjypfr_ (307)(c)t& wyfrawmfrSt+rJwrf;xkwfjypf'%fESifh tvkyf=urf;jzifhaxmif'%f(1)ESpfuscHcJh& onf? 1984 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd ykodrf}uD;+rdK@e,f/ a&xGufaus;&GmwGif opfvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? rsKd;cspf &Jabmfa[mif;rsmtzJG@ OuUX/ wkdif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;tzGJ@0if/ ykodrf}uD;+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf +rdK@e,f pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD0iftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 19? ykodrf=uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? 'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;pHvSabmf(t+idrf;pm;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? 'kwd,Adkvfr–;}uD;pHvSabmf(t+idfrf;pm;)onf ykodrf}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(13870)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(57²76)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1928 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (20)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? armfv+rdKif+rdK@ Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;ausmf&Sdef.om;jzpfonf? 'kwd,Adkvfr–;}uD;pHvSabmf(t+idrf;pm;)onf 1300 jynfh ta&; awmfyHk/ ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtdkifat)/ tm&Svli,f/ rsdK;cspfArmhwyfrawmf(yDADtufzf)wkd@wGifygcJh onf? t*Fvdyf-jrefrm q,fwef;ta&muf 1947 ckESpf wGifwyfrawmfokd@0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1952 ckESpfwGif Adkvfavmif;oifwef;trSwfpOf(7)odk@wufcJhonf? xkdrS 'kwd,Adkvf/ Adkvf/ Adkvf}uD;/ Adkvfr–;/ 'kwd,Adkvfr–;}uD; txd wyfrawmfwGiftr_xrf;cJhI 1985 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@ 'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@ rEWav;wkdif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD OuUX/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf rEWav;wkdif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ rEWav;wdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;tzGJ@wm0efcH OD;pHvSabmftm; 22/ 11/ 96 &ufae@nwGif/ rEWav;-&efukef tjref &xm;ay:wGif t}urf;zuform;vl&rf;um;wdk@u ypPnf;rsm;vk,ufjyD;/ OD;acgif;udk&dkufESufcJh}uonf// ,if; tr_tm; oufqdkif&mtm%mydkifrsm;xH tr_zGifhwdkif}um;cJhaomfvnf;/ wpHkw&mta&;,lr_r&dScJhyg// 20? ysOf;rem;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;wifhvGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifhvGifonf ysOf;rem;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,Sof+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(31681)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(70²5)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? ysOf;rem;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bkd}uD;/ trd a':cifjrwdk@rS 1945 ckESpfwGiaf rG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;wifhvGif onf tajccHynmtxufwef;ukd (c)tqifhjzifhoHk;}udrfatmifjrif+yD;aemuf ausmif;qufrwufyJ }uHoum yGJ±Hkvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? tm;upm;Esifhum,ynm enf;jy/ +rdK@e,for0g,rvkyfief;}uD;=uyfr_ESifh aps;E_ef; !‡dE_dif;a&;aumfrwD0if/ 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? ysOf;rem; - 178 -

+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 12-6-1996 ckESpf/ ZGefv (12)&ufae@ wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSE_wfxGuf a=umif; a=unmcsuftrSwf(1268)jzifh a=unmcJhonf? 21? ysOf;rem;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;ausmf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmfonf ysOf;rem;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,Sof+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(29995)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(61²38)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? ysOf;rem;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;jzL trd apm&ifwdk@rS 1937 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (9)&ufae@wGifarG; zGm;cJhonf? OD;ausmfonf 1962 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfrS 0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1965 ckESpfwGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,f vpfvrf;pOfygwDodk@0ifonf? 1965 ckESpfrS 1976 ckESpftxd t&ef,lepfaumfrwD0if vtu OuUX/ v,f orm;aumifpDESifh +rdK@e,for0g,r OuUX/ xdk@aemuf pdkufysdK;arG;jrLa&;udk,fydkifvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? ysOf;rem;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 22? aysmfbG,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;cifarmifndK/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifarmifndKonf aysmfbG,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(25272)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(56²07)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? aysmfbG,f+rdK@e,f/ av#mfjzLukef;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1941 zGm;/ tz OD;aomif;az/ trd a':aomif; wifwkd@rS 1941 ckESpf/ arv (2)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;cifarmifndKonf aysmfbG,f+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef; ausmif;wGif q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1960 jynfhESpfwGifa':oef;jrifhESifhvufxyfcJhonf? 1960 jynfhESpfwGif pma&;/ +rdK@e,f&ufuef;or/ 1961 ckESpfrS 1963 ckESpftxd twGif;a&;r–; &ufuef;or/ +rdK@e,f or0g,rESifh +rdK@e,fvufum;or/ ,ifaemufukd,fydkifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfudkicf Jhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? aysmfbG,f+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf+rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk; a&;r–;ESifh b¾ma&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 2000 jynfhESpf/ =o*kwfv (1)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1513)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? 23? aysmfbG,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;vSaz/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSazonf aysmfbG,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(20527)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(55²87)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? aysmfbG,f+rdK@e,f/ ZD;jzLukef;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bdk;cif/ trd a':apmjrwdk@rS 1949 ckESpf/ ZGefv (6)&uf ae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;vSazonf 1969 ckESpfwGif aysmfbG,f+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef; atmifjrifcJhI 1972 ckESpfwGif rEWav;wuUodkvfrS ody`H(±lyaA')bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? wuUodkvfausmif;om;b0wGif - 179 -

+rdK@e,ftoif;ESifh taqmifom,ma&;aumfrwDwkd@wGif OD;aqmifcJhonf? +rdK@e,ftwGif; ausmif;q&mtjzpf (2)ESpf/ or0efxrf;,m,Dvkyfukdif+yD;aemuf a':cif0if;=unfESihfvufxyfcJhonf? 1976 ckESpfrSpI udk,fydkif enf;jyoifwef;zGifhonf? 1982 ckESpfrS 1988 ckEpS ftxd a&$jynf&efatmifor0g,rtoif; OuUX/ 1350 jynfh (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? aysmfbG,f+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf +rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD wGJbuftwGif;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? pifòydiftpdk;&zGJ@pnf;a&;/ awmwGif;,m,D tpdk;&zGJ@pnf;a&;wkd@ESifhygwfoufI 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmvESifhatmufwkdbmvwGif rEWav;+rdK@wGif v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;rsm;ðyvkyf&mwGiyf g0ifcJhonf? oufqdkif&mrSta&;,l&efpDpOfaepOf a&Smifwdrf;oGm;ojzifh w&m;cHajy;tjzpf A[ef;+rdK‹e,fw&m;±Hk;rS 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (3)&ufae@wGifa=unmcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (18)&ufae@wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygi;f tpdk;&pwifzGJ@pnf;onfhtcg/ ynma&;/ usef;rma&;ESifh jyef=um;a&;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? xdk@twGuf aomif;usef;ol ESifhqufoG,fjcif;/ aomif;usef;e,fajrrme,fyavmokd@oGm;a&muf+yD;pifðydiftpdk;&zGJ@vsuf EkdifiHawmfudkaxmif xm;jcm;em;jcif;wkd@a=umifh a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&oltjzpfrSysufjy,fojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm; vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (26)&ufae@wGifa=unmcJhonf? 1991 ckESp/f {+yDv (25)&ufae@wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH trsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&jyifqifwdk;csJ@zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg jyef=um;a&;ESifh,Ofaus;r_0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;tjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@wGifwm0efxrf;aqmif aepOf xdkif;EdkifiH/ befaumuf+rdK@Y vkyf}uHcHcJh&+yD; uG,fvGefcJhonf? 24? rvd_if+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;apma&$/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;apma&$onf rv_dif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(19595)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(59²58)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;0dkifvifcsKd.om;jzpfonf? 1936 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? OD;apma&$onf wef;jrifhausmif;xGufpmar;yJGatmifjrifcJh onf? 1978 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,fjynfol@aumifpD0if/ pnfyif§tm;um/ vlr_a&;ESifhbmoma&; tzJG@tpnf;rsm;wGif OD;pD;aqmif&GufcJhonf? rvd_if+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf +rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&; aumfrwD0ifwm0ef,lcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1998 ckESpf/ 'DZif bmv (3)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1416)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGuf a=umif;a=unmcJhonf? 25? rv_dif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;armifarmifjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifarmifjrifhonf rv_dif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(16468)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(56²04)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? ar+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;boef;/ trd a':EGJ@wkd@rS 1941 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (1)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm; cJhonf? OD;armifarmifjrifhonf 1947 ckESpfrS 1949 ckESpftxd ar+rdK@rpPatmhudzfrlvwef;}udKausmif;/ 1949 ckESpfrS 1958 ckESpftxd pdeftJvAwft*Fvdyftxufwef;ausmif;wkd@wGif tajccHynmoif=um;cJh+yD; wuUodkvf 0ifwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1958 ckESpfrS 1961 ckEpS ftxd rEWav;wuUodkvfwGifwufa&mufI ody`HbGJ@&¶SdcJh - 180 -

onf? ,if;aemuf cr&(109)wGif wyf=uyf}uD;pma&;tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf aoewfusnfqefxGufI vlaor_jzifhjypf'%fuscHcJh&onf? 1977 ckESpfwGif &rnf;oif;axmifrSvGwfonf? 1978 ckESpfrS 1981 ckESpf txd jynfol@aumifpD'kwd,oufwef;wGif rEWav;ta&S@ajrmuf+rdK@e,fjynfol@aumifpD0iftjzpf wm0efay; tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1982 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd rEWav;ta&S@ajrmuf (31)vrf;wGif yÌrwef;rSwuUodkvf 0ifwef;txd t*FvdyfpmusL&SifjycJhonf? tdrfwGif;pufr_vufr_vkyfiefvnf;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif ppfr_xrf;a[mif;rsm;or*~udkzJG@pnf;OD;aqmifcJhonf? ygwD pHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶Sirf S 1999 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (22)&ufae@wGif a=unm csuftrSwf(1488)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? 26? jyifOD;vGif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;vSapmOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSapmOD;onf jyifOD;vGif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(11632)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(49²02)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? tz OD;ausmfvSatmif/ trd a':pHjrckdifwdk@rS 1933 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;vSapmOD;onf &efukef wuUodkvfrS ody`HbJG@ESifhOya'0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;tkyf}uD;(+rdK@a[mif;/ [oFmw/ tif;pdef)/ wGHaw;+rdK@e,fw&m;ol}uD;/ ppfawG/ ar+rdK@/ armif;awme,fydkifw&m;ol}uD;/ &efukefA[dkw&m;±Hk; 'kwd,vufaxmuf!$ef=um;a&;r–;/ ar+rdK@ +rdK@e,fw&m;ol}uD;tzJG@ OuUX/ xdk@aemuf w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aetjzpf vkdufygcJhonf? 1996 ckESpf/ ZGefv (7)&ufae@wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶Sif rS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcsuftrSwf(1262)jzifh a=unmcJhonf? 27? jyifOD;vGifjrdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2)? OD;yDwmvif;yif/ woD;yk*~v? OD;yDwmvif;yifonf jyifOD;vGif+rdK@e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif woD;yk*~vtjzpf ta¶G;cs,fcHcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(6943)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(38²44)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;vif;yifxdyfwif vwf/ trd a':cifcifodef;[email protected];jzpfonf? 1941 ckEpS f/ atmufwdkbmv (10)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;onf? 1947-1962 ckESpfrsm;wGif pdef@z&efppf/ t*Fvdyfrufo'pfESifh+rdK@rtrsdK;om;ausmif;wdk@wGif 'orwef; atmifonftxdynmoif=um;cJhonf? +rdK@rtxufwef;ausmif;/ &efukef+rdK@wGif ynmoif;=um;aepOfu ausmif;om;or*~twGif;a&;rª;ESifh &efukefc¶dkifausmif;om;or*~/ vrf;rawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf aqmif¶Guf cJhonf? 1964 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (1)&ufae@rS 1989 ckESpf/ rwfv (25)&ufae@ txd umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme/ aiGpm&if;0ef¶Hk;wGif pma&;0efxrf;/ e,fvSnfhpm&if;ppf/ wyfpm&if;udkif(rEWav;/ jyifOD;vGif/ tr&yl&/ jrpfi,f/ ausmufqnf/ ¶Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;/ &efukef/ wef@,ef;/ ausmufjzL/ vdGKifvif/ aumhu&dwfESifh+rdwfwdk@¶Sd wyf&if;/ wyfzGJ@rsm;wm0ef)/ 1988 ckESpf/ 'Drdkua&pDvlxkawmfvSefa&;ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif jyifOD;vGif +rdK@rd+rdK@z tzGJ@ twGif;a&;rª;/ =um;jzwftpdk;&zGJ@pnf;ay;&efawmif;qdkcJhonf? OD;Ek/ OD;atmif}uD;/ a':atmifqef;pk=unf/ ol&OD;wifOD;/ Adkvf&efEdkif/ Adkvfrª;atmifwdk@ESifhawG@qHkI AGD'D,dkwdwfacGrsm;/ vufurf;pmapmifrsm;udk rEWav; ausmif;om;rsm;xHodk@vnf;aumif;/ q&m0eftoif;ESit fh jcm;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u vuf qifhurf;ay;vdkufonfh pm¶Gufpmwrf;rsm;udk/ +rdK@e,ftzGJ@tpnf;rsm;odk@vnf;aumif; jzef@a0cJhonf? ,if;udpP ESifhywfoufI 1988

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ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (23)&ufae@rS 1988 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (17)&ufae@txd/ xdef;odrf; cHcJh&onf? 1989 ckESpf/ rwfv (25)&ufae@wGif wm0efrSt+idrf;pm;ay;jcif;cH&onf? 1989 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (17)&ufae@txd trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ ar+rdK@wGif (21)OD; OD;aqmif aumfrwD/ (b¾ma&;) vli,fwm0efcHtjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhI/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfudk,fpm;jyK v$wf awmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf,SOf+ydKifta¶G;cH&eftwGuf a¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶Sifodk@ av#mufxm; cJhonf? odk@aomf 'Drdkua&pDESifh+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@rS trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfodk@ul;ajymif;vmonfh OD;cifarmifjrifhtm;/ jyifOD;vGif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)twGuf v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf/ tzGJ@ csKyfA[dkrS a¶G;cs,ftodtrSwfjyKvdkufojzifh tzGJ@csKyfA[dkrSwm0efcHOD;=unfarmifxHodk@ jyif;jyif;xefxef pma&; uef@uGufcJh+yD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrSEkwx f GufI woD;yk*~vudk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf a¶G;aumufyGJ 0ifcJhonf? a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&+yD;aemufwGif tjcm;a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onfh +rdK@e,ftoD;oD;rS tzGJ@csKyf v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESihf qufoG,fyl;aygif;aqmif¶GufcJhonf? a¶G;aumufyGJwGif,SOf+ydKifzufjzpfonfh wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDrS v$wfawmfudk,fpm; vS,favmif; Adkvfrª;}uD;armifarmif(t+idrf;pm;)rS a¶G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mwifoGi;f cJhojzifh/ a¶G;aumufyGJcHk trSwf(3)wGif =um;emppfaq;jcif;cHcJh&onf? xdktawmtwGif; OD;yDwmvif;yifonf pif+ydKiftpdk;&zGJ@pnf;a&; wdk@ESifhywfoufI 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmvESifhatmufwdkbmvtwGif; rEWav;+rdK@Y v#dK@0Suftpnf; ta0;rsm;jyKvkyf&mwGif yg0ifcJhonf? ,if;twGufoufqdkif&muta&;,l&efpDpOfaepOf a¶Smifwdrf;oGm;ojzifh oufqdkif&mrS 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (3)&ufae@wGif w&m;cHajy;tjzpfa=unmcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (18)&ufae@wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;& pwifzGJ@pnf;onfhtcg EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? odk@twGuf aomif;usef; olwdk@ESifhqufoG,fjcif;/ aomif;usef;ole,fajrrme,fyavmodk@oGm;a&muf+yD;/ EdkifiHawmfudkaxmifxm; jcm;em;jcif;wdk@a=umifh a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&oltjzpfrSysufjy,fojzifh/ v$waf wmfudk,fpm;vS,f tjzpf rSy,fzsufa=umif; a¶G;aumufyGJaumfr¶SifrS 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (26)&ufae@pGJjzifha=unmcJhonf? 1990 a¶G;aumufyGJumvu OD;yDwmvif;yif. 0efcHcsuf? jynfol@0efcHcsuf? u|efawmfonf pmtkyfoauFwjzifh jyifOD;vGif+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfudk,fpm;jyK Ia¶G;cs,fcH&aom udk,fpm;vS,w f pfOD;jzpfonfhtav#muf u|efawmf.atmifEdkifa&;onftrsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. atmifEdkifa&;jzpfa=umif; 0efcH*wdjyKygonf? OD;yDwmvif;yif 28? rdk;ukwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? a':arESif;=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a':arESif;=unfonf rdk;ukwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(16439)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(72²06)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? 14-2-1948 ckESpfzGm;/ tz OD;atmif!Gef@/ trd a':aX;wkd@rS 1948 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (14)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? a':arESif;=unfonf rdk;ukwf+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhI 1968 ckESpfwGif rEWav;wuUodkvfrS ody`H(±lyaA')bGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1969 ckESpfwGif OD;rdk;[def;ESifhvufxyfcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (10)&ufae@wGif 'DyJ,if;tjzpftysuftm; pHkprf;ppfaq;ay;&ef etz OuUX xHpma&;awmif;qdk cJhonfhudpPtwGuf ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS ac:,lppfaq;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 2003 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (17)&ufae@wGif - 182 -

tif;pdefr_cif;wyfzGJ@rS aetdrfodk@vma&mufac:aqmif+yD; tif;pdeftusOf;axmifwGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;cJh onf? 29? rdk;ukwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;bdkvSwifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;bkdvSwifhonf rkd;ukwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(16527)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(72²26)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? rkd;ukwf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pH&Sdef/ trd a':tkef;wkd@rS 1957 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (23)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;bkdvSwifhonf rdk;ukwf+rdK@/ usyfjyiftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ urm&Gwf+rdK@e,f tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)wdk@wGif tajccHynmoif=um;cJh+yD; 1981 ckESpfwGif &efukefpufr_wuU odkvfrS +rdK@jytif*sDeD,mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1984 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&DvrS 1985 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifvtxd ivkdufacsmif; qnfwnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;wGif vkyfief;jy vufaxmuftif*sDeD,m/ yHkaovpm,m,D0efxrf;/ 1350 jynfh ESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif wufºuGpGmyg0ifcJhojzifh 1988 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (19) &ufae@rS 1988 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (24)&ufae@txd xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ,if;aemuf trsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfodk@0ifcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ Zlvdkifv (4)&ufae@wGif rESif;ESif;a0ESifhvufxyfcJhonf? rdk;ukwf+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD0if/ 0yfa&Smhvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? pif+ydKif tpdk;&zGJ@pnf;a&;/ awmwGif;,m,Dtpkd;&zJG@pnf;a&;wfdk@ESifhywfoufI 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmvESifh atmufwdkbmvtwGif; rEWav;+rdK@Yv#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;rsm;ðyvkyf&mwGifyg0ifcJhonf? oufqdkif&mu ta&; ,l&efpDpOfaepOf a&Smifwdrf;oGm;ojzifh A[ef;+rdK@e,fw&m;¶Hk;Y w&m;pGJqdk+yD; w&m;cHajy;tjzpf 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (3)&ufae@wGifa=unmcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (18)&ufae@wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrm EdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpkd;&zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg aqmufvkyfa&;0ef}uD;Xme/ owˆKwGif;ESifhpGrf;tif0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;tjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? ,if;a=umifh aomif;usef;olESifhqufoG,fjcif;/ aomif;usef;e,fajroddk@oGm; a&muf+yD; EdkifiHawmfukdaxmifxm;jcm;em;jcif;wdk@a=umifh a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHxm;oltjzpfrSysufjy,f ojzifh v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&; aumfr&SifrS 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (26) &ufae@wGifa=unmcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ {+yDv (25)&ufae@wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@ jyifqifwdk;csJ@zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg rlvwm0efudkyif quf vufwm0ef,lcJhonf? 1995 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (21)&ufae@wGif qGD'ifEdkifiH/ AGefrm;pApfY trsdK;om;!Gef@aygif; tpdk;&tzGJ@ jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;onfhtcg b¾ma&;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;jzpfvmcJhonf? 30? rwW&m+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? a'gufwmatmifa0/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmatmifa0onf rwW&m+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(27153)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²45)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? jrif;+cH+rdK@/ qDrDcHkZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;odkuf/ trd a':zGm;csDwdk@rS 1943 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (14) &ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwmatmifa0onf 1968 ckESpfwGif rEWav;aq;wuUodkvfrS q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJh onf? 1969 ckESpfrS 1972 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,fusef;rma&;t&m&Sd({&m0wDwdkif;/ vyGwWm+rdK@)/ 1972 ckESpfrS 1974 ckESpftxd wm0efcHq&m0ef(azmif}uD;0efxrf;ausmif;)/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,fq&m0ef - 183 -

(rif;jym;/ ykÀm;u|ef;/ rwW&m)/ 1978 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,faumifpD0ifESifh tvkyform;tpnf; t±Hk;0if/ +rdK@e,f tm;§um wnfaqmufa&; OuUX/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pD ta&;awmf yHk}uD;wGif +rdK@e,fusef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;. oydwfacgif;aqmif/ rwW&m+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf +rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 2002 ckESpf/ rwfv (7)&ufae@wGif pifumylEdkifiHY uG,fvGefonf? ema&;a=umfjim ² ² ² a'gufwmOD;atmifa0 touf(60) (rwW&m) jrif;+cH+rdK@e,f/ qDrD;cHkae OD;odkuf-a':zGm;[email protected];/ rEWav;+rdK@/ r[m+rdKif&yfae OD;uH!Gef@-a':=unf cifwdk@. om;oruf/ rwW&m+rdK@ae udkrif;rif;OD;-rcdkifEG,fa0/ udkxG%f;aeatmif-rcsdKcsdKvS/ pdrf;EG,fa0/ jrwfrsdK; EG,fa0wdk@. arG;ozcif/ a':cifndK.cspfvSpGmaomcifyGef;/ a'gufwmOD;atmifa0onf 7-3-2002 &uf jrefrm pHawmfcsdef rGef;vGJ 1;28 em&DwGif pifumylEdkifiHY uG,fvGefygI 9-3-2002 &uf eHeuf 7;30 em&DwGif pifumyl EdkifiHY o+*õK[f+yD;pD;yga=umif; aqGrsdK;rdwfo*F[rsm;tm; ta=umif;=um;tyfygonf? usef&pfolrdom;pk 31? rwW&m+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;oef;vGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef;vGifonf rwW&m+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(23364)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(69²63)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1938 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? OD;pHaxG;.om;jzpfonf? OD;oef;vGifonf pkdufysKd;a&;'Dyvdkrm&¶SdcJhonf? trjy (10) ESpf/ tvjy (6)v/ pdkufysKd;a&;t&m&Sdtjzpf (6)ESpfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf rD;avmif&mwGifXmeydkifaiGyg0ifqHk;±H_oGm;ojzifh axmif'%fuscHcJh&onf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@ 'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? rwW&m+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUXjzpfol OD;oef;vGif tm; jynfol@v$wfawmfac:,lzGJ@pnf;a&;udkta=umif;jyKI 1998 ckESpf/ ZGefv (26)&ufae@rS 2000 jynfhESpf/ Zef e0g&Dv (30)&ufae@txd ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS rw&m;zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;cJh+yD; v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f tjzpfESifh tzGJ@csKyftzGJ@0iftjzpfrS E_wfxGuf&ef t}udrf}udrfzdtm;ay;t=uyfudkifcJhonf? 32? rdxWDvm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? Adkvfrª;armifarmifjrifh(t+idrf;pm;)/ trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? Adkvfr–;armifarmifjrifh(t+idrf;pm;)onf rdwˆDvm+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(33664)rJ/ pkpkaygifrJ&mE_ef;(59²11)jzifh a&G;cs,fwif ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;bwif/ trd a':wifwkd@rS 1929 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (22)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm; onf? &efukef+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? Adkvfr–;armifarmifjrifh(t+idrf;pm;)onf +rdK@rtrdsK;om;ausmif;rSq,fwef; atmifjrifcJh+yD; 1958 ckESpfwGif &efukefaq;wuUodkvfrS q&m0efbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1959 ckESpfrS 1963 ckESpftxd - 184 -

aq;r–;/ c&pf,mefaq;±Hk/ =unfhjrifwkdif/ 1963 ckESpfwGif jynfol@ppfr_xrf;aq;r–;/ 1964 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmf aq;wyf jyefwrf;0ift&m&Sd(=unf;-3344)/ 1969 ckESpfwGif Adkvfr–;/ 1980 jynfhESpfwGif wyfrawmfrSt+idrf;pm; ,lcJhonf? xdk@aemuf ukd,fydkifaq;cef;zGifhI rdwˆDvm+rdK@wGifaexdkifonf? 2003 ckESpf/ rwfv (22)&ufae@wGif c&pfawmfYtdyfaysmfonf? ema&;a=umfjim ² ² ² c&pfawmfYtdyfaysmfjcif; a'gufwmarmifarmifjrifh touf(74)ESpf (Adkvfrª;/ t+idrf;pm;) (rdwˆDvm) rdwˆDvm+rdK@/ 0efZif;(1)/ OwW&vrf;ae a':ararat;. cifyGef;/ OD;armfxifjrifh-a':pdk;pdk;atmif/ OD;ausmf vif;r*|dKif;at;rmjrifh/ OD;rsdK;xifjrifh-a':py,fOD;wdk@. arG;ozcif/ at;csrf;jrifh/ okudkvif;/ ZifZifrsdK;OD;/ Zifudk vif;/ a';Apfa,moyf/ &JxufOD;/ tufpfwmwdk@. tbdk;onf txufygaetdrfY 22-3-2003 &uf rGef;vGJ 2 em&DwGif c&pfawmfYtdyfaysmfoGm;ygI 23-3-2003 &uf nae 4 em&DwGif jrifawmfuefc&pf,mefocsõKif;Y o+*õK[frnfjzpfyga=umif;? usef&pfolrdom;pk 33? rdxWDvm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? a'gufwmodef;vGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmodef;vGifonf rdwˆDvm+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(28913)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(62²09)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? rdwˆDvm+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;uH&if/ trd a':trmwdk@rS 1949 ckESpf/ arv (12)&ufae@ wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwmodef;vGifonf 1979 ckESpfwGif aq;wuUodkvf(1)&efukefrS q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? rdwˆDvm+rdK@wGifudk,fydkifaq;ukcef;zGifhonf? 1975 ckESpfwGif a':cs,f&DESifhvufxyfcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 34? rEWav;taemufawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? a'gufwmpdk;vif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmpdk;vif;onf rEWav;taemufawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SO+f ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(26467)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(81²91)jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rEWav;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;oef;az/ trd a':tkef;pdefwkd@rS 1953 ckESpf/ arv (1)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwmpdk;vif;onf 1960 ckESpfrS 1964 ckESpftxd ar+rdK@pdef@ar&Dausmif;/ 1965 ckESpfrS 1968 ckESpftxd rEWav;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)wdk@wGif tajccHynmoif=um;cJh onf? 1970 jynfhESpfwGif rEWav;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(24)rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1971 ckESpfrS 1979 ckESpfwGif rEWav;aq;wuUodkvfodk@wufa&mufI 1979 ckESpfwGifq&m0ef(trfbDbD - 185 -

tufpf)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? udk,fydkifaq;ukocef;zGifhvSpfxm;onf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pD ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif q&m0eftoif;(rEWav;)wGif wufºuGpGmyg0ifcJhonf? rEWav;taemufawmif+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD0iftjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (29)&ufae@wGif tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm;. av;pk&yf uGuf/ &Srf;a*gif;&yf/ tr&yl&aetdrfwGifðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpkd;&zJG@pnf;a&; v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;okd@wuf a&mufcJhI wufºuGpGmOD;aqmifaqG;aEG;cJhonf? ,if;tpnf;ta0;odk@wufa&mufvmonfh wdkif;ESifhjynfe,f toD;oD;rS jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;aexdkifpm;aomufoGm;vma&;ESifh ,if;tpnf;ta0; xajrmufatmifjrifa&;wkd@udkOD;aqmifpDpOfcJhojzifh oufqkdif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ,if;twGuf a'gufwmpdk;vif;onf jypfr_qdkif&mOya' yk'fr (122)(1)t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyJGOya' (11)(n)ESifh +idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufvkdufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG a¶G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (23)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(988)jzifh a=unmcJhonf? aemifjyKvkyfr!fha±G;aumufyGJrsm;Yyg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ rwfv (9)&ufae@wGif a'gufwmpdk;vif;rSOD;aqmifI }uHhzGH@rsm;/ tm%mydkifrsm;ESifhppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS +cdrf;ajcmuft=uyfudkifjcif;/ tcGifhta&;ay;jcif;ponfh enf;vrf;rsdK;pHkjzifhac:,lxm;ol(400)cef@jzifh rEWav;+rdK@/ qifjzLuef¶Sd uaemifcef;rwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftzGJ@0ifrsm; tzGJ@csKyfrSEkwfxGufyGJvkyfaqmifcJh onf? 35? rEWav;taemufawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;odef;OD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;odef;OD;onf rEWav;taemufawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(29741)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(80²36)jzifh a&G;cs,fwif ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rEWav;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;wifarmif/ trd a':vS+rdKifwkd@rS 1955 ckESpf/ arv (24) &ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;odef;OD;onf &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS 0dZ…m(Oya')bGJ@ESifh Oya'0dZ…mbJG@wkd@ udk 1977-78 ckESpfwGif&¶SdcJhonf? 1980 jynfhESpfwGif txufwef;a&S@ae/ 1981 ckESpfwGif A[dkw&m;±Hk;a&S@ae/ wuUodkvfausmif;om;b0wGif 1974 ckESpf/ OD;oef@ta&;tcif;/ 1975 ckESpf/ ausmif;om;ta&;tcif;ESifh 1976 ckESpf/ r_dif;&mjy!fhta&;tcif;wkd@wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&; awmfyHk}uD;wGif a&S@aersm;toif;wGifwufwufºuGºuGyg0ifcJhonf? rEWav;taemufawmif+rdK@e,f trsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD0iftjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? OD;odfef;OD;onf pif+ydKiftpkd;&zG@Jpnf;a&;/ awmwGif;,m,Dtpkd;&zJG@pnf;a&;wkd@ESifhygwfoufI 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmvESifhatmufwkdbmvtwGif; rEWav;+rdK@Y v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;ðyvkyf&mwGifyg0ifcJhonf? oufqdkif&muta&;,lI&efpDpOfaepOf a&Smifwdrf; oGm;I w&m;cHajy;tjzpf 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (3)&ufae@wGifa=unmcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbm v (18)&ufae@wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&pwifzGJ@pnf;onfhtcg/ w&m;a&;0ef}uD; Xme0ef}uD;tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? aomif;usef;olESifhqufoG,fjcif;/ aomif;usef;ole,fajrrme,fyavmokd@ oGm;a&muf+yD; pif+ydKiftpkd;&zGJ@pnf;vsuf EkdifiHawmfukdaxmifxm;jcm;em;jcif;wdk@a=umifh OD;odef;OD;tm; a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&oltjzpfrSysufjy,fojzifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdk ua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (26)&ufae@wGifa=unmcJh onf? jrefrmEdkifiHa&S›aersm;aumifpD. OuUXtjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? 2004 ckESpf/ rwfv (23)&ufae@ tar&d uefEdkifiH/ 0g¶Sifwef+rdK@awmfwGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@ jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;onfh tcsdeftxd 0ef}uD;wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? - 186 -

36? rEWav;taemufajrmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;wifatmifatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifatmifatmifonf rEWav;taemufajrmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua& pDtzGJ@csKyftm;udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(29443)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(80²38)jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1943 ckESpf/ ZGefv (23)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;onf? OD;vS&if.om;jzpfonf? OD;wif atmifatmifonf &efukefpufr_wuUodkvfrS B.E(Automobile) bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1969 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpf txd ukef;vrf;ydk@aqmifa&;aumfydka&;&Sif;/ vufaxmuftif*sifeD,m/ tr_aqmiftif*sifeD,m/ 1988 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (7)&ufae@wGift+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD; wGifyg0ifcJhonf? OD;wifatmifatmifonf 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (29)&ufae@u tr&yl&+rdK@e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf(2) jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrfwGifusif;yðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpdk;&zGJ@ pnf;a&;v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;odk@wufa&mufyg0ifaqG;aEG;cJhojzifh oufqdkif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ,if;aemuf OD;wifatmifatmiftm; jypfr_qdkif&mOya'yk'fr (122)(1)t& jypf'%fpD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyGJ Oya'yk'fr (11)(n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxG axGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (27)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(991)jzifh xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ Edk0ifbmvwGif axmif'%f(25)ESpftjypfay;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 2003 ckESpf/ arv (30)&ufae@nwGif jzpfysufcJhonfh tm%mydkifrsm;udk,fwdkif yg0ifywfouf pDpOfusL;vGefcJhonfh 'DyJ,if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vkyf}uHwdkufcdkufowfjzwfr_}uD;twGif; zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;cHcJh&+yD; 2004 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (16)&ufae@wGif uav;tusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 37? rEWav;taemufajrmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;atmifpdk;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifpdk;onf rEWav;taemufajrmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(23576)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(66²91)jzifh a&G;cs,fwif ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rEWav;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bausmh/ trd a':apma&$wkd@rS 29-5-1949 ckESpf/ arv (29)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;atmifpkd;onf 1975 ckESpfwGif rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`H (±lyaA')bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? OD;atmifpdk;onf 1976 ckESpfwGif a':0if;ESifhvufxyfIorD;oHk;a,mufxGef;um;onf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? udkf,fydkifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfudkif onf? 38? rEWav;ta&S@awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;wif!Gef@(c)OD;xifausmf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? trnf tjcm;trnf trsdK;om;rSwfyHkwiftrSwf

OD;xifausmf OD;wif!Gef@(i,femrnf) MTLA 000851 - 187 -

ynmt&nftcsif;

B.A. (Hons.) 0dZ…m*k%fxl;/ EdkifiHa&;ody`H

tzGJ@csKyftzGJ@0iftrSwf arG;ouU&mZf

a'vDwuUodkvf/ e,l;a'vD+rdK@/ tdENd,EdkifiH? M.A. (Political Science) r[m0dZ…m (EdkifiHa&;ody`H) a'vDwuUodkvf/ e,l;a'vD+rdK@/ tdENd,EdkifiH? (2440256) 1937 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (5)&uf

OD;wif!Gef@(c)OD;xifausmfonf rEWav;ta&S@awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdku a&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(29642)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(80²30)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;vSarmif/ trd a':at;ºuG,fwdk@rS 1937 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (5)&uf ae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? 1956 ckESpfwiG f rdwˆDvm+rdK@rS wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? xdkpOfu tdENd,EdkifiH/ e,l;a'vD+rdK@¶Sd jrefrmoH¶Hk;wGif ¶Hk;tkyf}uD;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifaeonfh a,mufz OD;0if;armif/ tr a':cif oef;wdk@xHa&muf¶SdcJh+yD; a'vDwuUodkvfwGifqufvufynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1959 ckESpfwGif OD;0if;armif/ a':cifoef;wdk@rdom;pk jrefrmEdkifiHodk@jyefoGm;onfhtcg tdENd,toHv$ifhXme/ jrefrmydkif;tpDtpOfwGif bmom jyefol/ toHv$ifhowif;zwfoltjzpf tr_xrf;&if; ynmqufvufoif=um;cJhonf? 1969 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…m*k%f xl;bGJ@udk EdkifiHa&;ody`Hynm/ pD;yGm;a&;ynm/ jynfol@tkyfcsKyfa&;ynmwdk@jzifh atmifjrifcJhonf? 1972 ckESpfwGif r[m0dZ…mbGJ@udk EdkifiHwumzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'rsm;ESifh trsm;jynfolqdkif&m EdkifiHwumw&m;Oya' bmom&yfrsm;tjyif EdkifiHwumEdkifiHa&;ynm/ EdkifiHwumqufqHa&;ynm/ EdkifiHwumtpnf;t¶Hk;rsm;ynm &yfwdk@jzifh atmifjrifcJhonf? 1977-78 ckESpfrsm;wGif e,l;a'vD+rdK@/ *s0g[mae¶l;wuUodkvf/ EdkifiHwuma&;&m ody`H(ta¶S@awmif/ awmifydkif;ESifh tv,fydkif; tm¶SXme)wGif Ph. D. (yg&*l)bGJ@twGuf okawoejyK&if; jrefrmEdkifiH. EdkifiHa&;/ vlr_a&;/ pD;yGm;a&;udpPrsm;udk tjcm;ta¶S@awmiftm¶SEdkifiHrsm;ESifh ,SOfwGJavhvmcJh onf? 1981 ckESpfwGif tvkyfrStem;,lI jrefrmEdkifiHokd@t+yD;jyefvmcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif rdom;pkvdkufyg0ifv_yf¶Sm;cJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfpwifzGJ@ pnf;pOfuyif tzGJ@0ifwOD;tjzpfyg0ifcJhonf? EdkifiHwumzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'rsm;avhvma&;tzGJ@i,f wGif yg0ifcJh+yD;/ *syefEdkifiHzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udk jrefrmbmomodk@jyefqdka&;om;cJhonf? ZeD;jzpfol a':wifhwifhOD;pD;vkyfudkifonfh jrefrmzdeyfvkyfief;wGifyg0ifulnDvkyfudkifcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G; aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (4)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1418)jzifh jynfol@ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSE_wfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? 39? rEWav;ta&S@awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;tkef;}udKif(atmif0ifh)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tkef;}udKif(atmif0ifh)onf rEWav;ta&S@awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(32718)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(76²08)jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? armfv+rdKifu|ef;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;b&Sif/ trd a':pdfefwkd@rS 1944 ckESpf/ Zlvdkif v (2)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;tkef;}udKif(atmif0ifh)onf 1967 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…mbJG@/ 1972 ckESpfwGif owif;pmynm'Dyvkdrm/ 1978-79 ckESpfwGif tar&duefjynfaxmifpkokd@ ynmoifqkjzifhoGm;a&mufI owif;pmynm'Dyvkdrm&¶SdcJhonf? 1964 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd a=u;rHkowif;pm/ [Hom0wDowif;pm (rEWav;)/ Adkvfwaxmifowif;pmwkd@wGif vufaxmuft,f'DwmESifht,f'Dwm/ 1962-63 ckESpf/ ausmif; om;ta&;tcif;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfwGif vrfpOfowif;/ Adkvfwaxmifowif;pmESifh ±kyf&SifatmifvH - 188 -

wdk@wGif armifcspfzG,f/ atmif0ifh/ atmifwifhuavmiftrnfwdk@jzifh EdkifiHwuma&;&maqmif;yg;rsm;a&;om; cJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? owif;pmt,f'Dwm tjzpfvkyfudkifae&if; 1350 jynfhESpf/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhr_a=umifh Adkvfwaxmif owif;pmt,f'DwmtjzpfrS 1988 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmvwGif t+idrf;pm;ay;jcif;cHcJh&onf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf A[dkOD;pD;tzGJ@0ifESifh rEWav;wkdif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwDtzGJ@0iftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? e0w. trdef@ trSwf(1§90)qef@usifr_jzifh oufqdkif&mrSzrf;qD;xddef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;tkef;}udKifonf 1950 jy!hfESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr (5)(u)(c)(n) t& jypf'%fpD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr (11)(n) ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif; ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (27)&ufae@wGifa=unmonf? aemifwGifjyKvkyfrnfha±G;aumufyGJ rsm;Yyg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (7)&ufae‹wGif axmif'%f(7)ESpf csrSwfcHcJh&+yD;/ aemufydkif;wGif jypf'%f(10)ESpfxyfwdk;IcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 40? rEWav;ta&S@ajrmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;armifarmifat;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifarmifat;onf rEWav;ta&S@ajrmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(24100)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(83²09)jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rEWav;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;vSaiG/ trd a':trmwdk@rS 1956 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (27)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;armifarmifat;onf 1979 ckESpfwGif rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`H (ocsFm)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1983 ckESpfwGif txufwef;a&S@aepmar;yJGatmifjrifcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? rEWav;ta¶S@ajrmuf+rdK@e,f/ uOPer[D&yfuGuf tzGJ@csKyf OuUX/ rEWav;ta¶S@ajrmuf+rdK@e,f tzGJ@csKyfpnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwDtzGJ@0if/ rEWav;wdkif;tzGJ@csKyf ukefoG,fpD;yGm; tzGJ@0if/ OD;armifarmifat;onf 1990 jynfhESpf/ =o*kwfv (8)&ufae@wGif rEWav;+rdK@YjzpfyGm;cJhonfhudpPtay: tzGJ@csKyfrEWav;wdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD0if rHk¶GmOD;wifa¶$ESifhtzGJ@u rEWav;wdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD¶Hk;wGif tpnf;ta0;jyKvkyf+yD;/ rEWav;wdkif;+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ OuUXxH uef@uGufpma&;om;ay;ydk@ cJh&m/ tqdkygpmudk OD;armifarmifat;ESifhtzGJ@u trsm;jynfolzwf¶_&efa=umfjimoifykef;wGifuyfcJhojzifh/ ouf qkdif&muta&;,l&efpDpOfaepOf wdrf;a&SmifoGm;I w&m;cHajy;tjzpfa=unmcHxm;&onf? OD;armifarmifat; onf pifòydiftpkdkf;&zJG@+yD; EkdifiHawmfudkykefuef&ef EdkifiHawmftm;vufeufudkif awmfvSefykefuefaeaom aomif;usef;oltzJG@tpnf;rsm;ESifh qufoG,fyl;aygif;aqmif&Gufonf@twGuf v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpf rSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyJu G sif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (21) &ufae@wGifa=unmcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ {+yDv (25)&ufae@wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif; tpdk;&tzGJ@jyifqifwdk;csJ@zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg ukefoG,fa&;ESifhor0g,fr0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;jzpfvmcJhonf? 1995 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (21)&ufae@wGif qGD'ifEdkifiH/ AGefrm;pApfY jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;onfhtcg jyef=um;a&;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? 2004 ckESp/f rwfv (23)&ufae@ tar&duefEdkifi/H 0g¶Sifwef+rdK@awmfwGif jynf axmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@ jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;onfhtcsdeftxd 0ef}uD;wm0efxrf;aqmif cJhonf? 41? rEWav;ta&S@ajrmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;wifat;(t+idrf;pm;'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - 189 -

(1) trnf (2) arG;ouU&mZf (3) trsdK;om;rSwfyHkwiftrSwf EdkifiHom;vufrSwf (4) vlrsdK;§bmom (5) ynmt&nftcsif;

OD;wifat; 1925 ck/ {+yDv 11 &uf ISN - 448361 12§ur&/ Edkif - 011598 jrefrm - Ak'
(6) rdbtrnf (7) rJpm&if;0if &yf§aus; trnfESifh trSwf (8) t+rJwef;ae&yfvdyfpm

OD;wifat;onf rEWav;ta&S@ajrmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tm;udk,fpm;jyKI0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(22547)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(76²69)jzifhf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? rEWav;ta¶S@ajrmuf+rdK@e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf(2)twGif;¶Sd &yfuGufrsm;rSm arm&*D0g/ &efrsdK;vHk/ ywfukef;aysmfbG,f/ jynf}uD;rsufrSef/ pdwW&r[D/ ywfukef;0ef;usif/ jynf}uD;rsuf¶SifESifh r[maZ,sbHkwdk@jzpf onf? aygif;wnf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;+idrf;/ trd a':ndKr,fwdk@rS 1925 ckESpf/ {+yDv (11)&ufae@wGif jynf c¶dkif/ aygif;wnf+rdK@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;wifat;onf Oypmwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1300 jy!fhESpf ta&;awmfyHkwGif ausmif;om;or*~tr_aqmifwOD;jzpf+yD;/ ausmif;om;oydwfrsm;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? ausmif; om;oHr%dwyfzJG@0ifjzpfonf? 1942 ckESpf/ 'kwd,urBmppf}uD;jzpfcsdefwGif ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtdkifat)wyfzGJ@&mwGif yg0ifcJhonf? rv_dif+rdK@e,f/ tm&Svli,ftpnf;t±Hk;0ifjzpfonf? zufqpf*syef awmfvSefa&;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if('kwd,qifh)&onf? 1946 ckESpf/ vGwfvyfa&;t}udK umvwGif tr_xrf;aygif;pkHoydwfwkdufyJGwGif txufjrefrmjynfacgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfonf? &Srf;jynfe,fwGif ya'o&mZfqef@usifa&;twGuf “&Srf;atmifvH”owif;pmudk }uD;=uyfxkwfa0cJhonf? 1951 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmfokd@0ifa&mufcJhonf (=unf; 6392)? w±kwfjzLusL;ausmfr_ppfqifa&;wGifygonf? ,if;aemuf umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;±Hk; pdwf"gwfppfqifa&;Xme okawoet&m&SdESifh enf;jyq&mtjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? 1958-59 ckESpfwGif tar&duefjynfaxmifpkodk@ ynmawmfoiftjzpfoGm;a&mufcJhonf? 1962 ckESpf/ awmf vSefa&;tpkd;&wuf+yD;aemuf A[dkEdkifiHa&;ody`Hausmif;wGif enf;jyrª;(Akdvfr–;)/ vufaxmufausmif;tkyf}uD; ('kwd,Adkvfr–;}uD;)/ aemifwGif A[dkEdkifiHa&;wuUodkvfY ausmif;tkyf}uD;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD A[dkaumfrwD0if/ 1977 ckESpf/ =o*kwfvwGif ygwDwm0ef¶kyfodrf;jcif;cH&+yD;aemuf wyfrawmfrS 'kwd,Adkvfr–;}uD;tqifhjzifh t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pD ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif wyfr–;a[mif;/ &Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@(aemifwGif rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@)wGif yg0ifcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pwifzGJ@pnf;pOfuyif yg0ifcJh+yD;/ rEWav;wdkif;/ pnf;¶Hk;a&;wm0efcH wOD;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1968 ckESpf/ (23)}udrfajrmuf ukvor*~nDvmcHodk@ jrefrmudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf wufa&mufcJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfwGifvnf; xyfrHI ukvor*~nDvmcHodk@wufa&mufcJhonf? *syefESifh +AdwdefEkdifiHrsm;odk@vnf; 0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1985 ckESpfwGif tar&duefEdkifiH¶Sd om;jzpfol. Zdwfac:csuft& oGm;a&mufvnfywfcJhonf? zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHxm;&&mrS 1992 ckESpf/ {+yDv (26)&ufae‹wGif tif;pdef axmifrSjyefv$wfonf? - 190 -

42? jrif;+cH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;aygcif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;aygcifonf jrif;+cH+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(42015)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(70²09)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? jrif;+cH+rdK@e,f/ a*gif;uGJ&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;axG;/ trd a':ouf+rdKifwkd@rS 1947 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (12) &ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;aygcifonf ar+rdK@pdef@tJvAwftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ jrif;+cH+rdK@tpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)wdk@wGif tajccHynmoif=um;cJh+yD; 1975 ckESpfwGif &efukefpufr_wuUodkvfrS +rdK@jytif*sifeD,mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? ukefonfvkyfief;jzifhotoufarG;onf? pufr_wuUodkvfvufa&G;pOfabmfvHk; orm;/ 1970 jynfhESpfwGif a':&D&DOD;ESifhvufxyfcJhonf? jrif;+cH+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif b¾m a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ arv (30)&ufae@nwGif jzpfysufcJhonfh tm%mydkifrsm;udk,fwdkifyg0if ywfouf pDpOfusL;vGefcJhonfh 'DyJ,if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vky}f uHwdkufcdkufowfjzwfr_}uD;twGif; zrf;qD;xdef;odrf; cHcJh&+yD; 2004 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (16)&ufae@wGif uav;tusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 43? jrif;+cH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;armifarmif0if;(c)OD;0if;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifarmif0if;(c)OD;0if;armifonf jrif;+cH+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(39088)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²08)jzifh a&G;cs,fwif ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? jrif;+cH+rdK@e,f/ anmifyif&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;wifarmif/ trd a':odef;wdk@rS 1948 ckESpf/ {+yDv (19)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;armifarmif0if;(c)OD;0if;armifonf rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`H wuUodkvfrS 0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJhI &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfwGif r[m0dZ…mbJG@udk tydkif;(u)txdoif,lcJhonf? 1972 ckESpfwGif a':qef;,OfESifhvufxyfcJhonf? udk,fydkifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfonf? jrif;+cH+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 44? jrpfom;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? a':tkef;=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a':tkef;=unfonf jrpfom;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(20903)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(70²11)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? EGm;xkd;}uD;+rdK@e,f/ urf;em;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;yk/ trd a':oef;wifwkd@rS 1952 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&D v (25)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? i,femrnfrvSaX;(ac:)a':tkef;=unfonf awmif}uD;aumvdyfrS 196970 ckESpfwGif "mwkt"du,lI 1973 ckESpfwGif rEWav;wuUodkvfrS ody`H("mwkaA')bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd pma&;0efxrf;(jrpfom;+rdK@)/ 1980 jynfhESpfwGif txufwef;a&S@aepmar;yGJatmifjrifcJhonf? 1978 ckESpfwGif OD;!Gef@wifESifhvufxyfcJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD; wGifyg0ifcJhonf? ausmif;om;b0u ‘t’oHk;vHk;vkyftm;ay;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? a&S@aetjzpfvkdufygtoufarG; onf? jrpfom;+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? a':tkef;=unfonf - 191 -

1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (29)&ufae@u tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm; vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrfwGifðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpdk;&zGJ@pnf;a&;v#dK@0Suftpnf;a0;odk@wufa&mufcJhI ouf qdkif&mrSzrf;qD;xdefodrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? xdkaemuf jypfr_qkdif&mOya' yk'fr (122)(1)t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif; cH&I a&G;aumufyJGOya' yk'fr(11)(n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1992 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (6)&ufae@wGif a=unm csuftrSwf(996)jzifh a=unmonf? aemifwGifjyKvkyfr!fha±G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJh onf? 1992 ckESpf/ arv (4)&ufae‹wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrS jyefvGwfonf? 45? jrpfom;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? a'gufwmrsdK;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmrsKd;jrifhonf jrpfom;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(18129)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(60²96)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? jrpfom;+rdK@e,f/ ulrJZmwdjzpfonf? Tz OD;!Gef@armif/ trd a':pef;wdk@rS 1954 ckESpf/ {+yDv (4)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;onf? OD;rsKd;jrifhonf 1981 ckESpfwGif rEWav;aq;wuUodkfvfrS q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? aq;wuUodkvfrEWav;wGif vrff;pOfvli,f/ ulrJwGif t&efygwD0if/ ausmif;+yD;onfESifhaetdrfwGifaq;cef;zGifh onf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? jrpfom;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1996 ckESpf/ ZGefv (16)&ufae‹wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSE_wfxGufa=umif; a=unmcsuf trSwf(1271)jzifh a=unmcJhonf? 46? &rnf;oif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;armifarmifjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifarmifjrifhonf &rnf;oif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(19049)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(46²94)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? &rnf;oif;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;atmifwif/ trd a':wifnGe@f wdk@rS 1942 ckESpf/ arv (3)&uf ae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;armifarmifjrifhonf '\rwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhI vlr_a&;ESifhbmoma&;vkyf ief;rsm;wGifyg0ifaqmif&GufcJhonf? ZeD;a':0if;=unfESifhom;orD;(6)OD;xGef;um;onf? yHkESdyfpufESifhqefpufvkyf ief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? &rnf;oif; +rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif +rdK@e,fb¾a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? OD;armifarmifjrifhonf 1961 ckESpf/ jypfr_usL;vGefwwfolrsm;ajccsKyfESifhcH0eftufOya' yk'fr(5) yk'frcJG(1)(p)(q)ESifh jypfr_qkdif&mOya' yk'fr (290) wkd@jzifhjypf'%fpD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr (11)(Ë)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f tjzpfrSy,fzsufvdkufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe 0g&Dv (9)&ufae@wGif a=unmcJhonf? 47? &rnf;oif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;armifarmifoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - 192 -

OD;armifarmifoef;onf &rnf;oif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(15082)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(41²24)jzihf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? ompnf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1950 jynfhESpf/ =o*kwfv (31)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;pdef.om;jzpf onf? OD;armifarmifoef;onf rEWav;+rdK@/ pdef@aZAD;,m;tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;udk(c)tqifh jzifhatmifjrifcJh+yD;aemuf/ 1972 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmf(av)okd@0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1972 ckESpfrS 1983 ckESpftxd ajrjyiftwwfoifavwyfpcef;(rdwˆDvm)/ (502)avwyfpcef;/ r*Fvm'Hk/ wyfrawmfavwGif&SdpOf q,fwef;udk (u)tqifhjzifhajzqkdatmifjrifcJhonf? 1983 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJh+yD; rdbvufikwfudk,fykdifvkyfief;vkyf udkvkyfudkifcJhonf? 48? v,fa0;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;wifxGÉfOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifxÉfOD;onf v,fa0;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(22887)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(53²97)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? rEWav;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;udk}uD;/ trd a':cif+idrf;+idrf;wdk@rS 1963 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (27)&uf ae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;wifxGÉfOD;onf 1983 ckESpfwGif rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUokdvfrS ody`H(±lyaA')bJG@&¶SdcJh onf? ausmif;+yD;onfhaemuf rdb.jrefrm@aq;udk,fpm;vS,fvkyfief;udkvkyfudkifcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ arv (30)&ufae@nwGifjzpfysufcJhonfh tm%mydkifrsm;udk,fwdkif yg0ifywfoufpDpOfusL;vGefcJhonfh 'DyJ,if;aoG; acsmif;pD;vkyf}uHwdkufcdkufowfjzwfr_}uD;twGif; zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;cHcJh&+yD; 2004 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (16)&ufae@ wGif a¶$bdktusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 49? v,fa0;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;nDnDxGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;nDnDxGef;onf v,fa0;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,Sof+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(23457)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(55²95)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh &onf? &rnf;oif;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;jrwfomxGef;/ trd a':apmav;wdk@rS 1935 ckESpf/ arv (22) &ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;nDnDxGef;onf 1952 ckESpfwGif wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifI &efukefwuUodkvf wGif Oypm0dZ…m(c)txddynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1958 ckESpfwGif v,fa0;+rdK@e,f jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK; om;nD!Gwfa&;wyfaygif;pk(y-r-n-w) OuUX/ 1960 jynfhESpfwGif y-r-n-w +rdK@e,ftrwfavmif;/ 1963 ckESpfwGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD qdkifwm0efcH/ awmifolv,form;aumifpD twGif;a&;r–;/ 1982 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,for0g,r refae*sm/ 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif yg0ifcJhonf? txufwef;a&S@aepmar;yGJatmifjrifcJhonf? v,fa0;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif +rdK@e,fwm0efcH wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1999 ckESpf/ rwfv (12)&ufae@u v,fa0;+rdK@e,f/ om,mukef;aus;¶Gm wGifjyKvkyfcJhonfh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tzGJ@0ifrsm;EkwfxGufv$may;tyfyGJtcrf;tem;wGif OD;nDnDxGef; udk,fwdkifwufa&mufI ‚if;EkwfxGuf&jcif;ta=umif;udk¶Sif;jycJhonf[k 1999 ckESpf/ rwfv (13)&ufae@xkwf &ufae@xkwf etz owif;pmrsm;wGifazmfjycJhonf?

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50? 0rf;wGif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? a'gufwmaomif;wif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmaomif;wifonf 0rf;wGif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(26616)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(65²63)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? yGifhjzLòrd@e,f/ a&Smufawmaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;jraomif;/ trd a':cifwdk@rS 1949 ckESpf/ ZGefv (24)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;aomif;wifonf 1975 ckESpfwGif aq;wuUodkvf(1)&efukefrS q&m0ef bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1977 ckESpfrS 1980 jynfhESpftxd wm0efcHq&m0ef bk&m;pkaus;&Gm/ or0g,rvlr_a&;aq;ay; cef;/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 51? 0rf;wGif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;vSatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSatmifonf 0rf;wGif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(29802)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(66²99)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? 0rf;wGif;+rdK@e,f/ jynfawmf&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;at;armif/ trd a':at;=unfwkd@rS 1941 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (27)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;vSatmifonf 0dZ…mbJG@/ tjynfjynfqdkif&mqufoG,fa&; ynm a&;'Dyvkdrmwdk@udk &efukefwuUodkvfrS 1962 ckESpfESifh 1964 ckESpfwdk@wGifvnf;aumif;/ 1962 ckESpfESihf 1970 jynfhESpfwdk@wGif armfpudkEkdifiHawmfwuUodkvfrS ±k&Sm;bmom'DyvdkrmESifh pD;yGm;a&;yg&bJG@wkd@udkvnf;aumif; toD;oD;&&SdcJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfrS 1977 ckESpftxd okawoet&m&SdESifh vufaxmufuxdu A[dk EdkifiHa&;wuUodkfvf? ,if;XmerSqENtavsmufE_wfxGuf+yD; ZmwdwGif ±dk;&mawmifolvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 0rf;wGif;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 52? oydwfusif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;armf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armfonf oydwfusif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(14371)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²96)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1923 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (13)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? uef@bvl+rdK@e,f/ ZD;ukef;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;om*srf;.om; jzpfonf? OD;armfonf 1938-39 ckESpf/ ausmif;om;oydwfESifh 'dk@Armtpnf;t±Hk;0if/ 1944 ckESpfwGif uGefjrL epfygwD0if/ 1946 ckESpfwGif tvHeDuGefjrLepfygwD0if/ 1948 ckESpfwGifawmckdum 1958 ckESpfwGif tvHeDXme csKyfukdoydwfarSmufI 1962 ckESpfwGiftvif;0ifcJhonf? 1964 ckESpfwGif +rdK@e,f OuUX (q-p-w-u)/ 1970 jynfhESpfwGif +rdK@e,for0g,rtoif; OuUX/ 1981 ckESpfwGif +rdK@e,fvkyfief;ppfaq;a&; tzJG@0if/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifonf? 1991 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (5)&ufae@wGif uG,fvGefa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS a=unmcsuftrSwf(951)jzifh 1991 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (13)&ufae@wGif xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf?

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53? ompnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;odrf;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;odrf;armifonf ompnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(21050)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(61²02)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? tz OD;pH=uL;/ trd a':vSJ@wkd@rS 1943 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (13)&ufae@wiG farG;zGm;cJhonf? ompnf+rdK@e,f/ [HZm;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;odef;armifonf 0dZ…m('\edu)bJG@udk pmay;pm,ljzifh &efukefwuUodkvfrS &¶SdcJhonf? tv,fwef;jyausmif;q&m/ xkd@aemuf 1981 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,fvkyfief;ppfaq;a&; tzJG@/ 1986 ckESpfwGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDwm0efrSE_wfxGuf+yD; rdom;pkwpfEkdifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 54? ompnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;armifarmifav;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifarmifav;onf ompnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(19179)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(57²59)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? ompnf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;apmat;csKd/ trd a':cif=unfwkd@rS 1949 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (24)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;armifarmifav;onf 1970 jynfhESpfwGif rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS 0dZ…m(yx0D)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1971 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd yxrtoif;pkr–; or0g,rOD;pD;Xme(uavm/ ompnf)/ 1987-88 ckESpfwGif XmeOD;pD;/ or0g,rOD;pD;Xme(erfhprf)/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdk ua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (16)&ufae@wGif0effxrf;tjzpfrS E_wf xGufcJhonf? ompnf+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 55? tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? a'gufwmaZmfjrifharmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmaZmfjrifharmifonf tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(21119)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(66²35)jzifh a&G;cs,fwif ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1951 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (11)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;cspfarmif.om;jzpfonf? a'gufwmaZmfjrifharmifonf 1979 ckESpfwGif rEWav;aq;wuUodkvfrS q&m0efbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1982-83 ckESpf wGif wm0efcHq&m0ef(rEWav;wdkif;) ppfudkif;&Gmopf}uD;wdkufe,faq;±Hk/ 1983 ckEpS frS 1988 ckESpftxd ZD0 "mwko±kyfjyq&m(rEWav;aq;wuUodkvf)/ aq;ynmr[mody`H(ZD0"mwk)bJG@vGefoifwef;yxrESpfudk 1985 ckESpfwGif atmifjrifcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ atmufwkdbmvwGif &efukefokd@ajymif;a&$@cH&ojzifh E_wfxGufcGifhawmif;cHcJh&m 1988 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmvwGifE_wfxGufcGifh&cJhonf? udk,fykdifaq;ukcef;zGifhxm;onf? a'gufwmaZmfjrifharmifonf 1990 jynfhESpf/ =o*kwfv (29)&ufae@wGif tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrfwGifðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpdk;&zGJG@pnf;a&;vsKd@0Suftpnf;ta0; jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf ae&m xkdifcif;pDpOfjcif;/ {nfhcHau|;arG;jcif;ESifh tpnf;ta0;wGifaqG;aEG;a[majymjcif;rsm;jyKvkyfcJhonf? 1990 jynfh - 195 -

ESpf/ pufwifbmv (30)&ufae@wGif rEWav;taemufawmif+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf±Hk;wGifðyvkyf aom ,m,Dtpdk;&zJG@pnf;a&;v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;odk@vnf;wufa&mufcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdk bmv (1)&ufae@wGif trmcH (Hard Core) (6)OD;twGuf qufoG,fr_ESifhaexkdifpm;aomufr_tydkif;udk wm0ef,lvkyfaqmif&efuwdfay;cJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzpf =uaom OD;bkdvSwifh/ OD;0if;udk/ OD;vSaz/ OD;odef;OD;wdk@ awmwGif;oGm;rnfhtpDtpOfudkóudwifodxm;cJhonf? OD;bkdvSwifhawmwGif;a&muf&Sdaea=umif;udkvnf; ,if;.tquftoG,fjzifhod&SdcJhI oufqkdif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef; ofdrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? a'gufwmaZmfjrifharmif;tm; jypfr_qkdif&mOya' yk'fr 122 (1)t& jypf'%fpD&ifjcif; cH&I a&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr (11)(n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwD pHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (27)&ufae@wGifa=unmcJh onf? aemifwGifjyKvkyfr!fha±G;aumufyGJrsm;Yyg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ Edk0ifbm vwGif axmif'%f(25)csrSwfcHcJh&onf? 56? tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;bbGm;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;bbGm;onf tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(24163)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²59)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? 1927 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (11)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? ocifAodef;.om;jzpfonf? ODbbGm;onf ocifAodfef;ESifhtwl 'dk@Armtpnf;t±Hk;/ e,fcsJ@qef@usifa&;/ zufqpfqef@usifa&;/ zufqpfawmfvSefa&; wkdufyJGwdk@Yyg0ifcJhonf? 1946 ckESpf/ wyfrawmfzJG@csdef wyfrawmfwGifwm0efxef;aqmif+yD;/ 1948 ckESpf/ vGwfvyfa&;&onfhtcg wyfrawmfrSxGufcJhonf? 1948 ckESpfwGif a&mifpHkolykefrsm;vufrS tr&yl&+rdK@udk jyef vnfodrf;ydkufwdkufckduf&mwGifyg0ifcJhonf? zcifocifAodef; ygvDreftwGif;0efvkyfpOf z-q-y-v tzJG@csKyf wGifyg0ifcJhonf? &Srf;a*gif;&yf/ av;pk&yfuGuf/ tr&yl&wGifaeonf? ,if;onf 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (29)&ufae@uusif;yðyvkyfonfh ,m,Dtpdk;&zGJ@pnf;a&;v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;udk ,if;.aetdrfwGifðyvkyfcGifh ay;cJh+yD; udk,fwdkiftqdkygtpnf;ta0;odk@wufa&mufyg0ifaqG;aEG;cJhojzifh oufqkdif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif; cHcJh&onf? ,if;aemufOD;bbGm;onf jypfr_qdkif&mOya' yk'fr 122 (1)t& jypf'%fpD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyJG Oya'yk'fr 11 (n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG a¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (30)&ufae@wGifa=unmcJhonf? aemifwGifjyKvkyf r!fha±G;aumufyGJrsm;Yyg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudk ydwfyifcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ arv (4)&ufae‹wGif tif;pdeftusOf; axmifrSjyefvGwfonf? (10) rGefjynfe,f? ajrmufbufwGif yJcl;wdkif;/ ta¶S@bufwGif u&ifjynfe,f/ awmifbufwGif weoFm&Dwdkif;ESifh taemufbufwGif rkwWryifv,fjyifwdk@wnf¶Sdonf? rGefjynfe,fwGif +rdK@e,f(10)+rdK@e,f¶Sd rJqENe,f(20)e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(16)cktm; udk,f pm;jyK,SOf+ydKifolv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(94)OD;/ woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(1)OD;/ pkpk

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aygif;(95)OD;0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh=u&m trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(16)ae&mESifh rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ rS(4)ae&m toD;oD;a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf? 1? usdKufxdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;&JxGÉf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD&JxGÉfonf usdKufxkd+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(16281)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(66²03)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;azcif.om;jzpfonf? 1922 ckESpf/ {+yDv (21)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? awmfvSefa&;umvwGif Armh vGwfvyf a&;wyfrawmf(bDtdkifat)wGifyg0ifcJh+yD; tm&Svli,f +rdwfc±kdifpnf;±Hk;a&;wm0efcH/ 1952 ckESpfwGif ody`HbJG@&¶SdcJh I "mwkaA'enf;jyq&mESifh yif;,aqmiftaqmifenf;jy/ 1953 ckESpfrS 1954 ckESpftxd z-q-y-v tvkyf orm;tpnf;t±Hk;(wD,lpDbD)wGif a&eHESifhowWKXme/ vufaxmufXmewm0efcH/ 1963 ckESpfwGif z-q-y-v weoFm&Dwkdif;r–;/ 1969 ckESpfwGif Oya'bJG@&¶SdcJhI 1971 ckESpfrSpI w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@ae/ 1988 ckESpfwGif trsKd; om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyf A[dkOD;pD;tzJG@0if/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyf rGefjynfe,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;tzJG@0if tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 2? usdKufxdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? a'gufwmat;ZH/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmat;ZHonf usdKufxdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(15988)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(78²83)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1954 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? OD;ausmfZH.om;jzpfonf? rk'Hk+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? a'gufwmat;ZHonf rk'Hk+rdK@/ oDayg+rdK@ESifh oHjzLZ&yf+rdK@rsm;wGif tajccHynmoif,lcJhonf? 1979 ckESpfwGif aq;ynmbJG@udk r*Fvm'Hk aq;wuUodkvf(2)rS&&SdcJh+yD; rk'Hk+rdK@wGif udk,fydkifaq;ukcef;zGifhvSpfvkyfudkfifcJhonf? 1989 ckESpf/ {+yDvrSpI usKdufxkd+rdK@odk@ajymif;a&$@aexkdif+yD; udk,fydkifaq;ukcef;zGifhvSpfvkyfudkifcJhonf? 3? usdKufra&m+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;jrifhodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrihfodef;onf usdKufra&m+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(10576)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(52²96)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh &onf? OD;atmif=unf.om;jzpfonf? 1947 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? ppfudkif;wdkif;/ ige;f ZGef+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;jrifhodef;onf 1968 ckESpfwGif pDyGm;a&;wuUodkvfrS 0g%dZ…/ 0dZ…mbGJ@&¶SdcJh+yD; 1970 jynfhESpfwGif or0g,r 0ef}uD;XmeY tvkyf0ifa&mufvkyfudkifcJhonf? oxkH/ rwW&m/ qDqdkif/ awmif}uD;/ bkwvif/ qdyfurf;/ &efukef ±Hk;csKyfESifh usdKufra&m+rdK@wkd@wGif or0g,rOD;pD;Xme/ +rdK@e,fOD;pD;r–;wm0efwkd@udk xrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1989 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&DvwGift+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 4? usdKufra&m+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? - 197 -

OD;rif;cifarmif(c)Edkifcifarmif/ rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@? OD;rif;cifarmif(c)Edkifcifarmifonf usdKuffra&m+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@tm;udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(11528)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(41²89)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwif ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz EdkifvGef;cdkif/ trd rdjrcspfwdk@rS 1933 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (8)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJh onf? OD;rif;cifarmif(c)Edkifcifarmifonf 1962 ckESpw f Gif v#yfppf"mwftm;ay;a&;tzGJ@ vufaxmuftif*sifeD ,m/ 1966 ckESpfwGif pufypPnf;}uD;=uyfa&;tzGJ@Y tr_aqmift&m¶Sd/ xdk@aemuf 'kwd,tr_aqmift&m¶SdcsKyf/ 1972 ckESpfrSpI A[dkpufypPnf;pm&if;tif;ESifhppfaq;a&;OD;pD;Xme 'kwd,!$ef=um;a&;rª;/ 1989 ckESpf/ rwfv (31)&ufae@wGift+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? &efukefwuUodkvfrGeftoif;wGif twGif;a&;rª;tjzpf 1957-58 ckESpf/ 1958-59 ckESpf/ rGefpmayESifh,Ofaus;r_aumfrwD(&efukef)wGif 1978-80/ 1980-82/ 1982-84 ckESpfrsm;Y OuUX/ rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0if(wdkif;&if;om;a&;&mXmerª;)/ jynfaxmifpk wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf rl0g'a&;&maumfrwDwGif tzGJ@0if/ a¶G;aumufyGJ,SOf+ydKifbuf trsdK; om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS udk,fpm;vS,favmif; OD;wifaiGu a¶G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mwifoGif;cJhojzifh a¶G; aumufyGJcHktzGJ@(1). =um;emppfaq;r_udkcHcJh&onf? OD;rif;cifarmif(c)Edkifcifarmif ¡ rGefausmif;em,utzGJ@ 0if/ rGef"rRm¶Hkwnfaqmufa&;aumfrwD 'kwd,OuUX/ rGef"rRm¶HkESifhrGefydÉuwfwdkuf xdef;odrf;apmifha¶Smufa&; em,utzGJ@0if/ rGefpmayESifh,Ofaus;r_aumfrwD(&efukef).em,utzGJ@0if ¢ onf 2002 ckESpf/ pufwifbm v (29)&ufae@wGif &efukef+rdK@YuG,fvGefonf? ema&;a=umfjim ² ² ² OD;rif;cifarmif (c) Edkifcifarmif touf(70) B.Sc.(Engg.) Mech.

zJuwm/ uwdk;aumhESyf (prf;acsmif;/ &efukef) 'kwd,!$ef=um;a&;rª; (+idrf;) A[dkpufypPnf;pm&if;tif;ESifhppfaq;a&;OD;pD;Xme vlr_xl;c|ef(wwd,qifh) armfv+rdKif+rdK@/ uwdk;aumhESyfaus;¶Gmae (EdkifvGef;cdkif-rdjrcspf)[email protected];/ armfv+rdKif+rdK@/ 'dkif;0efuGif;&yf/ 0wf}uD;vrf;ae (OD;yk-a':aiG+rdKif)[email protected];oruf/ trSwf(40)/ iSufaysmawmvrf;/ u|ef;awmajrmuf&yfuGuf/ prf;acsmif;+rdK@e,fae a':wifpdef.cspfvSpGmaomcifyGef;/ (OD;pdk;odef;/ ava=umif;OD;pD;Xme)-a':oif;+rdKifwdk@. nD§armif/ OD;rif;ndKodrf;(¶Hk;tzGJ@rª;/ +idrf;)-a':vS=unf/ OD;atmifjrifh-a':wifwif/ a':0if;0if;¶Sdef(EdkifiHawmf at;csrf;om,ma&;ESifhzGH@+zdK;a&;aumifpD¶Hk;)/ OD;pdk;jrifh-a':wifa¶[email protected]/ udkausmfvif;aZmf(acwWU.S.A.)/ udkxGef;xGef;/ udkrsdK;ol&-ywfcs,f&Dcp(acwW-Aefaumuf)/ udkxGef;odef;(C.E., N.S.S.P.L.)reDvmcif/ udkwifh atmif/ reDvmatmif (Final Part I, I.M. 1) wdk@. aus;Zl;¶Sifzcif/ eef@cs&m/ armif+zdK;rif; odef;[email protected]; onf 29-9-2002 &ufwGif uG,fvGefygI 1-10-2002 &uf (t*Fgae@) rGef;vGJ 1 em&DwGif xdefyiftat; wdkufrS xdefyifokomefodk@ ydk@aqmifrD;o+*õK[fygrnf? usef&pfolrdom;pk 5? acsmif;qHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?

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OD;atmif=unf!Gef@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmif=unf!Gef@onf acsmif;qHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(10344)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(44²45)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;wifjrifh.om;jzpfonf? 1951 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (8)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? rEWav;wkdif;/ wyfukef;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;atmif=unf!Gef@onf 1973 ckESpfwGif txufwef;a&S@aepmar;yJGatmifjrifcJh onf? 1975 ckESpfwGif pkdufysKd;ynmbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1977 ckESpfrSpI acsmif;qHk+rdK@ taemufydkif;&yfuGufwGifaeI txufwef;a&S@aetjzpftoufarG;onf? OD;atmif=unf!Gef@onf jypfr_qkdif&mOya' yk'fr (416)(109)jzihf jypf'%fpD&ifjcif;cHcJh&I a&G;aumufyJGOya' yk'fr (11)(Ë)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,f zsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (9)&ufae@ wGif a=unmcJhonf? 6? acsmif;qHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? a':cifaX;ºuG,f/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a':cifaX;ºuG,fonf acsmif;qHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(18307)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(80²44)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? OD;uGefyg.orD;jzpfonf? 1946 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (10)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? acsmif;qHk+rdK@e,f/ rk&pf uav;tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif qXrwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? xdkrS &efukefodk@ajymif;a&$@ynm oif=um;cJh&m 1966 ckESpfwGif trSwf(3)wmarGtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? xkdrS &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfodk@ wufa&mufynmoif=um;cJh&m 1970 jynfhESpfwGif ody`H(owWaA')bJG@&¶SdcJh onf? bJG@&+yD;aemuf A[dkv,faumifpD pma&;0efxrf;/ 1978 ckESpfwGif rSwfyHkwifa&S@ae oifwef;atmifjrif onfhtcgpma&;0efxrf;tjzpfrSE_wfxGufcJhonf? ,if;aemufw&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aetjzpfvdkufygaqmif&GufcJhonf? 7? aygif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;Om%f0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;Om%f0if;onf aygif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(20032)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(55²2)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;csdefaz/ trd a':&Dwkd@rS 1942 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (20)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? usdKufcrDZmwdjzpfonf? OD;Om%f0if;onf 1948-49 ckESpfrS 1959-60 ckESpt f xd usdKufcrDtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ armfv+rdKif &Sifr[mAk'
Edkifaomif;!Gef@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? Ekdifaomif;!Gef@onf aygif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(21242)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(59²12)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? OD;bkd;ouf.om;jzpfonf? 1934 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (31)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? aygif+rdK@/ u'g&yfuGufZmwd jzpfonf? Ekdifaomif;!Gef@onf 1943 ckESpfrSpI bkef;awmf}uD;ausmif;ynm/ rlvwef;ynm/ tv,fwef;/ txufwef;ESifhwuUodkvf0ifwef;txd/ "rRar"eDausmif;ESifh aygif+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wkd@wGif ynm oif=um;cJhonf? ausmif;rSxGufI v,fvkyfief;vkyfukdifcJh+yD; aygif+rdK@e,f z-q-y-v/ A-w-v-p wkd@wGif +rdK@e,ftqifh/ 1965 ckESpfwGif q-p-w-u twGif;a&;r–;/ 1968 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (17)&ufae@rSpI ,lepf a&;&mr–;/ ,lepfaumfrwD0if/ 1977 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (2)&ufae@rS 1978 ckESpf/ ZGefv (10)&ufae@txd ygwD,lepf twGif;a&;r–;/ 1978 ckESpf/ ZGefv (11)&ufae@rS 1985 ckESpf/ ZGefv (11)&ufae@txd ygwD,lepf OuUX wm0efwkd@udkxrf;aqmifcJh+yD; 1986 ckESpf/ arv (25)&ufae@wGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDrS E_wf xGufcJhonf? 9? bD;vif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;armifarmifvwf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifarmifvwfonf bD;vif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(16912)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(70²82)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? OD;xGef;pdef.om;jzpfonf? bD;vif;+rdK@e,f/ a&SavSaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1947 ckESpf/ pufwifbm v (9)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;armifarmifvwfonf a&SavSaus;&Gmrlvwef;ausmif;/ bD;vif;/ usdKufxkd/ oxHk tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif tajccHynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1972 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvf rS 0dZ…mbJG@(Oya')ESifh 1973 ckESpfwGif Oya'0dZ…mbJG@wkd@&¶SdcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfwGif A[kdw&m;±Hk;tvkyfoif a&S@aeoifwef;wufa&mufcJhI 1975 ckESpfwGif txufwef;a&S@aevkdifpif&&Sd+yD; bD;vif;/ usdKufxkd+rdK@e,f w&m;±Hk;ESifh rGefjynfe,fw&m;±Hk;wkd@wGifa&S@aetjzpfvdkufygaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1983 ckESpfwGif A[dkw&m;±Hk; a&S@aetjzpfpwifvdkufygaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1981 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd bD;vif;+rdK@e,f a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf yJGaumfr&Sif tzJG@0if/ 1975 ckESpfwGif a&SavSaus;&GmpmqkdawmfyJGESifh 1986 ckESpfwGif bD;vif;pmqkdawmfae@ wkd@wGifa[majymcJhonf? 10? bD;vif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;armifarmif(opPm¶Sif)/ trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifarmifonf bD;vif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(14180)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(67²88)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? 1930 jynfhESpfzGm;jzpfonf? ar+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;jrat;.om;jzpfonf? OD;armifarmifonf ppftwGif; tm&Svli,ftzJG@0ifESifh 1954 ckESpfrSpI +rdK@e,fausmif;om;or*~ESifh ausmif;om;wyfOD;wGif +rdK@e,f wyfa&;/ 1946 ckESpfwGif taxGaxGoydwfacgif;aqmif/ 1947 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmfodk@0ifa&mufcJh+yD; 1950 jy!hfESpfwGif ol&Jaumif;rSwfwrf;0ifwHqdyf&onf? 1955 ckESpfrS 1957 ckESpftxd pifumyl/ - 200 -

=opa=w;vsESihf tar&duefjynfaxmifpkwdk@wGif ppfoifwef;wufa&mufcJhonf? '*Hk+rdK@e,f}uH@ckdifa&;toif; +rdK@e,fpnf;±Hk;a&;r–;ESifh &efukefwkdif; (tv,fykdif;) wvu twGif;a&;r–;/ jynfol@axmufyHha&;tzJG@ tpdk;& cef@tzJG@0if/ rEWav; wkdif;tvkyform;}uD;=uyfa&;tzJG@ twGif;a&;r–;/ 1972 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmfrS Akdvfr– ;tqifhjzihf t+idrf;pm;,l cJhonf? 1963 ckESpfrS 1977 ckESpftxd vrf;pOfygwDXmecsKyf ynma&;&mXmewGif XmecJGr–;ESifh 'kwd,Xmer–;/ XmecsKyfygwD,lepf OuUXESifh A[dkaumfrwD0iftxd/ tjynfjynfqkdif&mqufoG,f a&;ESihf EkdifiHjcm;a&;&maumfrwD twGif;a&;r–;/ zJG@pnf;yHktajccHOya'a&;qJGa&;aumfr&SifwGif tzJG@0ifESihf aumfrwDtzJG@cJGtwGif;a&;r–;/ xD;csdKifhrJqENe,fv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f/ jynfol@v$wfawmf tjynfjynf qkdif&mqufoG,fa&;ESihfEkdifiHjcm;a&;&maumfrwD twGif;a&;r–;/ ukvor*~okd@(3)}udrfESifh bufrvkdufEkdifiHrsm; nDvmcHodk@(2)}udrf wufa&mufcJhonf? 0efxrf;a&G;cs,favhusifha&;tzJG@0if/ 1977 ckESpfwGif ygwDwm0efrsm;rS ±kyfodrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ,if;aemuf EkdifiHjcm;ukr`%Drsm;wGif u|rf;usifr_vufaxmuf/ ar+rdK@toif;(&efukef) OuUX/ ‘opPm&Sif’uavmiftrnfjzihf pma&;q&m/ 1988 ckESpfwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfESihf rsdK;cspf &Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@odk@0ifa&mufcJhonf? rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@wGif A[dkaumfrwD0ifESifhtwGif;a&;r– ;(pDrH)tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 11? rk'Hk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? a':wifapmOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGH@csKyf? a':wifapmOD;onf rk'Hk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(20472)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(54²17)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rk'Hk+rdK@e,f/ anmif0dkif;Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;vSa&$/ trd a':aiG&Dwkd@rS 1944 ckESpf/ rwfv (14)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? a':wifapmOD;onf rk'Hk&Sif&[Hausmif;wGif rlvwef;ynmpwifoif=um;cJhonf? 1960 jynfhESpf wGif armfv+rdKif armfwifvdef;*s'fqiftxufwef;ausmif;rS wef;jrifhausmif;xGufpmar;yJGudkvnf;aumif;/ 1961 ckESpfwGif rk'Hk+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS wuUodkvf0ifwef;udkvnf;aumif; atmifjrifcJhonf? 1967 -68 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS 0dZ…m(Oya')bGJ@ESihfOya'0dZ…mbGJ@wdk@&¶SdcJhonf? 1969 ckESpfwGif armfv+rdKif+rdK@e,f w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aerpPwmea';qif;xHwGif tvkyfoifa&S@aetjzpfavhvmqnf;yl;cJhonf? 1971 ckESpf/ rwfv (30)&ufae@wGif w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aejzpfvm+yD;aemuf rGefjynfe,fw&m;¶Hk;ESifh rk'Hk+rdK@e,f w&m;±Hk;rsm;wGif w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aetjzpfvkdufygaqmif&GufcJhonf? 12? rk'Hk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? a'gufwmrif;=unf0if;/ rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@? a'gufwmrif;=unf0if;onf rk'Hk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(24430)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(66²16)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? tz OD;Edkifausmf(uG,fvGef)/ trd a':apm¶Sdefwdk@rS 1952 ckESpf/ ZGefv (29)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwmrif;=unf0if;onf arG;csif;armifESpfr(5)a,mufteuf 'kwd,ajrmufom;jzpfonf? i,femrnf rif; aiG=unf0if;jzpfonf? rk'Hk+rdK@e,f/ anmifukef;aus;¶Gm rGefrlvwef;ausmif;wGif rlvwef;ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ tv,fwef;ESifhtxufwef;ynmudk rk'Hk+rdK@/ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)wGif oif=um;cJhonf? 1971 ckESpfwGif (10)wef;udk (3)bmom*k%fxl;jzifhatmifjrifcJhonf? 1980 jynfhESpfwGif aq;wuUodkvf(2)r*Fvm'HkrS q&m0efbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1982-83 ckESpfwGif +rdK@e,fudk,fxludk,fxausmif; usef;rma&;q&m0ef/ 1981 - 201 -

ckESpfwGif rdprf;EGJ@(enf;jy/ ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;ynmoifausmif;/ armfv+rdKif+rdK@)ESifhvufxyfcJhonf? udk,fydkif aq;ukocef; zGifhvSpfvkyfudkifonf? rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@(A[dk)wGif wGJzuftwGif;a&;rª;(1) wm0ef,lcJh onf? 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmvwGif 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (n)jzifh axmif '%f(7)ESpf csrSwfjcif; cHcJh&+yD;/ 2004 ckESpf/ ZGefv (4)&ufae@wGif armfv+rdKiftusOf;axmifrS jyefvGwfonf? 13? armfv+rdKif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? Adkvfrª;}uD;vGef;wif(t+idrf;pm;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? Akdvfr–;}uD;vGef;wif(t+idrf;pm;)onf armfv+rdKif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(39624)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(77²29)jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? armfv+rdKif+rdK@e,f/ aumhESyf&GmZmwdjzpfonf? rGeftrsKd;om;Ak'
aumifpDwGif awmfvSefa&;aumifpDa=unmcsuftrSwf(34)jzifh 1962 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (5)&ufae@wGif awmfvSef a&;aumifpD0iftjzpf cef@tyfcHcJh&onf? jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD wif;jynfhygwD0ifvnf;jzpfcJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif wyfrSL;a[mif;rsm;tzJG@0iftjzpf yg0ifv_yf&Sm; cJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if(yxrqifh)/ EdkifiHh*k%f&nf(yxrqifh)/ oD&dysHcsD/ aZ,sausmfxif/ oD[Av wHqdyfwkd@tygt0if qkwHqdyf(7)ck&¶SdcJhonf? 1951 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (9)&ufae@wGif a':oef;=unfESifh vuf xyfcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ rwfv (26)&uf ae@wGif jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;onfh A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@wGif tzGJ@0iftjzpfwdk;jr‡ifhwm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1996 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (9)&ufae‹wGif topfjyef vnfzGJŒpnf;onfh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dkaumfrwDY A[dktvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwD0if/ rGefjynfe,f wm0efcHtjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (16)&ufae@wGifzGJ@pnf;cJhonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwDwGif tzGJ@0ifjzpfvmcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ arv (30)&ufae@nwGif jzpfyGm;cJhonfh tm%mydkifrsm;udk,fwdkif yg0ifywfoufpDpOfusL;vGefcJhonfh 'DyJ,if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vkyf}uHwdkuf cdkufowfjzwfr_}uD;jzpfyGm;t+yD;wGif aetdrftus,fcsKyfjzifh zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; 2003 ckESpf/ Edk0if bmv (24)&ufae@wGifjyefvGwfonf? ¡ u|efawmfonf armfvòrdifc¶kdif uwkd;aumhESyf&GmrSaeI ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtkdifat)ESifh vkdufygvmcJhonf? bm;tHodk@a&mufaomtcg ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtkdifat)XmecsKyf&Sd&m,dk;',m; e,fpyf &[kdif;bufodk@c&D;qufcJh.? &[dkif;Y *syefjyefAdkfvfrdk;(ocifat;armif)OD;aqmifaomwyfzGJ@udkzGJ@pnf; &mwGifyg0if+yD;vufeufrsm;udkvufcH&&Sdonf? vufeufrsm;rSm wyfzGJ@0ifOD;a&xufrsm;aeonfhtwGuf ydkv#H aomvufeufrsm;udko,fum awmtxyfxyfawmiftxyfxyfjzwfI zmyGefvrf;bufodk@csDwuf=uonf? csDwuf&mvrf;wav#mufY u&if&GmrStyrnfonfh&Gmr#r&Sd? acsmif;óudacsmif;=um;/ ajrmif;óudajrmif;=um; auG@ywfumcsDwufcJh=uonf? xrif;vnf;iwfcJhonf? odk@aomfvGwfvyfa&;wkdufyGJtwGufpdwf"gwfrSmrl wufºuGjyif;xefvsuf&Sdonf? ppfawmif;jrpftaemufbufurf;odk@a&muf&SdonfhtcsdefY tajrmufoHrsm;/ AkH;}uJoHrsm;udk=um;&aoma=umifh wyfzGJ@rSm&yfwef@oGm;onf? xkdaemuf t*Fvdyfav,mOfysHrsm;.vma&muf wkdufckdifr_udkcH&onf? ppfawmif;jrpf'Da&twuftusESifhtwl tavmif;rsm;rSma&pkHa&qefESifhtwlajrmyg onfudkawG@&onf? wmqkHY bDtkdifatwyfom;rsm;onf t*Fvdyfwkd@.,EW&m;wyfzGJ@ESifhawG@qkHwkdufyGJjzpfyGm; &mrS taotaysmufrsm;&Sdonfudkvnf;=um;&onf? xkdae&mYyif av,mOfysHypfcwfenf;/ aoewfypfcwf enf;rsm;udk u|efawmfwkd@tjyif;txefavhusifh&onf? xkdrSwqifh bDtkdifatwyfzGJ@onf&efukefbufodk@csDwuf=ujyef&m u|efawmfwkd@yg0ifaomwyfzGJ@Y wyfpk(1)wyfpkr–;tjzpfu|efawmf/ wyfpkr–;(2)tjzpfAdkvftkef;a&$(jynfwGif;aomif;usef;r_ESdrfeif;&mwGif rkwWr bufYusqkH;onf)/ wyfpk(3)wyfpkr–;tjzpf ,dk;',m;rSygvmaom ,dk;',m;aygufjrefrmvlrdsK;Adkvfbatmif/ wyfpk(4)wyfpkr–;tjzpf ,dk;',m;jrefrmujym;(,dk;',m;emrnfjzpfonfhtwGufrrSwfrdawmh)wkd@u wm0ef,l =u&um wyfzGJ@ukd AdkvfawZ(AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)uOD;pD;onf? u|Ekfyfwkd@wyfzGJ@.*syefppft&m&SdrSm rpPwm xkduf&jzpfonf? wnwGif rEWav;vrf;udk jzwfausmf&eftðy &efukefbufrSwufvmaom &efolum;wyf}uD;rsm;udk awG@&Sd&onf? txuftrdef@t& xkdum;wyf}uD;rsm;udk wkdufckdifjcif;rðybJajr}uD;ay:Y0yf+yD; noef;acgiftxd rv_yfr,Suf ae=u&onf? &efolum;wyf}uD;rsm;vGefajrmuf+yD;rS rEWav;um;vrf;ukdjzwfum yJcl;&dk;rwGif;okd@ 0if=uonf? yJcl;&dk;rrSwqifh jynfvrf;buf&Sd wkduf}uD;jrdK@e,f vdarRmf+cHaus;&Gmodk@a&muf&Sd=uonf? AdkvfawZ (AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)onf wkduf}uD;jrdK@rSacgif;aqmifrsm;jzpf=uaom OD;wifarmif}uD;ESifhtzGJ@wkd@udkac:,lI t*Fvdyfwyfrsm;qkwfcGmoGm;onfhtajctaeudkar;jref;pkpH rf;wkdifyif=uonf? xkdnY AdkvfawZ/ rpPwmxdkuf & Adkvftkef;a&$ESifh u|efawmfwkd@(4)a,mufwkd@onf t*[email protected];jzpfaom wkduf}uD;teD;rD;&xm; wHwm;ukd rdkif;jzifhoGm;+yD;csdK;zsuf=uum eHeuf(4)em&DwGif vdarRmf+cHaus;&Gmokd@jyefvnfa&muf&Sd=uonf? - 203 -

aemufwae@wGif t*Fvdyfuif;vSnfhwyfzGJ@wzGJ@ vdarRmf+cHaus;&Gmbufodk@wufvm&m u|efawmfwkd@wyfzGJ@u jyefvnfwkdufxkwfojzifh t*Fvdyfw@kd onf tavmif;rsm;yifraumufEkdifyJjyefvnfqkwfcGmoGm;=uonf? Adkvf awZ(AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)OD;aqmifaom u|efawmfwkd@ppfa=umif;onf atmifyGJrsm;cH,laepOftwGif; *syef jyefAdkvfrdk;rSm zl;}uD;wkdufyGJYusqkH;oGm;a=umif;0rf;enf;bG,f&m=um;od&avonf? vdarRmf+cHrSwqifh rD;&xm; vrf;twdkif;csDwufvm&m ajrmif;wumwGif&or#um;rsm;udkpkpnf;+yD; xkdt&yfum;rsm;jzifh arSmfbDjrdK@odk@0if =uonf? arSmfbDjrdK@wjrdK@vkH;rSmwdwfqdwfae+yD; vlwa,mufudkr#rawG@&ay? *syefwyfrsm;ESifhtjydKif &efukefjrdK@odk@0ifa&mufEkdifa&;twGuf um;rsm;jzifhqufvufxGufcGmvmcJh&m narSmifpwGifaxmuf=uef@odk@a&muf=u.? *syefwyfzGJ@rsm;onf &efukefvrf;wbufwcsufrScsDwufaepOf AdkvfawZ(AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)OD;pD;aom u|efawmfwkd@ppfa=umif;u xdyfYa'gif;tvHv$ifhxlum axmuf=uef@ rS&efukefodk@tjyif;armif;vm=uonf? &efukefjrdK@wiG f;odk@a&muf&Sdaomtcg wjrdK@vkH;onfwdwfqdwfaeum rD;rsm;vnf;vkH;0r&Sd/ tpma&pmiwfaeaomacG;rsm;.tloHudkom=um;&+yD; vrf;ay:Yvlwa,mufr#rawG@& yg? &efukefjrdK@ay:wGif u|efawmfwkd@um;wef;onf [dk[kdonfonfav#mufarmif;aeaomfvnf; rnfol@udkr# rawG@&onfhtwGuf a&$wd*kHbk&m;ajc&if;&Sda*:&mukef;pcef;(,ckrSwfwrf;¶kH;&Sd&m)odk@a&muf&Sd+yD; pcef;csxm; vkdufonf? &efukefjrdK@udkodrf;ykduf+yD;aemuf *syefwyfESifhArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmfwkd@onf r=umc%tcsif; rsm;=uonf? t*Fvdyfwkd@pGef@cGmoGm;aomukefwkduf}uD;rsm;/ &duQm*dka'gifrsm;wkd@udk *syefwyfESifhbDtkdifatwyf wkd@onfOD;&mvlodrf;=uonf? &efukefjrdK@Y&SdaepOf wae@Y a*:&mukef;pcef;&SdwyfzGJ@rsm;tm;wef;pDap+yD; *syefAdkvfrpPwmuDwm*sDrm (,ck rpPwmwmum[m&Sd/ jrefrmoH¶kH;/ wkdusdK)u Akdvftkef;a&$ESifhu|efawmfwdk@tm;ac:xkwfvdkuf+yD; wdkuf }uD;jrdK@ t*Fvdyfrsm;qkwfcGmvrf;&Sd&xm;wHwm;udkzsufqD;&mY pGrfpGrf;wrHaqmif&Gufr_a=umifh bDtdkifatqkwH qdyfudkcsD;jr‡ifha=umif;ajym=um;um u|efawmfwkd@ESpOf D;.&ifbwfrsm;wGifwHqdyfrsm;wyfqifay;ygonf? xkdwH qdyfrsdK;onf *syefjyefAdkfvfrsm;vnf;wyfqifxm;onfudkawG@&Sd&onf? ajrmufydkif;odk@csDwuf&mwGif *syefwkd@uOD;raqmifawmhbJ *syefjyefrsm;uOD;aqmifonf? AdkvfaZ,s OD;aqmifaomppfa=umif;Y Adkvf&efatmifwyfr[m/ Adkvf&JxGÉfwyfr[m/ Adkvfjrifhatmifwyfr[m[lI wyf r[m(3)ckwkd@yg0ifonf? Adkvf&JxGÉfwyfr[mwGif trSwf(1)wyf&if;r–;tjzpfu|efawmfAdkvf[oFm/ trSwf(2) wyf&if;r–;tjzpfAdkvfoHwkdif(,ckAdkvfr–;a[mif;oHwkdif)/ trSwf(3)wyf&if;r–;tjzpf Akdvftkef;a&$(xm;0,fom;/ usqkH;) trSwf(4)wyf&if;r–;tjzpfAkdvfbóudif(bm;tH/ a&$*Gef;YusqkH;)wkd@u toD;oD;wm0ef,l=u&ygonf? ajrmufydkif;odk@csDwuf&mwGif *syefwyfESifhbDtkdifatwyfwkd@onftòydiftqkdifcsDwuf=uonf? c&D;&Snfvmonf ESifhtr# *[email protected]ÉdyuQrSmydkrkdjyif;xefvmonf? Oyrm Aef;armfESifha&$*lt=um;vrf;c&D;Y ppfa=umif;r–;AdkvfaZ,sESifhtzGJ@udk *syefwyfuzrf;qD;xm;a=umif;owif;udk&&SdonfhtcgwGif rcHr&yfEkdifjzpf=u um AdkvfaZ,svGwfajrmufa&;twGuf *syefwyfudkwkdufckduf&efusdK;yrf;vmonftxdjzpfcJh&onf? aemufqkH; wGif AdkvfaZ,stm; *syefwkd@utav#mhay;umjyefvnfv$wfay;vkduf&awmhonf? Aef;armfrSwqifh u|efawmf wkd@wyfrawmfonf rEWav;okd@jyefvnfpk¶kH;um (bD-tkdif-at)udkzsufodrf;+yD; (bD-'D-at)udk ArmhumuG,f a&;wyfrawmftjzpfajymif;vJzGJ@pnf;cJhygonf? Adkvf[oFm (Adkvfr–;}uD;a[mif;vGef;wif?) - tDZkrd,xwfpka&m *syefbmomjzifha&;om;I 'kAdkvfrª;}uD;oD[Avjraomif;(t+idrf;pm;)/ *syefbmomrS wdkuf¶dkufjrefrmjyefonfh “&JabmfoHk;usdyfESifhrDemrDv#dK@0SuftzGJ@”pmtkyf/ yxrt}udrf(1976) twGufa&;onfh trSmpmrS ² ² ² ¢ 14? armfv+rdKif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? - 204 -

OD;csrf;at;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;csrf;at;onf armfv+rdKif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(36508)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(73²2)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? ysOf;rem;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;v_dif/ trd a':pdefwkd@rS 1927 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (24)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? i,femrnf OD;wifa&$/ uavmifemrnf armifpl;prf;/ awmwGif;emrnf OD;xGef;az (ac:) OD;csrf;at;onf uefawmfuav;jrLausmif;/ A[kdtpkd;&txufwef;ausmif;(txu 1/ vom)wdk@wGif ppf rjzpfrDu ynmoif=um;cJhI 1941 ckESpfwGif 8 wef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1938-39 ckESpf/ ausmif;om;oydwfESihf tpmiwfcHwkdufyJGrsm;wGif wef;jrifhausmif;om;acgif;aqmif/ 1943 ckESpfwGif r*Fvm'Hkrlvwef;ppfwuUokdvf (a,meif;) tywfpOf(1)odk@wufa&mufcJhonf? 1945 ckESpf/ zufqpfawmfvSefa&;wGif om,m0wD/ OuUHESihf yJcl;c±dkifwkd@wGif ajymufusm;acgif;aqmif/ 1945-46 ckESpfwGif wuUodkvf0ifpmar;yJGatmifjrifcJhonf? 194647 ckESpf/ &efukefwuUodkvfausmif;om;/ Auorsm;tzJG@csKyf wJGzuftwGif;a&;rSL;/ taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;/ OuUX/ 1949 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…m(c)abm*aA'*k%fxl;wef;wufaepOf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD(Auy) awmckd&modk@ vkdufygoGm;cJhonf? xkdpOf OD;csrf;at;onf &efukefc±kdif(Auy),l*sDtjzpfESifh &efukefokd@r=umc%a&mufI &efukefwuUokdvfausmif;om;nD!Gwfa&;wyfOD;rS ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifhaqG;aEG;jcif;/ Auy. oabmxm;udk!$ef=um;;pOf OD;csrf;at;tm; 1956 ckESpf/ rwfv (31)&ufae@wGif z-q-y-v tpkd;& ESifhaphpyf aqG;aEG;&ef Auy udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf wm0efay;apv$wfonf? aphpyfaqGaEG;&mwGif Auy A[kdu EkdifiHa&; tajccHjzihfðyvkyf&ef!$ef=um;aomfvnf; OD;csrf;at;urvkdufemojzifh wkdif;aumfrwDtqifhwm0efrS ±kyfodrf; +yD; ygwD0iftjzpfrSvnf; (9)v&yfpJxm;cJhonf? xkdtcg OD;csrf;at;u ygwDrSE_wfxGufcGifhðy&ef Auyodk@ pma&;wifjy&m A[dkuvufrcHcJhay? xkdtcsdefcGifhjzihfaexdkifpOf OD;csrf;at;onf ppfwrf;wpfapmif (aemifwGif csrf;at;ppfwrf;[ktrnfwGifcJhonf?)udkðypk+yD; Auy A[dkokd@wifjycJhonf? xkdppfwrf;.tESpf om&rSm Auy A[dk. 48 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv vrf;pOfjzpfaom vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;vrf;pOfudk jyefvnf oHk;oyfI vufeufudkifvrf;pOfudkpGef@+yD; ygvDref'Drkdua&pDenf;t& wkdufyJG0if&efjzpfonf? xkdvrf;pOfufdk Auy A[dku vufrcH y,fcs cJhonf? 1957 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (8)&ufae@wGif &efukef+rdK@wGif v#dK@0Sufv_yf&Sm; vsuf&Sdaom OD;csrf;at;udk wyfrawmfaxmufvSrf;a&;rSzrf;qD;&rdcJhonf? xkdpOf OD;csrf;at;onf zqyv tpkd;& jyef=um;a&;0ef}uD; OD;xGef;0if;xHodk@ csrf;at;ppfwrf;udkwifjycJhonf? ,if;ppfwrf;a=umifh &Jabmf csrf;at;tjrifrSef&oGm;+yD[k z-q-y-v tpdk;&u,Hk=unfum 1957 ckESpf/ {+yDv (5)&ufae@wGif cH0efuwd jzihfjyefv$wfay;+yD; xkdae@rSmyif tpdk;&cGifhðycsufa=umifh owif;pmq&mrsm;ESifhawG@qHkum owif;pm&Sif;vif;yJG jyKvkyfcGifhay;cJhonf? ‚if;wifjyaom csrf;at;ppfwrf;ukdvnf; yHkESdyfxkwfa0cGifhjyKcJhonf? 1957 ckESpfwGif &effukefwuUodkvfrS Oya'bJG@&,l+yD; Oya'ynm&Sif/ pma&;q&mESifhowif;pmq&m/ 1957-58 ckESpfwGif z-q-y-v 0ef}uD; jrefrmhtvif;OD;wif.pDpOfay;csuft& jrefrmhtvif;owif;pmwGif pD;yGm;a&;t,f'Dwm jzpfcJhonf? 0ef}uD;a[mif;OD;xGef;0if; (wnf+rJ z-q-y-v) OuUX tjzpfaqmif&Gufaom A[dkvufum; or 0g,rtoif;wGif OD;xGef;0if;.zdwfac:csuft& or0g,roifwef; uxdu/ pHawmfcsdefowif;pm (rxkwf jzpfcJh) t,f'DwmcsKyfwm0efwkd@udkaqmif&GufcJhonf? ,if;okd@aqmif&GufpOf OD;xGef;0if;ESifh EkdifiHa&;udpPrsm; jiif;cHkaqG;aEG;&mrS OD;csrf;at;onf Auy &yfwnfcsuftwkdif; &yfwnfcsufrajymif;vJ/ wnf+rJ z-q-y-v udkvnf; apmfum;ykwfcwfonf[kqkdum 1960 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (2)&ufae@wGif tvkkyfrS&yfpJcJh onf? 1961-62 ckESpfwGif rSefeef;pD;yGm;a&; owif;pOf(ae@pOfxkwf)ESifh rSefeef;*sme,f(tywfpOf)wkd@wGif t,f'DwmcsKyfwm0eff,lcJhonf? ,if;rSefeef;*sme,fonf 1962 ckESpf/ rwfv (2)&ufae@wGif tm%modrf;cJh aom AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;OD;aqmifonfh awmfvSefa&;aumifpD. qkd&S,fvpfpD;yGm;a&;pepfudkóudqkda=umif; axmufcHa&;om;cJhonf? 1964 ckESpfwGif awmfvSefa&;tpdk;& jyef=um;a&;/ or0g,rESihftrsdK;om;pDrHudef; - 205 -

0ef}uD;Xmewdk@wGif txl;t&m&Sd/ xkdrS pD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvf ausmif;oHk; qkd&S,fvpfabm*aA'pmtkyfukd OD;wifa&$(bDat/ abm*aA'*k%fxl;/ bDt,fvf)trnfjzihf ðypkcJhonf? xkd@jyif EdkifiHawmful;oef;a&mif;0,f a&;b%f 'g±kdufwmvl}uD;/ pD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvf ynma&;tzJG@0if/ jyifyuxdu pmppfrSL;wm0efwdk@udk aqmif&GufcJhonf? awmfvSefa&;tpdk;&.tpDtpOfjzihf *sDeDAm ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;tzJG@0ifrsm; tpnf; ta0;ESihf 1964 ckESpf/ tjynfjynfqkdif&mor0g,rESD;aESmzvS,fyJGwdk@okd@ wufa&mufcJhonf? 1966 ckESpfwGif pD;yGm;a&;pDrHudef;rsm;a&;qGJjcif;ESifhywfoufI awmfvSefa&;aumifpDESifh t,ltqrukdufnDojzifh tvkyfrS E_wfxGufI armfv+rdKifodk@ajymif;a&$@+yD;aemuf A[dkw&m;±Hk;a&S@aetjzpf toufarG;&if; armif;pl;prf; trnf jzihfpmrsm;a&;om;cJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfwGif yxrZeD;a':oef;oef;uG,fvGefoGm;I ,ckvuf&SdZeD; a':cifcspf (tv,fwef;jy)ESifh 1973 ckESpfwGif vufxyfcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pD ta&;awmfyHk}uD;t+yD;wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfokd@0ifa&mufI A[dktvkyftr_aqmif aumfrwD0if/ A[dkOD;pD;tzJG@0if/ rGefjynfe,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;rSL;wm0efwkd@,lcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. *ENDqHk;jzwfcsuf twkdif; e0w tpdk;&xHrS v$wfawmfac:,lcGifhr&vsif vkyfaqmifoifhonfh enf;vrf;oHk;oG,fpmwrf;udk wkdifyifaqG;aEG;a&;om;ðypk&mwGifyg0ifcJho!fhtwGuf oufqkdif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1950 jy!fhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr (5)(u)(c)(n)t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyJGOya' yk'fr 11 (n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG a¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (20)&ufae@wGif a=unmcJhonf? aemif(10)ESpf twGif;jyKvkyfr!fh a±G;aumufyGJrsm;Yyg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf;ydwfyifcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (9)&uf ae@wGif OD;csrf;at;udkifaqmifonfh w&m;¶Hk;csKyfa¶S@aevdkifpiftrSwf(1131)tm; ¶kyfodrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; a¶S@ae tjzpfrSygxkwfy,fjcif;cHcJh&onf? trsKd ;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrSvnf; rlt& 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (24)&uf ae‹wGif ygwD0iftjzpfrSxkwfy,fay;cJh&onf? 1992 ckESpf/ arv (15)&ufae‹wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrSjyef vGwfonf? 15? a&;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? a'gufwmrif;pdk;vif;/ rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@? a'gufwmrif;pdk;vif;onf a&;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@tm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(14992)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(61²37)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? OD;omcif.om;jzpfonf? 1957 ckEpS f/ =o*kwfv (31)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? a&;+rdK@e,f/ aumh'Gef;aus;¶Gm Zmwdjzpfonf? a'gufwmrif;pdk;vif;onf rlvwef;ynmudk aumh'Gef;aus;¶GmwGifvnf;aumif;/ tv,fwef; ESifhtxufwef;ynmudk rk'Hk+rdK@wGifvnf;aumif;/ wuUodkvfynmudk armfv+rdKifa'oaumvdyfESifhaq;wuU odkvf(2)/ r*Fvm'HkwGifvnf;aumif; oif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1985 ckESpfwGif q&m0efbGJ@(M.B.B.S.)&¶SdcJhonf? txuf wef;ausmif;om;b0wGif ausmif;aumifpDtwGif;a&;rª;/ wuUodkvfausmif;om;b0wGif rGefpmayESifh,Ofaus; r_aumfrwD(wuUodkvfrsm;/ &efukef) tvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0if/ aq;wuUodkvf(2)Ak'
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a'gufwm=uifodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwm=uifodef;onf a&;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(13879)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(64²88)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? tz OD;baiG/ trd a':vSwifwkd@rS 1941 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (12)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? wGHaw;+rdK@ e,f/ ysOf;uwkd;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? a'gufwm=uifodef;onf 1959-60 ckESpfwGif &efukef+rdK@pdefaygausmif;rS ocsFm/ "mwkaA'*k%fxl;wkd@jzifh wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1968 ckESpfwGif r*Fvm'Hkaq;wuUokdvf (2)rS q&m0efbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1967 ckESpfwGif oxHk+rdK@ol a':0if;=unf(bDat)ESifhtdrfaxmifuscJhonf? 1969 ckESpfwGif em*awmifwef;a'o av&SD;+rdK@Y q&m0ef/ 1972 ckESpfwGif oxHkjynfol@aq;±Hk vufaxmufq&m0ef/ 1974 ckESpfwGif rk'Hk+rdK@e,f/ urm0uf&Gm wdkufe,fq&m0ef/ 1976 ckESpfwGif a&;+rdK@wGif +rdK@e,fusef;rma&; t&m&Sd/ 1981 ckESpfwGif a&;+rdK@jynfol@aq;±HkY +rdK@e,fq&m0ef/ 1986 ckESpfwGif wm0efrSE_wfxGufcJh+yD; a&;+rdK@ wGiftajccsaexdkifI udk,fydkifaq;ukor_vkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1996 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (1)&ufae@wGif ygwDpHk 'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGuf a=umif; a=unmcJhonf? 17? oxHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? cGefjrifhxGef;(armifjrifhxGef;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cGefjrifhxGef;onf oxHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(25075)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(76²41)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? tz OD;zkef;cif/ trd a': cifat;wdk@rS 1963 ckESp/f Zefe0g&Dv (12)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? odrfqdyf aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? cGefjrifhxGef;onf 1979 ckESpfwGif tajccHynmtxufwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1983 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfrS ody`H(blrdaA')bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? wuUokdvfrSxGuf+yD;aemuf rdbrsm;ESifhtwl'l;&if;oD; vkyfief;/ rkef@rsKd;pHkvkyfief;wkd@udkvkyfudkifcJhonf? trjzpfol.usL&Sifausmif;wGifvnf; vufaxmufusL&Sifq&m tjzpfoif=um;ay;cJhzl;onf? 1996 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (20)&ufae@wGif jypfr_qdkif&mOya'yk'fr 122(2) EdkifiHawmf opPmazmufzsufykefuefr_jzifh axmif'%f(7)ESpfjypf'%fcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&onf? ¡ 22-8-96 &ufae@xkwfowif; pmrsm;wGif tdENd,EdkifiHtajcpdkuf v_yf¶Sm;v#uf¶SdaomtrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS a'gufwmwifhaqGOD;pD; aomtzGJ@u jynfwGif;¶SdtrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS OD;'dkaxmif;(uav;+rdK@)/ cGefjrifhxGef;(oxHk+rdK@)tygt0if (19)OD;tm;qufoG,fI jynfyoifwef;odk@oifwef;om;rsm;apv$wfay;&ef/ vH_@aqmf0g'jzef@pmapmifrsm;jzef@ a0&eftjyif rHk¶[email protected]#dK@0Suf¶Hk;cGJzGifhvSpf&efaqmif¶GufcJhjcif;rsm;twGuf zrf;qD;ta&;,l&a=umif; azmfjyxm;onf? ¢ 18? oxHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;oef;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef;armifonf oxHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(2479&)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mckdifE_ef;(67²56)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;jyef@/ trd a':wifhwkd@rS 1927 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (20)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? atmifyef;+rdK@Zmwdjzpf onf? OD;oef;armifonf ar+rdK@wGif(8)wef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1946 ckESpf/ arv (24)&ufae@wGif - 207 -

ar+rdK@/ A[dktif*sifeD,mwyfodk@wyfom;tjzpfpwif0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1949-50 ckESpfwGif ol&Jaumif;rSwfwrf; 0ifbJG@wHqdyf&cJhonf? 1953 ckESpfwGif ar+rdK@Akdvfoifwef;ausmif; tywfpOf(10)odk@wufa&mufcJhonf? ,if; aemuf ajcv#ifwyf&if;trSwf(13)wGifwm0efus+yD; armfvòrdif/ bm;tH/ aumhu&dwf/ xm;0,f/ zmyGef+rdK@rsm; wGif wyfcJGrSL;tqifh/ 1963 ckESpfwGif oeu(1)oxHk/ wyfcJGrSL;ESifhppfa=umif;rSL;/ 1965 ckESpfrS 1968 ckESpftxd oxHk+rdK@ evu OuUX/ 1968 ckESpfrS 1970 jynfhESpftxd weoFm&Dòrd@ evu OuUX/ 1970-71 ckESpfwGif ucsifaoewfukdifwyf&if;(2)/ bm;tH+rdK@/ xkdrS arSmfbDAdkvfoifwef;ausmif;okd@ajymif;a&$@cJhonf? 1977 ckESpf wGif trSwf(6)wkdif;A[dkavhusifha&;pcef; tkwfwGif;wyfrSL;/ 1985 ckESpfwGif oufjynfhyifpifjzihfwyfrawmfrS t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? oxHk+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif tvkyftr_aqmif/ oxHk+rdK@e,frsKd;cspf&Jabmf a[mif;rsm;tzJG@wGif OuUX wm0efwkd@,lcJhonf? 1996 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (5)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,f pm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS a=unmcJh onf? 19? oHjzLZ&yf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;armifarmif=uD;(t+idrf;pm;'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifarmif}uD;onf oHjzLZ&yf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(12250)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(50²71)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? OD;bdk;pdef.om;jzpfonf? 1920 jynfhESpf/ {+yDv (1)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? armfv+rdKif+rdK@Zmwdjzpf onf? armfv+rdK@tpkd;&txufwef;ausmif;rS (10)atmifjrif+yD; &efukefwuUodkvfwGif(bDtufpfpD)txd ynm oif=um;cJhonf? ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmfwGif Adkvfav;/ ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf r*Fvm'HkppfwuU okdvf wwd,ywfAdkvfavmif;oifwef;qif;/ ppfOD;pD;/ ppfO;D pD;csKyfAkdvfrSL;}uD;aZ,s.tyg;awmf+rJ/ awmfvSefa&; wGif rif;wkef;e,fY AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;.vHk+cHKa&;wyfzJG@0if Akdvfav;/ 1945 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (28)&ufae@wGif a&wyfjyefwrf;0if/ 1967 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (10)&ufae@wGif 'kwd,AkdvfrSL;}uD;tqifhjzifht+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? txl;wm0efrsm;tjzpf 1958 ckESpfrS 1960 jynfhESpftxd tvkyform;Xme/ 'kwd,!$ef=um;a&;rª;csKyfESihf &efukefqdyfurf;txl;rif;}uD;/ awmfvSefa&;tpdk;&vufxuf ta&S@awmifwkdif; vtu 'kwd,OuUX/ 1964 ckESpf/ {+yDv (17)&ufae@rS 1966 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (20)&ufae@txd v,f§opf wJGzuftwGif;0efESihf opfvkyfief;tzJG@ 'kwd,OuUX/ A[kdqdk&S,fvpfpD;yGm;wnfaqmufa&;aumfrwD tzJG@0if/ EkdifiHa&;aqmif&Guf csufrsm;tjzpf 1939 ckESpfwGif 'kd@Armtpnf;t±Hk;odk@pwif0ifa&mufonf? &efukef+rdK@/ prf;acsmif;&yfuGufvkH; qkdif&m 'dk@Armtpnf;t±Hk;udkpwifwnfaxmifolwOD;jzpf+yD;/ tpnf;t±Hk;.wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL;/ wyfrSL;}uD; a[mif;rsm;ESihf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@wJGzuftwGif;a&;rSL;/ rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@ em,utzJG@0if/ Armh vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if(yxrqihf)/ aZ,sausmfxifbJG@ESifhol&Jaumif;rSwfwrf;0ifwdk@&cJhonf? ZeD;a':pdef&D ESihf om;(1)a,muf/ orD;(4)a,mufxGef;um;onf? 20? oHjzLZ&yf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? EdkifxGef;odef;/ rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@? EdkifxGef;odef;onf oHjzLZ&yf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@tm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(13471)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(71²86)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? OD;atmif'Gef;.om;jzpfonf? 1917 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (31)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? EdkifxGef;odef; - 208 -

onf 1938 ckESpf/ arvwGif t*Fvdyf-jrefrm(10)wef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1945 ckESpf/ rwfvwGif ody`HbGJ@ (B.Sc.)&¶SdcJhonf? 1946 ckESpfwGif &mrnwdkif;vHk;qdkif&m rGeftzGJ@csKyf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;/ 1947-48 ckESpfwGif usdKufcrD(*)e,f ynmtkyf/ 1949 ckESpfrS 1958 ckESpftxd vufeufudkifrGefajratmuf awmfvSef a&;tzGJ@acgif;aqmif/ 1958 ckESpfrS 1963 ckESpftxd Oya'abmiftwGi;f rGefjynfol@wyfOD;tzGJ@ taxGaxG twGif;a&;rª;tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1963 ckESpfrS 1969 ckESpftxd armfv+rdKifaxmifwGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf; xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1969 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd armfv+rdKif+rdK@/ rGeftrsdK;om;ae@usif;ya&;aumfrwD em,u/ rGefpmay+ydKifyGJqyfaumfrwD OuUX tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@(A[dk)wGif OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS ppftm%m¶Sifrsm;u 1990 jynfhESpf/ a¶G;aumufyGJ&v'ftm; taumiftxnfazmfray;ojzifh wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f rsm;yg0ifonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfw&yfudk r=umrDac:,lrnfjzpfa=umif;/ 1998 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (21)&ufae@ wGifa=unmcJht+yD; ppftm%m¶Sifrsm;u wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkEdkifiHa&;ygwDacgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfol EdkifxGef;odef; tm; zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;cJhonf? 2002 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (23)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm; jyKaumfrwD (pDtm&fyDyD)wdk;csJ@zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg rGeftrsdK;om;'[email protected],fpm;vS,ftjzpf yg0ifvmcJh onf? (11) &cdkifjynfe,f? taemufajrmufbufwGif b*Fvm;a'h¶SforRwEdkifiH/ ajrmufbufwGif csif;jynfe,f/ ta¶S@bufwGif rauG;wdkif;/ yJcl;wdkif;ESifh {&m0wDwdkif;ESifh/ taemufbufESifh awmifbufwGif b*Fvm;yifv,fatmfwdk@wnf ¶Sdonf? &cdkifjynfe,fwGif rJqENe,f(26)e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(20)cktm;udk,fpm;jyK,SOf+ydKifol v$wf awmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(148)OD;/ woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(4)OD;/ pkpkaygif;(152)OD;0if a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh=u&m &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(11)ae&m/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(9)ae&m/ trsdK;om; vl@tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwDrS(4)ae&m/ +rdK(ac:)crDtrsdK;om;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@ESifh ureftrsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwdk@rS(1)ae&mpD toD;oD;a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf? 1? ausmufawmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? a'gufwmxGef;at;/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmxGef;at;onf ausmufawmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(12937)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(46²84)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? tz OD;aom=um/ trd a':rcdkifausmhwdk@rS 1954 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (10)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? rif;jym;+rdK@/ atmuf¶Gmydkif;&yfuGufZmwdjzpfonf? a'gufwmxGef;at;onf rlvwef;/ tv,fwef;ESifh txuf wef;ynm&yfrsm;udk rif;jym;awmifydkif;tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;ESifh rif;jym;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif oif=um;cJh&m (8)wef;wGif *k%fxl;(2)bmom/ tajccHynmtxufwef;wGif *k%fxl;(3)bmomjzifh xl;c|efpGm atmifjrifcJhojzifh a¶$wHqdyfqkrsm;csD;jr‡ifhjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1971 ckESpfwGif aq;wuUodkvf(2)/ &efukefodk@0ifcGifh&¶Sd cJhonf? 1975 ckESpf/ ausmif;om;ta&;tcif;wGif yg0ifacgif;aqmifcJhI &ufaygif;(140)cef@zrf;qD;xdef;odrf; xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? xdk@aemuf ausmif;jyefwufcGif;&cJhonf? 1978 ckESpfwGif a':vSat;EkESifhvufxyfcJhonf? - 209 -

1980 jynfhESpfwGif q&m0efbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? ajrmufOuUvmyaq;¶HkwGif tvkyfoifq&m0eftjzpf (1)ESpfwm0ef xrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1981 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd ausmufawmf+rdK@e,for0g,raq;cef;q&m0ef/ xdk@aemuf tvkyfrSxGufI &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif twGif;a&;rª;(1)tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? ausmufawmf+rdK@wGif udk,fydkifaq;ukcef;zGifhvSpfaexdkifonf? 2? ausmufawmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;pHomatmif/ +rdK(ac:)crD trsdK;om;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@? OD;pHomatmifonf ausmufawmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif +rdK(ac:)crDtrsdK;om;nD!Gwfa&; tzGJ@tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(15801)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(55²44)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwif ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1942 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (28)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;[email protected];jzpfonf? OD;pHom atmifonf 1963 ckESpfwGif wef;jrifhausmif;xGufpmar;yGJatmifjrifcJhonf? 1966 ckESpfwGif rlvwef;q&m tjzpftr_xrf;cJhonf? 1974 ckESpfwGif tvkyform;a&;&moifwef;wufa&mufcJhonf? 1973 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd ygwDuvyfpnf;acgif;aqmif/ ygwDpdwfaumfrwD/ ygwDpdwftwGif;a&;rª;/ xdk@aemuf +rdK@e,fjynfol@ aumifpDtzGJ@0if/ tvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwD0ifESifh twGif;a&;rª;wm0efwdk@udkaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (22)&ufae@wGif +rdK(ac:)trDtrsdK;om;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@udkwnfaxmifI A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@ OuUX wm0ef,lcJhonf? 3? ausmufjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;qef;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;qeff;armifonf ausmufjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(14848)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²00)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? OD;omxGef;pH.om;jzpfonf? 1926 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (11)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? ausmufjzL+rdK@Zmwdjzpf onf? 1946 ckESpfwGif ausmufjzL+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1948 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmf(av)odk@0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1952 ckESpfwGif ar+rdK@ wyfrawmf(=unf;)Adkvfoifwef;odk@wufa&mufcJh onf? taumif;qHk;u'uf(Cadet)&cJhonf? wyfpkrª;oifwef;/ wyfcJGrª;oifwef;/ tkyfcsKyfr_oifwef;/ t&m&Sd i,fOya'oifwef;wkd@udkwufa&mufcJhonf? 1969 ckESpfwGif trSwf(117)ajcjrefwyf&if;wGif wyf&if;rSL; ('kAkdvfrª;}uD;tqifh)/ 1970 jynfhESpfwGif e,fbuf tkd;tdrfOD;pD;Xmeokd@ajymif;a¶$@tr_xrf;cJhonf? 1971 ckESpf wGif wyfrawmfrS Adkvfrª;tqihfjzifht+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? tkd;tdrfOD;pD;XmewGif txl;t&m&Sd xdkrS twGif;a&;rSL; (tkd;tdrfaumfrwD)/ 1986 ckESpfwGif oufjynfhyifpif,lcJhonf? 1948 ckESpfrS 1980 jynfhESpftwGif; t*Fvef/ tar&duef/ tpPa&;/ taemuf*smr%D/ awmifudk&D;,m;wkd@okd@ EkdifiHwm0efjzihfoGm;a&mufcJhonf? 4? ausmufjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;wif}uD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wif}uD;onf ausmufjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(16289)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(77²34)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& - 210 -

onf? 1926 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? OD;apmxGef;OD;.om;jzpfonf? OD;wif}uD;onf 1942 ckESpfwGif ausmufjzL+rdK@/ jrLeDpDy,fausmif;wGif (7)weff;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? *syefacwfwGif *syefpum;jyefvkyfcJhonf? 194546 ckESpfwGif ppf&Jwyf&if;trSwf(20)odk@0ifa&mufcJhonf? wyf=uyf/ xkdrS 1949 ckESpfwGif wyf&if;w&if;vHk; awmckd&mwGifyg0ifcJhonf? 1950 jynfhESpfwGif tvif;0ifcJhonf? xdkaemuf ppf&Jwyf&if;trSwf(1)wGif jyefvnf tr_xrf;cJhonf? (9)vcef@tr_xrf;+yD;aemufxGufcJhonf? ,if;aemuf ukefonfvkyfief; vkyfudkifcJh onf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? ausmufjzL+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyfwGifb¾ma&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1997 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (5)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufa=umif;a=unmcJhonf[k 1997 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (6)&ufae@ etz. jrefrmhowif;v$m at-0084(tdkif)wGifazmfjyxm;onf? 5? *G+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;nDyk/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;nDykonf *G+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf +ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(15931)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(70²93)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? &ckdifvlrsdK;/ Ak'
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OD;pHxGef;(c)OD;vljzLonf ppfawG+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(8819)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(29²75)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;jrOD;/ trd a':pHvSjzLwdk@rS 1925 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (15)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;pHxGef;(c)OD;vl jzLonf ppfawG+rdK@t*FvdyfoDv¶Sifausmif;/ &efukef+rdK@tpdk;&[dkufpul;ausmif;wdk@wGifynmoif=um;cJh&m 1942 ckESpfwGif ppfjzpfvmojzifh (9)wef;ausmif;om;b0wGifausmif;xGufcJh&onf? 1943 ckESpfwGif ArmhumuG,f a&;wyfrawmf/ tvHkcsif;acsmif;pcef;/ wyf&if;(2)/ wyfcGJ(1)wGif wyfom;/ xdk@aemuf 1943 ckESpfwGif r*Fvm'Hk yxrywft=uyfoifwef;odk@wufcGifh&I wyf=uyfuav;&mxl;jzifh ausmif;qif;cJhonf? ysOf;rem;wyf&if;(6) pufaoewf}uD;wyfcGJwGif wm0efusonf? xdkrS taemufydkif;wdkif;/ wdkif;rª; Adkvf&efatmif. wdkif;(7) o&ufodk@ ajymif;a¶$@cJhonf? awmfvSefa&;t+yD;wGif yJcl;wdkif;rª; AdkvfausmfaZm. wdkif;(4)wGif wyfpkrª;/ rsdK;cspfwyfrawmfudk uENDpmcsKyft&zsufodrf;csdefwGif t&mcHAdkvf/ ,if;aemuf rnfonfhEdkifiHa&;tzGJ@tpnf; wGifrSryg0ifbJ tdkifbDyD a&eHjzef@jzL;a&;udk,fpm;vS,f vkyfaecJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0ifqkwHqdyf/ vGwfvyfa&;pnf;¶Hk; r_wHqdyf/ vGwfajrmufa&;wHqdyfwdk@&cJhonf? 8? Awmifukwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;ausmfcdkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmfcdkifonf awmifukwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(27431)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(76²75)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? awmifukwf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;atmifb/ trd a':v_difwkd@rS 1923 ckESpf/ arv (23)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm; cJhonf? OD;ausmfckdifonf uif;armf&Gmtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS e0rwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1941 ckESpfwGif a':jr=uLESifhvufxyfcJhonf? 1981 ckESpfrSpI awmifukwf+rdK@/ azmifawmfOD;apwDa*gyutzJG@0if/ 1350 jynfh (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif +rdK@e,fvHkòcHa&;udkwm0ef,lcJhonf? aq;±HkaumfrwD/ q&mrdbtoif;/ oHCmhaq;±Hkpaomvlr_a&;vkyfief;rsm;wGifyg0ifaqmif&GufcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxG axGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1999 ckESpf/ rwfv (30)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1452)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? 9? aygufawm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;boef;/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;boef;onf aygufawm+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(9216)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(60²12)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1948 ckESpf/ rwfv (10)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;ausmfZHOD;.om;jzpfonf? &cdkiftrsdK;om;/ Ak'
10? aygufawm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;apmxGef;pdef/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;apmxGef;pdefonf aygufawm+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(3528)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(32²49)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? aygufawm+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGef;vSjzL/ trd a':yef;cdkifwdk@rS 1957 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (1)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? &cdkifvlrsdK;/ Ak'
rmarmufa¶Smif¶_tmaemf*lvma[mufonf rdausmif;aps;¶Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ awmifbZmtpdk;& tv,fwef;ausmif;/ bl;oD;awmif+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ ppfawG+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif; trSwf(1)wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1968 ckESpfwGif &efukefpD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvfrS bDuGrf;bGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1969 ckESpfwGif ppfawG+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(3)wGif txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ 1983 ckESpf wGif ynma&;'DyvdkrmbGJ@&¶SdcJh+yD;/ bl;oD;awmif+rdK@e,f vufaxmufynma&;rª;/ 1985 ckESpfwGif tv,fwef; ausmif;tkyftjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh&mrS 1989 ckESpf/ rwfvwGif tvkyfrSEkwfy,fcHcJh&onf? trsdK;om;vl@ tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD(r-v-'-y)wGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmifwm0ef,lcJhonf? 13? bl;oD;awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;wifarmif(c)Ek&ftmruf/ trsdK;om;vl@tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD? OD;wifarmif(c)Ek&ftmrufonf bl;oD;awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;vl@tcGifh ta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwDtm; udk,fpm;jyKI0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(20045)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (49²93)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? bl;oD;awmif+rdK@e,f/ zHkndKvdyfaus;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1934 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? OD;a¶Smfrvkuf.om;jzpfonf? OD;wifarmif(c)Ek&ftmrufonf =uufurf;jyifwGJzuftpdk;& tv,fwef;ausmif;/ armif;awm+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;ESifh ppfawG+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif; trSwf(1)wdk@wGifynmoif=um;cJh+yD; (10)wef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1954-56 ckESpfwGif usef;rma&;oifwef; ausmif;rS usef;rma&;rª;oifwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1957 ckESpfrS 1969 ckESpftxd usef;rma&;Xme iSufzsm; a&m*grª;tjzpf ppfawG/ bl;oD;awmifwdk@wGifwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1963 ckESpfwGif usef;rma&;a=umifh tvkyfrSEkwfxGufcJh+yD; udk,fydkifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1975 ckESpfwGif udk,fydkifpD;yGm;a&;twGuf e,fpyfjzwf ausmfcJhjcif;a=umifh oufqdkif&mvl0efr_}uD;=uyfa&;XmerS ¶Hk;wifw&m;pGJqdkI '%faiG(70d§-)csrSwfjcif;cHcJh& onf? bl;oD;awmif+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;vl@tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD OuUX/ XmecsKyfA[dkaumfrwD0iftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 14? rif;jym;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;armifjrifh/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifjrifhonf rif;jym;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(12301)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(55²2)jzifh a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? &rf;+AJ+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ndKcsrf;atmif/ trd a':ESif;ykwdk@rS 1938 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (16)&ufae@wGifarG; zGm;cJhonf? OD;armifjrifhonf &rf;+AJ+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS(10)wef;atmifjrifcJhI ausmufjzLaumvdyf/ &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfwdk@rS 0dZ…mbGJ@(ordkif;)&¶SdcJhonf? usef;rma&;rª;oifwef;ESifh txufwef;a¶S@aepm ar;yGJwdk@udkatmifjrifcJh+yD; usef;rma&;rª;/ xdk@aemuf txufwef;a¶S@aetjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpf wGif a':jrifharESifhvufxyfcJhonf? rif;jym;+rdK@e,f &cddkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 15? rif;jym;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;xGef;0if;/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

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OD;xGef;0if;onf rif;jym;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(11899)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(58²24)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rif; jym;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bpH/ trd a':odef;arwdk@rS 1941 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (1)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJh onf? OD;xGef;0if;onf i,fpOfuyif &efukef+rdK@odk@oGm;a&mufI avmuD/ avmukwW&mpmayrsm;oif,lcJh&m bDatbGJ@ESifh "rRmp&d,bGJ@wdk@&¶SdcJhonf? vkyfom;rsm;aumfvdyfwGif tcsdefydkif;enf;jyq&m/ ppfawG+rdK@e,for 0g,r/ &cdkifjynfe,f/ +rdK@e,for0g,rtoif;pkwdk@wGif refae*smtjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? ppfawG+rdK@/ jyify0dZ…m ESifh wuUodkvfpmay;pm,loifwef;/ apwemnausmif;wdk@wGif (10)ESpfausmf apwemq&mESifh OuUX tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? ppfawG+rdK@e,f/ ynmoifaxmufyHha&;aumfrwD(wuUodkvfaumvdyfbGJ@&) OuUX/ &cdkif o[m,toif; twGif;a&;rª;/ &cdkifvli,ftoif; OuUX/ &efukefwuUodkvfygÏdpmaytoif; twGif;a&;rª; tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? jyifxGef;0if;(bDat/ "rRmp&d,)/ xGef;0if;(&efukefwuUodkvf)/ wuUodkvfcdkifZm0if; uavmiftrnfwdk@jzifh pmayrsm;a&;om;cJhonf? &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf(A[dk) b¾ma&;rª;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJh onf? 16? armif;awm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;tDjAm[def;(c)OD;cspfvGif/ trsdK;om;vl@tcGifha&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD? OD;tDjAm[def;(c)OD;cspfvGifonf armif;awm+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;vl@tcGifha&;'Drdk u&ufwpfygwD(r-v-'-y)tm; udk,fpm;jyKI0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(12620)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (50²97)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? armif;awm+rdK@e,f/ +rdK@ol}uD;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz [m*sD OD;qD'Dtmruf/ trd a':tifwD[mcgwlwdk@rS 1946 ckESpf/ ZGefv (1)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;tDjAm[def;(c) OD;cspfvGifonf rlvwef;/ tv,fwef;/ txufwef;ynm&yfrsm;udk +rdK@ol}uD;¶Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ armif;awm+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;ESifh ppfawG+rdK@OD;atmifvSZHausmif;wdk@wGif oif=um;cJhonf? 196364 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfodk@wufa&mufonf? 0g%dZ…bGJ@(pm&if;udkif/ pm&if;ppf)udk 1966-67 ckESpfwGif &¶SdcJhonf? 1977 ckESpfwGif bGJ@vGefp;D yGm;a&;pDrHudef;ynm'Dyvdkrmudk &efukefpD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvfrS *k%fxl;jzifh atmifjrifcJhI 1982 ckESpfwGif rSwfyHkwifa¶S@aepmar;yGJ(tm&ft,fvf)atmifjrifcJhonf? w&m;¶Hk;csKyfa¶S@ae tjzpfvdkufygaqmif¶GuftoufarG;onf? 0efxrf;tjzpf 1967 ckESpfrS 1983 ckESpftxd pDrHb¾m0ef}uD;Xme pm&if;udkifoifwef;enf;jy acwWausmif;tkyf}uD;/ a'oaumvdyf ¶Hk;vkyfief;twwfynmpmppfrª;wm0efwdk@udk aqmif¶GufcJhonf? trsdK;om;vl@tcGifha&;'Drdk u&ufwpfygwD(r-v-'-y)wGif A[dkOuUX tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJh onf? 17? armifawm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;azmfaZmftmarmuf/ trsdK;om;vl@tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD? OD;azmfaZmftmarmufonf armifawm+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;vl@tcGifhta&;'Drdk u&ufwpfygwDtm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(24881)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(42²73)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? armif;awm+rdK@e,f/ tdwmvsmaus;¶Gmtkyfpk/ bmqlb¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;r[mrufumvl/ trd a':0kvfar&fwdk@rS 1941 ckEpS fwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? arG;csif;(7)a,mufteuf 'kwd, ajrmufom;jzpfonf? OD;azmfaZmftmarmufonf 1960 jynfhESpfwGif armif;awmtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS wef;jrifhausmif;xGufvufrSwf&pmar;yGJ atmifjrifcJhonf? 1961 ckESpfwGif e,fjcm;a'otkyfcsKyfa&;Xme. - 215 -

ar,ke,fjcm;c¶dkif0efvufatmufwGif pma&;0efxrf;/ xdk@aemuf jynfol@aumifpD¶Hk;/ taxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;OD; pD;XmewGif txufwef;pma&;/ ¶Hk;tkyfpma&;}uD;tjzpf armif;awm/ bl;oD;awmif/ ausmufawmf/ ausmufjzL/ awmifukwfESifh ppfawG+rdK@rsm;wGif tr_xrf;cJhonf? txufwef;a¶S@aepmar;yGJajzqdkatmifjrifcJhojzifh 1985 ckESpfwGif tvkyfrSt+idrf;pm;,lcJh+yD;/ a¶S@aetjzpfvdkufygaqmif¶GuftoufarG;cJhonf? trsdK;om;vl@tcGifhta&; 'Drdku&ufwpfygwDwGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmifwm0ef,lcJhonf? 18? rmefatmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;odef;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;odef;armifonf rmefatmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(17781)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(65²47)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;0HxD;atmif.om;jzpfonf? 1951 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (9)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? armif;awm+rdK@e,f/ ukef; wef&Gmawmifydkif;Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;odef;armifonf q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? ausmif;rSxGufI rdbESifhtwl v,f,mvkyfief;vkyfudkifI tdrfaxmifus+yD;aomtcg aps;onfvkyfief;jzihftoufarG;cJhonf? jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDokd@0if+yD; uvmyfpnf;acgif;aqmifwm0ef,lcJhonf? 1988 ckESpfwGif trsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfodk@0ifa&muf+yD; 1989 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (18)&ufae@rSpI rmefatmif+rdK@e,f trsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? 19? ajryHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;jzLpdefOD;/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jzLpdefOD;onf ajryHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf ,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(10763)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(43²0)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;armifjzL .om;jzpfonf? 1934 ckESpf/ rwfv (3)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? ajryHk+rdK@e,f/ =uufa&u|ef;aus;¶GmZmwdjzpf onf? OD;jzLpdef OD;onf 1954 ckESpfwGif =uufa&u|ef;aus;¶Gmrlvwef;ausmif;rS rlvwef;atmifjrifcJh+yD;/ 1962 ckESpfwGif wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1967 ckESpfwGif ausmif;q&mtjzpftr_xrf;cJhI 1978-79 ckESpfwGif 'DyDtD;'DbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? txufwef;jyausmif;q&mtjzpf(2)ESpftr_xrf;cJh+yD;aemuf 1988 ckESpf/ ZGefv (22)&uf ae@wGifemrusef;yifpif,lcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (2)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1414)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f tjzpfrSEkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? 20? ajrmufOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;apmjratmif/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;apmjratmifonf ajrmufOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(17322)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(62²09)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;apmvSatmif/ trd a':oef;pHOD;wdk@rS 1908 ckESpf/ {+yDv (23)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? ajrmufOD;+rdK@Zm wdjzpfonf? OD;apmjratmifonf ajrmufOD;+rdK@Y rlvwef;/ ppfawG+rdK@Y tv,fwef;/ &efukef+rdK@Y txufwef; - 216 -

ynmrsm;oif,latmifjrifcJh+yD;/ 1942 ckESpf/ 'kwd,urBmppf}uD;jzpfyGm;onfhtcsdeftxd &efukef+rdK@wGif aq; ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1943 ckESpfwGif tdENd,EdkifiH/ bHkab+rdK@Y aq;ynmbmom&yfrsm;qufvufoif=um;cJh &m 1947 ckESpf/ arvwGif q&m0efbGJ@/ trfbDbDtufpf(bHkab)&¶SdcJhonf? 1947 ckESpfrSpI EdkifiH0efxrf;tjzpf (2)ESpfaqmif¶GufcJh+yD;/ +AdwdefEdkifiHwGif (4)ESpf=um vufawG@tr_xrf;&if; aq;ynmbmom&yfrsm;qufvuf oif=um;cJh&m bGJ@vGef'Dyvdkrm'DpDtdwfcsfbGJ@(DCH)vef'efESifh tufzftm&fpDyDbGJ@(FRCP)*vyfpudk; yg&*lbGJ@ rsm;&¶SdcJhonf? 1954 ckESpfrSpI EdkifiH0efxrf;/ 1955 ckESpfrS 1963 ckESpftxd rEWav;c¶dkif q&m0ef}uD;/ aq;¶Hk tkyf}uD;/ orm;awmf}uD;ESifh rEWav;aq;wuU odkvf aq;ynmXmerª;/ 1975 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd ¶dkx&D toif; rEWav;XmecGJ OuUX/ &efukef+rdK@¶Sd &cdkif o[m,toif; OuUX/ &cdkif"rRm¶Hkaqmufvkyfa&; em,u/ 1983 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd &efukef+rdK@ &cdkifo [m,toif; OuUX/ 1958 ckESpfwGif urBmhaq;ynm¶Sifrsm; zvS,faomtpDtpOft& tar&duefEdkifiHwGif(2)vESifh +AdwdefEdkifiHwGif &ufowW(3)ywfwdwd avhvmcGif;&cJh onf? 1972 ckESpfwGif w¶[email protected]=um;csuft& yg&*lrsm;tzGJ@udkOD;aqmifI &ufowW (3) ywfoGm;a&mufavhvmcJhonf? 1978 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,l+yD;aemuf 1979 ckESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd a[mifaumif¶Sd aq;¶Hk}uD;(2)ckwGif oGm;a&muftr_xrf;cJhonf? 1982 ckESpfwGif EdkifiHjcm;rSjyefa&mufvm+yD; aemuf &efukef+rdK@¶Sd A[ef;+rdK@e,fZD0dw'geoHCmhaq;¶HkESifh oDv¶Sifrsm;aq;¶HkwGif apwemorm;awmf}uD; tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (21)&ufae@wGifa=unmcJht+yD; ppftm%m¶Sifrsm;u wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkEdkifiHa&;ygwDacgif;aqmif wOD;jzpfol OD;apmjratmiftm; zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;cJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/ pufwif bmv (17)&ufae@&ufpGJ jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwDrS a'gufwmOD;apmjratmiftm; jynfol@v$wfawmf OuUX tjzpf a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufvdkufa=umif;a=unmcJhonf? zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&&mrS 2001 ckESpf/ ZGefv (13) &ufae@wGif jyefvGwfonf? 21? ajrmufOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;atmifvSZH/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifvSZHonf ajrmufOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(14861)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(54²63)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? ajrmufOD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;cspfapmOD;/ trd a':pHomjzLwdk@rS 1927 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (19)&ufae@ wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;atmifvSZHonf ajrmufOD;+rdK@/ pyg;qdyftpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ ajrmufOD;+rdK@ jrefrmtpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;/ ppfawG+rdK@ tpdk;&aemfrefausmif;/ &efukefwuUodkvfwdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ ul;oef; a&mif;0,fa&;0dZ…m(bDuGrf;)bGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1952 ckESpfwGif ausmufawmf+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif; ausmif; tkyf}uD;/ 1955 ckESpfwGif A[dkpm&if;tif;ESifhpD;yGm;a&;Xme pm&if;tif;t&m¶Sd/ xdk@aemuf tvkyfrSEkwfxGufI 1956 ckESpfwGif OD;atmifvSZHynmoifausmif;udk wnfaxmifcJhonf? 22? &aohawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;armifºuGif;atmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifºuGif;atmifonf &aohawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(7310)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(37²25)jzifh a&G;cs,fwif ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? &aohawmif+rdK@e,f/ jrif;uHanmif;Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ausmfZHatmif/ trd - 217 -

a':vSaemfOD;wkd@rS 1944 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (4)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;armifºuGif;atmifonf uHjyif aus;&Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ xlaxmifaus;&Gmtpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ ppfawG+rdK@OD;atmifvSZH tvGwf ynmoifausmif; wkd@wGifynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ e0rwef;wGifausmif;rSxGufcJhonf? ukefonftjzpftoufarG; onf? &aohawmif +rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 23? &aohawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;OD;omEdk@/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;OD;omEdk@onf &aohawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(7987)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(42²23)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;aumif;pH¶SD/ trd a':ESif;omjzLwdk@rS 1934 ckESpf/ arv (25)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? ppfawG+rdK@e,f/ qwf¶dk;usta¶S@buf¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;OD;omEdk@onf qwf¶dk;usta¶S@rlvwef;ausmif;/ 1951 ckESpfwGif vrf;rawmfajrmuftv,fwef;ausmif;ESifh ppfawG+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)wdk@wGif 1952 ckESpf txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? ppfawG+rdK@ ausmif;om;or*~ESifhvli,ftpnf;t¶Hk; twGif;a&;rª;/ 1958 ckESpfwGif w&m;a&;0ef}uD;Xme/ udk,f&Hawmf&Jtkyftjzpf acwWtr_xrf;cJhonf? 1969 ckESpfwGif ppfawGjrLeDpDy,fa¶G; aumufyGJwGifta¶G;cHcJh&onf? 1995 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (21)&ufae@wGif qGD'ifEdkifiH/ AGefrm;pApf+rdK@Y jynfaxmif pkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@ jyefvnfjyifqifzGJ@pnf;onfhtcg tvkyform;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD; tjzpfwm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 2000 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (7)&ufae@wGif tdkif,mvefEdkifiH/ 'AŠvif +rdK@Y !Gef@aygif;tpdk;& jyefvnfjyifqifzGJ@pnf;onfhtcg Xmevufudkifr¶Sd0ef}uD;jzpfvmcJhonf? 2004 ckESpf/ rwfv (23)&ufae@ tar&duefEdkifiH/ 0g¶Sifwef+rdK@awmfwGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;& tzGJ@ jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;csdeftxd 0ef}uD;tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 24? &rf;+AJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;jrarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrarmifonf &rf;+AJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf ,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(28322)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(79²43)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;zkd; wif/ trd a':apmjrOD;wkd@rS 1938 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (4)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;jrarmifonf &rf;+AJ+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS 1958 ckESpfwGif ausmif;xGufvufrSwf&pmar;yJGatmifjrifcJhonf? 1958 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd ynma&;XmewGif tv,fwef;jyq&mtjzpf tESpf(30)cef@tr_xrf;cJhonf? 1957 ckESpfwGif &rf;+AJ+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif; ausmif;om;or*~tvkyftr_aqmif/ 1958 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd &rf;+AJ +rdK@tmp&d,or*~ tvkyftr_aqmif/ &rf;+AJ+rdK@ynma&;Xme aiGpkaiGacs;toif; b¾ma&;rSL;/ &rf;+AJ+rdK@e,f Ak'
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25? oHwGJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;xGef;&D/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGef;&Donf oHwGJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf ,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(36789)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;979²28)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? uif;armf Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;tkef;az/ trd a':pdeftdwkd@rS 1947 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (17)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;xGef;&Donf 1968 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`H(ocsFm)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? ajrwkdif;OD;pD;XmewGif 1969 ckESpfrS 1981 ckESpftxd Xmepdwfrª;/ zD*sDEkdifiH ukvor*~zHG@òzd;a&;tpDtpOfvufatmufwGif 1981 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd ajrwdkif;t&m&Sd/ 1985 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd yg&*l/ xdk@aemuf ukefonfvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJh onf? tar&duefjynfaxmifpkodk@w&m;0ifEdkifiHul;vufrSwfjzifhxGufcGmvmcJh+yD;aemuf tar&duefEdkifiHwGif aexdkifcGifha¶Smufxm;+yD; aexdkifonf? 26? trf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;ae0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ae0if;onf trf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf ,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(13379)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(67²08)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? trf;+rdK@ Zmwddjzpfonf? tz OD;aeOD;/ trd a':raomif;wkd@rS 1947 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;ae0if;onf 1963 ckESpfrS 1979 ckESpftxd trf;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1984 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…mbJG@udk pdwf ynmt"dujzihf&¶SdcJhonf? a&$yef;xdrfvkyfief;jzihfhtoufarG;onf? 1984 ckESpfwGif a':atmifrkd;wifhESifhvuf xyfcJhonf? (12) &efukefwdkif;? awmifbufwGif uy`vDyifv,f/ ta¶S@bufwGif rGefjynfe,f/ ta¶S@awmifbufwGif rkwWrauG@/ ajrmufbufwGif yJcl;wdkif;/ taemufbufwGif {&m0wDwdkif;wdk@wnf¶Sdonf? &efukefwdkif;wGif +rdK@e,f(42)+rdK@e,f¶SdrJqENe,f(61)e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(46)cktm;udk,fpm; jyK,SOf+ydKifolv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(379)OD;/ woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(21)OD;/ pkpk aygif;(400)OD;0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh=u&m trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(59)ae&m/ 'Drdkua&pDygwD/ 'Drdku&ufwpf bGJ@&ESifhausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzGJ@wdk@rS(1)ae&mpDtoD;oD;a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf? 1? urm&Gwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;0ef(rif;ok0%f)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? uAsmq&m}uD;rif;ok0%ftrnfjzifh xif¶Sm;aom 0Àausmfxif oD&dysHcsD OD;0ef r[m0dZ…m(&efukef)/ B. Litt (OXON)onf urm¶Gwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,frS trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if - 219 -

a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(23345)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²95)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1909 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (10)&uf (Ak'<[l;)ae@wGif [Hom0wDc¶dkif/ uGrf;+cHukef;+rdK@/ awmifzufurf;ta¶S@ydkif; wGif ukefonfrsm;jzpf=uaom tz OD;vGrf;yif/ trd a':rdwdk@rSarG;zGm;cJhonf? arG;csif;(7)a,mufteuf 'kwd, ajrmufjzpf+yD; rGef-jrefrm rsdK;¶dk;jzpfonf? 1916 ckESpfwGif uGrf;+cHukef;+rdK@/ =um;ausmif;ac: a¶$usifausmif;wdkuf (q&mOD;zdk;vd_ifausmif;)wGif jrefrmpmpwifoif,lonf? ausmif;tkyfq&mawmfrSm OD;ÁEN0HojzpfI qXrwef; txdaecJhonf? 1921 ckESpf/ ZGefv (21)&ufae@wGif uGr;f +cHukef;+rdK@ trsdK;om;ausmif;zGifhaomtcg =um; ausmif;rSxGufI trsdK;om;ausmif;opfwGif t*Fvdyf-jrefrm (2)bmompwifoif,lcJhonf? uAsma&;enf;udk ausmif;aezuf OD;tmumoef;xHrSoif,cl Jhonf? qXrwef;txdaecJhonf? 1923 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (30)&uf ae@wGif &efukef+rdK@/ q&mrSwf}uD;ausmif;ac: pdef*|ef;ausmif;wGif yOPrwef;odk@wufa&mufcJhonf? 1926 ckESpf/ rwfvwGif t*Fvdyf-jrefrm tv,fwef; paumvm;¶Spfpmar;yGJwGif pwkwˆ&I atmifjrifcJhonf? tXrwef; rSpI q&mrSwf}uD;tdyfaqmifwGif y&Dzufac: ausmif;om;rª;vkyfcJh&onf? usHK;}uD;vrf;/ rif;}uD;uawmf a':jrar. Ak'
tr_xrf;cJhonf? ynmhwHcGeftoif;/ tbd"mefvkyfief;udkOD;aqmifvkyfudkif&efcef@xm;jcif;cH&ojzifh Zefe0g&Dv (10)&ufae@wGif uGrf;+cHukef;+rdK@wGif pwifjyKpkcJhonf? 1945 ckESpf/ {+yDv (7)&ufae@wGif ppfab;tEW&m,f a=umifh tbd"mefvkyfief;udk acwW&yfqdkif;cJh&onf? +Adwdo#rsm;jyefa&mufI tkyfcsKyfa&;udkjyefvnfvkyfaqmif aomtcg uGrf;+cHukef;ajrmufydkif;wGif +rdK@tkyfcef@xm;ojzifh(2)vcef@vkyfudkifcJhonf? =o*kwfv (6)&ufae@wGif &efukef+rdK@/ r*dkvrf;wGif ta&;ay:wuUodkvfoifwef;rsm;zGifhI jrefrmpmvufaxmufuxdutjzpf 0ifa&muf vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1946 ckESpf/ ZGefv (1)&ufae@wGif uxdutjzpfwdk;jr‡ifhcef@xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1947 ckESpfwGif tdENd,EdkifiH/ a'vD+rdK@wGifusif;yaom tm¶SwdkufqufqHa&;nDvmcHodk@ 0wfvHkawmf&OD;ausmfjrifh acgif;aqmif aomtzGJ@ESifhwufa&mufcJhonf? xdkESpf jrefrmEdkifiHbmomjyefpmaytoif; jzpfay:vmaomtcg a0g[m& aumfrwDwGif0ifa&mufvkyfudkifcJhonf? 1948 ckESpf/ ZGefv (1)&ufae@wGif &efukefwuUodkvf bmomjyef ESifhpmtkyfxkwfa0a&;XmezGifhvSpf+yD; Xmerª;tjzpfaqmif¶GufI tbd"mefvkyfief;jyefvnfvkyfudkifcJhonf? xdkESpf twGif;wGif jrefrmEdkifiHtajccHOya' jrefrmpmpmrludk ppfaq;avhvmt}uHay;cJh&onf? jrefrmEdkfifiHokawoe toif;tr_aqmiftzGJ@wGif 0ifa&mufaqmif¶GufcJhonf? xdktoif;*sme,fwGif pmwnf;tjzpfvkyfcJhonf? 1952 ckESpfwGif tar&duefjynfaxmifpk/ e,l;a[Aif+rdK@a,;vfwuUodkvfwGif ajcmufvcef@ bmomaA'ynm qnf;yl;cJhonf? 1953 ckESpf/ ZGefv (1)&ufae@wGif &efukefwuUodkvf bmomjyefESifhpmtkyfxkwfa0a&;Xme wGif pmwnf;rª;tjzpfwdk;jr‡ifhcef@xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1957 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmvwGif jrefrmEdkifiH,Ofaus;r_ udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@ESifhtwl w¶kwfjynfol@orRwEdkifiH/ qdkAD,uf¶k¶Sm;/ ydkvef/ csufudkpvdkAufuD;,m;/ ta¶S@ *smreDEdkifiHrsm;odk@oGm;a&mufcJhonf? wdydÉu ygÏd-jrefrmtbd"mefvkyfief;/ rGef-jrefrmtbd"mefvkyfief;rsm; wGif 0ifa&mufulnDcJhonf? pmayAdrmef. jrefrmhpG,fpHkusrf;tzGJ@/ pmayqkay;a&;tzGJ@/ okcrdeftzGJ@/ yefwsm rlrSefjyKvkyfa&;aumfrDwD/ ydÉuwfawmfjrefrmjyefaumfrwD/ Oya'bmomjyefaumfrwDwdk@wGif 0ifa&muf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1961 ckESpf/ rwfv (1)&ufae@rS 1962 ckESpf/ arv (12)&ufae@txd wuUodkvfjrefrmpm XmewGif ygarmuQtjzpftr_xrf;cJhonf? atmufwdkbmvwGif jrefrmh,Ofaus;r_udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@ESifhtwl w¶kwfjynfol@orRwEdkifiHodk@oGm;a&mufcJhonf? wuUodkvfpmtkyfxkwfa0jzef@csad &;aumfrDwD OuUX/ jrefrmEdkifiH ordkif;aumfr¶SiftzGJ@0iftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1962 ckESpf/ arv (13)&ufae@wGif ygarmuQ&mxl;udkpGef@ v$wf+yD;/ bmomjyefESifhpmtkyfxkwfa0a&;XmewGif jyefvnftr_xrf;cJhonf? 1966 ckESpfwGif jrefrmEdkifiH pmrwwfolyaysmufa&;twGuf ouf}uD;pmoifenf;(0-x-u-v-o enf;)udkwDxGifcJhonf? 1968 ckESpf wGif wuUodkvfbmomjyefESifh pmtkyfxkwfa0a&;Xme pmwnf;rª;tjzpfrSt+idrf;pm;,lcJhI ynma&;Xmetxl; t&m¶Sdtjzpf qufvufaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfwGif jrefrmEdkifiHokawoetoif; ESpf(60) jynfhESpf wGif toif;. OuUX tjzpfa¶G;cs,fjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1971 ckESpf/ arv (31)&ufae@wGif ynma&;t&m¶Sdtjzpf rStem;,lcJhonf? 1975 ckESpfrS 1979 ckESpftxd *syefEdkifiH/ tdkqmumEdkifiHjcm; bmomoifwuUodkvfY {nfhygarmuQtjzpf oGm;a&mufwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? OD;0ef(rif;ok0%f)onf tdkqmum+rdK@rS jrefrmwOD; trnfjzifh *syefwdkif;(rf)owif;pmY 'kwd,urBmppftwGif; jrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm; epfemcsufESifhywfoufI tcsuf(2)csuf wifjycJhonf? yxrtcsufrSm *syefwdk@onf 'kwd,urBmppftwGif;u olwdk@.&efoljzpfaom t*Fvdyf/ tar&duef/ =opawvs ppfoHk@yef;rsm;xJrS ppf+yD; ESpf(30)t=um usef&pfcJholrsm;udkzdwf=um;I aorif;wrefvrf;[kac:wGifonfh auG;jrpfwHwm;vrf;azmufvkyf&mY apcdkif;cJhjcif;twGuf 0rf;enf;a=umif; awmif;yefum *k%fjyKyGJjyKvkyfcJhaomfvnf;/ xdkvrf;azmufvkyf&mY rw&m;apcdkif;jcif;cHcJh&aom jrefrmrsm;udkrl *k%fjyK&ef arhaysmufcsefvSyfcJhjcif;rSm rw&m;a=umif; wifjycJhonf? 'kwd,tcsufrSm *syef{u&mZf [D¶dk[Dwdk taejzifh ppftwGif;u &efoljzpfcJh&aom tar&dueftpdk;&xH ppfjzpfonfhudpPwGif rdrdryg0ifa=umif; rsuf&nf cHxdk; awmif;yefaernfhtpm; rdrdwdk@EdkifiH}uD;rsm;a=umifh jzpfyGm;cJh&aom ppfyGJY "m;pmcHjzpfcJh&aom jrefrm EdkifiHtygt0if EdkifiHi,fav;rsm;odk@ pdwfraumif;a=umif;ajym=um;cJhv#if cH&olrsm;bufrS tcH&oufomrnf jzpfa=umif; wifjya&;om;cJhonf? xdkodk@ acwftqufquf trsdK;om;EdkifiHa&;udk pmayuÀrS tpOfwpdkuf }udK;yrf;vkyfaqmifcJhaom OD;0ef(rif;ok0%f)onf 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk - 221 -

}uD;rS aygufzGm;vmcJhonfh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; pwifzGJ@pnf;csdefrSpwifI tm;ay;axmufcHcJh onf? OD;0ef(rif;ok0%f)onf 1933 ckEpS fwGif jrefrmpm 0dZ…m*k%fxl;wef;udk yxrwef;rS xl;c|efpGmatmifjrif ojzifh Jamsheji Medal qkwHqdyf&¶SdcJhonf? xdk@jyif r[m0dZ…m/ bDvpf(atmufpzdk@)/ 0Àausmfxif(1950 ckESpf)/ oD&dysHcsD(1962 ckESpf)wdk@&¶SdcJhonf? rsufrjrifpmopfudkOD;aqmifwnfxGio f l/ acwf opfuav;uAsmudk pwifzGJ@qdkoljzpfonf? ppftpdk;&. zdtm;ay;r_a=umifh 1992 ckESpf/ rwfvwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS E_wfxGufcJhonf? 2004 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (15)&ufae@wGif &efukef+rdK@aetdrfY uG,fvGefonf? (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; OD;0ef(rif;ok0%f). &yfwnfcsuf jynfolwdk@. qENESifhtnD tajccH vl@tcGifhta&;rsm;udk tmrcHrnfh ppfrSefaom 'Drdkua&pD EdkifiHawmfopf xlaxmifa&;? jynfolwpf&yfvHk;. tusdK;pD;yGm;udk xm0pOf OD;xdyfyefqifa&;? wdkif;&if;om;jynfolwpf&yfvHk;ESifh EdkifiHom;tm;vHk;. om,m0ajymr_ESifh zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufr_wdk@udk }udK; yrf;azmfaqmifa&;? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX OD;wifOD; ESifh taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unfwdk@. acgif;aqmifr_udkcH,lI w&m;r#w/ vGwfvyfaom a¶G;aumufyGJodk@ +idrf;csrf;pGm a¶S;¶_csDwufa&;? rdrdwdk@tzGJ@0ifrsm;. pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfr_tiftm;jzifh jynfoltaygif;udk vufwGJum/ a¶G;aumufyGJwGif wpfcJeuf atmifyGJcHa&;? “vli,fa&mifawmuf pdefcarmuf” aeylr_udkvnf; olra¶Smif rdk;¶Gmr_udkvnf; olra¶Smif wdk@wpfawG csrf;omr_udk usdK;jyK¶Gufaqmif? ? =unfndKr_&,fESifh 0dkif;pk=u vlv,facgif 0if;ajymifvdk@ a&mifawmuf?

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aemifa&;udkar#mf atmifaw;wpfa=umfa=umfESifh EdkifiHawmf omapa=umif;[mrdk@ wdk@wpfawG qkrGefawmif;vdk@&,f atmifoajy anmifa&avmif;umygh aqmif;=u carmuf? ? rif;ok0%f ¡ a¶G;aumufyGJ t}udKumv q&m}uD;rif;ok0%f. rJqG,fpnf;¶Hk;a&; vufurf;pmapmifrS ² ² ² ¢ ema&;a=umfjim ² ² ² - 222 -

OD;0ef (rif;ok0%f) touf(96)ESpf &efukef+rdK@/ trSwf 18/ xGef;vif;&dyfom/ urm¶Gwf+rdK@e,fae a':=unf=unf.cifyGef;/ OD;Om%fpdk;a':wifrr/ OD;xifausmf-a':pkpkvGif/ a':xm;csdK-OD;ausmfbkef;[email protected]/ (a':wifEk).armif/ (OD;xGef;=unf)/ a':&ifEk(Ek,Of)-¡OD;tkef;az(c)wufwdk;¢[email protected] 15-8-2004 &uf(we*FaEGae@) eHeuf 11;30 em&D wGif aetdrf(oajyndK)Y uG,fvGefoGm;ygI 17-8-2004 &uf(t*Fgae@) rGef;vGJ 2 em&DwGif a&a0;okomefY *loGif;o+*õK[frnfjzpfyga=umif; aqGrsdK;rdwfo*F[taygif;tm; today;ta=umif;=um;tyfygonf? usef&pfolrdom;pk 2? aumhrª;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;baqG(ajrmif;jr-baqG)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;baqG(ajrmif;jrbaqG)onf aumhr–;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(24615)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(54²85)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? tz OD;bausmf(uG,fvGef)/ trd a':at;=unf(uG,fvGef)wkd@rS 1931 ckESpfwGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? ajrmif;jr +rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? v,form;rsdK;¶dk;jzpfI Ak'
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3? ausmufwHwm;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;wifpdk;(py,fOD;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? ODwifpdk;onf ausmufwHwm;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(14151)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(82²66)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;cspf/ trd a':jrcifwdk@rS 1941 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (27)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? {&m0wDwdkif;/ ig;odkif; acsmif;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;wifpkd;onff 1946 ckESpfwiG f &efukef+rdK@/ aq;u&uf[wf(pdef@aygvf)ausmif;wGif pwifausmif;aecJhonf? 1948-49 ckESpfwGif rdbrsm; pD;yGm;a&;tqifrajyojzifh xdkausmif;rSxGufcJh+yD;/ &efukef+rdK@/ armfwifvrf;/ tpdk;&jrrmvmtv,fwef;ausmif;wGif ausmif;ajymif;ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1951 ckESpfwGif zcifuG,fvGefI rdcifESifhtwl pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif ulnDvkyfudkifay;cJh&onf? 1956 ckESpfwGif A[dktpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;odk@ ajymif;a¶$@ynmoif=um;&if;/ pD;yGm;a&;owif;pmwdkufwGif jyef=um;a&; 0ef}uD;XmerSxkwfjyefonfh owif;jyef=um;csufrsm; oGm;a&muf,l&onfh atmufajctvkyform;b0/ vpm aiG(60d§-)pm; tvkyfudk pwif0ifa&mufvkyfudkifcJhonf? 1958 ckESpfESifh 1959 ckESpfwdk@wGif A[dktrsdK;om; txufwef;ausmif;rS 'orwef;udk (2)}udrfajzqdkcJhaomfvnf; ratmifojzifh ausmif;rSxGufcJhonf? 1958 ckESpfwGif OD;atmifjrif(q&m+rdK@rarmif).ac:,lr_a=umifh &efukefowif;pmwdkufodk@ ajymif;a¶$@vkyfudkifcJhonf? xdk@aemuf oHr%dowif;pm/ ta&;ay:owif;pm/ v#yfppfowif;pm/ jynfausmfowif;pm/ rD;'kwfowif;pm rsm;wGif (pmjyif/ zdkrif/ vufaxmuft,f'Dwm/ t,f'Dwm)tqifhtxd ‚if;.}uDK;pm;r_rsm;a=umifh q&m orm;rsm;u wdk;jr‡ifhwm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1960 jynfhESpfwGif owif;pmvkyfief;rsm;rSwqifh ¶_r0 OD;ausmfuac:,lojzifh ¶_r0r*~Zif;wGifvnf;aumif;/ 1962 ckESpfwGif aiGwm&Dr*~Zif;wdkufrsm;odk@vnf;aumif; ajymif;a¶$@vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1964 ckESpfwGif “py,fOD;pmayjzef@csda&;”udk udk,fydkifwnfaxmifI pmtkyfpmwrf; rsm;pGm xkwfa0vkyfudkifcJhonf? “py,fOD;”jrefrm0wˆKwdkr*~Zif;udk 1984 ckESpf/ pufwifbmvrSpI pmwnf; csKyftjzpf wnf;jzwfxkwfa0cJhonf? 1967 ckESpf/ arv (18)&ufae@rSpI 1968 ckESpf/ ZGefv (18)&ufae@txd yk'fr(5)jzifh tif;pdeftusOf;axmifwGif (13)v=umr# zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif “pmayESifhtEkynm¶Sifrsm;tzGJ@”udk pwifzGJ@pnf;OD;aqmifol (5) OD;xJwGif yg0ifcJh+yD;/ 'Drdkua&pDawmif;qdkqENjyyGJrsm;wGif wufºuGpGmyg0ifcJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (24) &ufae@wGif &efukefjynfol@aq;¶Hk}uD;0if;twGif;Y pmayESifhtEkynm¶Sifrsm;tzGJ@rS a':atmifqef;pk=unf. jrefrmEdkifiHwGif yxrqHk;vlxkw&m;yGJjzpfajrmufa&;wGif yg0ifOD;aqmifcJhonf? 1988 ckESpftwGif; jzpfay:cJh onfh 'Drdkua&pDawmif;qdkyGJrsm;wGif qENjyr_rsm;udk wufºuGpGmtm;ay;ulnDcJh+yD;/ ppfwyfrStm%modrf;+yD; aemufydkif;txd qufvufqENjyv_yf¶Sm;oltcsdK@udk ulnDyHhydk;cJhojzifh EdkifiHawmftm; aESmifh,SufzsufqD;vdkol rsm;. ab;tEW&m,frS umuG,fapmifha¶Smufonfh Oya'jzifh 1988 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (2)&ufae@rS 1989 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (19)&ufae@txd (Zm*em/ Zif0dkif;/ rdk;0if;)wdk@ESifhtwl zrf;qD;xdefodrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ausmufwHwm;+rdK@e,f/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf trnfpm &if;wifoGif;+yD;aemuf 1990 jynfhESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (8)&ufae@rS (26)&ufae@txd xyfrHzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cH cJh&onf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ A[dkowif;ESifhjyef=um;a&;aumfrwDwGif twGif;a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif ¶GufcJhonf? “py,fOD;”±kyf&Sif tpk&Sif/ OD;pD;/ 'g&kdufwmwifarmifpdk;trnfjzifh “tazwpfckom;wpfck”&kyf&Sif &dkuful;cJhonf? (py,fOD;)OD;wifpdk;trnfjzifh vlodrsm;onf? 4? ausmufwef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? a'gufwmoef;+idrf;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - 224 -

a'gufwmoef;+idrf;onf ausmufwef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(17018)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(64²95)jzifh a&G;cs,fwif ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? ausmufwef;+rdK@e,f/ caemif&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1937 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (5)&ufae@zGm; jzpfonf? OD;armifpdef.om;jzpfonf? a'gufwmoef;+idrf;onf +rdK@rtxufwef;ausmif;(&efukef)rS wuUodkvf 0ifwef;atmifjrifI &efukefaq;wuUodkvfrS 1963 ckESpfwGif q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1964 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpf txd usefrma&;OD;pD;Xme vufaxmufq&m0ef/ +rdK@e,fq&m0ef/ 1982 ckESpfrS 1984 ckESpftxd oD&dvuFm EdkifiHwGif ukvor*~apwemh0efxrf;q&m0ef/ 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif ygI tvkyfrSt+idrf;pm;ay;jcif;cHcJh&onf? xdk@aemuf udk,fydkifaq;ukcef;zGifhvSpfvkyfudkifcJhonf? 1997 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (21)&ufae@wGif omauw&Jpcef;rS zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;cJh+yD;/ 1972 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH jynfol@usef;rma&;qdkif&mOya' yk'fr 9 (1)(*)t& tr_zGifhta&;,ljcif;cHcJh&onf? 1997 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbm v (28)&ufae@wGif r&rf;ukef;+rdK@e,ftzGJ@csKyf¶Hk;wGif tzGJ@csKyfvli,frsm;wm0efay;tyfjcif;tpnf;ta0; jyK vkyf&efpDpOfcJh&m tpdk;&qef@usifa&;qlylv_yf¶Sm;r_jyKvkyf&efpDpOfcJhonf[kqdkum 1997 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (26) &ufae@wGif &efukeftaemufydkif;c¶dkifw&m;¶Hk;Y 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (n)jzifh tr_ zGifhw&m;pGJqdkcJh+yD;/ 1997 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (9)&ufae@wGif tvkyfESifhaxmif'%f(7)ESpfcsrSwfcJhonf? 2004 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (23) &ufae@wGif yk'fr 10 (u)jzifh aemufxyfjypf'%f &ufaygif;(60)csrSwfcJhonf? 5? ausmufwef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;pdk;!Gef@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pkd;!Gef@onf ausmufwef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(16226)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(65²95)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? 1936 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (18)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz ODay:v_dif.om;jzpfonf? OD;pdk;!Gef@onf &efukefwuUodkvfrS 0dZ…m(ordkif;)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? wyfrawmfrS 'kwd,Adkvfr–;}uD;tqifhjzifh t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonff? jynfwGif;tcGefOD;pD;Xme !¸ef=um;a&;r–;/ jrefrmhxkwfukefoGif;ukefaumfya&;&Sif; OD;aqmif!¸ef=um;a&;r–; wm0efwkd@udk xrf;aqmifchJonf? r&rf;ukef;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX/ &efukefwdkif;pnf; wm0efwkd@udk,lcJhonf? OD;pkd;!Gef@onf 1950 jy!fhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (u)(c)(n)t& jypf'%fpD&ifjcif;cHcJh&I a&G;aumufyJGOya'yk'fr 11 (n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf rSy,fzsufa=umif; aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (20)&ufae@wGifa=unmcJhonf? aemif(10)ESpftwGif usif;yrnfh a¶G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf ESifh rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@wdk@u tzJG@0iftjzpfrSxkwfy,fcJonf? 6? =unfhjrifwdkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;vSxGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSxGef;onf =unfhjrifwdkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI0if a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(26774)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(75²5)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? Arm/ Ak'
0dZ…mbGJ@(pD;yGm;a&;ynm/ pm&if;tif;ynm/ ¶dk;¶dk;ocsFm/ t*Fvdyfpm)&¶SdcJhonf? 1961-62 ckESpfwGif ynma&;wuUodkvf avhusifha&;ausmif;/ ausmif;om;or*~twGif;a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1965-66 ckESpfrS 1969-70 ckESpftxd vli,fa&;&mnausmif; vd_if+rdK@e,f tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)Y apwemq&mtjzpf vkyftm;ay;cJhonf? 1986 ckESp/f arv (29)&ufae@wGif 'kwd,!¸ef=um;a&;r–; tqifh(1)&mxl;jzifh pDrHudef;a&;qGJa&;OD;pD;Xme(pDrHudef;ESifhb¾ma&;0ef}uD;Xme)wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh onf? 1986 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (15)&ufae@rS 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (18)&ufae@txd {&m0wDwdkif;/ wkdif;pDrHudef;OD;pD;r–;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? jynfwGif;oifwef;rsm;tjzpf pDrHudef;u|rf;usifr_ tqifh (2)/ oifwef;trSwfpOf(1)/ (pDrHudef;a&;qGJa&;OD;pD;Xme)ESifh v,f,mESifhaus;vufa'ozGH@+zdK;a&; &if;ESD;jr‡KyfESHr_ vkyfief;rsm;/ a¶G;cs,fowfrSwfjcif;/ tusdK;tjrwfoHk;oyfjcif;/ }uD;=uyfuGyfuJjcif;qdkif&mvkyfief;cGifoifwef; rsm;odk@ wufa&mufcJhonf? jynfyoifwef;rsm;tjzpf ukvor*~pdkufysdK;a&;ESifhpm;eyf&duQmtzGJ@rS }uD;rª;usif;y aom +AdwdefEdkifiH/ refcsufpwmwuUodkvfYzGifhvSpfonfh pdkufysdK;a&;ESifhaus;vufa'ozGH@+zdK; a&;pDrHcef@cGJr_ oifwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? tD*spfEdkifiH/ udkif¶dk+rdK@wiG fusif;yaom v,f,mpdkufysdK;a&;ESifhaus;vufa'ozGH@+zdK; a&;oifwef;odk@ wufa&mufavhvmcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD; wGif ykodrf+rdK@/ +idrf;csrf;pGm vlxkqENazmfxkwfa&;aumfrwDwGif b¾ma&;rª;tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJh+yD;/ ykodrf ta¶S@ ESifhtaemuf +rdK@e,fvHk;qdkif&m &[ef;¶Sifvl/ ausmif;om;/ ausmif;ol/ rdbjynfolwdk@. 'Drdkua&pDv_yf¶Sm;r_qEN jyyGJudk pepfwus}uD;=uyfuGyfuJaqmif¶GufcJhjcif;/ {&m0wDwdkif; Xmeqdkif&m 0efxrf;aygif;pHkor*~ twGif;a&;rª; (,m,D)tjzpf pnf;¶Hk;v_yf¶Sm;aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (19)&ufae@wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf; jcif;cHcJh&+yD; 1988 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (23)&ufae@wGif tvkyfrSt+idrf;pm;ay;+yD;/ ykodrfaxmifrSjyefv$wf ay;cJhonf? =unfhjrifwdkif+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif +rdK@e,fO;D pD;tzJG@0ifESifh ukefoG,fpD;yGm;vkyf ief;tzGJ@wGif tzJG@0iftjzpfvnf;aumif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dkukefoG,fpD;yGm;vkyfief;tzGJ@wGif tzGJ@0iftjzpfvnf;aumif; aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (29)&ufae@u tr&yl&+rdK@e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf(2) jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fOD;bbGm;. aetdrfwGifðyvkyaf om ,m,Dtpdk;&zJG@pnf; a&; v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;odk@wufa&mufI wufwufºuGºuGaqG;aEG;cJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (30)&ufae@u rEWav;taemufawmif+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf±Hk;wGifðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpdk;& zJG@pnf;a&;v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;odk@vnf; wufa&mufI wufwufºuGºuGaqG;aEG;cJhonfh trmcH Hard Core (6)OD;wGifyg0ifonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (1)&ufae@u rEWav;-ar+rdK@ um;vrf;ab; qefpuf taqmufttHkwGifðyvkyfaom e,fpyfwae&mwGif ,m,Dtpdk;&zJG@pnf;&efudpP v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;odk@ vnf;wufa&mufcJhonf? &efukef+rdK@odk@jyefa&mufpOf awmxJoGm;I ,m,Dtpdk;&zJG@pnf;a&;udpPudk trsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fESifhwm0ef&Sdolrsm;jzpf=uaom OD;wifarmifjrifh/ OD;cifarmif aqG(prf;acsmif;)/ a'gufwmpef;atmif(t*Fyl-2)/ OD;armifudk(trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dkvkyfief;tzGJ@)wdk@ udktoday;cJhonf? jynfyoH±Hk;rsm;ESifhtquftoG,&f &ef a'gufwmwifhaqG(ykvJ-1)/ a'gufwmpef;atmif (t*Fyl-2)wdk@ESifhtwltm;xkwfcJhI oufqdkif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD;/ 1992 ckESpf/ {+yDvwGif ppfckH¶kH; wif+yD; axmif'%f(25)ESpfcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&ygonf? ,if;aemuf OD;vSxGef;tm; jypfr_qdkif&mOya'yk'fr 122 (1) t& jypf'%fpD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyJGOya'yk'fr 11 (n) ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f tjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS a=unmcJhonf? aemif jyKvkyfrnfha¶G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf;ydwfyifcJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (10)&ufae@wGif axmifrSjyefvGwfonf? OD;vSxGef;axmifrSjyefvnfvGwfajrmufvm+yD;aemuf aq;0g;vkyfief;puf¶kHwGif wm0efxrf;aqmifaeol OD;vSxGef;.ZeD;a':jroef;tm; vufaxmufpuf¶kH;rª;rSac:,lawG@qHkI cifyGef;onf taejzifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrSEkwfxGufa=umif;/ v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufa=umif;/ pm,lvm&efajymqdkcJhonf? xdkuJhodk@r[kwfaqmifv#if a':jroef;ESifhorD;jzpfolrEG,feDxGef;wdk@ tvkyfxdckduf rnfjzpfa=umif;+cdrf;ajcmufajymqdkcJhonf? orD;jzpfolrSmvnf; aq;0g;vkyfief;puf¶kHwGif tvkyfvkyfaejcif;jzpf - 226 -

onf? tqdkygudpPESifhywfoufI rdom;pktwGif;aqG;aEG;+yD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrSm w&m;0ifrSwfyHk wifxm;onfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDjzpfojzifh w&m;0ifygwD.tzGJ@0ifjzpfjcif;onf Oya'csdK;azmufjcif;r[kwfonfhjyif vlxkqENtm;av;pm;aoma=umifh jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSvnf; rEkwfxGufEdkif/ ,kH=unfcsuf tm;rpGef@Ekdifojzifh xGufcsif;xGufv#if ZeD;ESifhorD;om puf¶kHtr_xrf;tjzpfrSxGuf&efqkH;jzwfcJh=u+yD;/ vuf axmufpuf¶kHrª; OD;wifjrifhodk@ta=umif;jyefcJh&m orD;jzpfolEG,feDxGef;ukd &ufydkif;twGif;vkyfief;vdktyfcsuf r&Sd[kta=umif;jyI tvkyfrSxkwfypfcJhonf? xdk@aemuf a':jroef;tm; yifpifwif&eftwif;tusyfzdtm;ay; vmcJhonf? wESpfausmf=um+yD; 2000 jynfhESpf/ ZGefv (6)&ufae@wGif a':jroef;tm; vufaxmufpuf¶Hkrª;rS yifpifrwifv#if e,fodk@ajymif;a¶$@tr_xrf;&rnf[kajymvmcJhojzifh 2000 jynfhESpf/ ZGefv (26)&ufae@wGif OD;vSxGef;.ZeD;a':jroef;taejzifh yifpifwif&efqENr¶Sdaomfvnf;/ rdrd.qENt&[kqdkum yifpifwifcJh&onf? 7? uGrf;+cHukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;,k*ef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;,k*efonf uGrf;+cHukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(28198)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(66²68)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1925 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? OD;a0VK.om;jzpfonf? OD;,k*efonf 1940-41 ckESpfwGif q,fwef;atmifjrifcJh onf? 1942 ckESpfwGif ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtdkifat)odk@0ifI rsufyg;&yfAdkvfoifwef;wufa&mufcJh onf? wyfr–; (rwW&m/ pOfhul;ESifh xHk;}uD;+rdK@e,f)/ 1943 ckESpfwGif tm&Svli,f OuUX/ 1944 ckESpfrS 1955 ckESpftxd ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf(bD'Dat) Adkvfr–;}uD;Axl;wyf +rdK@e,fwyfcJGr–;oifwef;wufI rEWav; ajrmufydkif;+rdK@e,frsm; ppfa&;acgif;aqmif/ 1945 ckESpfwGif ArmhrsdK;cspfwyfrawmf(yDbDtufzf) wyfr–;(rEWav;/ rwW&m/ pOfhul;/ xHk;}uD;/ ppfa&;wm0efcH)/ 1945 ckESpfrS 1948 ckESpftxd AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifhtwl z-q-y-v pnf;±Hk;a&;/ 1947 ckESpf/ zGJG@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHpnf;rsOf;a&;qGJa&;udk,fpm;vS,f/ 1945 ckESpfrS 1951 ckESpftxd udk,fydkifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sif/ 1951 ckESpfrS 1983 ckESpftxd b%ft&m&Sd/ 1983 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif wufºuGpGmyg0ifcJhonf? &Jabmfa[mif;or*~ OuUX/ (wyfr–;a[mif;ESifh&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@) rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@ A[dkOD;pD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf +rdK@e,fem,u/ vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0ifESifh wkdufyJG0ifwHqdyfrsm;csD;jr‡ifhjcif;cHcJh& onf? 0efxef;tjzpfESifh jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD0ifjzpfcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1996 ckESpf/ ZGefv (7)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1261)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS E_wfxGufa=umif;a=unmcJhonf? 8? udkudk;u|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;vSoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? (1) trnf (2) EdkifiHom;vufrSwftrSwf (3) vlrsdK;§bmom (4) rdbtrnf (5) ynmt&nftcsif; (6) tvkyftudkif

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OD;vSoef;onf udkdudk;u|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(246)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(56²94)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? [Hom 0wDc¶dkif/ uGrf;+cHukef;+rdK@tydkif/ 0g;bavmufaomufaus;¶GmwGif v,f,mvkyfudkifol tz OD;odef;az/ trd a':!Gef@wdk@rS 1947 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (25)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? arG;csif;(8)OD;teuf owWrajrmufjzpf onf? rlvwef;ynmudk 0g;bavmufaomufaus;¶Gm rlvwef;ausmif;wGifvnf;aumif;/ tv,fwef;ynm udk armfv+rdKif+rdK@/ armifiH&yf/ trSwf(2)tv,fwef;ausmif;wGifvnf;aumif; owWrwef;atmifjrifonf txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1965 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmf(a&wyf)odk@0ifa&mufI a&wyfom;tjzpfjzifh &wemyHk a&wyfpcef;/ ppfawGa&wyfpcef;/ wdkufa&,mOf(110) a&wyfurf;wufwdkufcdkufa&;wyf&if;/ ppf¶Hk;csKyf/ umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf¶Hk;(a&)/ wm0ef(2)XmepkESifh ppfa&,mOf&ef}uD;atmifwdk@wGif 1977 ckESpf/ arvtxd tr_xrf;cJh+yD; vkyfoufyifpifjzifh t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? wyfrawmf(a&wyf)wGiftr_xrf;pOf edrfhusaomb0rS vGwfajrmuf&ef rdrdudk,fydkiftem;,l&rnfhtcsdefudk wefbdk;¶SdpGmtoHk;csI jrefrmvufa&;wdkynmudk‚if;/ pm&if;tif;ynmudk‚if; avhvmoif,lcJhonf? (5)ESpfausmfr#jywfawmufaeaom ausmif;ynma&;udk tXr wef;rSpI qufvufoif,lcJh&m 1975 ckESpfwGif (10)wef;pmar;yGJudk ¶lyaA'bmom*k%fxl;jzifh atmifjrif cJhonf? wyfrawmf(a&wyf)rSt+idrf;pm;,l+yD; (3)ESpft=um/ 1979-80 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvf rS Oya'bGJ@(LL.B.)&¶SdcJhonf? 1981 ckESpfrSpI a¶S@aeavmuodk@0ifa&mufcJh+yD;/ txufwef;a¶S@ae/ A[dkw&m; ¶Hk;csKyfa¶S@aetjzpf &mZ0wfr_/ w&m;rr_rsm;pGmudk jrefrmwEdkifiHvHk;¶Sd w&m;¶Hk;rsm;wGif a'ora¶G;vdkufygaqmif ¶GufcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif &efukefa¶S@aersm;tzGJ@ESifh =unfhjrifwdkif+rdK@e,fwdk@rS OD;aqmifyg0ifv_yf¶Sm;cJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf wnfaxmifonfhtcg tzGJ@0iftjzpftqdkjyKcJh+yD;/ pnf;¶Hk;a&;umvwGif =unfhjrifwdkif+rdK@e,ftzGJ@csKyf pDrHa&;&mtzGJ@ twGif;a&;rª; tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ +rdK@e,fyxrt}udrfnDvmcHrS +rdK@e,ftzGJ@csKyf OuUX tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m nDvmcHudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfvnf;aumif; a¶G;cs,fwm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1978 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd =unf@jrifwkdif+rdK@e,f ppfr_xrf;a[mif;tzJG@ ±Hk;tzJGr–;/ oufomvkyfief; twGif;a&;r–;tjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? 'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHopfwnfaqmuf&mwGif wwftm;oa¶G@}udK;yrf;aqmif¶GufEdkifa&;ESifh udkudk;u|ef;+rdK@e,f¶Sd rJqEN ¶Sifrsm;. 'Drdkua&pDvdkvm;aomqENudk tav;xm;aomtm;jzifh udkudk;u|ef;+rdK@e,f jynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKif&ef a¶G;cs,fqENjyKcJhonf? OD;vSoef;onf 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (29)&ufae@u tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm; .aetdrfwGifjyKvkyfaom ,m,Dtpdk;&zJG@pnf;a&;v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;ESifh 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (30) &ufae@ rEWav;taemufawmif+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf±Hk;wGifðyvkyfcJhaom ,m,Dtpdk;&zJG@pnf; a&;v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;odk@wufa&mufcJhojzifh zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD;/ 1990 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (23)&ufae@wGif ppfcHk¶Hk;rS tvkyf=urf;ESifhaxmif'%f(25)ESpf tjypfay;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ODvSoef;onf jypfr_ qkdif&mOya' yk'fr 122 (1)t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cHcJh&ojzifh a&G;aumufyGJOya'yk'fr 11 (n) jzifhndpGef; ojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;y a&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (12)&ufae@wGifa=unmcJhonf? 1996 ckESpfwGif urBmhukvor*~ txl;udk,fpm;vS,f ygarmuQ,dkZdk,dkudkwmxH axmifwGif;rSaeIpma&;om;ay;ydk@r_jzifh aemufxyfaxmif'%f (7)ESpfcsrSwfcHcJh&onf? 1996 ckESpf/ ZGefvtwGif;wGif tjyif;zsm;I tif;pdefaxmifrS &efukefjynfol@aq;¶Hk}uD; ajratmufxyf¶Sd tusOf;om;rsm;aq;ukaqmifodk@ydk@Iaq;ukor_jyKcJh&m 1996 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (2)&ufae@ wGif uG,fvGefoGm;cJhonf?

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¡ =o*kwfv 2 &ufae@u 1990 jynfhESpf a¶G;aumufyGJrSm a¶G;cs,fcH&wJh tifeft,fvf'DtzGJ@0if jynf ol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;vSoef;[m e0w &J@ EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;tjzpfeJ@ &efukefjynfol@aq;¶Hk}uD;rSm uG,fvGefcJhygw,f? oludk,fpm;jyK rJqENe,fjzpfwJh udkudk;u|ef;[m jrefrmEdkifiHwGif;rSm tao;qHk;jzpfayr,fhvnf; vlod trsm;qHk;ae&mjzpfygw,f? tdENd,ork'N&mxJrSm¶SdwJh 'Du|ef;pkav;&J@yifru|ef;[m 1958 ckESpf ppfwyfu yxr OD;qHk;t}udrf tm%modrf;+yD;wJhaemuf EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;udk jypf'%fcsrSwfwJhae&mjzpfwJhtwGuf emrnfqdk;eJ@ausmf=um;cJhygw,f? tJ'Dae&mrSm b,fudkyJ=unfh=unfh om,mvSyaeygw,f? us,fajymvSwJh yifv,fjyif/ jymvJhvJhrdk;aumif;uif/ oJaomifjyifus,f/ avwdkufwdkif;,drf;EGJ@aqmhupm;aewJh tkef;yifawGeJ@ yg? tjypf'%fay;r_awGudk 1960 jynfhESpfawG&J@aemufqHk;ESpfrsm;rSm zsufodrf;vdkuf+yD;/ udkudk;u|ef;[m a&wyfpcef;tjzpf usefcJhygawmhw,f? tkyfcsKyfa&;twGuf vdktyfwJh0efxrf;rsm;/ tkef;vkyfief;vkyfudkifaewJh rdom;pkrsm;om aexdkif=uygawmhw,f? 1990 jynfhESpf pm&if;t& u|ef;ay:rSm vlOD;a& (1000)omomav;yJ ¶Sdygw,f? a¶G;aumufyGJusif;yzdk@ 23 &uftvdkrSm/ 1990 jynfhESpf/ arv (4)&ufae@rSm OD;vSoef;eJ@ tjcm; tifef t,fvf'DtzGJ@0ifav;OD;wdk@[m udkudk;u|ef;udkxGufcGmoGm;cJh=uygw,f? tJ'DrSm olwdk@wawG[m opfuav;/ 0g;uav;eJ@ tajcpdkufpcef;tjzpf bef*vdkav;wckwnfaqmuf+yD;/ olwdk@vm&if;&nf¶G,fcsufaygufajrmuf atmifjrifzdk@twGuf pwifav#mufvSrf;ygawmhw,f? wtdrfwufwtdrfqif; rJqG,fpnf;¶Hk;r_udk cGifhrjyKygbl;? pm¶Gufpmwrf;rsm;jzef@a0jcif;udkvnf; wif; =uyfwJhenf;Oya'rsm;eJ@ wm;jrpfxm;ygw,f? ausmif;q&mwOD;&J@aetdrfudk ESpf}udrfoGm;a&mufvnfywf+yD;wJh aemuf OD;vSoef;tm; jynfol@0efxrf;awG&J@tdrfudkoGm;a&mufvnfywfjcif;rjyKawmhygbl;vdk@ 0efcHwJhvufrSwf xdk;cdkif;ygw,f? OD;vSoef;ujiif;qdkvdkuf+yD; ol[m vlr_a&;t&oGm;a&mufvnfywfwmjzpfw,f/ a¶G;aumufyGJ udpPeJ@vHk;0ywfoufjcif;r¶Sdbl;vdk@ ¶Sif;jycJhygw,f? uef@owfwm;jrpfcsufawG b,fvdkyJrsm;rsm; a=umuf¶GH@pdwfvHk;0r¶SdwJh &J&ifhvSwJh ol&Jaumif;ig;OD; [m olwdk@tzGJ@&J@vkyfief;wm0efrsm;udkxrf;aqmifcJh+yD;/ jynfra'ouEdkifiHa&;wdk;wufajymif;vJr_awGeJ@ a0;uGm ae wJh u|ef;ay:ujynfolawGtwGuf 'Drdkua&pDowif;pum;udk vufqifhurf;EdkifcJh=uygw,f? rkwfokef&moDu pwifaeayr,fhvnf; arv (27)&ufae@ reufae[m awmufypGmxGufay:vmyg awmhw,f? touf(18)ESpfausmfvdk@ rJay;cGifh&=uwJhol (613)OD;¶SdwJhteufu (450)eD;yg;[m u|ef;ay:¶SdrJ¶Hk ESpf¶HkrSm OD;vSoef;eJ@ jrefrmEdkifiHudk(26)ESpf=umtkyfcsKyfcJhwJh jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDudk trnfajymif;xm; wJh wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDuudk,fpm;vS,fwdk@teuf olwdk@ESpfouf&mudkrJay;cJh=uygw,f? rJay; r_awG[m nae(4)em&DavmufrSm+yD;oGm;+yD; n(7)em&DcGJavmufrSm rJa&wGufr_awG+yD;qHk;oGm;cJhygw,f? rJay;ydkifcGifh¶Sdfolpkpkaygif;&J@ (56²94)&mcdkifE_ef;udk tifeft,fvf'D&J@udk,fpm;vS,fu &¶SdcJhygw,f? udkudk; u|ef;urJay;r_udk a¶G;aumufyGJtao;pm;av;vdk@ajym=uayr,fhvnf; OD;vSoef;eJ@ ol@&J@tzGJ@om;awGtwGuf uawmh r[matmifyGJygyJ? olwdk@wawG &efukefudkjyefvmwJhtcgrSm vkyfazmfudkifzufawG axmufcHtm;ay; olawGu ol&Jaumif;awGtjzpf aumif;pGm}udKqdk=uygw,f? v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf ta¶G;cs,fcH&pOfwkef;u OD;vSoef;&J@touf[m (45)ESpfyJ¶Sdygao; w,f? ol[m v,form;rdbESpfyg;u arG;zGm;cJhwmjzpf+yD;/ tv,fwef;ynmtqifhudk armfv+rdKifrSm+yD;qHk;cJhyg w,f? toufESpfq,ft¶G,frSm ol[m a&wyfxJ 0ifa&muftr_xrf;cJhygw,f? &nf¶G,fcsufcdkifrm+yD;/ }udK;pm; wJhvli,fav;[m ynm&J@wefbdk;udk aumif;pGmem;vnf,Hk=unfwJhtwGuf a&wyfxJrSmtr_xrf;aepOfumv twGif;rSm ynmudkqufvufavhvmoif,l+yD;/ txufwef;pmar;yGJudk 1975 ckESpfrSm atmifjrifcJhygw,f? 1977 ckESpfrSm a&wyfuaet+idrf;pm;,l+yD;aemuf Oya'ynm&yfudk qufvufavhvmcJh&m 1980 jynfhESpfrSm &efukefwuUodkvfu Oya'bGJ@udk&cJhygw,f? - 229 -

1988 ckESpf 'Drdkua&pDv_yf¶Sm;r_}uD;rSm OD;vSoef;[m &efukefa¶S@aersm;toif;uae wufºuGpGmyg0if v_yf¶Sm;cJhygw,f? aemufydkif;rSm tifeft,fvf'DtzGJ@xJ0ifa&mufvm+yD; &efukefwdkif;twGif; ta&;t}uD;qHk; +rdK@e,fawGxJu +rdK@e,fwck&J@ ygwDOuUX jzpfvmygw,f? a¶G;aumufyGJtwGuf jyifqifr_awGpwifwJhtcg olu EdkifiHa&;t& Edk;=um;r_odyfr¶SdwJh udkudk;u|ef;rJqENe,fajr&J@ udk,fpm;vS,t f jzpf ta¶G;cHr,fvdk@ tqdkjyKygw,f/ ol@tqdkjyKcsufudk tm;vHk;u0rf;ajrmuf0rf;ompGmeJ@ vufcH=uygw,f? a¶G;aumufyGJ&v'fw&m;0ifxkwfjyefa=unmr_[m &ufowWywftenf;i,f=umayr,fhvnf; tifef t,fvf'D[m jywfjywfom;om;tEdkif&cJhw,fqdkwm tm;vHk;odcJh=uygw,f? wwdkif;jynfvHk;aysmf¶$ifae=uyg w,f? q,fpkESpfoHk;cktwGif; yxrqHk;usif;ywJh 'Drdkua&pDuswJha¶G;aumufyGJuxGufvmwJh &v'ftwGuf*k%f ,lae=uygw,f? t&nftcsif;¶Sd+yD; tm;udk;&wJhtpdk;&rsdK;/ jynfwGif;ua&m jynfyuyg ,Hk=unfav;pm;r_udk& r,fhtpdk;&rsdK;/ aemufqHk;rSm ay:xGufvm+yDqdkwJh ,Hk=unfr_eJ@twl tem*wftwGufar#mfvifhcsufawG tjynfh eJ@ygyJ? aemufydkif;rSm jrefrmjynfxJu tenf;i,faom vlwcsKd @[m t¶Sufr¶SdqHk;/ oduQmtrJhqHk;vkyf&yfawG eJ@ jynfolvlxktay: vdrfnmvSnfhpm;awmhr,fqdk+yD; oHo,awG¶SdcJhygw,f? wcsdK@awGtaeeJ@ tm%mudk 'Drdk ua&pDenf;usus v$Jay;r,fqdkwJh uwdpum;awG[m udkudk;u|ef;urf;ajcwav#muf avwdkufvdk@vGifharsmae wJh tkef;¶GufajcmufawGeJ@rjcm; jzpfawmhrSmyJvdk@ em;vnfvm=uygw,f? a¶G;aumufyGJ+yD;vdk@ (2)v=umvmyg+yD/ e0w[m tm%mudkpGef@v$wfzdk@ t&dyfvuQ%mvnf;rjyyg bl;? v$wfawmfac:,lusif;yzdk@udkvnf; rpDpOfygbl;? EdkifiHa&;&moDOwkom pwiftHk@r_dif;vmygawmhw,f? puf wifbmvrSm bbOD;=unfarmifeJ@ tifeft,fvf'D&J@t"duuswJh tjcm;tzGJ@0ifawG tzrf;cH&wJhtcsdefrSmawmh tHk@r_dif;aewJh&moDOwk[m ydkrdkqdk;¶Gm;vmygawmhw,f? aemufvrSmawmh OD;vSoef;tygt0if v$wfawmfudk,f pm;vS,ftawmfrsm;rsm;[m tzrf;cH=u&ygw,f? OD;vSoef;[m 1991 ckESpf/ {+yDvrSm ppfcHk¶Hk;wifw&m;pGJqdkcH &+yD; pif+ydKiftpdk;&xlaxmifa&;rSm yl;aygif;yg0ifywfoufw,fvdk@qdkum tvkyf=urf;eJ@axmif'%f(25)ESpf cs rSwfjcif;udkcHcJh&ygw,f? tckig;ESp=f umcJhyg+yD/ rSefuefr_r¶SdwJh Oya'a&;&mtpDtpOf&J@ &ufpuf=urf;=uKwfwJh w&m;pD&ifr_pepf&J@om;aumiftjzpfeJ@ olaoqHk;oGm;cJh&yg+yD? - a':atmifqef;pk=unf. “jrefrmjynfuvmwJhpm” tusOf;axmifwGif;aoqHk;jcif;(1) =o*kwfv (2)&ufae@rSm vuf¶SdjrefrmEdkifiHudktkyfcsKyfaewJh ppftpdk;&&J@ EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;tjzpfeJ@ aoqHk;oGm;wJh udkudk;u|ef;rJqENe,frS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f tifeft,fvf'DtzGJ@0if OD;vSoef;&J@ao pm&if;rSwfwrf;rSm wDbDa&m*geJ@ HIV a&m*gydk;ul;pufr_wdk@a=umifh aoqHk;cJh&w,fvdk@ azmfjyxm;ygw,f? wdkufwdkufqdkifqdkif olaoqHk;wJhae@rSmyJ befaumufu The Nation owif;pmrSm OD;vSoef; (6)ESpfeD;yg;tusOf;uscHcJh&wJh tif;pdefaxmifwGif;eJ@ jrefrmjynfwGif;utusOf;axmifawGta=umif; ¶Sif;vif; ajymjyxm;wJh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifwOD;&J@ tpD&ifcHpmwapmif (Cries from Insein) ygvmygw,f? tJ'DtpD&ifcHpmu aq;0g;rSefuefpGmoHk;pGJr_r¶Sdjcif;a=umifh tusOf;axmifwGif;rSm HIV eJ@ AIDS a&m*gjyef@yGm;r_awG wdk;wufrsm;jym;aew,fvdk@qdkygw,f? aq;xdk;r_awGjyKvkyfwJhtcg q&m0efawG[m vlem wa,mufudk aq;ykvif;&J@w0uf 'grSr[kwf w0ufxufav#mhenf;pGm xdk;ay;+yD;wJhaemuf usefwJhaq;udk aemufvlemwa,mufudk 'Daq;xdk;tyf/ aq;xdk;¹yGefeJ@yJ qufvufxdk;ay;wJhtwGuf aoG;uwqifhjyef@yGm;Edkif wJh b,ful;pufa&m*grqdk ul;pufjyef@yGm;zdk@&m aomcsmygw,fvdk@ qdkygw,f? vGwfvyfwJhtzGJ@tpnf;awG&J@ =unfh¶_@ppfaq;r_r¶SdwJh jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;u tusOf;axmifrsm;&J@ qdk; ¶Gm;vSwJh tajctaeawGa=umifh OD;vSoef;aoqHk;&jcif;jzpfw,fvdk@ oHo,¶SdEdkifygw,f? 1995 ckESpfrSm EdkifiH wum=uufajceDtoif;}uD; jrefrmEdkifiHuaexGufcGmoGm;&jcif;[m tm%mydkifawGu tusOf;axmifwGif;rS tajctaeawGudk =unfh¶_ppfaq;cGifhray;wJhtwGuf jzpfygw,f?

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trSefawmh OD;vSoef;[m e0w&J@ tusOf;axmiftwGif;rSm ,Hk=unfcsufa=umifh tusOf;uscHae&ol awGxJu yxrOD;qHk; aoqHk;&olr[kwfygbl;? udk,fh&J@ EdkifiHa&;,Hk=unfcsufudk +rJ+rHpGmpGJudkif&if; toufay; oGm;=uwJholawGxJrSm tifeft,fvf'Duacgif;aqmifwcsdK@vnf; yg0ifygw,f? - a':atmifqef;pk=unf. “jrefrmjynfuvmwJhpm” tusOf;axmifwGif;aoqHk;jcif;(2) ¢ 9? c&rf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;ausmfoGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmfoGifonf c&rf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(21278)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²01)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz ocifarmifarmif}uD;/ trd a':jr[efwdk@rS 1955 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (12)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;ausmfoGifonf 1967 ckESpf w¶kwf-jrefrmta&;tcif;wGif txu(1) ti,fwef;ausmif;om;aumfrwD0if tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1974 ckESpf 'DZifbm OD;oef@ta&;tcif;wGif rEWav;aqmifaumfrwD0iftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1975 ckESpfwGif blrdaA't"dujzifh &efukefwuUodkvfodk@a&muf¶SdcJhonf? 1975 ckESpf ODoef@ta&;tcif;wGifyg0ifv_yf&Sm;cJh+yD;/ OD;oef@ta&;tcif;rSwqifh ausmif;om;rsm;tm;pnf;¶Hk;awmcdkcJhojzifh rw&m;oif;tuf Oya' yk'fr 17 (1)(2) jzifh axmif'%f(3)ESpftjypfay;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1977 ckESpfwGif axmifrSvGwfcJh+yD; udk,fydkifenf;jyoifwef;zGifhvSpfvkyfudkifcJhonf? 1980-81 ckESpfwGif pmay;pm,ljzifh Oya'bmomoif,lcJhonf? Oya'wwd,ESpftxda&muf&SdcJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pD ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif c&rf;+rdK@e,f wyfaygif;pkoydwfaumfrwD wGJzuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;tjzpf yg0if aqmif¶GufcJhonf? c&rf;+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif +rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;wm0efcHtjzpf aqmif¶Guf cJhonf? OD;ausmfoGifonf 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (29)&ufae@u tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrfwGifjyKvkyfaom ,m,Dtpdk;&zJG@pnf;a&;v#dK@0Suftpnf; ta0;odk@ wufa&mufcJhonf? ,if;okd@wufa&mufcJhonfhta=umif;ESifh tpnf;ta0;tajctae ta=umif;pHk udk 1990 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdk bmv (1)&ufae@wGif c&rf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) jynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,f OD;wifarmif0if;xHodk@ oGm;a&muftoday;cJhonf? xdk@twGufoufqdkif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif; cHcJh&onf? OD;ausmfoGifonf jypfr_qdkif&m Oya'yk'fr 122 (1)t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&+yD; axmif'%f(25) ESpfcsrSwftjypfay;jcif;cHcJh&onf? a&G;aumufyGJOya'yk'fr 11 (n)ESifhndpGef;ojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm; vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZif bmv (18)&ufae@wGif a=unmcJhonf? aemifwGifjyKvkyfrnfha¶G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwf yifcJhonf? 2004 ckESpf/ {+yDv (7)&ufae@wGif xdkif;-jrefrme,fpyf vGwfajrmufe,fajrwae&modk@ a&muf¶Sd vmcJhonf? 10? c&rf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2)? OD;wifarmif0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifarmif0if;onf c&rf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(17428)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(60²43)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? c&rf;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1940 jynfhESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (8)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;[email protected];jzpfonf? OD;wifarmif0if;onff c&rf;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ a&ausmfrufo'pfESifh +rdK@rtrsdK;om;ausmif;wdk@wGif - 231 -

q,fwef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;aemuf 1957-58 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfodk@wuf a&mufcJhonf? c&rf;+rdK@e,fausmif;om;or*~ twGif;a&;r–;/ wuUodkvfc&rf;+rdK@e,ftoif;/ [Hom0wDc±dkif toif;/ uavmif&Siftoif;/ o[m,ESifhpmzwftoif;rsm;wGif a&S@wef;uyg0ifI Auorsm;tzJG@csKyfESifh wuotzJG@0if/ ausmif;om;nD!Gwfa&;wyfOD; wGJzuftwGif;a&;r–;ESifh obmywdtzJG@0if/ 1962 ckESpf/ Zlvdkfif ta&;tcif;wGif &efukefwuUodkvf ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;umuG,fr_wdkufyJGaumfrwD OuUX/ 1963 ckESpfrS 1970 jynfhESpftxd vHk+cHKa&;yk'fr(5)jzifhzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? axmifrSvGwf+yD;aemuf c&rf;+rdK@e,f&Sd rdom;pkydkifqefpufwGif refae*smtjzpfvkyfudkifcJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&; awmfyHk}uD;wGif ppf+yD;acwfESifhvGwfvyfa&;acwf ausmif;om;or*~0ifa[mif;rsm;aumfrwDwGif yg0ifv_yf&Sm;cJh onf? ta&;awmfyHk}uD;t+yD; EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;zGJ‹pnf;wnfaxmifaomtcg trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ‹csKyfY yg0ifcJh+yD; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf &efukefwdkif;pnf;tzJG@0iftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? c&rf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)rS ODwifarmif0if;ESifh,SOf+ydKifbuf wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDrS OD;aZmf0if;(t+idrf;pm; Adkvfr–;}uD;aZmf0if;) rqvacwf EdkifiHawmfaumifpD0ifa[mif;. nDt&if;jzpfonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdk bmvwGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf; axmif'%fcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&+yD; e0wppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rsm;. !‡if;yef;ESdyfpufr_ a=umifh 1991 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (18)&ufae‹wGif axmifwGif;YaoqHk;oGm;cJhonf? OD;wifarmif0if;. ZeD;rSm pma&;q&mr ,k0wDcifv_dif=uLjzpf+yD; om;orD;(2)a,mufusef&pfcJhonf? ¡ 1990 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmveJ@ Edk0ifbmvrsm;rSmawmh e0w[m 'Drdkua&pDv_yg¶Sm;r_udk t}uD; tus,fESdrfeif;r_rsm;jyKvkyfcJhygw,f? tJ'DvawGrSm jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fawGjzpf=uwJh tifeft,f vf'DtzGJ@0ifawG[m tzrf;cH=u&+yD; tif;pdefaxmifudk a&mufukef=uygw,f? 'Dvdktzrf;cH&wJhvlawGtxJrSm 'Drdku&ufwpftpdk;&zGJ@zdk@ jynfolvlxkua¶G;cs,fcJhayr,fhvnf; ppftpdk;&&J@pGJcsufwif tjypf'%fcsrSwfcH&wJh c&rf;+rdK@e,fu OD;wifarmif0if;vnf;yg0ifygw,f? ol[m 1950 ckESpfawG&J@tqH;k ydkif;awGeJ@ 1960 ckESpfawG&J@ tpydkif;awGrSm vlodrsm;ausmf=um;cJhwJh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfygw,f? 1962 ckESpfrSm ppfwyfu tm%modrf;r_udk ausmif;om;rsm;qef@usifcJh=uwkef;u ol[m ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; ckcHumuG,fr_aumf rDwD OuUX jzpfcJhygw,f? aemufESpfrSmawmh &efukefwuUodkvfausmif;om;or*~&J@ acgif;aqmifwa,muf tjzpfeJ@ zrf;qD;cH&ygawmhw,f? OD;wifarmif0if;[m axmif(7)ESpu f scJhygw,f? 'gayr,fh 'DvdktawG@t}uHK/ jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOf atmufrSm ESpfaygif;(25)ESpfausmf=um b0wckvHk;aovkeD;yg;jzpfcJh&wmawGu ol@&J@cdkifrmwJh EdkifiHa&;,Hk=unf csufudk aoatmifrowfEdkifcJhygbl;? 1988 'Drdkua&pDv_yf¶Sm;r_rSm OD;wifarmif0if;[m wjcm;ausmif;om; acgif;aqmifa[mif;awGeJ@twl yg0ifv_yf¶Sm;cJhygw,f? 1990 ckESpfa¶G;aumufyGJrSm ol[m ol@&J@Zmwdc&rf;+rdK@ e,fuae tifeft,fvf'Dudk udk,fpm;jyK+yD; 'Drdku&ufwpfygwDrsm;&J@ t"du&efoljzpfwJh wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk; nD!Gwfa&;ygwDrS0ifa&mufta¶G;cHcJhol ol@&J@tudkt&if;eJ@ ,SOf+ydKifta¶G;cHcJhygw,f? a¶G;aumufyGJrSmtEdkif&+yD; (5)vt=umrSm ol[mtzrf;cH&ygawmhw,f? OD;wifarmif0if;[m tif;pdefaxmifudktydk@rcH&rD ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;&J@ ppfaq;ar;jref;&mXmecsKyfjzpf wJh a&=unftdkifrSm wvcef@aecJh&ygw,f? 1991 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&DvrSm ol@udk}uD;av;wJhtjypf'%fcsrSwfwJh tcsdefrSm ol[mvGefpGmrusef;rrmjzpfaewJhtwGufcHk¶Hk;udkrwufa&mufEdkifcJhygbl;? ol[m Zefe0g&Dv (18)&uf ae@rSm aoqHk;cJhygw,f? tm%mydkifawGu ol[maoG;uifqmeJ@aoqHk;cJhw,fvdk@qdkygw,f? 'gayr,fh vGefcJhwJh (4)v axmifrusrDwkef;u ol@rSm 'DvdktouftEW&m,fudkxdcdkufEdkifavmufwJha&m*g cHpm;ae&w,fqdkwJh vuQ%mrsdK; r¶SdcJhygbl;? o+*õK[fjcif;rjyKrD ol@&J@¶kyftavmif;uddkawG@jrifcJh&olrsm;u ol[m axmifwGif;rSmESdyf pufcH&wJh'%f&mawGa=umifh aoqHk;&jcif;jzpfw,fvdk@qdk=uygw,f? - a':atmifqef;pk=unf. “jrefrmjynfuvmwJhpm” tusOf;axmifwGif;aoqHk;jcif;(3)rS ² ² ² ¢ 11? prf;acsmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? - 232 -

OD;cifarmifaqG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifarmifaqGonf prf;acsmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckfdifvHkrJ(28944)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(76²64)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;armifat;/ trd a':wif=unfwdk@rS 1942 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (20)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? {&m0wDwdkif;/ ig;odkif;acsmif;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;cifarmifaqG onf 1960 jynfhESpfwGif t*FvdkAmeDusLvmrpf&Sifausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhI &efukefwuUodkvfwGif 1961 ckESpfrS 1966 ckESpftxd ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ bDtufpD(blrdaA')bJG@udk a&eHvkyfief;qdkif&mbmomwGJjzif;&¶SdcJhonf? &efukefwuUodkvfYynmoif=um;aepOf ykodrfc¶dkifausmif;om;rsm;toif; pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;/ bmom&yfqdkif&mtoif;rsm;. tr_aqmiftzGJ@0ifESifh &efukef wuUodkvfausmif;om;or*~(wuo)0iftjzpf 1962 ckESpf/ ausmif;om;v_yf¶mS ;r_rsm;wGif yg0ifcJhonf? 1966 ckESpfwGif jrefrmha&eHaumfydka&;¶Sif;Y tvkyfoift&m¶Sdtjzpf pwifxrf;aqmifcJh+yD;/ 1966 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd jrefrmjynftESH a&eH¶SmazGwl;azmfxkwfvkyfa&;qdkif&mvkyfief;rsm;udk tvkyfoifblrdaA't&m&Sd/ 'kblrdaA't&m&Sd/ t}uD;wef;blrdaA't&m&Sdponfjzifh aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1978 ckESpfwGif pifumylEdkifiHwGif usif;yaom a&eHwGif;wl;azmfa&;ESifha&eHwGif;aygufuGJr_xdef;odrf;a&;qdkif&m vkyfief;cGifoifwef;odk@wufa&muf cJhonf? 1986 ckESpfwGif tar&duefjynfaxmifpk/ wufqufpfjynfe,f/ wJvfqmwuUodkvfwGif a&eH¶SmazGwl; azmfxkwfvkyfjcif;ESifha&eHajrzGH@+zdK;jcif;qdkif&m'Dyvdkrmtqifhoifwef;odk@ wufa&mufatmifjrifcJhonf? txuf jrefrmjynf a&eHajrrsm;zGJ@+zdK;a&;ESifh a&eHESifhobm0"mwfaiG@wl;azmfxkwfvkyfa&;qdkif&m t}uD;wef;blrdaA' t&m¶Sdtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;ay: aygufvm&m acsmuf/ a&eHacsmif;/ jynf/ jrefatmif/ ref;ESifhaxmuf¶Smyif a&eHajrtvkyform;or*~rsm;udk pkpnf;vufwGJI jrefrmha&eHaumfydka&;¶Sif;(¶Hk;csKyf) tvkyform;or*~ twGif;a&;r–;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (3)&ufae@wGif 0efxrf;tm;vHk;vkyfcGifodk@ jyefvnfwufa&muf&ef e0w xkwf jyefcsufudkrvkdufemcJhI tvkyfxkwfy,fjcif;cHcJh&onf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r–; a':atmifqef;pk=unf. ac:,lwm0efay;csuft& 1988 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmvwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf A[dkOD;pD;tzJG@0iftjzpf tzGJ@csKyfwm0efrsm;udk pwifxrf;aqmifcJhonf? yxrt}udrf A[dkOD;pD;tzGJ@ tpnf;ta0;rS rauG;wdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;wm0efcHtjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cH&+yD;/ rauG;wdkif;(25)+rdK@e,ftwGif; pnf;¶Hk;a&;vkyfief;rsm; v_yf¶Sm;aqmif¶GufcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfY A[dkOD;pD;tzGJ@0iftjzpfvnf; aumif;/ prf;acsmif;+rdK@e,ftzGJ@0iftjzpfvnf;aumif; aqmif¶GufcJhI 1989 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (20)&ufae@ eHeuf ydkif; wm;qD;rcH&rDtcsdefwGif a':atmifqef;pk=unf wdk;csJ@zGJ@pnf;ay;aom tvkyftr_aqmiftzJG@wGif tzGJ@0if tjzpf wdk;jr‡ifhwm0efay;tyfjcif;cH&onf? A[dkvkyfief;tzJG@(tvkyform;) tzJG0ifESifh A[dkowif;ESifhjyef=um; a&;tzJG@ OuUX tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (5)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,f OD;vSxGef;(=unfhjrifwdkif)rS OD;cifarmifaqGtm; ,m,Dtpdk;&zGJ@pnf;a&; v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0; udpPrsm;udkvnf;aumif;/ ,m,Dtpdk;&tzJG@wGif OD;cifarmifaqGtm; 0ef}uD;wpfae&mvsmxm;jcif;udpPwkd@udk vnf;aumif; today;cJhonf? ,if;udpPESifhywfoufI OD;cifarmifaqGudkoufqkdif&mrS 1991 ckESpf/ {+yDvwGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;cJhonf? ,if;aemuf OD;cifarmifaqGonf jypfr_qdkif&mOya'yk'fr 122 (1) t& 1990 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (23)&ufae@wGif axmif'%f(10)ESpfcsrSwfcJhonf? a&G;aumufyGJOya'yk'fr 11 (n) ESifh +idpGef; ojzifhjynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;y a&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (18)&ufae@ae@wGifa=unmcJhonf? aemifwGifjyKvkyfrnfh a¶G;aumufyGJ rsm;Yyg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ arv (1)&ufae@wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrS jyef vGwfonf? 1994 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (5)&ufae@wGif a'gufwmcifaZmf0if;udpPESifhywfoufI zrf;qD;xdef;odrf; jcif;cHcJh&+yD; axmif'%f (7)ESpfcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&onf? - 233 -

12? qdyfurf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? a':pef;pef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a':pef;pef;onf qdyfurf;rJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI0if a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(615)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mE_ef;(59²25)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz uG,fvGefol pma&;q&m(ykvdyft&m&SdwpfOD;trnfcH) c¶dkif&J0efOD;baomf(jypfr_r*~Zif;wnfaxmifol)/ trd a':rrav;(jypfr_r*~Zif;wm0efcHxkwfa0ol)wdk@rS 1932 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (10)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? arG; csif;(5)a,mufteuf wwd,ajrmufjzpfonf? tpfudk(2)OD;rSm uG,fvGefol trsdK;om;pmayqk& pma&;q&m ESifhowif;pmq&m pdefcifarmif&DESifh *g'D,ef;owif;axmufcsKyf OD;cifarmif=unfwdk@jzpfonf? rHk&Gm+rdK@/ tvHkZmwdjzpfonf? i,fpOfu rHk¶Gm+rdK@/ trsdK;om;tv,fwef;ausmif;/ Ak'
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ao;onfhjypf'%frsm;tm; jyefvnfuscHcJh&+yD;/ 2001 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (13)&ufae@wGifjyefvnfvGwfajrmufcJh onf? 2003 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (1)&ufae@wGif xdkif;-jrefrme,fpyf vGwfajrmufe,fajrodk@a&muf¶SdcJhonf? 13? qdyf}uD;caemifwdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? a'gufwmpdef0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmpdef0if;onf qdyf}uD;caemifwdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(4047)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(51²36)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? &efukef+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1958 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (21)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;!Gef.om;jzpf onf? a'gufwmpdef0if;onf 1982 ckESpfwGif aq;wuUodkvf(1)&efukefrS q&m0efbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1982 ckESpfrS 1983 ckESpftxd tvkyfoifq&m0ef/ 1983 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd jyifyaq;ukcef;q&m0ef/ 1985 ckESpfwGif vufaxmufq&m0ef/ usef;rma&;0ef}uD;Xme/ 1985 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd jrefrmEkdifiHppfr_xrf;Oya' (1959)t& umuG,fa&;0ef}uDXme jynfol@ppfr_xrf;q&mef/ aq;wuUodkvf(1)r*~Zif; pmwnf;tzJG@0ifESifh tEkynmtoif; tr_aqmifvkyfcJhonf? 14? wmarG+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;vSodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSodef;onf wmarG+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh cdkifvHkrJ(25765)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(77²8)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1951 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (10)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? atmifwif.om;jzpfonf? OD;vSodef;onf e0rwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif yg0ifcJh onf? wmarG+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 15? wmarG+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;odef;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;odef;jrifhonf wmarG+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(17261)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(67²63)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1950 jynfhESpf/ arv (5)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;wifa&$.om;jzpfonf? OD;odef;jrifhonf bDtufpD/ tdyfcsf*sDyD/ tm&ft,fvf (2)bGJ@&cJhonf// 1967 ckESpfrS 1972 ckESpftxd vlr_0efxrf;apwemtru q&mESifhausmif;tkyf/ 1972 ckESpfrS 1984 ckESpftxd “tm;opf”usL&Sif udk,fydkifvkyfief;/ 1976 ckESpfwGif tdk;pk&yfuGufor0g,r wGJzuftwGif;a&;r–;/ 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif yg0ifcJhonf? 16? wGHaw;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;omqdkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

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OD;omqdkifonf wGHaw;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(24577)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(62²82)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf// tz OD;omydk/ trd a':pdfefarwdk@rS 1946 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (24)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;omqdkifonf +rdK@rtxufwef;ausmif;(&efukef)ESifh &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfwGif ordkif;t"dujzifh 0dZ…mwwd,ESpftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf wGHaw;+rdK@e,fwGifwm0ef,lcJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHkumvwGif cavmufcsdKufwdkufe,fwGif a&S@wef;rSwufwufºuGºuGyg0ifcJh onf? OD;omqdkifonf 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (30)&ufae@wGif rEWav;taemufawmif+rdK@e,f trsdK; om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf¶Hk;wGifðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpdk;&zJG@pnf;a&;v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;odk@ wufa&mufcJhojzifh oufqdkif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;Iaxmif'%fcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&onf// xdk@twGuf OD;omqdkifonf jypfr_qdkif&mOya' yk'fr 122 (1)t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyGJOya'yk'fr 11 (n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh jynfol@ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif rS 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (2)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(995)jzifh a=unmcJhonf? aemifjyKvkyfrnfh a¶G; aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ ZGefv (2)&ufae@wGif tif;pdeftusOf; axmifrS jyefvGwfonf? 17? wGHaw;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;jrv_dif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrv_difonf wGHaw;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(20919)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(58²22)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1935 ckESpf/ rwfv (13)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;pHb.om;jzpfonf? wGHaw;+rdK@e,f a&wGif;ukef;aus;&GmZmwd jzpfonf? OD;jrvd_ifonf Oypm 0dZ…m(c)txdynmoif=um;cJhonf// 1968 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd awmifil c¶dkif/ xef;wyif+rdK@e,f ygwD,lepfaumfrwD0if/ +rdK@e,fygwD,lepf OuUX/ usef;rma&;raumif;ojzifh 1978 ckESpf wGifvkyfxHk;vkyfenf;ESifhtnDEkwfxGufcJhonf? 1980 jynfhESpfwGif a&wGif;ukef;aus;¶GmY udk,fydkifv,f,m vkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 18? wdkuf}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;vSxGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSxGef;onf wkduf}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(24596)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(61²72)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? wkduf}uD;+rdK@e,f/ tdkifuavmifaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;avmufuH/ trd a':aiG&Dwdk@rS 1932 ckESpf/ {+yDv (3)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;vSxGef;onf 1957 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfrS 0dZ…mbJG@udkvnf; aumif;/ 1968 ckESpfwGif Oya'0dZ…mbJG@udkvnf;aumif;&¶SdcJhonf? ausmif;om;b0wGif wkduf}uD;+rdK@e,f ausmif;om;or*~ twGif;a&;r–;/ tif;pdefc¶dkifausmif;om;or*~ OuUX/ &efukefwuUodkvf wkd;wufaom ausmif;om;tiftm;pk tzJG@0if/ ArmEkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;or*~ 'kwd,OuUX tjzpfaqmif&GufcJh onf? 1964-65 ckESpfwGif tif;pdef+rdK@e,f/ q-p-w-u OuUX/ 1966 ckESpfrS 1977 ckESpftxd ygwD,lepf OuUX/ t&efA[dkaumfrwD0if/ &efukefwkdif;a'oygwDaumfrwD0if/ 1977 ckESpfwGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOf ygwDrS tem;ay;jcif;cH&onf? xdk@aemuf w&m;¶Hk;csKyfa&S@aetjzpf vkdufygaqmif¶Gufonf? - 236 -

19? wdkuf=uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? a':pefar(a&$ularESif;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a':pefar(a&$ularESif;)onf wkduf}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tm;udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(19866)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(51²9)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? a&$ul+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;pdef.orD;jzpfonf? 1939 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (15)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? 0dZ…mbGJ@&cJhonf? a':pefaronf tv,fwef;jyausmif;q&mr/ txufwef;jyausmif;q&mr/ jrefrmhtoH 0efxrf;/ pma&;q&mpaomb0rsm;udkjzwfoef;vmcJhonf// trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsdK;orD;A[dk vkyfief;tzJG@acgif;aqmif wm0ef,lcJhonf? jypfr_qdkif&mOya'yk'fr 193 ('kwd,ydkif;)t& jypf'%fcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh &I 1991 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (25) &ufae@wGif v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,fzsufcHcJh&onf? 28/ Áp rel="nofollow">m &mrvrf;/ 0*~D&dyfom/ urm&Gwf+rdK@e,f/ &efukefwGifaexdkifcJh&mrS 2002 ckESpfwGif tqdkyg jynfvrf;ab;¶Sd 0*~D&yfuGuftm; &efukef+rdK@awmfpnfyifom,ma&;aumf rwDESifhyk*~vduuefx¶dkufwmrsm;yl;aygif;I t"rR odrf;,l&eftwGuf trSwf(3)ppfa'orª; Adkvfrª;}uD;&efEdkifOD;rS {+yDv (5)&ufae@aemufqHk;xm; a¶$@ajymif;cdkif; onfudkrvdkufemojzifh noef;aumiftcsdef ppfwyfESifh0dki;f I nwGif;csif;aetdrfrsm;udkzsufqD;/ ypPnf;rsm;udk pvif;uGif;twGif;pkyHkxm;+yD; ESifxkwfcJhojzifh ajymif;a¶$@ay;cJh&onf? 20? awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;pdk;jrifh(c)ocifpdk;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdk;jrifh(c)ocifpdk;jrifhonf awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(13959)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(72²29)jzifh a&G;cs,fwif ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1923 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (16)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;&Sdef.om;jzpfonf? OD;pdk;jrifh(c) ocif pdk;jrifhonf ajrmif;jr+rdK@wGif t*Fvdyf-jrefrm (6)wef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? ajrmif;jr+rdK@e,f wkd@Armtpnf;t¶Hk; twGif;a&;r–;/ e,fcsJ@ESifhzufqpfawmfvSefa&;ajratmufacgif;aqmif/ ArmhumuG,fa&; wyfrawmf(bD'Dat) wyf&if;r–;/ ykodrfc¶dkif jrpf0u|ef;ay:wkdif; ppfaumfrwD0if/ jynfol@ta&;awmfyHkygwD wnfaxmif&m wGifyg0ifcJh+yD;/ qdk&S,fvpfygwD ajrmif;jrc¶fdkif OuUXESifh A[dkOD;pD;tzJG@0if/ z-q-y-v A[dkOD;pD;/ A-w-v-p A[dktvkyftr_aqmif/ qdk&S,feD A[dkaumfrwD0if/ jynfol@vli,ftzJG@csKyf 'kwd,OuUX/ 1953 ckESpf AD,ifem urBmhvli,fnDvmcHoGm; udk,fpm;vS,f/ vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if(yxrqifh)&cJhonf? t,f'Dwm/ pmðy/ (17) vkdif;tkyfcsKyfa&;r–;ponfjzifh b0rsm;pGmusifvnfcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dktr_aqmif/ A[dkv,form;rsm;tzJG@ acgif;aqmif/ &efukefwdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD OuUX wm0ef,lcJhonf? ocifpkd;jrifhonf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. *ENDqHk;jzwfcsuftwdkif; e0w u v$wfawmfac:,lcGifhray;v#if vkyfaqmifoifh onfenf;vrf;oHk;oG,f pmwrf;ukda&;om;ðypk&mwGifyg0ifcJojzifh oufqdkif&mrSacwWzrf;qD; xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1991 ckESpf/ rwfv (26)&uf ae@wGifjyefvnfzGJ@pnf;onfh A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@ wGif tzGJ@0iftjzpfwdk;jr‡ifhwm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (16)&ufae@wGif zGJ@pnf; cJhonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwDwGif tzGJ@0ifjzpfvmcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ arv (30)&ufae@wGif jzpfyGm;cJhonfh 'DyJ,if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vkyf}uHwdkufcdkufowfjzwfr_jzpfyGm;pOf etz rS aetdrftus,fcsKyfjzifh xdef;odrf;xm;cJh&mrS 2003 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (23)&ufae@wGif jyefvGwfonf?

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21? awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;cifarmifausmf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifarmifausmfonf awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(35395)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(73²25)jzifh a&G;cs,fwif ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1937 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (20)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? awmifom+rdK@e,f/ qDrD;uef&GmZmwd jzpfonf? OD;aomif;.om;jzpfonf? OD;cifarmifausmfonf 1953 ckESpfwGif wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJhI 1959 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfrS tif*sifeD,m(pufr_)bJG@ B.sc.,(Mach) &¶SdcJhonf? 1959 ckESpf/ {+yDv (10) &ufae@wGif wyfrawmf(=unf;) v#yfppfESifhpufr_tif*sifeD,mwyfzJG@wGif jyefwrf;0ifAdkvf/ 1964 ckESpf/ pufwif bmv (18)&ufae@wGif Adkvf}uD;/ 1972 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (20)&ufae@wGif Adkvfr–;/ 1978 ckESpf/ rwfv (2)&uf ae@wGif 'kwd,Adkvfr–;}uD;/ 1981 ckESpfESifh 1984 ckESpfwdk@wGif ppfpnf;urf;t&ta&;,lcHcJh&+yD; wyfrawmfrSE_wfxGufcJh&onf? ,if;aemuf tiSm;,mOfarmif;b0jzifhtoufarG;cJhonf? ,if;onf “trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftwGif; 'Drdkua&pDusifhpOfrsm;ESifhqef@usifv#uf rdrdae&m&&Sda&;twGuf wpfOD;ESifh wpfOD; yk*~dKvfa&;wkdufcdkufr_rsm;usifhoHk;vmonfhtwGuf trsdK;om;'[email protected];aqmifr_ tay: wGif r,Hk=unfawmhojzifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSE_wfxGufcGifhðyyg&ef”aumfr&SifxHwifjyvmI aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (28)&ufae@wGif v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSE_wfxGufcGifhðya=umif; a=unmcsuftrSwf(961) jzifha=unmcJhonf? 22? xef;wyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;wifudkudk/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifudkudkonf xef;wyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(26667)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(66²83)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;ydkif/ trd a':wifwif}uD;wkd@rS 1923 ckESpf/ rwfv (18)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;wifudkudkonf A[dktrsdK;om;txufwef;ausmif;/ rEWav;rS q,fwef;atmif+yD;aemuf 1948 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfY Oypmtxufwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1949 ckESpfrS 1973 ckESpftxd 'kwd,AdkvfrS 'kwd,Adkvfr–;}uD; txd umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme/ taemufajrmufwdkif;ppfXmecsKyf/ 1973 ckESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd OD;aqmif !$ef=um;a&;r–;/ owWKwGif;0ef}uD;Xme/ 1980 jynfhESpfrS 1984 ckESpftxdA[ef;+rdK@e,fw&m;ol}uD;/ 1988 ckESpf/ rwfvrS =o*kwfvtwGif; wyfrawmfwyfr–;a[mif;rsm;tzJG@A[dkaumfrwD(jyef=um;a&;)tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJh onf? 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (6)&ufae@wGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;(,if;wdk@tac: {nfh a*[m)wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;cJh&mrS 1999 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&DvwGif usef;rma&;tajctaeqdk;0g;ojzifh aetdrfjyefydk@cJhonf? aetdrfwGif aq;ukor_cHae&mrS 1999 ckESpf/ arv (30)&ufae@wGif uG,fvGefonf? 23? '*Hk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;atmifaZmf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifaZmfonf '*Hk+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI0if a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(6512)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(46²65)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? - 238 -

OD;rif;ol(*Dwpmqkd).om;jzpfonf? &efukef+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1967 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (29)&ufae@zGm;jzpf onf? OD;atmifaZmfonf r*Fvmawmif!Gef@tpdk;& rlvwef;ausmif;trSwf(3)/ '*Hktpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif; trSwf(2)/ pdkufysdK;arG;jrLa&;txufwef;ausmif;(awmifil)/ ysOf;rem;pdkufysdK;a&;ody`Hwdk@wGif pdkufysdK;a&;'Dyvdkrm aemufqHk;ESpftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1981 ckESpfrS 1987 ckESpftxd v,f,mpdfkufysdK;a&;aumfydka&;&Sif; (¶Hk;csKyf) tvkyfoif0efxrf;/ 1987 ckESpfwGif tvkyfrSE_wfxGufcJhonf? 24? '*Hk+rdK@opf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;xGef;tkef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGef;tkef;onf '*Hk+rdK@opf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(21636)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(66²54)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;armifyk/ trd a':0ufwdk@rS 1943 ckESpf/ rwfv (13)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? vSnf;ul;+rdK@e,f/ aygufb avmufaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;xGef;tkef;onf (9)wef;xdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1976 ckESpfwGif a':pef;Ek ESifhvufxyfcJhonf? jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD0if/ 1985 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd r&rf;ukef;+rdK@e,f jynfol@ aumifpD0iftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (4)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1419)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwf xGufa=umif;a=unmcJhonf? 2002 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (18)&ufae@wGif uG,fvGefonf? ema&;a=umfjim ² ² ² &[ef;'g,um}uD; OD;xGef;tkef; touf(60) &efukef+rdK@/ r&rf;ukef;+rdK@e,f/ (5)&yfuGufae (OD;armifyk-a':0uf)[email protected];/ trSwf 214(E)/ rpdk;&drf ausmif;vrf;/ udk;rdkif/ r&rf;ukef;+rdK@e,fae a':pef;Ek.cifyGef;/ raucdkifxGef;/ armifaZmfrif;cdkifwdk@. arG;ozcif/ OD;pdk;0if;-a':odef;0if;/ OD;pHaiG-a':jrifhpdef/ OD;vSa¶$-a':jrifhjrifhpef;/ OD;cifndK-a':EdkifEdkif0if;wdk@. tpfudk}uD; OD;xGef;tkef;onf 18-7-2002 &ufwGif uG,fvGefoGm;ygI 20-7-2002 (paeae@) nae 3 em&DwGif a&a0; okomefY rD;o+*õK[fygrnf? usef&pfolrdom;pk 25? 'v+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;pdef0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdef0if;onf 'v+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf ,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(15417)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(63²47)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rdwˆDvm+rdK@ Zmwdjzpfonf? 1953 ckESpf/ arv (13)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;[email protected];jzpfonf? OD;pdef0if;onf rdwˆDvm +rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrifI 1975 ckESpfwGif rauG;aumvdyfrS ody`HbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1977 ckESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd uDvDaps;yGJ¶Hkvkyfief;/ 1982 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd blrdowÎKOD;pD;Xme "gwfcJG cef;r–;/ 1985 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd uDvDaps;yGJ¶Hkvkyfief;/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pD ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif uDvDaps;or*~twGif;a&;r–;/ ausmif;om;v_yf&Sm;r_}uD;=uyfa&;aumfrwD &duQmtzJG@r–;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf wkdif;pnf;tzGJ@0iftjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf?

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26? a'gyHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;jrarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrarmifonf a'gyHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf ,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(15375)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(64²48)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 0rf;wGif; +rdK@e,f/ wrmukef;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bkd;wif/ trd a':qdkifwdk@rS 1925 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (28)&uf ae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;jrarmifonf ArmhvGwfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtdkifat)zJG@pnf;onfrS zsufodrf;onftxd &JabmfoHk;usdyf0ifAdkvfvif;,kefwyfwGifyg0ifawmfvSefcJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if(wwd,qifh)&I owWrwef;txd ausmif;ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 27? ykZGefawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;Edkif;Edkif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;Ekdif;Ekdif;onf ykZGefawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(14107)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(79²36)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? usdKufxdk+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;apmbodef;.om;jzpfonf? 1942 ckESpf/ {+yDv (3)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;Ekdif;Ekdif;onf &efukefwuUodkvfrS 0dZ…mbJG@ESifh pD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvfrS tkyfcsKyfr_ESifhpDrHcef@cJGa&;ynm('Dtrfat) bJG@vGefwdk@toD;oD;&¶SdcJhonf// 1967 ckESpfrS 1983 ckESpftxd refae*sm ukefoG,fa&;/ 1983 ckESpfwGif rdrdqENtav#muftvkyfrSE_wfxGufI u|rf;usifr_today;0efxrf;ESifh twdkifyifct H jzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? ykZGefawmif+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif OuUX tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? jypfr_qdkif&mOya' yk'fr 122 (1) t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr (11)(n)ESifh+idpeG f;ojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufvdkufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (30)&ufae@wGif a=unmcJhonf? aemifwGifjyKvkyfrnfha¶G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0ifcGifhudk vnf;ydwfyifcJhonf? 2000 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (13)&ufESifh (14)&ufae@rsm;wGif OD;apmEdkif;Edkif;/ &efukef wdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;tzGJ@0if OD;pdk;[ef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dkXmecsKyf¶Hk;tzGJ@0if OD;xGef;jrifh/ A[ef;+rdK@e,f pnf;¶Hk;a&;tzGJ@ OuUX OD;atmifjrifh(uAsmq&m-zsmyHkeDvHkOD;)/ 'kwd,OuUX OD;pdk;/ uGrf;+cHukef;+rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&; tzGJ@ OuUX OD;ausmfpdefatmif/ 'kwd,OuUX rsm;jzpf=uonfh OD;xdef0if;/ OD;pdefaX;/ twGif;a&;rª; OD;aZmfOD;/ b¾ma&;rª; OD;pef;+rdKif/ pnf;tzGJ@0if OD;wif!Gef@wdk@tm; tm%mydkifrsm;rS zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;cJh+yD; OD;apmEdkif;Edkif; ESifh (5)OD;tm; trsdK;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tzGJ@0ifrsm;.oabmxm;a=unmcsufa&;om;r_jzifh tvkyfESifh axmif'%f(21)ESpfpD csrSwfcJhonf? --------OD;at;=uL(c)rkH&Gmatmif&Sif/ OD;atmifjrihf/ OD;pkd;[ef/ OD;xGef;jrihf/ OD;apmEkdif;Ekdif;(c)OD;Ekdif;Ekdif;/ OD;pdefxGef;ausmfwkd@(5)OD; 0kdif;0ef;a&;om;onhf a=unmcsuf? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trSwf(97§c)/ taemufa&$*Hkwdkifvrf;/ - 240 -

A[ef;+rdK@e,f/ &efukef+rdK@? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ tzGJ@0ifrsm;.oabmxm;a=unmcsuf? 1? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfonf w&m;0if&yfwnfv#uf&dSaomEdkifiHa&;ygwDjzpfonf? odk@twGuf w&m;0ifaomygwDpnf;&Hk;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk w&m;0ifvkyfudkifcGifh&dS+yD;jzpfonf? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf. taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;a':atmifqef;pk=unf. ygwDpnf;&Hk;a&;vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;a=umifh rnfonfh tcg/ rnfonfhae&mwGifr# w&m;Oya'pkdk;rdk;a&;udkvnf;aumif;/ &yf&Gmat;csrf;wnf+idrfa&;udk vnf;aumif; taESmifht,SufjzpfcJhjcif;r&dSay? Ttcsufrsm;onf rnfolr#rjiif;y,fEdkifaomtcsufrsm; jzpfonf? 2? TrSefuefcsufrsm;udk EdkifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifhzGH@+zdK;a&;aumifpDtaejzifhvnf;od&dS+yD;jzpfonf? odk@ygvsuf &efukefwdkif;twGif;&dS uGef;+cHukef;+rdK@ESifhaumhr_;+rdK@rsm;odk@oGm;aom a':atmifqef;pk=unf. w&m;0ifpnf;&Hk;a&;c&D;pOfudk ,kwWdrwefaomta=umif;jycsufrsm;jzifh Oya'rJh/ [ef@wm;ydwfqdk@xm;,Hkr# ru tiftm;oHk;Iaetdrfodk@jyefydk@+yD; tzGJ@csKyf. OuUXtygt0if A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0iftm;vHk; wdk@tm; aetdrftoD;oD;wGifwm;qD;ydwfqdk@xm;onf? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ XmecsKyf&Hk;udkvnf; ntcsdef rawmfwGif0ifa&mufpD;eif;I [email protected]&m;0ifpm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;ESifh &Hk;oHk;ypPnf;rsm;udk Oya'rJh odrf;qnf; oGm;onf? TOya'rJhvkyf&yfrsm;udk tzGJ@csKyftzGJ@0ifrsm;u jyif;xefpGmuef@uGuf&_wfcsvdkuf onf? Todk@ Oya'vkyfaqmifjcif;jzifh [email protected]&m;0if&yfwnfr_ESifh tzGJ@csKyf0ifrsm;.aoG;pnf;nD!Gwf r_tiftm;udk vnf;aumif;/ jynfolvlxk.axmufcHr_udkvnf;aumif;/ csdeJ@tm;enf;atmif ðyvkyfEdkifrnf r[kwfay? 3? ,if;vkyf&yftm;vHk;onf EdkifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifhzGH@+zdK;a&;aumifpDudk,fwdkifu w&m;Oya' pdk;rdk; a&;udk zsufqD;vdkufjcif;jzpfonfudkvnf; rnfolr#jiif;y,fvdrfhrnfr[kwfay? EdkifiHawmfat;csrf; om,ma&; ESifhzGH@+zdK;a&;aumifpDudk,fwdkifu ,if;uJhodk@ Oya'rJhðyr_aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;a=umifh EkdifiHawmfwGif}uHKawG@ae& aomtaxGaxGjy\emrsm;/ t=uyftwnf;rsm; ajyaysmufoGm;jcif;r&dS,Hkr#ru/ ydkIydkI omqdk;&Gm;vm+yD; aemufqHk;Y xdrf;rEdkif/ odfrf;r&jzpfvmEdkifbG,f&mom&dSonf? EdkifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifhzGH@+zdK;a&; aumifpDutpOfaºuG;a=umfaeaom acwfrDrGH@+zdK;wdk;wufonfh'Drdka&pDEdkifiHawmf}uD; ay:aygufa&;onfvnf; rnfodk@r#jzpfay:vmEdkifrnfr[kwfay? xdk@jyif ,Ofaus;odrfarG@Itodw&m;jrifhrm;aomEkdifiHrsm;wGifjzpfay:avh &dSonfh EdkifiHa&;pHepf +idrf;csrf;pGmtoGiful;ajymif;r_rsKd;udkvnf; az:aqmif Ekdifrnfr[kwfay? 4? tu,fpifppftm;jzifh trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfESifh a':atmifqef;pk=unfwnf&dSaejcif;onf wdkif;jynf wGif EdkifiHa&;t=urf;zufr_rsm;ESifh vufeufudkifyËdyuQrsm;udkavsmhyg;apayonf? wdkif;&if;om; aoG;pnf; nD!Gwfr_ydkrdkcdkifrma&; tvm;tvmaumif;rsm;udkjzpfay:aponfhtjyif awmifolv,form;/ tvkyform;/ jynfoltrsm;ESifh ausmif;om;vli,frsm;[email protected]#mfvifhcsufrsm;jynfh0aprnfh tiftm;yifjzpfonf? odk@ygI tzGJ@csKyfacgif;aqmifrsm;tm;vHk;udk vGwfvyfpGmv_yf&Sm;oGm;vmEdkifa&;twGuf [ef@wm;ydwfyifr_rsm;udk csufjcif;&kyfodrf;ay;&ef/ tzGJ@csKyfXmecsKyf&Hk;udkjyefvnfzGifhvSpf+yD; w&m;0ifEdkifiHa&;ygwDwck . vGwfvyfcGifh rsm;/ vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;udktjynfht0ay;&ef av;eufpGmawmif;qdkvdkufonf? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftzGJ@0ifrsm;?

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1362 ckESpf/ awmfovif;vjynfhae@ 2000 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (12)&uf? --------a=unmcsufa&;om;olrsm;tm; 1950 jynhfESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (n)t& axmif(7)ESpfcs vkdufonhf w&m;&kH;tr_wJG? pD&ifcsufykHpH &mZ0wfw&m;ol}uD;&kH;awmfY 2000 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv 14 &ufae@? 2000 ckESpf/ &mZ0wf}uD;r_trSwf - 23 'k&JrSL; vSjrihf w&m;vkd ESihf OD;at;=uL (c) rkH&Gmatmif&Sif yg - 5 w&m;cH 1950 jynhfESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (n) t& pJGqkdr_? pD&ifcsuf tr_rSm OD;at;=uL(c)rkH&Gmatmif&Sif/ OD;atmifjrihf/ OD;pkd;[ef/ OD;xGef;jrihf/ OD;apmEkdif;Ekdif;(c)OD;Ekdif;Ekdif; ESihf tr_rSxGufajy;wdrf;a&Smifaeol tifeft,fvf'DygwD {&m0wDwkdif;/ 'kOuUX OD;pdefxGef;ausmfwkd@onf (10-9-2000)&ufae@ESihf (12-9-2000)&ufae@wGif OD;apmEkdif;Ekdif;(c)OD;Ekdif;Ekdif;. aetdrfcef;wGifpka0;awG@qkH I a':pk=unfESihf pDtD;pDtzJG@0ifrsm; aetdrfwGifoGm;vmv_yf&Sm;r_uef@owfxm;r_ukd tjrefv$wfay;&ef/ Xme csKyf&kH;ESihf wkdif;&kH;ydwfxm;jcif;ukd jyefzGihfay;&ef/ tpkd;& tifeft,fvf'DESifh wkdif;&if;om;tzJG@0ifrsm;ygaom (3)yGihfqkdifawG@qkHaqG;aEG;a&;ukd tjrefaqmif&Guf&efESihf EkdifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESihfzHG@+zdK;a&;aumifpD. Oya'rhJvkyf&yfrsm;ukduef@uGuf&_wfcs&ef ponfwkd@yg0ifaom (12-9-2000)&ufae@pJGyg trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pD tzJG@csKyf/ tzJG@0ifrsm;.oabmxm;a=unmcsufukd 0kdif;0ef;wkdifyifaqG;aEG;jcif;/ a&;om;jcif;/ uGefysLwm &kdufESdyfjcif;/ tar&duefoH&kH;rSwqihf ADGtkdattoHv$ihfXmeokd@ay;ykd@jcif;wkd@ukd vkyfaqmifchJ=ua=umif; ppfaq; awG@&dS&ojzihf 4if;wkd@(6)OD;tay: 1950 jynhfESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (n)jzihf ta&;,lay;yg&ef owif;wyfzJG@rS 'k&Jr_;OD;vSjrihfu oufaocH(u)jzihf A[ef;&Jpcef;wGifwkdifwef;&mrS ay:aygufvmaomtr_ jzpfonf? tr_wGif 'k&Jr_;OD;vSjrihf(vkdjy-1)/ &JtkyfaZmfrif;(vkdjy-2)/ OD;ausmfpkd;/ OD;wifxGËf (vkdjy-3 ESihf 4)ESihf &Jtkyfausmfausmfvd_if(vkdjy-5)wkd@ukd ppfaq;chJonf? ‚if;wkd@u wkdifcsufukd oufaocH(u)ESihf wkdifcsufrdwWLukd oufaocH(u-1)tjzpf‚if;/ tifeft,fvf'DygwD0ifrsm;.oabmxm;a=ujimcsufukd rl&if;pmrlESihfuGefysLwm - 242 -

&kdufESdyf+yD;pmrlwkd@ukd oufaocH(c)ESihf(c-2)wkd@t& &SmazGykHpHukdoufaocH(*)tjzpf‚if;/ OD;atmif&Sifwkd@u trsKd;om;axmufvSrf;a&;tzJG@xHwGif tppfcHcsufrsm;ukd oufaocH(C)rS(ps)xd‚if; wifjy=uonf? 'k&Jr_;OD;vSjrihf(vkdjy-1)/ &JtkyfaZmfrif;(vkdjy-2)/ &SmazGykHpHoufao &efuif;&,u OuUXESihftzJG@0if OD;ausmfpkd;(vkdjy-3)ESihf OD;wifxGËf/ tr_ppft&m&dS&Jtkyfausmfausmfvd_if(vkdjy-5)wkd@u OD;atmif&Sifwnf;ckd chJonfh omauw/ xef;awmy&d,wWdpmoifwkdufokd@wufa&muf&SmazG&m trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@0ifrsm;. oabmxm;a=ujimcsufwpfapmifESihf uGefysLwm&kdufESdyfxm;aom a=ujimcsuf(5)apmifukdawG@&dSonhftwGuf oufaovl}uD;rsm;a&S@wGifyif&SmazGykHpHjzihfodrf;qnf;chJa=umif;/ xkd@jyif4if;wkd@onf tqkdygoabmxm;a=ujim csufukd 0kdif;0ef;wkdifyifaqG;aEG;jcif;/ a&;om;jcif;/ uGefysLwm&kdufESdyfjcif;wkd@ jyKvkyfygonf[lI trsKd;om; axmufvSrf;a&;tzJG@xHwGiftppfcHchJ=ua=umif;/ xkdppfa=umcsufrsm;ukd oufaocH(C)rS( )wkd@ jzpfa=umif; ponfjzihf xGufqkdchJ=uonf? w&m;vkdjyoufaorsm;ESihf ‚if;wkd@wifjyaomoufaocHpm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;t& w&m;cH OD;at;=uL (c)rkH&Gmatmif&Sif/ OD;atmifjrihf/ OD;pkd;[ef/ OD;xGef;jrihf/ OD;apmEkdif;Ekdif;(c)OD;Ekdif;Ekdif;wkd@tay:wGif 1950 jynhfESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (n) t&pJGcsufwif&ef jrifomaomtaxmuftxm;rsm;&dSonhftwGuf ‚if;wkd@tay:wifoGif;onhfOya'yk'fr 5 (n)jzihf pJGcsufwifchJonf? Ttr_ESihfqufpyfr_&Sd+yD; jypfr_ao;trSwf - 30§2000 rSxGufajy;aeol OD;pdefxGef;ausmftay: jypfr_ qkdif&musihfxkH;Oya'yk'fr - 87§88t& aqmif&Gufrnfjzpfonf? ppfaq;+yD;chJaomw&m;vkdjyoufaorsm;teufrS tr_ppft&m&dSOD;ausmfausmfvd_ifukd jyefac:oufao tjzpfppfaq;chJ=uonf? OD;ausmfausmfvd_ifu w&m;cHrsm;onftqkdygoabmxm;a=ujimcsufukd AkdvfcsKyfrSL; }uD;xHokd@ay;ykd@&ef&nf&G,fchJonfqkdv#ifr[kwfa=umif;/ tqkdygoabmxm;a=ujimcsufwGif jynfolvlxkukd qlyltkH=uGr_jzpfap&ef&nf&G,fonfh pum;vkH;tokH;tE_ef;ryg&dS[kqkdv#ifr[kwfa=umif; ponfjzihfajzqkdchJonf? w&m;cHOD;at;=uLu rdrdonf tzJG@0ifrsm;.wm0efay;csuft& oabmxm;a=ujimpmwrf;rl=urf; ukda&;om;+yD; tzJG@0ifrsm;ukdzwfapchJa=umif;/ pmacsma&;om;&efwm0efay;onhftwGuf pmacsma&;+yD; EkdifiH awmft}uD;tuJxHay;ykd@&rnhfpmjzpfonhftwGuf uGefysLwm&kdufEdSyfckdif;chJa=umif;/ rdrdwnf;ckd&m omauw xef;awmy&d,wWdausmif;wGif xm;chJa=umif; qlylv_H@aqmfonhfpum;vkH;rsm;ryga=umif;/ tar&duefoH&kH;okd@ oGm;ay;chJjcif;vnf;r&dSa=umif; ponfjzihfxGufqkdonf? OD;atmifjrihfuvnf; rdrdwkd@tzJG@csKyfvl}uD;rsm;. oGm;vmr_csKyfcs,fuef@owfxm;jcif;udpP/ XmecsKyf &kH;ESihf wkdif;&kH;rsm;ydwfxm;onhfudpPESihfywfoufI vli,frsm;onf rdrdwkd@tzJG@0ifwpfOD; tokbtdrfwGif‚if;/ OD;pkd;[ef.ZeD; vjynhfqGrf;au|;onhfae@wGif‚if; vli,frsm;rausreyfajymqkda0zef=ua=umif;/ rvkdvm;tyf aom jy\emrsm;jzpfay:rnfqkdonhftwGuf tzJG@0ifrsm;ESihfwkdifyif+yD; w&m;0iftzJG@tpnf;jzpfonhf rdrdwkd@ ygwD0ifrsm;taejzihf EkdifiHawmft}uD;tuJxHwGifwifjy&ef&nf&G,f+yD;vkyfaqmifchJ=ujcif;jzpfa=umif; ponfjzihf xGufqkdonf? w&m;cHOD;pkd;[efrSmw&m;&kH;csKyfa&S@aejzpfonf? ‚if;.wkdifcsufESihf w&m;vkdjyoufaorsm;.xGufcsuf rsm;onf (10-9-2000)ae@u rdrdyg0ifaqG;aEG;chJonf[kyg&dSaomfvnf; r[kwfa=umif;/ tzJG@0ifOD;xGef;jrihf. ta=umif;=um;pmt& vli,frsm;ukdajzmifhzsaqG;aEG;ay;&efajymonhftwGuf (12-9-2000)&ufae@wGif OD;Ekdif;Ekdif;tdrfokd@vmchJa=umif;/ rdrdonf aemufqkH;rSa&muf&dSjcif;jzpfa=umif;/ pmwrf;ukd OD;at;=uLuzwf =um;a=umif;/ rdrdu Oya'ESihfqef@usifonhfpum;vkH;rsm;ryg0ifap&ef ajym=um;+yD;jyefchJa=umif;/ aemufykdif; wGif uGefysLwm&kdufonhfudpPrsm;ukd rdrdroda=umif;xGufqkdonf? tzJG@0if OD;xGef;jrihfu rdrdxHta=umif;=um;onhfpmonf tdrfwGif&dSyga=umif;/ jypfr_qkdif&musihfxkH; Oya' 94 t& &SmazG0&rf;xkwfoihf+yD;/ odrf;qnf;oihfyga=umif;wifjyonf? ‚if;onf (10-9-2000)&uf ae@uaqG;aEG;&mwGif yg0ifjcif;r&dSonhfwkdifatmif (12-9-2000)&ufae@u OD;Ekdif;Edkif;tdrfokd@a&muf&dSchJa=umif; ‚if;.xGufqkdcsuft&ay:aygufonhftwGuf tqkdygpmukd &SmazGodrf;qnf;&efrvkdtyfay? - 243 -

w&m;cHOD;xGef;jrihfu tzJG@csKyftzJG@0ifvl}uD;rif;rsm;oGm;vmcsKyfcs,fonhfudpP/ wkdif;&kH;ESihfXmecsKyf&kH; rsm;ydwfxm;onhfudpPwkd@tay: vli,frsm;rausreyfjzpfyGm;r_ukd +idrfoufoGm;ap&eftvkd@iSm rdrdwkd@tcsif;csif; wkdifyif+yD; a=unmcsufwpfapmifukda&;om;+yD;/ AkdvfcsKyfrSL;}uD;xHwifjy&ef&nf&G,fjcif;om jzpfa=umif;/ EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;a&;ukd xdckdufapvkdonhf&nf&G,fcsufr&dSa=umif; ponfjzihfxGufqkdonf? w&m;cHOD;apmEkdif;Ekdif;(c)OD;Ekdif;Ekdif;rS rdrdtrd fwGifvma&mufaqG;aEG;=uonfrSmrSefuefyga=umif;/ tzJG@ csKyftzJG@0ifvl}uD;rsm;uef@owfjcif;udpP/ wkdif;&kH;ESihfXmecsKyf&kH;ydwfxm;onhfudpPukd tzJG@0ifvli,frsm; raus reyfjzpfonfukd rvkdvm;tyfaomjy\emrjzpfap&ef&nf&G,fcsufjzihf a=ujimcsufa&;om;+yD;wifjy&ef &nf &G,fyga=umif;/ uGefysLwm&kdufESdyfjcif;rSm rdrdroda=umif; xGufqkdonf? w&m;cHrsm;onf trsKd;om;axmufvSrf;a&;tzJG@ESihf rdrdwkd@jypfr_usL;vGefchJonfrsm;ukd xkwfazmf0efcH ajymqkda=umif; ppfa=umcsufrsm;&dSaea=umif;awG@&onf? oufaocHOya'yk'fr 24 wGif azmfjyxm;aom aoG;aqmifjcif;/ +cdrf;ajcmufjcif;/ uwdjyKjcif;wkd@jyKvkyfa=umif;ay:wGif xif&Sm;jcif;r&dSonhf axmufvSrf;a&; tzJG@0ifxHay;chJaomppfa=umcsufrsm;ukd vufcHEkdifp&mta=umif;r&dSacs[lI jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmfESihf OD;&Jaemifyg-2 tr_1 wGif xkH;zJG@xm;onf? ,cktr_onfw&m;cHrsm;u aoG;aqmifjcif;/ +cdrf;ajcmufjcif;/ uwdjyKjcif;wkd@jyKvkyfa=umif; ay:vGif xif&Sm;jcif;r&dSay? xkd@a=umihf ‚if;wkd@u wyfrawmfaxmufvSrf;a&;xHay;chJaom ppfa=umcsufrsm;onf vufrcHEkdifp&mta=umif;r&dSay? tqkdygppfa=umcsufrsm;rSm oufaocH(C)rS( )xd jzpfonf? ,if;ppfaq;csufrsm;ESihf w&m;vkdjyoufaorsm;.tppfcHcsufrsm;aygif;pyfv#if trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pD tzJG@csKyf OD;at;=uL/ OD;atmifjrihf/ OD;pkd;[ef/ OD;xGef;jrihf/ OD;apmEkdif;Ekdif;(c)OD;Ekdif;Ekdif;ESihf xGufajy;wdrf;a&Smifae ol OD;pdefxGef;ausmfwkd@onf OD;pkd;[efrSty (10-9-2000)ae@wGif‚if;/ (12-9-2000)ae@wGif‚if;/ ‚if;wkd@ tm;vkH; OD;apmEkdif;Ekdif;tdrfwGifpka0;awG@qkHI a':pk=unfESihfpDtD;pDtzJG@0ifrsm; aetdrfwGifoGm;vmv_yf&Sm;r_ uef@owfxm;jcif;udpPukd tjrefvGwfay;&ef/ XmecsKyf&kH;ESihfwkdif;&kH;ydwfxm;jcif;ukd jyefzGihfay;&ef/ tpkd;& tifeft,fvf'DESihf wkdif;&if;om;tzJG@0ifrsm;yg0ifaom okH;yGihfqkdifaqG;aEG;a&;ukd tjrefaqmif&Guf&efESihf EkdifiH awmfat;csrf;om,ma&;zHG@+zKd;a&;aumifpD.Oya'rhJvkyf&yfrsm;ukd uef@uGu&f _wfcs&efygonf? (12-9-2000) ae@pJGyg trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyftzJG@0ifrsm;.oabmxm;a=ujimcsuf oufaocH (c-1)ESihf (c-2)wkd@ukd 0kdif;0ef;wkdifyifaqG;aEG;jcif;/ a&;om;jcif;/ uGefysLwm&kdufESdyfjcif;wkd@ukd vkyfaqmifchJ=ua=umif;ay:aygufonf? OD;atmif&Sifwkd@u tqkdyga=unmcsufukdEkdifiHawmft}uD;tuJjzpfonhfAkdvfcsKyfrSL;}uD;xHwifjy&ef &nf&G,fcsuf jzihfa&;om;onhfoabmrsKd; xkacsaomfvnf; tqkdyga&;om;onhfpmt&vnf; AkdvfcsKyfrSL;}uD;xHtoday; wifjyonhfoabmrsKd; a&;om;xm;jcif;r[kwfbJ/ jynfaxmifpkvkH+cKHa&;ukd‚if;/ +idrf0yfydjym;r_ukdxdckdufaponhf tokH;tE_ef;rsm;vnf; yg0ifa=umif;vnf;awG@&dS&onf? okd@jzpfI ‚if;wkd@onf 1950 jynhfESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (n) yg jypfr_ukdusL;vGef onf[k qkd&rnfjzpfayonf? “trdef@” OD;atmif&Sif(c)OD;at;=uL (b)OD;bkd;0if;/ OD;atmifjrihf(c)zsmykHeDvkHOD; (b)OD;bef'k/ OD;pkd;[ef (b) OD;b&Sdef/ OD;xGef;jrihf (b)OD;=unfarmif/ OD;apmEkdif;Ekdif;(c)Ekdif;Ekdif; (b)OD;apmbodef;wkd@onf 1950 ckESpf/ ta&; ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (n) t& tjypf&dSojzihf tvkyfESihfaxmif(7)ESpfpDuscHap&ef trdef@csrSwfvkduf onf? axmif'%frS csKyf&ufrsm;ukdxkwfE_wfcHpm;ap? ykH§ »»» - 244 -

(bausmf) wJGzufwkdif;w&m;ol}uD;(4) &efukefwkdif;w&m;&kH;? 1? 1991 ckESpf/ jrefrmEkdifiHpD&ifxkH; pm - 63 --------a=unmcsufa&;om;olrsm;tm; 1962 ckESpf/ ykHESdyfolrsm;ESihfxkwfa0olrsm;rSwfykHwifOya' yk'fr(17) ESihf yk'fr(20) t& pkpkaygif; axmif(14)ESpfcsvkdufonhf w&m;&kH;tr_wJG? pD&ifcsufykHpH &mZ0wfw&m;ol}uD;&kH;awmfY 2000 jynhfESpf/ 'DZifbmv 14 &ufae@ 2000 jynhfESpf/ &mZ0wfr_}uD;trSwf - 24 'k&JrSL; vSjrihf w&m;vkd ESihf OD;at;=uL(c)rkH&Gmatmif&Sif yg - 5 w&m;cH 1962 ckESpf/ ykHESdyfolrsm;ESihfxkwfa0olrsm;rSwfykHwifOya' yk'fr - 17§20 t& pJGr_? pD&ifcsuf tr_rSm OD;at;=uL(c)rkH&Gmatmif&Sif/ OD;atmifjrihf/ OD;xGef;jrihf/ OD;apmEkdif;Ekdif;(c)OD;Ekdif;Ekdif;ESihf xGufajy;wdrf;a&Smifaeol tifeft,fvf'DygwD {&m0wDwkdif;pnf; 'k-OuUX OD;pdefxGef;ausmfw@kd onf (10-9-2000)ae@ESihf (12-9-2000)ae@wkd@wGif OD;Ekdif;Ekdif;.aetdrfwGifpka0;awG@qkHI a':pk=unfESihf pDtD;pD tzJG@0ifrsm; aetdrfwGifoGm;vmv_yf&Sm;r_uef@owfxm;r_ukd tjrefjyefv$wfay;&ef/ XmecsKyf&kH;ESihf wkdif;&kH; ydwfxm;r_ukd zGihfay;&ef/ tpkd;&/ tifeft,fvf'DESihf wkdif;&if;om;tzJG@rsm;ygaom (3)yGihfqkdifaqG;aEG;a&;ukd tjrefaqmif&Guf&efESihf EkdifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESihfzHG@+zdK;a&;aumifpD. Oya'rhJvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ukd &_wfcs&ef (12-9-2000)&ufpJGyg trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyftzJG@0ifrsm;. oabmxm;a=ujimcsufukd 0kdif;0ef;wkdifyifjcif;/ a&;om;jcif;/ uGefysLwm&kdufESdyfjcif;/ tar&duefoH&kH;rSwqihf ADGtkdattoHv$ihfXmeokd@ toHv$ihfEkdif&ef oGm;a&mufay;ykd@jcif;rsm;vkyfaqmifchJ&m ,if;okd@ a&;om;&kdufESdyfjzef@a0chJjcif;rsm;onf oufqkdif&mcGihfjyKcsufwpfpkHwpf&mr&dSbJ vkyfaqmifchJjcif;jzpfonhftwGuf ‚if;wkd@ 6 OD; tay: 1962 ckESpf/

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ykHESdyfolrsm;ESihfxkwfa0olrsm;rSwfykHwifOya' yk'fr - 17§20 jzihf tr_zGihfta&;,lay;yg&ef owif;wyfzJG@rS 'k&JrSL; OD;vSjrifhu wkdifwef;&mrS ay:aygufvmaomtr_jzpfonf? tr_wGif 'k-&JrSL; OD;vSjrifh(vkdjy-1)/ &JtkyfaZmfrif;(vkdjy-2)/ OD;ausmfpkd;ESihfOD;wifxGËf (vkdjy-3 ESihf 4 ) ESihf tr_ppft&m&dS&Jtkyfausmfausmfvd_ifwkd@ukdppfaq;chJonf? wkdifcsufudk oufaocH(u)ESihf(u-1)wkd@t&‚if;/ &SmazGykHpHukd oufaocH(c)tjzpf‚if;/ trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyftzJG@0ifrsm;. oabmxm;a=ujimcsufukd oufaocH(c-1)t&‚if;/ tqkdyga=ujimcsufukd uGefysLwm&kdufESdyfxm;onhfpm&Gufukd oufaocH(c-2)tjzpf ‚if;/ wifjyIvufcHonf? xkd@jyif OD;atmif&Sifwkd@(6)OD;u axmufvSrf;a&;t&m&dSxHwGif ‚if;wkd@jypfr_usL;vGef r_ESihfywfoufI xGufqkdtppfcHcsufrsm;ukd oufaocH(*)rS(q)txd‚if; vufcHchJonf? 'k-&JrSL; OD;vSjrifh(vkdjy-1)/ &JtkyfaZmfrif;(vkdjy-2)/ &efuif;&,uOuUX OD;ausmfpkd;ESihf tzJG@0if OD;wifxGËf (vkdjy-3 ESihf 4 )ESihf tr_ppft&m&dS&Jtkyfausmfausmfvd_ifwkd@u OD;at;=uL(c)rkH&Gmatmif&Sif wnf;ckdonhf omauwxef;awmy&d,wWdpmoifwkdufokd@ (14-9-2000)&ufae@wGif oGm;a&muf&SmazGodrf; qnf;&m trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyf0ifrsm;. (12-9-2000)&ufpJGyg oabmxm;a=ujimcsuf vufa&;rl wpfapmifESihf uGefysLwm&kdufESdyfxm;aompm&Guf(15)&Gufwkd@ukd OD;atmif&SifxHrS oufaocH(c)&SmazGykHpHjzihf odrf;qnf;&rdchJa=umif;/ tqkdygoabmxm;a=ujimcsufonf ‚if;wkd@(6)OD; 0kdif;0ef;wkdifyifaqG;aEG;jcif;/ a&; om;jcif;/ uGefysLwm&kdufESdyfjcif;/ tar&duefoH&kH;rSwqihf ADGtkdattoHv$ihfXmeokd@ toHv$ifhxkwfEkdif&efay;ykd@ jcif;rsm;vkyfaqmifchJa=umif;/ ,if;okd@ a&;om;&kdufESdyfjzef@a0jyKvkyfr_onf oufqkdif&mcGihfjyKcsuf wpfpkHwpf&m r&dSbJvkyfaqmifchJjcif;jzpfygonf[k xGufqkd=uonf? OD;atmif&Sifyg 6-OD;wkd@u axmufvSrf;a&;t&m&dSxHwGif ‚if;wkd@jypfr_usL;vGefonf[k xGufqkdtppfcH csuf ppfa=umcsufrsm;wGifvnf; azmfjyxm;onfukdawG@&dS&onf? w&m;vkdjyoufaorsm;.xGufqkdcsufrsm;/ pm&Gufpmwrf;taxmuftxm;rsm;t& w&m;cHrsm; onf trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyf. (12-9-2000)&ufpJGyga=ujimcsufukd 0kdif;0ef;wkdifyifaqG;aEG; a&;om; jcif;/ uGefysLwm&kdufESdyfjcif;rsm;onf oufqkdif&mcGihfjyKcsufr&dSbJvkyfaqmifa=umif; jrifomaomoufaocH csufrsm;&dSojzihf OD;atmif&Sifyg 6-OD;wkd@tay:wGif 1962 ckESpf/ ykHESdyfolrsm;ESihfxkwfa0olrsm;rSwfykHwifOya' yk'fr - 17§20 t&‚if;/ yk'fr 20 t&‚if; pJGcsufwifchJonf? OD;atmif&Sifyg 6 OD;wkd@u tjypfr&dSa=umif;jiif;y,f+yD; ppfaq;+yD;aom w&m;vkdjyoufaorsm; teuf tr_ppft&m&dSOD;ausmfausmfvd_ifukd ac:,lppfaq;&efwifjychJonf? tr_ppft&m&dSOD;ausmfausmfvd_iftm; jyefvnfac:,lppfaq;&mwGif ‚if;wkd@onf tqkdyga=ujimcsuf tm; qlylr_jzpfap&efa&;om;chJjcif;r[kwf[kqkdv#ifrrSefa=umif;/ uGefysLwm&kdufESdyfonhfudpPudkvnf; EkdifiHawmf t}uD;tuJxHay;ykd@&rnhfpmjzpfonhftwGuf uGefysLwm&dkdufESdyfjcif;jzpfa=umif;/ okd@aomfvnf; xkdudpPukdrdrd wkd@roda=umif;ar;jref;csufukdvnf; OD;ausmfausmfvd_ifu rrSefa=umif;ajzqkdchJonf? Ttr_ESihfqufpyfr_&dSaom jypfr_taxGaxG trSwf - 31§2000 rS OD;pdefxGef;ausmftay: jypfr_ qkdif&musihfxkH;Oya' yk'fr - *7§** t& qufvufta&;,laqmif&Guf&ef qkH;jzwfchJonf? w&m;cH OD;at;=uL(c)rkH&Gmatmif&Sifu tqkdyga=ujimcsufpmwrf;ukd tzJG@0ifrsm;.wm0efay;csuf t& rdrdupm=urf;a&;om;+yD;wifjychJa=umif;/ pmacsmukd rdrda&;ul;chJa=umif; EkdifiHawmft}uD;tuJ AkdvfcsKyfrSL; }uD;oef;a&$xHay;ykd@&ef&nf&G,fonhftwGuf oyf&yfaumif;rGefap&ef wpfOD;wpfa,muftm; uGefysLwm&kdufESdyf apchJa=umif;/ vkyfom;jynfolrsm;qlylr_jzpfap&ef &nf&G,faompum;vkH;ryga=umif;/ tzJG@csKyfvl}uD;rsm; oGm; vmv_yf&Sm;r_csKyfcs,fxm;r_udpP/ tzJG@csKyf&kH;ESihf wkdif;&kH;ydwfxm;r_tay: vli,fwpfpkura=ureyfjzpfI a0zef aqG;aEG;onfukd rdrdwkd@=um;&yga=umif;/ rvkdvm;tyfaomjy\emrsm; rjzpfay:ap&eftwGuf rdrdwkd@tzJG@0if rsm;wkdifyif=u+yD; AkdvfcsKyfrSL;}ud;xHwifjy&ef&nf&G,f+yD; a&;om;chJjcif;jzpfa=umif; xkacsonf? w&m;cHOD;atmifjrifh/ OD;pkd;[ef/ OD;xGef;jrifh/ OD;Ekdif;Ekdif;(c)apmEkdif;Ekdif;wkd@u (10-9-2000)&ufae@wGif OD;pkd;[efrStywkdifyifchJ=ua=umif;/ 12-9-2000 &ufae@wGif OD;pkd;[eftygt0if rdrdwkd@ OD;Ekdif;Ekdif;tdrfwGif - 246 -

xyfrHawG@qkHchJ=u+yD; OD;atmif&Sifupm=urf;a&;om;jcif;jyKvkyfonfukdodyga=umif;/ okd@aomfuGefysLwm&kdufESdyf rnhfudpPukd rdrdwkd@rodyga=umif; xkacschJ=uonf? tr_wGifta&;}uD;aomtaxmuftxm;wpf&yfrSm w&m;cHrsm;rS ‚if;wkd@jypfr_usL;vGefr_ESihfywfouf I trsKd;om;axmufvSrf;a&;tzJG@xHwGif xkwfazmftppfcHonhftcsufjzpfonf? trsKd;om;axmufvSrf;a&; tzJG@xH w&m;cHwkd@. jypfr_usL;vGefr_ESihfywfoufI xkwfazmftppfcHcsufrsm;onf oufaocHOya' yk'fr - 24 wGifazmfjyxm;aom aoG;aqmifjcif;/ uwdxm;jcif;/ +cdrf;ajcmufjcif;ukd usL;vGefa=umif; ay:vGifxif&Sm;jcif; r&dSv#if ‚if;wkd@u wyfrawmfaxmufvSrf;a&;tzJG@wGifay;chJaom ppfa=umcsufrsm;ukd vufrcHEkdifp&m ta=umif;r&dSacs[lI jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmfESihfOD;&Jaemifyg - 2 tr_1 wGif xkH;zJG@xm;+yD;jzpfonf? ,cktr_wGif w&m;cHwkd@jypfr_usL;vGefykHESihfywfoufI axmufvSrf;a&;tzJG@xH tppfcHxm;jcif;rSm oufaocHOya' yk'fr 24 wGifazmfjyxm;aom aoG;aqmifjcif;/ +cdrf;ajcmufjcif;/ uwdjyKjcif;wkd@ jyKvkyf a=umif;ay:vGifxif&Sm;onfukd rawG@&ay? xkd@a=umihf ‚if;wkd@u axmufvSrf;a&;xHay;chJaom ppfa=umcsuf rsm;ukd vufcH&rnfjzpfayonf? w&m;cHrsm;u axmufvSrf;a&;tzJG@xHay;chJaomppfa=umcsufrsm;ESihf vdkjyoufao 'k&JtkyfOD;vSjrifh/ &JtkyfaZmfrif;/ tr_ppft&m&dSausmfausmfvd_ifwkd@. [email protected];t& OD;atmif&Sifyg 6 OD;wkd@onf trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@0ifrsm;u oabmxm;a=ujimcsufukd 0kdif;0ef;wkdifyifaqG;aEG; a&;om;jcif;/ uGefysLwm&kdufESdyfjcif;jzpfa=umif;ay:aygufonf? tar&duefoH&kH;rSwqihf ADGtkdatXmeokd@ toHv$ihfapo&ef ay;ykd@xm;a=umif; taxmuftxm;xifxif&Sm;&Sm;rawG@&ay? OD;atmif&Sifwkd@u rdrdwkd@onf tqkdygoabm xm;a=ujimcsufukd EkdifiHawmft}uD;tuJAkdvfcsKyfrSL;}uD;xHay;ykd@&ef &nf&G,fcsufrsKd;jzihf a&;om;jcif;r[kwf a=umif; awG@&dS&onf? OD;atmif&Sifwkd@onf oabmxm;a=ujimcsufukd oufqkdif&m.cGifhjyKcsufawmif;cHjcif; r&dSa=umif; vnf;ay:aygufonhftwGuf ‚if;wkd@onf 1962 ckESpf/ ykHESdyfolrsm;ESihfxkwfa0olrsm;Oya' yk'fr 17 t&‚if;/ ,if;Oya' yk'fr 20 t&‚if; jypfr_usL;vGefa=umif;ay:aygufonf? w&m;cHrsm;u rdrdwkd@vkyfaqmifcsufonf wpfckwnf;omjzpfonhftwGuf jypfr_wpfckwnf;jzihfom pum;&yfrsm;Oya'yk'fr 22 t& tjypfay;&ef okd@r[kwf jypf'%fav#mhay;&ef wifjyav#mufvJ=uonf? w&m;cHrsm;onf &nf&G,fcsufjcif;rwlaomoD;jcm;jypfr_rsm;ukd usL;vGef=ujcif;jzpfonf? 1950 jynhf ESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (n)onf jynfol@w&m;ol}uD;tzJG@!$ef=um;csuftrSwf 9 wGif azmfjy xm;aom EkdifiHawmfvkH+cKHa&;ukdxdyg;apaomjypfr_trsKd;tpm;wGif yg0ifonf? xkd@a=umihf w&m;cHrsm;.wifjy csufukd vufrcHEkdifay? atmufygtwkdif; trdef@csrSwfonf? “trdef@” OD;atmif&Sif(c)OD;at;=uL (b)OD;bkd;0if;/ OD;atmifjrihf(c)zsmykHeDvkHOD; (b)OD;bef'k/ OD;pkd;[ef (b) OD;b&Sdef/ OD;xGef;jrihf (b)OD;=unfarmif/ OD;apmEkdif;Ekdif;(c)Ekdif;Ekdif; (b)OD;apmbodef;wkd@onf 1962 ckESpf/ ykHESdyfolrsm;ESihfxkwfa0olrsm;rSwfykHwifOya' yk'fr 17 tjypf&dSojzihf tvkyfESihfaxmif'%f(7)ESpfpD uscHap& rnf? xkd@jyif ,if;Oya'yk'fr 20 t& tjypf&dSojzihf tvkyfESihfaxmif'%f(7)ESpfpDukdvnf; uscH&rnf?

ykH§ »»» (bausmf) wJGzufwkdif;w&m;ol}uD;(4) - 247 -

&efukefwkdif;w&m;&kH;? 1? 1991 ckESpf/ jrefrmEkdifiHpD&ifxkH; pm - 63 28? yef;bJwef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;armifarmifatmif/ 'Drdku&ufwpfwuUokdvfbGJ@&ESifhausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzGJ@? OD;armifarmifatmifonf yef;bJwef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif 'Drdku&ufwpfwuUodkvfbGJ@&ESifh ausmif; om;a[mif;rsm;tzGJ@('-w-u-z)tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(7231)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkif E_ef;(38²78)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;wifatmif/ trd a':cifat;a0wdk@rS 1966 ckESpf/ rwfv (12)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? &efukef+rdK@/ r&rf;ukef;+rdK@e,fZmwdjzpfonf? OD;armifatmifonf 1986 ckESpfwGif "mwkaA't"dujzifh ody`HbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1987 ckESpfwGif r[mody`Ht&nftcsif;ppf tydkif;(1)oifwef; wufa&mufcJhonf? 'Drdku&ufwpfwuUodkvfbGJ@&ESifh ausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzGJ@('-w-u-z)wGif A[dk twGif;a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 29? A[ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;xGef;v_dif/ 'Drdkua&pDygwD? OD;xGef;v_difonf A[ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif 'Drdkua&pDygwDtm;udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf ,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(16271)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²3)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;vS[ef/ trd a':trm=unfwdk@rS 1956 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (8)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? arG;csif;(9)a,muf teuf om;t}uD;qHk;jzpfonf? r*Fvmawmif!Gef@+rdK@e,f(&efukef)Zmwdjzpfonf? 1979 ckESpfwGif wuUodkvf 0ifwef;atmifjrifcJh+yD;/ Oya't"du 'kwd,ESpftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? vS[efESifhom;rsm;pufr_vufr_ vkyfief;udk OD;pD;vkyfudkifonf? 30? A[ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;=unfarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;=unfarmifonf A[ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS 0ifa&muf ,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(15625)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mE_ef;(73²17)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;bdk;odef;/ trd a':aiGcifwdk@rS 1920 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (20)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;=unfarmifonf 1936 ckESpf wGif &efukef+rdK@/ pdef*|ef;aumvdyfrS (10)wef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1937 ckESpf/ 1938 ckESpf/ 1939 ckESpfrsm;wGif &efukefwuUodkvf ausmif;om;rsm;or*~ OuUX OD;atmifqef;vufatmufwGifvnf;aumif;/ qufvufI or*~ OuUX OD;vSa¶$ESifhvnf;aumif;/ or*~tvkyftr_aqmifwOD;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1938 ckESpf/ ausmif;om;oydwfwGif wufºuGpGmyg0ifcJhonf? 1938 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (20)&ufae@wGif +Adwdo#e,fcsJ@ ynma&;pepftm; qef@usifuef@uGufqENjycJhonfh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;wGifyg0ifcJh+yD;/ e,fcsJ@ppfykvdyf [email protected] ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifAdkvfatmifausmf '%f&m&onfrSuG,fvGefonftxd teD;uyf - 248 -

az;rjyKpkcJholjzpfonf? bDat aemufqHk;ESpftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1941 ckESpf/ bDataemufqHk;ESpfwGif pmar;yGJrajzjzpfbJ ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtkdifatwyf)odk@0ifa&mufcJh+yD;/ r*Fvm'Hk yxrywfAdkvf oifwef;odk@wufa&mufcJhonf? 1943 ckESpfrS 1945 ckESpftxd *syefEdkifiH/ bk&ifhwyfrawmfppfwuUodkvf oifwef;tywfpOf(57)odk@ wufa&mufatmifjrif+yD;aemuf 1945 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmvwGif Armhwyfrawmf wyf&if;(5)wGif jyefwrf;0ift&m¶Sd ¡udk,fydkiftrSwf 3516(=unf;)¢tjzpf tr_xrf;cJhonf? 1947 ckESpfwGif t*FvefEdkifiHwGif oifwef;wufcJh+yD;/ 1948 ckESpfwGif wyf&if;r–;/ 1951 ckESpfwGif ajrmufydkif;wdkif;ppfXmecsKyf/ ar+rdK@ ppfOD;pD;yxrwef;/ 1953 ckESpfwGif wyfr[m(7)wyfr[mr–;/ 1955-56 ckESpfwGif wyfr–;ESifh tar&duef EdkifiH/ zdk@'fvJAif;0yf¶Sd uGyfuJr_ESifhppfOD;pD;wuUodkvfwGifwufa&mufoif,lcJhonf? 1958 ckESpfrS 1960 jynfhESpf txd aejynfawmfppfXmecsKyf(&efukefwdkif;ppfXmecsKyf) wdkif;r–;/ 1961 ckESpfrS 1963 ckESpftxd taemuf awmifwdkif;ppfXmecsKyf(ykodrf) wdkif;rª;/ 1962 ckESpfwGif awmfvSefa&;aumifpD0if/ 1963 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (30)&ufae@rS azazmf0g&Dv (1)&ufae@txd [oFmwc¶dkif/ 'l;,m;¶GmwGifusif;ycJhonfh awmifolv,form; ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJodk@ wm0ef&Sdaomppfwdkif;r–;jzpfonfhtjyif awmfvSefa&;aumifpD0ifwOD;vnf;jzpfygv#uf (rdrd. ppfwdkif;e,fajrtwGif;)awmfvSefa&;aumifpDu}uD;r–;usif;ycJhonfh ESD;aESmzvS,fyJGodk@rwufbJ trddef@ukdzDqef cJhonfhtwGuf 1959 ckESpf/ wyfrawmftufOya't& ppfr_xrf;jcif;rS&yfpJjcif;cHcJh&onf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyfpwifwnfaxmifcsdefwGif okawoeXmerª;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? e0w.(1§90)trdef@ qef@usifr_jzifh zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csLyf A[dktvkyftr_aqmif/ (,m,D) OuUX wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (n)ESifh jrefrmEdkifiHtpdk;& v#dK@0SufcsuftufOya' yk'fr 6 (2)(c)ESifh 6 (3)t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&GaumuffyGJOya' yk'fr 11 (n)ESifhjidpGef;ojzifh jynfol@ v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&; aumfr&Sif rS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (10)&ufae@wGifa=unmcJhonf? aemif(10)ESpftwGif;jyKvkyfrnfh a±G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkydwfyifcJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ jynfol@ta&;awmfyHk}uD;t+yD; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfzGJ‹pnf;aomtcg OD;atmif}uD; OD;aqmifonfhtzGJ‹rSudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf yg0ifcJhonf? A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ‹0if/ okawoeXmerª;tjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif uGefjrLepfrsm;pdk;rdk;ae+yD[lonfh OD;atmif}uD;.pGyfpGJcsuf ygwDwGif;jy\ema=umifh 1988 ckESpf/ 'Dzifbmv (3)&ufae@wGifusif;yonfh A[dkOD;pD;tzGJ‹tpnf;ta0; rJcGJ qHk;jzwfcsufwGif OD;atmif}uD;tpktzGJ‹rSOD;=unfarmifonf a':atmifqef;pk=unftpktzGJ‹odk‹yl;aygif;cJhonf? OD;wifOD;/ a':atmifqef;pk=unfwdk‹zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cH&+yD;aemuf tzGJ@csKyf. ,m,DOuUX jzpfvmonf? *EDNcef;rtpnf;ta0;+yD;aemuf ppftm%mydkifrsm;rS zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;cJhonf? tzGJ@csKyf OuUXtjzpf OD;atmifa±$ rSwm0ef,laepOf e0w. zdtm;ay;r_a=umifh OD;=unfarmiftygt0ifxdyfwef;acgif;aqmif(12)OD;udk tzGJ@csKyfrS xkwfy,fcJh&onf? 1995 ckESpf/ rwfv (14)&ufae‹wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf? a':atmifqef; pk=unfvGwfajrmufvm+yD; 1995 ckESpf/ atmufwb dk mv (9)&ufaeŒYjyefvnfzGJ‹pnf;onfh A[dktvkyftr_ aqmifaumfrwDY 'kwd,OuUXtjzpf wm0efay;tyf jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1996 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (9)&ufae@ nae(3;45)em&Dcef@wGif uarBmZ&dyfom0if;wHcg;.awmifzuf (15)aycef@tuGmY vl&rf;um;rsm;u tzGJ@csKyfacgif;aqmifrsm;jzpf}uaom OD;}unfarmif/ OD;wifOD;ESifh a':atmifqef;pk}unfwdk@tm; oHwkwf/ csdef;}udK;/ ausmufcJponfh vludkaoapEdkifaomvufeufrsdK;pHkjzifh wm0efustm%mydkifrsm;a&S@wGift}urf;zufwdkufcdkufcJh}uonf// xdkae@ nae(4;45)em&Dcef@wGif wuUodkvf &dyfomvrf;ESifhoHvGifvrf;axmifhY wm0efust&m&dSrsm;teD;rSvl(2)OD;ajy;xGufvm+yD; acgif;aqmifrsm;pD;vm onfhum;udk cJjzifhypfayguf,Hkru teD;uyf'g;jzifh0ifxdk;cJh+yD; }uD;rm;aomvkyf}uHr_}uD;wckjyKvkyfcJhonf// ,if; uJhodk@ +rdK@v,facgifwGifjzpfyGm;cJhonfhudpPESifhywfoufI tzGJ@csKyf OuUX u e0w OuUX xHodk@ w&m;0if pmjzifh t}udrf}udrfta}umif;}um;cJhaomfvnf;/ w&m;cHrsm;udkzrf;qD;jcif;/ w&m;pGJqdkjcif;/ ESpfOD;ESpfbufoabmwlnD - 249 -

csufjzifh vGwfvyfaomcHk&Hk;udkzGJ@pnf;I w&m;cHrsm;udkazmfxkwfjcif;rsm;jyKvkyfay;jcif;r¶SdyJ vspfv#L¶_cJhonfudk cHcJh&onf? OD;=unfarmifonf 19-8-2004 &ufae@wGif &efukef+rdK@aetdrfY uG,fvGefonf? ema&;a=umfjim ² ² ² oD&dysHcsDOD;=unfarmif (t+idrf;pm;Adkvfrª;}uD;) bDpD-3516 touf(86)ESpf &efukef+rdK@/ A[ef;+rdK@e,f/ a¶$awmif=um;(1)&yfuGuf/ trSwf(24)/ uarBmZ&dyfomae a':=unf=unf om. cspfvSpGmaomcifyGef;/ (OD;=unfpdk;)/ (OD;jynfpdk;)-a':jrifhjrifh(tru-3/ A[ef;)/ OD;atmifoef@-a':cifrsdK; =unf/ OD;armifarmifwdk@. cspfvSpGmaomzcif OD;=unfarmifonf 19-8-2004 (=umoyaw;ae@) rGef;vGJ 12; 15 em&DwGif b0wpfyg;odk@ ajymif;vJoGm;+yDjzpfygojzifh 21-8-2004 (paeae@) eHeuf 10 em&DwGif a&a0;ok omefY rD;o+*õK[frnfjzpfyga=umif; &yfeD;&yfa0;ae aqGrsdK;rdwfo*F[taygif;tm; odaptyfygonf? usef&pfolrdom;pk ¡ 1943 ckESpfrSm OD;vGifeJ@twl *syefEdkifiHudk ppfoifwef;wufzdk@oGm;wJh jrefrmvli,ft&m¶Sdavmif; awGxJrSm oleJ@t&if;ESD;qHk;oli,fcsif;vnf;jzpf aemufydkif;rSm a,mufzjzpfvmwJh OD;=unfarmifvnf; ygyg w,f? wuUodkvfrSmwkef;u OD;=unfarmif[m vGwfvyfa&;&¶Sda&;twGuf ausmif;om;awG&J@v_yf¶Sm;r_xJrSm wufºuGpGm yg0ifcJholjzpfygw,f? 1938 ckESpfu qENjyyGJrSm ausmif;om;or*~&J@tvHudk jrifhjrifhudkif+yD; a¶S@qHk;uaecsDwufcJhwJholu awmh OD;=unfarmifyJjzpfygw,f? ausmif;om;awG&J@ csDwufqENjyr_udk &yfwef@+zdKcGJzdk@twGuf jrif;pD;ykvdyfawG [m ausmif;om;xk=um;0if+yD; eHygwfwkwfeJ@¶dkufygw,f? tJ'Dvdk jrif;pD;ykvdyfawGu ¶kwfw&uf0if¶dkufvdk@ yxrqHk;t¶dkufcH&wJh ausmif;om;awGxJrSm OD;=unf armifvnf; yg0ifygw,f? OD;acgif;rSm oHk;csuft¶dkufcH&+yD; yHkvJusoGm;ygw,f? ol@&J@taemufrSmuyf+yD; csDwuf vdkufygvmwJh udkatmifausmf[m csufaumif;udkwcsufwnf;t¶dkufcH&+yD; yHkvJusoGm;ygw,f? em&Dtenf; i,frSmawmh udkatmifausmfqdkwJh ausmif;om;vli,f[m tJ'D'%f&meJ@yJ aq;¶HkrSmuG,fvGefoGm;ygw,f? 'Dowif;a=umifh jynfolw&yfvHk; a'gotHkºuGr_[m wEdkifiHvHk; jyef@ESH@oGm;ygawmhw,f? Adkvfatmif ausmfqdkwJh ausmif;om;tmZmenfqdkwJh emrnf[m w&m;r#wr_eJ@vGwfvyfr_twGufwdkufyGJ0ifaewJh ausmif; om;awG&J@ pdwfxJrSm 'Duae@txd usef&pfaewkef;ygyJ? ppfjzpfyGm;vmawmh OD;=unfarmif[m jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmfxJ0ifvdkufygw,f? vGwfvyfa&; twGuf wyfrawmfxlaxmifcJhwJh olawGtrsm;tjym;udk tJ'Duwnf;u odu|rf;vmcJhygw,f? ppfwyfeJ@EdkifiH a&; cGJjcm;Edkifr_udk aumif;pGmodjrifcH,lxm;wJh olwOD;jzpfwJhtwGuf 1962 ckESpfrSm ppfwyfutm%modrf;wJh udpPudk tjyif;txefqef@usifcJhwJholjzpfygw,f? 'ga=umifhvnf; 1963 ckESpfrSm taemufydkif;wdkif;ppfXmecsKyf wdkif;rª;tjzpfeJ@ wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOfrSmyJ t+idrf;pm;,lzdk@ajymwJhtwGuf tem;,lvdkuf&wmuawmh odyf +yD;tHh=op&mr[kwfygbl;? wyfrawmfuae t+idrf;pm;,l+yD;wJh 25 ESpfwmumvtwGif;rSm axmifESpf}udrfuscJhygw,f? ppfwyf udk (aemufydkif; jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD) qef@usifw,fqdkwJh oHo,eJ@ axmifuscH&wJh 'DESpf}udrf[m pkpk aygif; (7)ESpf=umcJhygw,f? 1988 ckESpf/ 'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk jzpfjzpfjcif;rSmyJ OD;=unfarmif[m wwd,t}udrf tusOf;axmif xJrSm txdef;odrf;cHcJh&ygw,f? 'gayr,fh wvavmuft=umrSm jyefvGwfvmygw,f? 1988 ckESpf/ pufwif

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bmvrSm ol[m trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf&J@ tvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwD (12)OD;xJu tzGJ@0ifwOD;jzpfvm ygawmhw,f? 1989 ckESpf/ ZlvdkifvrSm OD;wifO;D eJ@usrwdk@ aetdrfrSm txdef;odrf;cH&+yD;wJhaemuf tifeft,fvf'D&J@ tr_aqmifaumfrwDawGu acgif;aqmifr_tiftm;udkjyefpkzdk@ qHk;jzwfwJhtcsdefrSmawmh 1990 jynfhESpf a¶G; aumufyGJrSm atmifyGJcHEdkifzdk@ OD;aqmifcJhwJh OD;=unfarmifudk a¶G;cs,fcJhwmygyJvdk@ ajym&ifrrSm;Edkifygbl;? a¶G;aumufyGJ+yD;wJhaemuf &ufowWywftenf;i,frSm tm;vHk;aysmf¶$ifpGmeJ@ atmifyGJcH=u+yD;aemuf jrefrmjynfolawGu tm%mydkifawG[m a¶G;aumufyGJ&v'fudk av;pm;zdk@ pdwfqENr&nfoefbl;qdkwm wjznf; jznf; oHo,¶Sdvmygw,f? 'Dvdk oHo,pdk;&drfpdwfudk cdkifrmapcJhwmuawmh OD;=unfarmif[m 1990 pufwif bmvrSm pwkwˆt}udrfajrmuf tzrf;cH&+yD; ppfcHk¶Hk;u axmif'%ftESpf(20)csvdkufwmyJ jzpfygw,f/ 'gayr,fh vnf; ol[m 1995 ck/ rwfvrSm jyefvGwfvmygw,f? - a':atmifqef;pk=unf. “jrefrmjynfuvmwJhpm” trSwf(19)rS ² ² ² ¢ 31? Adkvfwaxmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? a'gufwmarmifarmifausmf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmarmifarmifausmfonf Adkvfwaxmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(14816)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(71²41)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? &efukef+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ausmfpde/f trd a':wifvSwdk@rS 1961 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (4)&uf ae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? &cdkiftrsdK;om;/ Ak'
ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (25)&ufae@rS 1961 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (15)&ufae@twGif; awmifydkif;wkdif;ppfXmecsKyf wGif wkdif;r–;tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf a&G;aumufyJGYbufvdkufcJha=umif;pdppfawG@&Sd&ojzifh[kqdkum 1961 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (13)&ufae@ &mxl;cef@xm;a&;tzJG@tpnf;ta0;rS wyfrawmfwGifppfr_xrf;jcif;rS t+idrf;pm;,lcGifhjyKcJhonf? 1961 ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd jrefrmEkdifiHqdkif&moHtrwf}uD; =opa=w;vs/ (e,l;ZDvef)ygyl;wGJI/ tD*spf/ jyifopf/ (pydfefESifh,leufpukd)tzJG@wkd@ygyl;wGJwm0ef,lI/ 1975 ckESpfwGif t+idrf; pm;,lcJhonf? rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@ESifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwdk@wGif A[dkOuUXwm0ef,lcJhonf? OD;atmifa&$onf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX tjzpf vufrSwfa&;xkd;v#uf a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftzGJ@0iftjzpfrS xkwfy,fa=umif;jzifh aumfr&SifxHodk@ay;ydk@cJhonf/ aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (12)&ufae@wGifowif;xkwfjyefcsuftrSwfpOf(38§91)jzifh xkwfjyef&mwGif “a':atmifqef;pk=unfonf aomif;usef;olrsm;ESifhqufoG,fcJhonfudk EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmuf a&;tzJG@ twGif; a&;r–;(1)u owif;pm&Sif;vif;yJGwckwGif wkdif;odjynfod/ urBmod&Sif;vif;ajym=um;csuft& cdkifvHkonfh taxmuftxm;&Sdae+yDjzpfa=umif;/ xdk@jyif EdkifiHjcm;owif;v$ifhXmersm;jzpf=uaom bDbDpD/ AGDtdkat/ attdkiftmwdk@rSvnf; ae@pOfrjywf a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyf. acgif;aqmiftjzpfazmfjy+yD; aoG;xdk;v_H@aqmftoHv$ifhcsufrsm;t& a':atmifqef;pk=unfonf EdkifiHjcm; wdkif;jynf. tzJG@tpnf;wckckrStaxmuftyHhudk oG,f0dkufaomenf;jzifhvufcH&&Sdaeonf[k ygwDpHk'Drkdua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sifu ,lqa=umif;aqG;aEG;csuft& trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyf onf wkdif;jynf.tusdK;/ wdkif;oljynfom;[email protected];twGuf trdsK;om;a&;udkOD;wnf&nf&G,faeonfh tzGJ@ tpnf;jzpfyga=umif;/ wdkif;jynfta&;onf vlyk*~dKvfta&;xufta&;}uD;ygojzifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyf . rGefjrwfaomtrdsK;om;a&;udkqufvufpnf;±Hk;aqmif&GufEdkifa&;twGuf a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; trsKd; om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyf tzJG@0iftjzpfrSxkwfy,fvdkufyga=umif;/ 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (11)&ufae@wGif usif;yðyvkyfonfh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyf A[dktvkyftr_aqmif tpnf;ta0;qHk;jzwfcsuft& trdsK; om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyf A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzJG@ukd,fpm; OuUXOD;atmifa&$.vufrSwfa&;xdk;wifjycsuf” [lIazmfjyyg&Sdonf? ¡ tifeft,fvf'D&J@ OuUX uawmh OD;atmifa¶$jzpfygw,f? ol[m 1942 ckESpfrSm jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&; wyfrawmf bDtdkifatxJudk 0ifcJhygw,f? 'kwd,urBmppf}uD;jzpfyGm;aecsdeftwGif; wdkif;jynftwGuf us&mae &muae b,fvdkyJjzpfjzpf wm0efwckudkxrf;aqmifzdk@vdktyfw,fvdk@ cH,lcJh=uwJh ynmwwfvli,frsm;xJrSm ol[mwa,muftygt0ifjzpfygw,f? (wyfrawmfxJr0ifcif 2 ESpfavmufuwnf;u &efukefwuUodkvfuae bGJ@&cJhygw,f?) 1948 ckESpfrSm jrefrmEdkifiH[m vGwfvyfwJhEdkifiHjzpfvm+yD;wJhaemuf ol[m wyfrawmfxJrSmyJ quf vufwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhygw,f? 1950 ckESpfawG&J@tukefydkif;rSmawmh tJ'Dumvwkef;u vltenf;i,fom¶Sd ao;wJh Adkvfrª;csKyf&mxl;udk&¶SdcJhygw,f? 1962 ckESpfrSm awmifydkif;wdkif;ppfXmecsKyf&@J wdkif;rª;tjzpf wm0efxrf; aqmifaecsdefrSmyJ ol@udkwyfrawmfuae t+idrf;pm;,lcdkif;+yD; =opa=w;vseJ@ e,l;ZdvefEdkifiHqdkif&m oHtrwf tjzpfapv$wfjcif;cHcJh&ygw,f? tJ'Dwke;f uawmh bmjzpfvdk@ t+idrf;pm;,lcdkif;+yD; ajymif;a¶$@vdkufw,fqdkwJh ta=umif;udk w&m;0if¶Sif;vif;ajym=um;jcif;r¶SdcJhygbl;? 'gayr,fhvnf; tifeft,fvf'Dacgif;aqmifawGudk jynfolvlxkurESpfoufatmif/ vufrcHatmif trsdK;rsdK;oduQmcswJhvkyf&yfawGudk vkyfaqmifwJhtaeeJ@ vGefcJh wJhESpftenf;i,ftwGif;u tpdk;&xkwfa0wJh pme,fZif;awGrSm OD;atmifa¶$[m 1960 ckESpf a¶G;aumufyGJum vwkef;u ygwDpGJ/ *dk%f;*%pGJeJ@ vkyfaqmifr_awG¶SdcJhvdk@ wyfrawmfuae t+idrf;pm;ay;cJh&wmjzpfa=umif;qdk+yD; a&;om;=uygw,f? trSefuawmh ol[m tJ'Da¶G;aumufyGJwkef;u ppfwyf[mqdk¶S,fvpfawGtEdkif&zdk@twGuf wzufowfudkifwG,fv_yf¶Sm;r_awGeJ@ywfouf+yD; jypfwifa0zefcH&rSmudkumuG,fzdk@ }udK;yrf;r_awG&J@ om;aumif jzpfcJholyg? - 252 -

OD;atmifa¶$[m =opa=wvsrSm wm0efxrf;aqmif+yD;wJhaemuf tD*spf/ tJ'Daemuf yJ&pf ponfjzifh 1975 ckESpfrSm tpdk;&0efxrf;b0uae t+idrf;pm;,lcJhwJhtxd wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhygw,f? tJ'Daemuf &efukef +rdK@rSmyJ tajccsaexdkifcJhygw,f? &efukef+rdK@uawmh tm;vHk;od+yD;wJhtwdkif; 1988 ckESpfrSm jynfolvlxktHkºuGr_ }uD; wdkif;jynfeJ@tESH@ysH@oGm;apcJhwJh tpysdK;&mae&myJjzpfygw,f? jrefrmjynfoljynfom;awG[m jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD(rqv)&J@ wygwDtm%mcsKyfudkifr_ a=umifh wcgu ta¶S@awmiftm¶SrSm zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufr_tv#ifjrefqHk;vdk@qdkwJh EdkifiHtqifhuae urBmay:rSm tqif;&JqHk;EdkifiHpm&if;xJudk 0ifoGm;cJh&vdk@ tifrwef+iD;aiG@ae+yDjzpfygw,f? wygwDpepfvnf;+ydKusoGm;a&m jrefrmjynfrSm ygwDawGtajrmuftrsm;ay:vmawmhwmygyJ/ 'kwd, urBmppf+yD;+yD;csif;umvu *syefEdkifiHtajctaeawGudk aumif;aumif;odwJholawGuawmh jrefrmjynfrSm ygwD awGbma=umifh 'Davmuftxdrsm;jym;ae&ovJqdkwmudk od=uygw,f? 'Dvdkay:aygufvmwJhygwDawGxJu tifeft,fvf'DxJrSm OD;atmifa¶$[m tvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwD0if wOD;jzpfovdk tifeft,fvf'D&J@ w&m;0if r[mrdwfvnf;jzpfwJh rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@&J@ OuUX vnf;jzpfygw,f? rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@qdkwm wyfrawmfuae t+idrf;pm;,lcJholawG pkaygif;zGJ@pnf;xm;wmjzpf ygw,f? 'Dvdk ygwDaygif; 200 ausmf¶SdwJhtxJrSm (rqv)[mvnf; wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD (wpn)qdkwJhemrnfeJ@ yg0ifygw,f? tifeft,fvf'D[mvnf; jrefrmjynfolvlxktrsm;pk&J@ tm;ay;axmufcH r_udk t}uD;tus,f&cJhygw,f? 'Dvdk jynfolvlxk=um;xJrSm a&yef;pm;vmav/ vl}udKufrsm;vmav/ pnf;¶Hk; a&;pGrf;&nfawGa=umifh ygwD&J@taetxm;wdk;wufjrifhrm;vmav ygwD0ifawGudk ppfaq;ar;jref;r_awG/ ygwD&J@ v_yf¶Sm;r_udk uef@owfcsKyfcs,fr_awG wdk;jrifhvmavygyJ? 1989 ckESpf ZGefvrSm tifeft,fvf'D&J@twGif;a&;rª; 2 OD;xJu wOD;jzpfwJh OD;0if;wif[m zrf;qD; axmifcscH&+yD; ZlvdkifvrSmawmh OuUX OD;wifOD;eJ@ taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;jzpfwJh usr[mvnf; aetdrfrSm tus,fcsKyfcsxm;cH&ygw,f? 'DvdkzdESdyfr_trsdK;rsdK;udkcHcJh&ayr,fhvnf; 1990 jynfhESpf arvrSmusif;ycJhwJh a¶G;aumufyGJrSmawmh rJqENe,fpkpkaygif;&J@ 82 &mcdkifE_ef; tjywftowftEdkif&cJhygw,f? 'gayr,fhvnf; jynf olvlxkuar#mfvifhxm;ovdk 'Drdku&ufwpftpdk;&vufxJudk tm%mv$Jajymif;ay;jcif; rjyKvkyfcJhygbl;? tJ'D tpm; ygwD+ydKuGJysufpD;a&;twGuf&nf¶G,f+yD; trsdK;rsdK;aomzdESdyfcsKyfcs,fr_awG jyKvkyfcJhygw,f? pufwifbmvxJrSm tifeft,fvf'D&J@ ,m,DOuUX vkyfaewJh OD;=unfarmifudkzrf;cJhjyefygw,f? aemufqHk;usefcJhwJhOD;atmifa¶$vnf; tcuftcJawGtrsdK;rsdK;=um;xJuyJ ygwDqufvuf&yfwnfEdkifzdk@twGuf taumif;qHk;enf;vrf;awGeJ@ udkifwG,fv_yf¶Sm;cJh&ygw,f? 1990 aemufydkif;rSm tifeft,fvf'DtaeeJ@ EdkifiHa&;ygwDwcktjzpf qufvuf&yfwnfEdkifa&;udk aESmifh,Suf+cdrf;ajcmufr_trsdK;rsdK;=um;xJu ¶kef;uefae&wJh OD;atmifa¶$udk rsm;pGmulnDcJholuawmh tifeft,f vf'D tvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@&J@ rlvtzGJ@0ifvnf;jzpf/ tifeft,fvf'D&J@ b¾ma&;rª;vnf;jzpfwJh OD;vGifygyJ? - a':atmifqef;pk=unf. “jrefrmjynfuvmwJhpm” trSwf(18)rS ² ² ² ¢ 33? r&rf;ukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? a'gufwmar0if;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmar0if;jrifhonf r&rf;ukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(20513)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(74²18)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? armfv+rdKif+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1950 jynfhESpf/ rwfv (8)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;aomif;[email protected]; jzpfonf? a'gufwmar0if;jrifhonf 1967 ckESpfwGif aq;wuUodkvf(1)rS q&m0efbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1978 ckESpfrS 1981 ckESpftxd ajrmufOuUvmyESifh ausmufwHwm;or0g,r tcsdefydkif;q&m0ef/ 1981 ckESpfrS 1983 ckESpf - 253 -

txd vufaxmufq&m0ef(&efukefjynfol@aq;±Hk}uD;)/ 1983 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd q&m0ef(ordkif;roef rpGrf;txl;ukaq;¶Hk)/ 1988 ckESpf/ atmufwkdbmv (31)&ufae@wGif0efxrf;tjzpfrSE_wfxGufonf? r&rf;ukef; e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif twGif;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1997 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (28)&uf ae@wGif r&rf;ukef;+rdK@e,ftzGJ@csKyf¶Hk;wGif tzGJ@csKyfvli,frsm;wm0efay;tyfjcif;tpnf;ta0; jyKvkyf&efpDpOfcJh&m tpdk;&qef@usifa&;qlylv_yf¶Sm;r_jyKvkyf&efpDpOfcJhonf[kqdkum 1997 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (26)&ufae@wGif &efukef taemufydkif;c¶dkifw&m;¶Hk;Y 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (n)jzifh tr_zGifhw&m;pGJqdkcJh+yD;/ 1997 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (9)&ufae@wGif tvkyfESifhaxmif'%f(7)ESpfcsrSwfcJhonf? 2004 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (23) &ufae@wGif yk'fr 10 (u)jzifh aemufxyfjypf'%f &ufaygif;(60)csrSwfcJhonf? 34? r*FvmawmifnGef@+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? a'gufwmatmifcifqifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmatmifcifqifhonf r*Fvmawmif!Gef@+rdK@e,frJqEe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(21648)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(82²95)jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? yckuUL+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;armifuav;(ausmif;tkyfq&m}uD;)/ trd a':oDv(iSufaysmukefonf)wdk@rS 1935 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (1)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwm atmifcif qifhonf yckuULAk'
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35? r*FvmawmifnGef@+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? a'gufwmoef;atmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmoef;atmifonf r*Fvmawmif!Gef@+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(19204)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(76²93)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;apmcdkif/ trd a':apmykwdk@rS 1944 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (5)&ufae@wGifarG; zGm;cJhonf? ausmufjzL+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;oef;atmifonf ausmufjzLtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ &efukef wuUodkvf/ &efukefaq;wuUodkvf(1)wkd@wGif q&m0efbJG@&onftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1974 ckESpfwGif udk,fydkifaq;ukcef;/ 1975 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd r*Fvmawmif!Gef@or0g,raq;cef; wm0efcHq&m0ef? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? a'gufwmoef;atmiftm; 1997 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&DvwGif etztm%mydkifrsm;u vlaor_jzifh t"rRtr_qifzrf;qD;cJhonf? a'gufwm oef;atmif.ukd,fykdifaq;cef;wGif vma&mufta&;ay:aq;ukor_cH,lonfh yef;em&ifusyfa0'emonf vlem wOD;tm; ta&;ay:toufu,faq;xkd;ay;+yD; &efukefaq;¶kH}uD;udktjrefoGm;&efa'gufwmoef;atmifrS t}uHay;cJhonf? tqdkygvlrrm &efukefaq;¶kH}uD;a&mufonfhtcg wm0efusq&m0efrsm;rS &efukefjynfol@ aq;¶kHtopfodk@oGm;&ef xyfrHn$ef=um;cJhonf? aq;¶kHtopfodk@toGm; vlemwifvmonfhum; bD;ayguf oGm;+yD; bD;topf&efpDpOfcJh&m tcsdeftawmf=umoGm;cJhonf? aemufqkH; aq;¶kHopfodk@ra&mufrDvrf;wGif vlemaoqkH;oGm;cJhonf? aoqkH;olvlem. aqGrsKd;om;csif;rsm;rS tajctaejzpf&yfrSeftm;vkH;tm; od&Sdxm; onfhtwGuf a'gufwmoef;atmiftay: wpkHw&mjypfwifajymqdkjcif;rjyKcJhaomfvnf; +rdK@e,ftm%mydkifrsm; vufoyfarG;xm;onfh}uHhzGH@rsm;rS aq;xkd;rSm;IvlrrmaoqkH;&jcif;jzpfa=umif; tr_qifwdkif=um;cJhojzifh zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; axmif'%f(14)ESpfcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 36? r*Fvm'Hk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;=unf0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;=unf0if;onf r*Fvm'Hk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(14404)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(50²0)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;jrifha0/ trd a':at;at;wdk@rS 1949 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (12)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD=unf0if; onf &efukefwuUodkvfrS ody`H(ocsFm)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1974 ckESpf/ OD;oef@ta&;tcif;wGif wuUodkvfausmif; om;rsm;A[dkaumfrwD OuUX tjzifhaqmif&GufcJhI axmif'%f(7)tjypfay;jcif;cHcJh&onf? r*Fvm'Hk+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf twGif;a&;r–;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ &efukefwdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;tjzpfvnf;aumif; aqmif&GufcJhonf? 1999 ckESpf/ ZGefv (11)&ufae@wGifusif;yjyK vkyfcJhonfh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@. tpnf;ta0;qHk;jzwfcsuft& 1999 ckESpf/ ZGefv (14)&ufae@ &ufpGJygpmtrSwf/ 040§pnf;(pnf;¶Hk;)§99 jzifh OD;=unf0if;tm; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; vHk;0udk,fpm;rjyKawmhonfh udk,fpm;vS,fjzpfa=umif; xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? etz rS 2004 ckESpf/ arv (17)&ufae@wGif jyefvnf usif;yonfh trsdK;om;nDvmcHodk@ woD;yk*~vtjzpf a¶G;aumufyGJwGifa¶G;cs,fcHxm;&aomudk,fpm;vS,frsm; tpktzGJ@wGif yg0ifwufa&mufcJhonf? 37? r*Fvm'Hk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?

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OD;wifxGef;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifxGef;armifonf r*Fvm'kH+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(15537)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;( 55²09)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? =unfhjrifwdkif(&efukef)Zmwdjzpfonf? tz 'kwd,Adkvfr–;}uD;vSarmif(t+idrf;pm;)/ trd apm!Gef@ wdk@rS 1944 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (27)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;wifxGef;armifonf ,leufwpfc&pf,mef ausmif; tvHkrS wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifI &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUokdvfrS 1966 ckESpfwGif ody`H(±lyaA') bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1967 ckESpfwGif r[mody`Htydkif;(u)odk@wufa&mufpOf owWK§blrdaA'XmewGif tvkyfoif blrdaA't&m&Sd/ 1969 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmf(=unf;)Akdvfoifwef;ausmif; trSwfpOf(40)odk@ wufa&mufcJhI 1970 jynfhESpf/ oif;wef;qif;t+yD; taumif;qHk;ausmif;om;qk&¶Sdonf? 1970 jynfhESpfrS 1974 ckESpftxd tvkyf±HkcJGr–; uyp(1)/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpt f xd tvkyf±Hkr–; xkwfvkyfa&; uyp(5)/ 1987 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1999 ckESpf/ ZGefv (11)&ufae@wGifusif;yjyK vkyfcJhonfh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@. tpnf;ta0;qHk;jzwfcsuft& 1999 ckESpf/ ZGefv (14)&ufae@ &ufpGJygpmtrSwf/ 040§pnf;(pnf;¶Hk;)§99 jzifh OD;=unf0if;tm; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; vHk;0udk,fpm;rjyKawmhonfh udk,fpm;vS,fjzpfa=umif; xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? etz rS 2004 ckESpf/ arv (17)&ufae@wGif jyefvnf usif;yonfh trsdK;om;nDvmcHodk@ woD;yk*~vtjzpf a¶G;aumufyGJwGifa¶G;cs,fcHxm;&aomudk,fpm;vS,frsm; tpktzGJ@wGif yg0ifwufa&mufcJhonf? 38? ajrmufOuUvmy+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? a'gufwmoef;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmoef;0if;onf ajrmufOuUvmy+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(38025)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(67²14)jzifh a&G;cs,fwif ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? &efukef+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pdef0if;/ trd a':=uif&Dwkd@rS 1949 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (18)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwmoef;0if;onf pdef@aygvfausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhI aq;wuU odkvf(1)rS 1974 ckESpfwGif q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1974-75 ckESpfwGif tvkyfoifq&m0ef/ wyfrawmfaq;±Hk }uD;(r*Fvm'Hk)/ 1976 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd udk,fydkifaq;ukcef;zGifhvSpfcJhonf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 39? ajrmufOuUvmy+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;ausmf!Gef@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmf!Gef@onf ajrmufOuUvmy+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(35503)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(72²93)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? 1948 ckESpf/ {+yDv (19)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? rtlyif+rdK@e,f/ tv,fwef;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;pdefjr.om;jzpfonf? OD;ausmf!Gef@onf wef;jrifhausmif;xGufvufrSwf&pmar;yGJatmifjrifcJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif wufºuGpGmyg0ifcJhonf? 40? arSmfbD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? - 256 -

OD;pdk;wif(c)OD;pdk;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdk;wif(c)OD;pdk;onf arSmfbD+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(17451)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(58²64)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? 1941 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (29)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? oxHk+rdK@e,f odrfqyd f&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;armifxGef; .om;jzpfonf? OD;pdk;onf 1958 ckESpfwGif wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifI 1961 ckESpfwGif tif;pdefpufr_ vufr_ody`HrS v#yfppftm;(at*sDwDtdkif)atmifjrifcJhonf? 1963 ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd 'kwd,vufaxmuf tif*sDeD,m/ tif*sDeD,m(rif;bl;/ rauG;/ yJcl;/ arSmfbD)/ 1989 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&DvwGif arSmfbD+rdK@e,f/ v#yfppf tif*sDeD,mwm0efrS t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif wufºuGpGmyg0ifcJhojzifh 1988 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (2)&ufae@rS 1989 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (4)&ufae@ txd yk'fr (10)ujzifh xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 41? arSmfbD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;cifarmifxGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cifarmifxGef;onf arSmfbD+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(13056)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(50²8)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? 1928 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (5)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;jrwfomxGef;.om;jzpfonf? OD;cifarmifxGef;onf ppf}uD;twGif; Armhwyfrawmfodk@&JabmftjzpfESifh0ifa&mufcJhonf? yÌrywfAdkvfoifwef;wufI zufqpf awmfvSefa&;wGif wkdif;(7)/ wyf&if;(103) Adkvfavmif;&mxl;jzifhyg0ifcJhonf? ppf}uD;t+yD;; q,fwef;atmifjrif I &efukefwuUodkvfodk@wufa&mufonf? Oypmody`Hwef;atmifjrifonf? ausmif;om;oHr%dwyf zJG@pnf;a&; wGifOD;aqmifyg0ifcJh+yD; ArmhwyfrawmfAdkvfoifwef; tywfpOf(3)odk@wufa&mufcJhonf? 1950 jynfhESpfrS 1960 jynfhESpftxd qo& 'kAdkvf/ t*Fvefodk@ qufoG,fa&;t&m¶Sdoifwef;wuf&ef (2)}udrfoGm;a&mufcJhonf? qo& wyfpkr–;/ wyfcJGr–;/ (w&kwfjzLppfqifa&;ESifh aomif;usef;r_ESdfrfESif;a&;)/ 1960 jynfhESpfrS 1970 jynfhESpf txd qo& 'kwd,Adkvfr–;}uD;/ rEWav; wvu/ cvu/ evu wdk@wGif OuUX/ tzJG@0if/ wkdif;ajr,maumfrwD OuUX/ 1970 jynfhESpfrS 1981 ckESpt f xd qufoG,fa&;!¸ef=um;r_XmeESifhqufoG,fa&;aumfya&;&Sif; !¸ef=um; a&;rª;csKyfESifh OD;aqmif!¸ef=um;a&;r–;/ jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD uvmyfpnf;acgif;aqmif/ tvkyform; tpnf;t±Hk; A[kdOD;pD;/ tjynfjynfqdkif&ma=u;eef;qufoG,fa&;nDvmcH/ pmydk@wkdufor*~nDvmcHESifh +*dKvfwk qufoG,fa&;ESifhtm&SEkdifiHqufoG,fa&;ynmnd‡E_dif;pnf;a0;yJGrsm;oGm; acgif;aqmif/ armfuGef;0if('kwd,qifh) ESifh EdkifiH*k%f&nf(yxrqifh)&onf? rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@ESifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dkwGif wm0ef,lcJhonf? 42? &efuif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? a':cifat;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a':cifat;jrifhonf &efuif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(25949)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²08)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? armfv+rdKifu|ef;Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pH!Gef@/ trd a':tkef;wdk@rS 1929 ckESpf/ ZGefv (28)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJh - 257 -

onf? a':cifat;jrifhonf i,fpOfu jynf+rdK@wGifynmoif=um;cJhI 1952 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…mbJG@/ 1958 ckESpfwGif ynma&;0dZ…mbJG@&¶Sdonf? 1952 ckESpfrS 1965 ckESpt f xd A[ef;tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif txufwef;jy/ 1965-66 ckESpfwGif vufaxmufuxdu uefbJhq&mtwwfoifody`H/ 1967 ckESpfrS 1972 ckESpftxd ajrmuf OuUvmtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1) ausmif;tkyf}uD;/ 1972 ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd wmarGtpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1) ausmif;tkyf}uD;/ 1986 ckESpfwGif vkyfoufjynfht+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? &efuif;+rdK@ e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1999 ckESpf/ ZGefv (11)&ufae@wGifusif;yjyK vkyfcJhonfh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@. tpnf;ta0;qHk;jzwfcsuft& 1999 ckESpf/ ZGefv (14)&ufae@ &ufpGJygpmtrSwf/ 040§pnf;(pnf;¶Hk;)§99 jzifh a':cifat;jrifhtm; trsdK;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; vHk;0udk,fpm;rjyKawmhonfh udk,fpm;vS,fjzpfa=umif; xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? 43? a&$jynfom+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;pdefvGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdefvGif(Adkvfr–;}uD;oefxGef;-t+idrf;pm;)onf a&$jynfom(+rdK@opf)rJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(12400)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(62²22)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;jr&$ef;/ trd a':pdefrwdk@rS 1922 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? }udK@yif aumuf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;pdefvGif(Adkvf}uD;oef;xGef;-t+idrf;pm;)onf }udK@yifaumuf+rdK@trsdK;om;txuf wef;ausmif;wGif q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1942 ckESpfrS 1945 ckESpftxd ArmhumuG,fa&; wyfrawmf(bD'Dat) wyf&if;(2) ysOf;rem;ppf0ef}uD;±Hk;/ xdkrS ArmhrsdK;cspfwyfrawmf(yDbDtufzf) wdkif;(4)/ (105)wyf&if; ysOfyHk}uD;pcef;zsufodrf;onftxdyg0ifcJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if('kwd,qifh)&cJhonf? 1940 jynfhESpfrS 1962 ckESpftxd ppf&Jwyf&if;(4) wyfcJGr–;wyfa&;Adkvf}uD;/ ppf&JAdkvf}uD;/ OD;pD;t&m&Sd('k)/ a&;§axmuf/ Adkvf}uD;tqifh/ wyfcJGr–;Adkvf}uD; cv&(57)/ evu OuUX tkyfwGif;/ wyfcJGr–;Adkvf}uD;/ cr&(109) vm;&_d; (vkyfouf 2 ESpfav#m@cscH&onf)? 1970 jynfhESpfwGif wyfrawmfrSwfwrf;±Hk;/ 1980 jynfhESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@(wdkif;±Hk;)wGif wm0ef,lcJhonf? 44? vom+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;=unfjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;=unfjrifhonf vom+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI0if a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(11205)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(84‹88)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1953 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (14)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;armifarmif.om;jzpfonf? OD;=unfjrifhonf tvHk tpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhI pD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvfrS bD-tDuGef;bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1972 ckESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd pDrHudef;a&;qGJa&;OD;pD;Xme(±Hk;csKyf/ vGdKifaumf/ zm;aqmif;)±Hk;0efxrf;/ 1982 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd udk,fydkifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&; awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 1993 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (15)&ufae@wGif &efukefajrmufydkif;c¶dkifw&m;¶Hk;rS 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya'yk'fr 5 (n)/ rw&m;toif;rsm;tufOya'yk'fr 17 (1)/ 1962 ckESpf/ yHkESdyfxkwfa0cGifhOya' yk'fr 17§20 wdk@jzifh jynfya&muftwdkuftcHtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;xkwfa0onfh pmtkyf/ pmapmifrsm;tm; v#dK@0SufpGmjzef@a0onf[kqdkum axmif'%ftESpf(20)csrSwfjcif;cHcJh&&mrS 2001 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (9)&ufae@wGif jrif;+cHtusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf? - 258 -

45? v_dif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;a&$ (t+idrf;pm;Adkvfrª;}uD;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? t+idrf;pm;Adkvfr–;}uD;armifa&$onf vd_if+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tm;udk,fpm;jyKI0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(24779)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(67²82)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1920 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (4)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? aygufacgif;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;bdk;om .om;jzpfonf? OD;a&$onf i,fpOfu aygufacgif;/ jynf/ &efukefwdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJhonff? &efukef wuUodkvfwGif Oypm0dZ…m tydkif;(c)Ywufa&mufaepOf ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtdkifat)odk@0if a&mufcJhonf? ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtdkifat)/ ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf(bD'Dat)/ ArmhrsdK;cspf wyfrawmf(yDADtufzf)/ Armhwyfrawmfwdk@wGifwm0efxrf;aqmifcJh&m/ 1961 ckESpfrS 1964 ckESpftxd Adkvfr–; }uD;/ wdkif;r–;(ta¶S@ydkif;wdkif;ppfXmecsKyf)/ 1964 ckESpfrS 1972 ckEpS ftxd pufr_vufr_ESifhtvkyform;Xme 0ef}uD;/ 1962 ckESpfrS 1972 ckESpftxd awmfvSefa&;aumifpD0if/ jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD A[dk aumfrwD0ifESifh A[dktvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwD0if/ A[dktvkyform;aumifpD OuUX/ 1972 ESpfwGif wm0ef tm;vHk;rS&yfpJcH&+yD;/ awmfvSefa&;tpdk;&uw&m;pGJcJh&m txl;cHk±Hk;jzifhppfaq;cJh+yD; w&m;pGJqkd&eftcsufr&SdI tr_wGiftEdkif&¶SdcJhonf? ygwD.ta&;,lcH&r_twGuf ygwDwGif;t,lcHwufcJh&m A[dkaumfrwDwGiftEdkif& aomfvnf; A[dknDvmcHt,lcHaumfrwDu ‚if;udpPudkqufvufaqmif&Gufay;jcif;r&SdcJhyg? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif wyfr–;a[mif;}uD;rsm; (15)OD;tzJG@wGifyg0ifonf? rdsK;cspf&Jabmf a[mif;rsm;tzJG@ESifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwkd@wGif A[kdtvkyftr_aqmifwm0ef,lcJhonf? OD;a&$onf rdrd.usef;rma&;tajctaea=umifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSE_wfxGufcGifhjyKyg&ef wifjyvm ojzifh aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (7)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(972)jzifh E_wfxGufcGifh jyKcJhonf? OD;a¶$rS trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfodk@ A[dkOD;pD;tzGJ@0if/ &efukefwdkif;pnf;tzGJ@0ifESifh omreftzGJ@0if tjzpfrS EkwfxGufcGifhjyK&efawmif;qdkcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@rS OD;a¶$xHrS EkwfxGufcGifhrwifjyrD 1991 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (8)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufcJhjcif;tm; trsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfodk@ }udKwiftoday;cJhjcif;r¶Sdojzifh [email protected]@usifojzifh tzGJ@csKyf. omref¶dk;¶dk; tzGJ@0iftjzpfrSyif xkwfy,fcJhonf? pnfolAdkvfrª;}uD;armifa¶$ (t+idrf;pm;/ =unf;-3575/ ,cif awmfvSefa&; aumifpD0if/ +idrf;)/ (0ef}uD;/ pufr_vufr_ESifhtvkyform;0ef}uD;Xme/ +idrf;)/ vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if(yxrqifh) EdkifiHh*k%f&nf(yxrqifh)/ *syefacwfAdkvfoifwef;tywfpOf(1)/ touf(81)ESpfonf 2001 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (4)&ufae@wGif &efukef+rdK@Y uG,fvGefonf? 46? v_dif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)? OD;apmjrodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pdtzGJ@csKyf? OD;apmjrodef;onf v_dif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(31775)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(77²97)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? jrpfom;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;+rdKif/ trd a':aiGydkifwdk@rS 1924 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (3)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;apmjrodef;onf jrpfom;'Dp}wdwfaumifpDbkwftzJG@ausmif;rS tv,fwef;atmifjrifI trsdK;om;txuf wef;ausmif;wGif t*Fvdyf-jrefrm q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? ausmif;om;or*~ twGif;a&;r–;/ 1942 ckESpfwGif ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf(bD'Dat)wyfom; r*Fvm'HkAdkvfoifwef;ausmif; 'kwd,ywfqif; - 259 -

Adkvfavmif;/ 1943 ckESpfwGif *syefjynfbk&ifhppfwuUodkvf/ wdkusdK/ ynmawmfoif/ (oifwef;+yD;qHk;/ Adkvfav; &mxl;)/ 1946 ckESpfrS 1971 ckESpftxd uENDpmcsKyft& wyfrawmfukdzJG@pnf;onfhtcg 1946 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (1)&ufae@wGif jyefwrf;0ift&m&Sd 'kwd,Adkvf/ xdkrS tru(1) rdwˆDvm/ wyfcJGt&m&Sd/ ,ltifyD(6)/ rdwˆDvm wyf&if;r–;(rdwDˆvmwdkufyJG/ 1949 ckESpfwGif autif'Dtkdzrf;qD;jcif;cH&+yD; (2)ESpfausmfcef@csKyfaESmifcH&onf)? oeu(2)/ usdKif;wHk wyf&if;r–;/ cv&(5)ESifh cv&(14)/ ppfawG wyf&if;r–;ESifh &cdkifwyfaygif;pkr–;/ A[dk(euf)/ wyfr–;}uD;/ &efukef+rdK@e,fwyfr–;/ Adkvfoifwef;ausmif;ESifht=uyfoifwef;ausmif; ausmif;tkyf}uD;/ cv&(10) awmifil/ wyf&if;r–;/ csif;oeu(4) wmcsDvdyf/ usdKif;wHk/ wyf&if;r–;ESifh acwWAsL[mr–;/ ppfOD;pD;wuUodkvf (&efukef) wGJzuf/ 1971 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (1)&ufae@wGif 'kAdkvfr–;}uD;tqifhjrifhwyfrawmfrS t+idrf;pm;,lcJh onf? }uHhcdkifa&;/ uif;axmufESifh =uufajceDtoif;wdk@wGif t"duwm0ef,lcJhonf? wyfrawmfwm0efjzifh jynfy(7)EdkifiHodk@ avhvma&;oGm;a&mufcJhonf? y-&-o-z ESifh A[dko,fydk@aumfrwD OuUX/ &efukefqdyfurf; ESifh taumufcGeftxl;rif;}uD;/ or0g,r !$ef=um;a&;r–;/ jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD wdkif;cJG(3)/ csif;jynf e,f 'kwd,OuUX/ ygwDXmecsKyf/ ynma&;Xme}uD;r–;paom ygwDwm0efwdk@udkxrf;aqmifcJhonf? rsdK;cspf&Jabmf a[mif;rsm;tzJG@ A[dkaumfrwD0if/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf +rdK@e,fem,u wm0efwdk@,lcJhonf? vGwfvyf a&;armfuGef;0if('kwd,qifh)/ EdkifiH*k%f&nf(yxrqifh)/ oD&dysHcsDbJG@wdk@&¶SdcJhonf? 47? v_difom,m+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? Adkvf}uD;oef;ºuG,f(t+idrf;pm;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? Adkvf}uD;oef;ºuG,f(t+idrf;pm;)onf v_difom,m(+rdK@opf)rJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tm;udk,fpm;jyKI0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(17248)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²98)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1927 ckESpf/ rwfv (26)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;wifh.om;jzpfonf? Adkvf}uD;oef;ºuG,f (t+idrf;pm;)onf 1300 jynfhta&;awmfyHk ausmif;om;oydwfwGifvnf;aumif;/ 1941 ckESpf/ tm&Svli,f rtlyifc&dkifwGifvnf;aumif;yg0ifcJhonf? 1947 ckESpw f Gif Armhaoewfudkifwyfodk@0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1949 ckESpfwGif ar+rdK@ bDtm&fpDavhusifha&;wyf/ yk'fr (5) jzifh (8)vtcsKyfcH&+yD; wyfrSxGufcGifhay;cJhonf? 1950 jynfhESpfwGif rtlyifc±dkifppf0efxrf;wyfodk@0ifa&mufcJh+yD; 1955 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmfodk@ul;ajymif;onfhtcg jyefwrf;0ift&m&Sdtjzpf cv&(30)wGif wm0efuscJhonf? 1961 ckESpfwGif cv&(7) (bbppfqifa&;)/ 1963 ckESpfrS 1965 ckESpftxd e,fjcm;0efaxmuf(usdKif;wHkESifhwmcsDvdwfc±kdif)/ 1966 ckESpfrS 1972 ckESpftxd evu OuUX oeyfyif/ tif;pdef/ r*Fvm'Hk/ Aef;armuf/ 1972 ckESpfwGif rdrdqENtav#muf wyfrSxGufcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd tif;pdef+rdK@e,faumifpD OuUX/ vd_ifom,m+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 48? vSnf;ul;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;apmausmfpdef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;apmausmfpdefonf vSnf;ul;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(26113)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(56²98)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? 1932 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (25)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;jrrif;.om;jzpfonf? OD;apmausmfpdefonf armfv+rdKifatbDtrfausmif;/ tvHkyJcl;u&ifausmif;wdk@wGif owWrwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? xdk@aemuf ausmif;rSxGufI opfvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif - 260 -

yg0ifcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif aus;&GmOuUX wm0ef,lcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG a¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1999 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (6)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1426)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? 49? vSnf;ul;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;pHwif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pHwifonf vSnf;ul;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(14640)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(71²96)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1947 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (22)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;vSaz.om;jzpfonf? OD;pHwifonf a&wm&Snf+rdK@e,f/ +rdK@vStpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ v,fa0;+rdK@e,f atvmtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ awmifil+rdK@ tpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)/ armfv+rdKifaumvdyf/ &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvf(jyify)wkd@wGif 0dZ…mbJG@& onftxdynmoif=um;cJhonf? txufwef;a&S@aeESifh rSwfyHkwifOya'pmar;yJGwfdk@udkvnf; atmifjrifcJhonf// 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aetjzpf vkdufyg aqmif&GuftoufarG;onf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1999 ckESpf/ Zefe0g &Dv (6)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1446)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? 50? vrf;rawmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;aeOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;aeOD;onf vrff;rawmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(15765)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(81²38)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;ae0if;(tqm[d&SifbGef;)(uG,fvGef)/ trd a':&D&Dwdk@rS 1952 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (19)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJh onf? &efukef+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;aeOD;onf pdef@yufx&pfausmif;/ a':EkEkcifausmif;/ tpdk;&txufwef; ausmif;trSwf(2) tvHk/ &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfwdk@wGif 0dZ…m(jrefrmpm)bGJ@&onftxd ynmoif=um; cJhonf// rdzydkif (ae&D&D)yHkESdyfwkdufwGif refae*smtjzpfaqmif&Gufonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdk ua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifwufºuGpGmyg0ifcJhonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS E_wfxGufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1996 ckESpf/ ZGefv (13)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuf trSwf(1270)jzifh a=unmcJhonf? 2001 ckEpS f/ Edk0ifbmv (28)&ufae@wGif &efukef+rdK@/ A[dkpnfaq;¶Hk}uD;Y uG,fvGefonf? ema&;a=umfjim ² ² ² OD;aeOD; touf (50) (ae&D&Dpmtkyfwdkuf) vrf;rawmf+rdK@e,f &efukef+rdK@/ vrf;rawmf+rdK@e,f (2§u) atmif&wemvrf;ae (pma&;q&marmifae0if;)-a':cif&Dwdk@. om;}uD;/ (OD;vGef;armif-a':cif!Gef@)wdk@. om;oruf/ (Adkvfrª;rif;aqG)-a':jrifhjrifhcifwdk@. wl§armif/ a':eDeD - 261 -

Edkif. cspfvSpGmaomcifyGef;/ armifatmif[def;0if; (ESpfvHk;csuf}uD;)/ rar0ifholwdk@. Zcif/ (OD;=unfvif)-a': wifrmquf/ (OD;pdkif;avmifvdkif;z)-a':&D&D0if;/ OD;Om%f0if;(acwW-pifumyl)-a':pkpkwifhwdk@. tpfudk}uD;/ pdkif;oD[z/ tif=uif;zESifh rif;udkEdkifwdk@. b}uD;onf 28-11-2001 &ufwGif A[dkpnfaq;¶Hk}uD;Y uG,fvGefyg I 30-11-2001 &uf eHeuf 10 em&DwGif a&a0;tat;wdkufrS a&a0;okomefodk@ ydk@aqmifrD;o+*õK[fygrnf? usef&pfolrdom;pk 51? omauw+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;armifarmifvwf(a'gufwmvd_ifeD)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifarmifvwf(a'gufwmv_difeD)onf omauw+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(32295)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(74²65)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? ysOf;rem;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;vSòrdif(&JabmfoHk;usdyf0if Adkvfrª;&ef atmif)/ trd a':v_difv_difwdk@rS 1950 jynfhESpf/ =o*kwv f (9)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? i,femrnf a'gif;av; jzpf+yD;/ wuUodkvf0ifwef;txdtrnfrSm armifarmifvwfjzpfonf? aq;wuUodkvfodk@a&muf¶Sdonfhtcg armifvd_ifeD[k trnfajymif;cJhonf? OD;armifarmifvwf(a'gufwmv_difeD)onf 1956 ckESpfrS 1959 ckESpftxd rvd_if+rdK@/ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGifynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1960 jynfhESpfrS 1968 ckESpftxd &efukef+rdK@/ a&ausmftxufwef;ausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;cJhonf? Adkvfwaxmiftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(3)rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhI 1977 ckESpfwGif aq;wuUodkvf(1)rS q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1979 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd yJcl;wdkif;twGif; aq;0efxrf;vkyfief;wdk@udkaqmif&GufcJhonf? aq;wuUodkvf(1)ausmif;om;b0 wGif u|efqG,fta&;tcif;ESifh OD;oef@ta&;tcif;wkd@wGif wufwufºuGºuGyg0ifcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@ta&;awmfyHk}uD;umvqENjy&mwGif udk,fwkdifryg0ifcJhaomfvnf; n(8)em&D jrefrmhtoH owif;ukd oHykH;wD;±_wfcs&efv_H@aqmfcJhonf? “rmCvkvif”trnfjzifh w&m;r0if pmapmifxkwfa0cJhonf? a'gufwmv_difeDonf 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwif bmv (30)&ufae@u rEWav;taemufawmif+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf±Hk;wGifjyKvkyfaom ,m,D tpdk;&zJG@pnf;a&; v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;wGif wufwufºuGºuGyg0ifaqG;aEG;cJhojzifh zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh& onf? jypfr_qdkif&mOya'yk'fr 122 (1)t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cHcJh&I a&G;aumufyJGOya'yk'fr 11 (n)ESifh +idpGef;ojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (12)&ufae@wGifa=unmcJhonf? aemifwGifjyKvkyfrnfh a¶G; aumufyGJrsm;wGif yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf? 52? omauw+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;tkef;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tkef;jrifhonf omauw+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(35576)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(70²7)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? yJcl;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGef;&if/ trd a':oef;wdk@rS 1936 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (16)&ufae@wGifarG; zGm;cJhonf? OD;tkef;jrifhonf yJcl;+rdK@ trsdK;om;txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrifI &efukefwuUodkvfrS ody`HbGJ@(bDtufpfpD)&cJhonf? 1962 ckESpfrSpI ocsFmESifh±lyaA'enf;jy udk,fydkifoifwef;zGifhvSpfvkyfudkifcJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? - 262 -

53? oCFef;u|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;odef;!Gef@(armifodef;!Gef@-aumhu&dwf)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;odef;!Gef@onf oCFef;u|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(34232)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(71²83)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? 1944 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (26)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;Om%f&if.om;jzpfonf? OD;odef;!Gef@(aumhu&dwf) onf bDattm&ft,fvf/ tdwfcsf*sDyD/ 'Da*sbJG@& w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aejzpfonf? 1959 ckESpfrS 1961 ckESpftxd u&ifjynfe,fESifhweoFm&Dwdkif; ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif/ aumhu&dwfausmif;om;or*~jzpfajrmufa&;aumf rwD twGif;a&;r–;/ ausmif;om;nD!Gwfa&;wyfOD; acgif;aqmif/ o[m,ESifhpmzwftoif;csKyf OuUX/ ausmif;om;v_yf&Sm;r_udkOD;aqmifcJhojzifh 1963 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (2)&ufae@rS 1967 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (14)&ufae@txd armfv+rdKifaxmifwGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1969 ckESpfrS 1971 ckESpftxd tif;pdef yvu pma&;0efxrf;/ 1972 ckEpS frS 1978 ckESpftxd vrf;pOfvli,fESifh ygwDXmecsKyfwdk@wGif Xmer–;? 1978 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (22)&ufae@wGif vli,fESifhywfoufaom owif;aqmif;yg;ESpfyk'fudpP/ EdkifiHa&;orm; ESpfOD;wdk@ESifhywfoufaomudpPwdk@a=umifh wm0efESifhtzJG@0iftjzpfrS &yfpJxkwfy,fjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1968 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd armifodef;!Gef@(aumhu&dwf)trnfjzifh aqmif;yg;rsm;a&;om;cJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif wufºuGpGmyg0ifcJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (6)&ufae@ wGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS &JrGefwyf+rdK@¶Sd xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh &+yD;/ 2001 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (6)&ufae@wGifjyefvGwfonf? 54? oCFef;u|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;jrifhodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrifhodef;onf oCFu|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(33392)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²78)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? 1928 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? OD;zdk;aX;.om;jzpfonf? OD;jrifhodef;onf zufqpf*syefawmfvSefa&;wGif yg0ifcJhI armfuGef;0if('kwd,qifh)&cJhonf? wdkif;jrefrmaq;q&mpmar;yGJatmifjrifxm;I udk,fydkifjrefrmh±dk;&m aq;wdkufzGifhvSpfxm;onf? 1950 jynfhESpfrS 1962 ckEpS ftxd +rdK@e,fc±dkif z-q-y-v wGifyg0ifOD;aqmifcJh onf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf(A[dk) awmifolv,form;tzJG@wGif wm0ef,lcJhonf? 55? oHk;cG+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;vGif(Adkvfr_;}uD;armifvGif-t+idrf;pm;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vGifonf oHk;cG+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(18189)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²11)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1924 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (22)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;bom.om;jzpfonf? OD;vGifonf 1942 ckESpf/ 'kwd,urBmppf}uD;rwdkifrD &efukef+rdK@wGif oli,fwef;rSq,fwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1942 ckESpfrS 1945 ckESpftxd ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtdkifat)/ ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf(bD'Dat)/ ArmhrsdK;cspf - 263 -

wyfrawmf(yDbDtufzf)wdk@wGifyg0ifcJhonf? bDd'Dat yxrywfAdkvfoifwef;qif;/ *syefjynf bk&ifhwyfrawmf ppfwuUodkvfausmif;qif;/ 1946 ckESpfwGif jyefwrf;0ift&m&Sd/ oeu(5)wdk@rS Adkvfr–;}uD;txd/ 1952 ckESpfrS 1954 ckESpftxd tqifhjrifhppfoifwef;rsm;udk t*Fvefjynf ppfwuUodkvfwdk@wGifwufcJhonf? 1962 ckESpfrS 1980 jynfhESpftxd ppfoHr–;(tar&duefjynfaxmifpk)/ 'kwd,wdkif;r–;/ wdkif;r–;/ 'kwd,0ef}uD;/ 0ef}uD;/ 'kwd, 0ef}uD;csKyf/ EkdifiHawmfaumifpD0if/ 1980 jynfhESpfwGiftem;,lcJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if(yxrqifh)/ EkdifiHh*k%f&nf(yxrqifh)/ oD&dysHcsDbJG@wkd@csD;jr‡ifhcH&onf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmf yHk}uD;+yD;aemuf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif b¾ma&;Xmer–;tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? OD;wifOD;/ OD;=unf armif/ a':atmifqef;pk=unfwdk@ zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD;aemuf 1991 ckESpf/ rwfv (26)&ufae@wGif jyef vnfzGJ@pnf;onfh tvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@wGif twGif;a&;rª;tjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unf ae tdrftus,fcsKyfrS jyefvnfvGwfajrmufvm+yD;aemuf 1995 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (9)&ufae@wGif jyefvnf zGJ@pnf;onfh A[dktvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwDY twGif;a&;rª;tjzpf jyefvnfwm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? ¡ 1990 aemufydkif;rSm tifeft,fvf'DtaeeJ@ EdkifiHa&;ygwDwcktjzpf qufvuf&yfwnfEdkifa&;udk aESmifh,Suf+cdrf;ajcmufr_trsdK;rsdK;=um;xJu ¶kef;uefae&wJh OD;atmifa¶$udk rsm;pGmulnDcJholuawmh tifeft,f vf'D tvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@&J@ rlvtzGJ@0ifvnf;jzpf/ tifeft,fvf'D&J@ b¾ma&;rª;vnf;jzpfwJh OD;vGifygyJ? 'kwd ,urBmppfjzpfvdk@ OD;vGif bDtdkifatxJ0ifwJhtcsdefwkef;u touf(18)ESpfyJ¶Sdygao;w,f? OD;vGif[m 1943 ckESpf/ =o*kwfvtwGif; *syefEdkifiH Rikugun Shikan Gakko Adkvfoifwef;ausmif;rSm oifwef;wufzdk@ apv$wfjcif;cH&wJh jrefrmt&m¶Sdavmif;awGxJu wOD;jzpfygw,f? 1945 =o*kwfvrSm jrefrmt&m¶Sdi,fav; awG ppfoifwef;+yD;wJhtcsdefrSm jrefrmEdkifiHrSm zufqpfawmfvSefa&;upaeyg+yD? OD;vGifeJ@ol@&J@vkyfazmfudkif buf t&m¶Sdi,fav;awG[m Hakone rSm 1945 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmvtxd aecJh&+yD;/ pm;zdk@aomufzdk@ twGuf rD;aoG; zkwfa&mif;cJh&ygw,f? vGwfvyfa&;&+yD;wJhaemuf OD;vGif[m wyfrawmfxJrSmyJ qufvufwm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD;/ t*Fvef eJ@ taemuf*smreDawGudk ppfoifwef;awGwufzdk@ apv$wfjcif;cH&ygw,f? 1959 ckESpfrSm ol[m 0g¶SifwefrSm ppfoHrª;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhygw,f? tar&duefjynfaxmifpkuae jyefvm+yD;wJhaemuf tv,fydkif;wdkif; ppfXmecsKyfwdkif;rª;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifaeqJrSm &efukefrSm 'k0ef}uD;wm0efxrf;aqmifzdk@ tac:cH&ygw,f? 1962 ckESpfrSm ppfwyfutm%modrf;+yD;wJhaemuf jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDudk wnfaxmifcJh+yD;/ wdkif;jynf udktkyfcsKyfaepOfumvtwGif;rSm OD;vGif[m b¾ma&;0ef}uD;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhygw,f? tJ'Daemuf 'kwd,0ef}uD;csKyf/ EdkifiHawmfaumifpD0if tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhygw,f? ol[m EdkifiHawmfaumifpD0iftjzpf rSm EkwfxGufvdkufygw,f? OD;vGif[m 1988 ckESpfrSm tifeft,fvf'DxJrSm yg0ifcJh+yD;/ ol@&J@b¾ma&;qdkif&mtawG@t}uHKawG/ ¶dk; om;ajzmifhrwfr_ *k%foduQmawGa=umifh b¾ma&;rª;tjzpf a¶G;cs,fjcif;cH&ygw,f? 1992 rSm tifeft,fvf'D udk twif;t"rRjyefvnfzGJ@pnf;cdkif;wJhtcgrSm OD;vGif[m twGif;a&;rª;wm0efudk,l+yD;/ OD;atmifa¶$[m OuUX jzpfvmcJhygw,f? - a':atmifqef;pk=unf. “jrefrmjynfuvmwJhpm” trSwf(18)rS ² ² ² ¢ 56? oHk;cG+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;ausmfjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmfjrifhonf oHk;cG+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(18282)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(67²37)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? oHk;cG+rdK@e,f/ waumaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pHvS/ trd a':apmvSwdk@rS 1934 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (1)&uf - 264 -

ae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;ausmfjrifhonf wkdif;&if;aq;ynm oHk;bmom*k%fxl;jzifhatmifjrifaom ±ddk;&maq; ynm&SifwOD;jzpfI wkdif;&if;y&aq;okawoe tcrJhvkyfief;ESifh wdkif;&if;aq;0g;wkd;wufa&;wkd@udk aqmif&GufcJh onf? pmqdkawmfr*~Zif;xkwfa0ol/ wufae0if;yHkESdyfwdkuf yHkESdyfol/ obm0owWdaq;wdkufvkyfief;wdk@udkvkyf udkifonf? 57? oHv#if+rdK@e,frJqENe, ftrSwf(1)? a'gufwm0if;Edkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwm0if;Ekdifonf oHv#if+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(18845)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(66²46)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? A[ef;(&efukef)Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;jraomif;/ trd a':!¸ef@&Sifwdk@rS 1954 ckESpf/ rwfv (10)&ufae@ wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwm0if;Ekdifonf omauw+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)rS q,fwef; atmifjrifcJhI aq;wuUodkvf(1)&efukefrS 1979 ckESpfwGif q&m0efbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1981 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpf txd jyifyq&m0ef/ 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? oefvsif +rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ#csKyfwGif OD;aqmifwm0ef,lcJhonf? 58? oHv#if+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;oef;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef;0if;onf oHvsif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(17893)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(73²67)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1930 jynfhESpf/ =o*kwfv (26)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? +rdwf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;pdefv#H.om;jzpfonf? OD;oef; 0if;onf 1951 ckESpfwGif ody`HbGJ@(yxra&$wHqdyfqk)/ 1952 ckESpfwGif ody`H(*k%fxl;)("mwkaA') a&$wHqdyfqk/ 'DyDwDESifhpDtD;(City and Guilds of London)bJG@vGef'Dyvkdrm& a&eH"mwkody`Hynm&SifwOD;jzpfonf? 1953 ckESpfwGif t}uD;wef;"mwkaA't&m&Sd(bDtdkpD) oefvsifa&eHcsufpuf&Hk/ 1977 ckESpfwGif !¸ef=um;a&;r–;/ ref;oH yk&muefpDrHudef;/ 1984 ckESpfwGif !¸ef=um;a&;r–;/ a&eH"mwkESifhobm0"mwfaiG@vkyfief;aumfya&;&Sif;/ 1987 ckESpfwGif t+idfrf;pm;,lcJhonf? a&eH"mwkESifhywfoufI bJG@vGef,ljcif;/ avhvma&;c&D;ESifh ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJrsm; wufa&mufjcif;wkd@twGuf jynfyEdkifiHaygif;(20)ausmfodk@oGm;a&mufcJh+yD; ,if;tawG@tóuHrsm;udk jrefrmha&eH vkyfief;wGif vufawG@toHk;cscJhonf? 59? tvHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? a':pef;pef;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a':pef;pef;0if;onf tvHkrJ+rdK@e,fqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(16503)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(76²54)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? a';'&J+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;udkudk}uD;(t+idrf;pm;OD;pD;r–;)/ trd a':0rf;wdk@rS 1945 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (25) &ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? a':pef;pef;0if;onf vomtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)(pdef*|ef;uGefAifh)/ +rdK@rtrsdK;orD;ausmif;wkd@wGif tajccHynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1971 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS - 265 -

Oya'bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1972 ckESpfrSpI w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aetjzpfvkdufygaqmif&Gufcho J nf? tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqEN e,ftrSwf(2) jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fOD;bbGm;.aetdfrfwGifðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpdk;&zGJ@pnf;a&;v#dK@ 0Suftpnf;ta0;odk@wufa&mufcJhojzifh oufqdkif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? xdk@aemuf jypfr_qdkif&m Oya'yk'fr 122 (1) t&jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyGJOya'yk'fr 11 (n) jzifh+idpGef;ojzifh jynfol@ v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,fzsufvdkufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&; aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (23)&ufae@wGif a=unmcJhonf? aemifwGifjyKvkyfrnfha±G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf;ydwfyifcJhonf? e0w a=unmcsuftrSwf(11§92)t& jypfr_qdkif&musifhxHk;Oya'yk'fr 401 (1) jzifh 1992 ckESpf/ arv (1)&ufae‹wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 60? tif;pdef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;xGef;v_dif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGef;v_difonf tif;pdef+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(33802)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(73²84)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? wkduf}uD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pHjrifh/ trd a':at;jrwdk@rS 1927 ckESp/f =o*kwfv (16)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;xGef;v_difonf 1943 ckESpfrS 1945 ckESpftxd tm&Svli,ftr_aqmif/ zufqpfawmfvSef a&;wGif wkduf}uD;+rdK@e,fajrmufydkif; EdkifiHa&;wm0efc/H 1945-46 ckESpfwGif tvHeDygwD +rdK@e,ftwGif;a&;r–;/ xkdrS wvcGJr#tzrf;cHcJh&+yD;aemuf &efukefwuUodkvfwGifynmqufvufoif,lcJhonf? 1947 ckESpfrS 1952 ckESpftxd ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif/ ocsFmtoif;tr_aqmif/ tif;pdefc±dkifwuUodkvfausmif;om;rsm;toif; OuUX/ 1951 ckESpfwGif ody`HbJG@&¶SdcJh+yD; Oya'0dZ…moifwef;'kwfd,ESpftxd oif,lcJhonf? 1951-52 ckESpfwGif txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ tif;pdefc±dkif +rdK@e,fq&mrsm;toif; OuUX/ 1952-53 ckESpfwGif tif;pdefc±dkif ynmtkyf/ 1953-54 ckESpfwGif tvkyfoifvufaxmufv,f0ef(xkdrS ausmif;om;b0 EdkifiHa&;aqmif¶Gufr_ a=umifh z-q-y-v tpdk;&u zrf;qD;+yD;/ tvkyfrS&yfpJvdkufonf)? 1964 ckESpfrS 1976 ckESpftxd jrefrmh qdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD0if/ ygwD,lepf OuUX/ A[dkaumfrwD0if/ A[dka&;&maumfrwD0if/ awmifolv,form; aumifpD tvkyftr_aqmif/ A[dktzJG@i,f OuUX/ 1976 ckESpfwGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDrSoef@pifjcif;cHcJh &onf? 1977 ckESpfrS 1979 ckEpS ftxd tvGwfynmoifausmif;tkyf/ 1980 jynfhESpfwGif txufwef;a&S@ae pmar;yJGatmifjrifcJh+yD;a&S@aetjzpfvkdufygcJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if('kwd,qifh)&onf? ygwDpHk'Drdk ua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1999 ckESpf/ rwfv (4)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf (1447)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? 61? tif;pdef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;pdefvSOD;(armifEG,fOD;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdefvSOD;onf tif;pdef+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(29639)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(71²05)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1938 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (17)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;bdk;b.om;jzpfonf? OD;pdefvSOD;onf owif;pmorm; wOD;jzpfI &efukefwuUodkvfESifhtar&duefjynfaxmifpkwdk@wGifynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ bDat/ 'Da*s(*sufzmqifzJ vdk;)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? ausmif;om;b0wGif wuUodkvfowif;axmuf/ ausmif;t+yD;wGif Adkvfwaxmifowif;pm t,f'Dwm(jynfwGif;/ jynfyaqmif;yg;/ acgif;}uD;rsm;a&;om;cJhonf)? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdk - 266 -

ua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif owif;pmoydwfudkacgif;aqmifcJhI/ wm0efrSt+idrf;pm;ay;jcif;cHcJh&onf? trsdK; om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfzJG@pnf;&mwGif a':atmifqef;pk=unf.tiftm;pktjzpf yg0ifcJhonf? armifEG,fOD; uavmiftrnfjzifh &kyf&Sifa0zefa&;aqmif;yg;trsm;tjym;a&;om;cJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpfwGif trsdK;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dktvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwD0if OD;pdefvSOD;onf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. *ENDa=unm csuftwdkif; e0wu v$wfawmfac:,lcGifhray;v#if trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftaejzifh aqmif&Guf&r!fh enf;vrf;oHk;oG,fudk tzJG@rsm;cJGIa&;om;ðypk&mwGifyg0ifaqG;aEG;cJhonf? rEWav;+rdK@wGif pif+ydKiftpdk;&zJG@pnf; a&; v#dK@0SufudpPwdk@udkvnf;od&Sdxm;cJhI oufqdkif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ,if;aemuf OD;pdefvSOD; onf jypfr_qdkif&mOya'yk'fr 122 (1) t& axmif'%f(10)ESpfcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&I a&G;aumufyGJOya'yk'fr 11 (n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufvdkufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG a¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (23)&ufae@wGifa=unmcJhonf? wuUodkvf ausmif;om;b0u 1962 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (7)&ufae‹ta&;tcif;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? aemifjyKvkyfrnfh a±G; aumufyGJrsm;Yyg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ arv (1)&ufae‹wGif e0w a=unmcsuf trSwf(11§92)t& jypfr_qdkif&musifhxHk;Oya' yk'fr 401 (1)jzifh tif;pdefaxmifrSjyefvGwfcJhonf? 1994 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (4)&ufae‹Y ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rSzrf;qD;cJhaom a'gufwmcifaZmf0if;.udpPESifhywfoufI ‚if; tygt0if OD;cifarmifaqG(prf;acsmif;)ESifh a':pef;pef;EGJ‹(pef;pef;EGJ‹-om,m0wD)wdk‹ESifhtwl 1994 ckESpf/ =o*kwf v (5)&ufae‹wGifxyfrHzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; axmif'%f(7)ESpf jypf'%fcsrSwfcJhjcif;cHcJh&onf?

(13) ¶Srf;jynfe,f? ¶Srf;jynfe,fwGif +rdK@e,f(52)+rdK@e,f¶Sd rJqENe,f(56)e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(22)cktm; udk,fpm;jyK,SOf+ydKifol v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(200)OD;/ woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; (4)OD;/ pkpkaygif;(204)OD;0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh=u&m ¶Sr;f wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(23)ae&m/ trsdK; om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(22)ae&m/ jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsdK;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyfrS(3)ae&m/ wtmif;(yavmif) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(2)ae&m/ u,ef;trsdK;om;rsm;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@/ jynfaxmifpk "EktrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ ¶Srf;jynfudk;uef@'Drdku&ufwpfygwD/ vm;[ltrsdK;om;zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwD/ jynfaxmifpktrsdK;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDygwDESifh wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDwdk@rS(1)ae&mpD toD;oD; a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf? 1? uavm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;jrifhoef;/ jynfaxmifpk"EktrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrifhoef;onf uavm+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif jynfaxmifpk"EktrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(11232)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(36²03)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? tz OD;ndKpdrfh/ trd a':a¶$wdk@rS 1947 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (3)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;jrifhoef;onf ynma&;wuUodkvfrS ynma&;bGJ@(bD-tD;-'D)&cJhonf? 1971 ckESpfrSpI atmifyef;tpdk;&txufwef; ausmif;wGif txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ xdkrS 1989 ckESpfwGif emrusef;yifpif,lcJhonf? xdk@aemuf pdkufysdK;a&; vkyfief;vkyfudkifonf? 1984 ckESpfwGif txufwef;olemjyK a':jrifhjrifh(usdKufvwf)ESifhvufxyfcJhonf?

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2? uGef[def;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;pdkif;vdyf(c)pJvdyf/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdkif;vdyf(c)pJvdyfonf uGef[def;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(5195)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(84²08)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cH cJh&onf? tz OD;0rf;qGrf;/ trd a':eef;vlwdk@rS 1940 jynfhESpf/ {+yDv (25)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? uGef[def; +rdK@e,f/ usdKif;vGef;qGrf;aus;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;pdkif;vdyf(c)pJvdyfonf usdKif;vGef;aus;¶Gmvlxktru/ vG,f viftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif owWrwef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpf wGif &yfuGuf(2) OuUX/ &yfuGufaumifpD OuUX/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,faumifpDtvkyftr_ aqmiftzGJ@0if/ 1985 ckESpfwGif tem;,lI udk,fydkifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfudkifcJhonf? &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyfwGif +rdK@e,fem,utjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 3? aus;oD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;xGef;wif/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGef;wifonf aus;oD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(6368)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(86²48)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;xGef;vS/ trd a':apmcifwdk@rS 1942 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? aus;oD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;xGef;wifonf aus;oD;tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ vJcsm;tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif wef;jrifhausmif;xGufpmar;yGJ atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1962 ckESpfwGif vJcsm;tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif acwW ausmif;q&m0ifvkyfcJhonf? 1963 ckESpfrSpI udk,fydkifv,f,m+cHvkyfief;jzifhtoufarG;cJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (7)&ufae@wGif uG,fvGefonf? 4? uGwfcdkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;cGefqdkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cGefqkdifonf uGwfcdkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(1761)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(35²44)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? uGwfckdif+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1916 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (9)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;cGef*srf.om;jzpfonf? OD;cGefqdkif onf uGwfcdkif+rdK@tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ t*Fvdyf-jrefrmtv,fwef;ausmif;/ vm;±_d;/ ykodrf/ paumu&if txuwdk@wGif (9)wef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1940 jynfhESpfwGif rEWav;&Jody`Hodk@wufa&mufcJhonf? 1941-42 ckESpfwGif 'k&Jtkyf/ odEMD/ 1942 ckESpfrS 1952 ckESpftxd pcef;r–;/ =uLukwf/ yefqdkif/ erf;crf;/ 1953 ckESpfrS 1959 ckESpftxd ucsifqyfpwdwfaumifpD0if/ 1959 ckESpfrS 1965 ckESpftxd &Jtkyf/ 1966 ckESpfrS 1976 ckESpftxd 'k&Jr–;/ 1976 ckEpS fwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 5? uGwfcdkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;tdkuf&D(c)OD;vS[ef/ wtmif;(yavmif)trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - 268 -

OD;tdkuf&D(c)OD;vS[efonf uGwfcdkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif wtmif;(yavmif)trsdK;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(1316)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(34²87)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? uGwfcdkif+rdK@e,f/ avmhcGrf¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;armufcrf;/ trd a':at; yGifhwdk@rS 1946 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;tdkuf&D(c)OD;vS[efonf uGwfcdkif+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif e0rwef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? xdkrS ukefoG,fa&;0efxrf;/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd uGwfcdkif+rdK@e,fjynfol@aumifpD0if/ 1976 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,for0g,r wGJzuftwGif;a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 6? ausmufrJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;vSaz(c)pdkif;z/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSaz(c)pdkif;zonf ausmufrJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDzGJ@csKyf tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(9045)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(48²42)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwif ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;aygif;auG/ trd a':qG,fcrf;pDwdk@rS 1950 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (16)&ufae@ wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? erRwl+rdK@/ yef[dkuf&yfZmwdjzpfonf? OD;vSaz(c)pdkif;zonf yef[dkuftrsdK;om;rlvwef; ausmif;/ tm0g av'DuGefAifhtxufwef;ausmif; erRwlwdk@wGif tajccHynmoif=um;+yD;aemuf 1974 ckESpf wGif pD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvfrS bDuGef;(tdkifwD)pDyDatbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? O,smOf+cHvkyfief;vkyfudkifonf? &Srf;wdkif;&if; om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDzGJ@ csKyfwGif A[dkpnf;rª;(1)wm0ef,lcJhonf? 7? ausmufrJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? pdkif;aqmifqD(c)e,fvfqif/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? pdkif;aqmifqD(c)e,fvfqifonf ausmufrJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(8427)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(50²78)jzifh a¶G; cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;aumvD.om;jzpfonf? 1948 ckESpf/ {+yDv (1)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? pdkif; aqmifpDonf 1954 ckESpfrS 1965 ckESpftxd ar+rdK@pdefrdkufu,fausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD; 1969 ckESpfwGif rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`HbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? ausmufrJ+rdK@wGif “t¶k%fOD;”wnf;cdkcef;zGifhvSpfvkyfudkif onf? &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif A[dkpm&if;ppfwm0ef,lcJhonf? 8? uGrf;vHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;&efusif;armf/ &Srf;jynfudk;uef@'Drdku&ufwpfygwD? OD;&efusif;armfonf uGrf;vHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;jynfudk;uef@'Drdku&ufwpfygwDtm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(4013)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(55²78)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? udk;uef@e,f/ ,efawmf¶Sef¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;&ef0ifajymif/ trd a':vDa¶Smufavmufwdk@rS 1938 ckESpf wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;&efusif;armfonf (8)ESpft¶G,fwGif ,efawmf¶Sef¶Gm¶Sd udk;uef@pmayoif=um;aom ausmif;Y (9)wef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? touf(22)ESpfwGif tdrfaxmifjyKI rdom;pkESifhtwlawmif,m - 269 -

vkyfief;/ ta&mif;t0,fvkyfief; vkyfudkifcJhonf? &Srf;jynfudk;uef@'Drdku&ufwpfygwDwGif 'kwd,OuUXtjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? 2004 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (13)&ufae@wGif jyKvkyfonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwD tpnf;ta0;rS OD;&efusif;armftm; tzGJ@0ifopftjzpf vufcHcJhonf? 9? usdKif;wHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;pdkif;vHkausmuf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pkdif;vHkausmufonf usdKif;wHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(7781)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(54²1)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? 1942 ckESpf/ arv (23)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;armifeD.om;jzpfonf? OD;pkdif;vHkausmufonf 1958 ckESpfwGif usdKif;wHktpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS owWrwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1960 jynfhESpfrS 1965 ckESpftxd aemifa,;tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ usKdif;wHkwGif rlvwef;jyq&mtjzpftr_xrf;cJhonf? 10? usdKif;wkH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;pdkif;&Dwpf(yf)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? pdkif;,Dwpf(yf)onf usdKif;wHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(11934)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(77²45)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? 1942 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (27)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;vHkxGD.om;jzpfonf? OD;pdkif;,Dwpf(yf)onf 1965 ckESpfwGif q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhI yxrESpfody`Hudk awmif}uD;OypmaumvdyfwGif wESpfwufa&muf+yD;/ 1966 ckESpfwGif usdKif;wHktpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)wGif tv,fwef;jyq&m/ 1970 jynfhESpfwGif tvkyfrS E_wfxGufcJhonf? 11? qDqdkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;pdef0if;/ jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsdK;om;tzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdef0if;onf qDqdkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsdK;om;tzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(2110)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(35²5)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1941 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (26)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;q&mav;.om;jzpfonf? [dkykef;+rdK@/ aemifpHkaus;¶GmZmwdjzpf onf? OD;pdef0if;onf arG;csif;(9)OD;teuft}uD;qHk;jzpf+yD;/ 1950 jynfhESpfrS 1958 ckESpftxd rEWav;+rdK@/ wdkif; cspfausmif;wGif wuUodkvf0ifwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1965 ckESpfrS 1968 ckESpftxd ausmif;q&m tjzpfvkyfudkifcJh+yD;/ 1981 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd qDqdkif+rdK@e,fjynfol@aumifpD tvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0ifjzpfcJh onf? 12? anmifa&$+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? a'gufwmOD;v_dif(c)OD;xGef;vd_if/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

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a'gufwmOD;v_dif(c)OD;xGef;v_difonf anmifa&$+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkfifvHkrJ(11874)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(63²73)jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;tkef;/ trd a':aygwdk@rS 1949 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (1)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJh onf? a&vnf&yf/ [J,m&Gmr tif;av;Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;v_dif(c)OD;xGef;v_difonf [J,m&Gmr tpdk;&txuf wef;ausmif;/ awmif}uD;+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)wdk@wGif tajccHynmoif=um;cJh+yD; wuUodkvf 0ifwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1973 ckEpS fwGif aq;wuUodkfvf(2)/ r*Fvm'HkrS q&m0efbG@J&¶SdcJhonf? xkdESpfwGif tdrfaxmifjyKcJhonf? 1976 ckESpfrS 1979 ckESpftxd &GmiH vufaxmufq&m0ef/ +rdK@e,fq&m0ef/ 1979 ckESpfrS 1980 jynfhESpf/ ZGefvtxd yk'fr 5 (n)ESifh 10 (u) wkdk@jzifhzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1984 ckESpfwGif &mxl;rS&yfpJcHcJh&onf? ,cktcg [J&m &Gmr a&vnf&yfuGufwGifaeonf? 13? anmifa&$+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;tkef;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;tkef;armifonf anmifa&$+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(2900)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(52²02)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? anmifa&$+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ºuG,f/ trd a':jr[efwkd@rS 1947 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (20)&ufae@wGifarG; cJhonf? OD;tkef;armifonf 1965 ckESpfwGif awmif}uD;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(6)rS q,fwef; atmifjrifcJhonf? awmif}uD;aumvdyfrS ±lyaA't"dujzifh 'kwd,ESpfwGifausmif;xGufonf? 1971 ckESpfwGif a':cifoef;EGJ@ESifhvufxyfcJhonf? 1981 ckESpfwGif tvkyfrSxGufcJhonf? Anmifa¶$+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf OuUX tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 14? awmif}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;ausmfcif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmfcifonf awmif}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(23958)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(58²60)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? rdk;!‡if;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;!Gef@/ trdd a':pdefwifwdk@rS 1939 ckESpf/ arv (5)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJh onf? OD;ausmfcifonf ody`HbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? ukefoG,fa&;(1)ESifh zm;uef@ausmufpdrf;wGif;wkd@wGif vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1972 ckESpfwGif awmif}uD;+rdK@odk@ajymif;a&$@aexkdifcJhonf? 1977 ckESpfwGif a':ciftkef;jrifhESifhvufxyfcJhonf? awmif}uD;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;/ jynfe,fA[dkOD;pD; tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? 15? awmif}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? cGefazaxG;(c)cGef&wema[m0f/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? cGefazaxG;(c)cGef&wema[m0fonf awmif}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(16886)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(66²73)jzihf a&G;cs,f wifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;ausmif;rmvm.om;jzpfonf? 1949 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (26)&ufae@zGm;jzpf onf? cGefazaxG;(c)cGef&wema[m0fonf ody`H(opfawm)bJG@udk 1973-74 ckESpfwGif&¶SdcJhonf? i,fpOfuyif - 271 -

orxusifhpOfukdavhvmvkdufpm;cJhI tENd,/ wdbuf/ w&kwf/ *syefESihf ax&0g'Ak'<usifhpOfwkd@udk tm;xkwf onf? jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD wif;jynfhygwD0ifjzpfcJhzl;onf? ytkd@trdsK;om;zGHG@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;tzGJG@wGif wGJzuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;r–;/ awmif}uD;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;±Hk;a&;r–;wm0efwdk@,lcJh onf? 16? wef@,ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;cGef}uD;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cGef}uD;onf wef@,ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(1865)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(54²68)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cH cJh&onf? tz OD;cGefpdef/ trd a':Edkif;wdk@rS 1930 jynfhESpf/ arv (12)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;cGef}uD;onf 1950-51 ckESpfwGif vm;¶_d;+rdK@tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;rS (7)wef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1952 ckESpfwGif ausmif; xGufI vm;¶_d;+rdK@tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;wGif vufaxmufausmif;q&m0ifvkyfcJhonf? xdkrS rdkif;&,f+rdK@odk@ ajymif;a¶$@cJhonf? 1953-54 ckEpS fwGif awmif}uD;+rdK@q&mtwwfoifausmif;odk@ wufa&mufcJh+yD;aemuf ausmif;q&mtjzpf wef@,ef;+rdK@e,f/ cdkif;ywfaus;¶Gmodk@ajymif;a¶$@vkyfudkifcJhonf? ausmif;q&mtjzpfrS tem; ,lcJh+yD;aemufwGif awmif,mvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 17? wef@,ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;xGef;qm(c)pdkif;xGef;0if;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGef;qm(c)pdkif;xGef;0if;onf wef@,ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(2322)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(48²78)jzifh a¶G; cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;cef;¶Guf/ trd a':eef;vGwfwdk@rS 1947 ckESpfwiG f arG;zGm;cJhonf? p,f[D aus;¶Gmtkyfpk/ uwfawmifaus;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;pdkif;xGef;0if;onf 1957 ckESpfrS 1962 ckESpftxd vm;¶_d; +rdK@wGif rlvwef;/ 1963 ckESpfrS 1967 ckESpftxd wef@,ef;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ 1967 ckESpfwGif wef; jrifhausmif;xGufpmar;yGJatmifjrifI 1968 ckESpfrS 1970 jynfhESpftxd awmif}uD;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef; ausmif;trSwf(6)wufa&mufcJh+yD; tajccHynmtxufwef;pmar;yGJatmifjrifcJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfwGif awmif}uD;aumvdyfodk@wufa&mufcJh+yD;/ 1972 ckESpfwGif rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ordkif;bmomt"du jzifh 0dZ…mbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,faumifpD0if/ 1978 ckESpfrS 1991 ckESpftxd wef@ ,ef;+rdK@e,f w&m;ol}uD;tzGJ@0if/ 1981 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd wef@,ef;+rdK@e,fjynfol@aumifpD tvkyftr_ aqmiftjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? xdk@aemuf v,f,mvkyfief;vkyfudkifonf? 18? wmcsDvdwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;pGHqdkif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pGefqdkif;onf wmcsDvdwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(8901)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(62²91)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;pHcuf/ trd a':eef;v#dK;wdk@rS 1960 jynfhESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (4)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;pGHqdkif;onf 1965 - 272 -

ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd wmcsDvdwf+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)wGif ynmoif=um;cJh&m &Spfwef; atmifjrifcJhonf? 1979 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd rdbESifhtwlpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1989 ckESpfwGif tdrfaxmifusonf? 19? erfhpef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;pdkif;wif0if;(c)OD;wif0if;/ &Sr;f wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdkif;wif0if;(c)OD;wif0if;onf erfhpef+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(3752)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(38²54)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwif ajr‡muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? vdGKifvif+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;jr=unf.om;jzpfonf? 1943 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (5)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;pdkif;wif0if;(c)OD;wif0if;onf 1962-63 ckESpfwGif vdGKifvif+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef; ausmif;rS ausmif;xGufvufrSwf&pmar;yGJatmifjrifcJhonf? 1963-64 ckESpfwGif opfvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfwGif erfhqef+rdK@e,fjynfol@aumifpD twGif;a&;rª;/ 1981 ckESpfwGif erfhqef+rdK@e,fjynfol@aumifpD wzGJ@vHk; ta&;,lcHcJh&ojzifh aumifpD0iftjzpfrS&yfem;cJhonf? 1981 ckESpfrpS I pdkufysdK;arG;jrLa&;vkyfief; vkyfudkifcJhonf? 20? erfhqef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;xGef;ausmf/ wtmif;(yavmif)trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGef;ausmfonf erfhqef+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif wtmif;(yavmif)trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(6095)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(63²93)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cH cJh&onf? tz OD;tdkufpif/ trd a':vSwdk@rS 1949 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (10)&ufae@wGiaf rG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;xGef; ausmfonf 1974 ckESpfwGif rEWav;pdkufysdK;a&;wuUodkvfrS pdkufysdK;a&;ynmbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1978 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd tcsdefydkif;+rdK@e,faumifpD0if/ +rdK@e,for0g,r twGif;a&;rª;/ +rdK@e,fawmifolv,form;tpnf; t¶Hk; 'kwd,OuUX/ wtmif;(yavmif)vlrsdK;[email protected] jyefvnfazmfxkwfa&;udkaqmif¶GufcJhonf? wtmif; (yavmif)trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif A[dkaumfrwD0ifESifh +rdK@e,fpnf;aumfrwD OuUX tjzpf wm0ef,lcJh onf? 21? erfhcrf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;pdkif;omat;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdkif;omat;onf erfhcrf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(20190)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(62²54)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? odEMD+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;0[m0rf;/ trd a':crfqmwdk@rS 1935 ckESpf/ arv (17)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm; cJhonf? OD;pdkif;omat;onf wuUodkvf0ifwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1959 ckESpfwGif rEWav;&Jody`HwGif 'k&J tkyfoifwef;wufa&mufcJhonf? 1960 jynfhESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd 'k&Jtkyf/ &Jtkyf/ 1972 ckESpfwGif e-v-u twGif;a&;rª;/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1984 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,fjynfol@aumifpD OuUX/ 1985 ckESpfwGif usef;rma&;a=umifh

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&Jtkyftqifhjzifh t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? EdkifiHawmf&Jtr_xrf;wHqdyf csD;jr‡ifhjcif;cHcJh&onf? &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmifwm0ef,lcJhonf? 22? aemifcsdK+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;xGef;atmif(c)OD;xGef;xGef;[def;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;xGef;atmif(c)OD;xGef;xGef;[def;onf aemifcsKd+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(18886)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(56²99)jzifh a&G;cs,fwif ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;=um[def;/ trd a':jrcifwkd@rS 1949 ckESpf/ {+yDv (30)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? jyifOD;vGif+rdK@e,f/ ZD;yif}uD;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;xGef;xGef;[def;onf 1954 ckESpfwGif ausmufrJ+rdK@ trsKd;om;txufwef;ausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD; 1966 ckESpfwGif ausmif;xGufvufrSwf&pmar;yJGESifh 1968 ckESpfwGif ausmufrJ+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJh+yD;/ 1972 ckESpfwGif rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`HbJG@(owWaA')&¶SdcJhonf? 1973 ckESpfwiG f a':pdefpdefodrf;ESifhvufxyfcJh onf? 1973-74 ckESpfwGif e,fpyfa'ouGrfvHk+rdK@Y rdbq&mcef@ txufwef;jyq&m/ 1975 ckESpfwGif txuf wef;a&S@aepmar;yGJatmifjrifcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif aemifcsKd+rdK@e,f taxGaxGoydwfuGyfuJr_aumfrwD OuUX/ 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmvwGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? aemifcsKd+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf wm0efcHtjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? 23? erRwl+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? a':arjzdK;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a':ar+zdK;onf erRwl+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf ,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(9782)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(54²84)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;+zdK; (jrefrm)ESifh trd a':&Gufwdk@rS 1927 ckESpf/ arv (5)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? a':ar+zdK;onf 0dZ…mbJG@&cJhonf? ausmif;q&mrtjzpf (22)ESpf/ trSwf(1)owˆKwl;azmfa&;aumfydka&;&Sif;wGif (19)ESpf/ tcsKyfa&;&m0efxrf;('k) tjzpfrS oufjynfhyifpif,lcJhonf? 1978 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,fjynfol@aumifpD0if(tcsdefydkif;)/ vlr_ a&;&maumfrwD twGif;a&;r–;/ +rdK@e,fpmayvkyfom;tzJG@ twGif;a&;r–;/ omoemhwuUodkvfjzpfajrmufa&; +rdK@e,f OyXmutzJG@0iftjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf? 2002 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (4)&ufae@wGif uG,fvGefonf? ema&;a=umfjim ² ² ² a':ar+zdK; (78)ESpf Teacher May

o-w-u (t+idrf;pm;) erRwl+rdK@ erRwl+rdK@/ yef[dkuf&yfuGuf(4)/ ,kZevrf;/ trSwf(5)ae OD;xGef;cif.ZeD;/ OD;wifarmifaomif;-a':eef; +idrf;vS/ OD;aZ,s-a':=unf=unfaX;/ a':cifa¶$/ OD;pdk;vSpf-a':cifxm;/ OD;pHvif;-a':,Of,Ofar/ OD;oef@Zif-a': ararat;/ OD;tHhbG,f-a':aomif;jrifhwdk@. rdcif/ ajr; 16 a,[email protected];onf 4-11-2002 &ufwGif erR wl+rdK@aetdrfY uG,fvGefI 6-11-2002 &uf nae 3 em&DwGif yef[dkufokomefwGif rD;o+*õK[f+yD;pD;yga=umif;? usef&pfolrdom;pk 24? yif;w,+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? - 274 -

OD;atmifoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmifoef;onf yif;w,+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(11062)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(55²36)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;=u,fajymif/ trd a':wifwkd@rS 1942 ckESpf/ rwfv (9)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? yif;w,+rdK@e,f/ opft,fyifaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;atmifoef;onf 1952 ckESpfwGif opft,fyifaus;&GmY rlvwef;ynm oif=um;cJh+yD; 1956 ckESpfwGif tXrwef;udk awmif}uD;+rdK@/ wkdif;&if;om;c&pf,meftxufwef;ausmif;rS vnf;aumif;/ 1960 jynfhESpfwGif yif;w,+rdK@wGJbuftxufwef;ausmif;rS (10)wef;udk (c)tqifhjzifhvnf; aumif;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1963 ckESpfrS 1974 ckESpftxd qufoG,fa&;aumfydka&;&Sif; pma&;0efxrf;/ 1974 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 25? yifavmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;armif=uD;/ jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsdK;om;tzGJ@csKyf? OD;armif}uD;onf yifavmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsdK;om;tzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(2761)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(58²55)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? yifavmif;+rdK@e,f/ wDuspfaus;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1937 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (28)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;uau.om;jzpfonf? OD;armif}uD;onf awmif}uD;+rdK@/ ya'o&mZfta¶S@ausmif;/ [J,m¶Gmr/ tif;av;/ u avm/ rEWav;/ &efukefwdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ &efukefwuUodkvfrS 0dZ…mbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? wuUodkvfausmif; om;b0wGif ytdk0fhausmif;om;or*~ 'kwd,OuUX/ yifavmif;+rdK@e,fygwD,lepf¶Hk;wGif ¶Hk;tkyf(3)ESpfvkyfcJhbl; onf? 1974 ckESpfwGif yifavmif;v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f/ udk,fydkifvufzuf+cHvkyfief;vkyfudkifonf? 26? yifavmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;p0fomwifh/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;p0fomwifhonf yifavmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(937)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(71²97)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? tz yifavmif;apmfbGm;}uD;p0fcrf;csKyf/ trd r[ma'0Dp0fjrppfwdk@rS 1934 ckESpf/ rwfv (23) &ufae@wGifarG;zGGm;cJhonf? 1957-58 ckESpfwGif q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1964 ckESpfrSpI &yf¶Gmwm0efrsm; udkxrf;aqmifcJhonf? ydÉuwfbmomjyef A[dkaumfrwD/ +rdK@e,faumifpD0iftjzpf xrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (26)&ufae@wGif uG,fvGefonf? 27? z,fcHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? cGefrm;&fudkbef/ u,ef;trsdKom;rsm;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@? cGefrm;&fudkbefonf z,fcHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif u,ef;trsdKom;rsm;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(12536)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(76²89)jzifh a¶G;cs,f - 275 -

wifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz zl;cGef;usm/ trd yD;rlaomif;wdk@rS 1941 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (23)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? u,m;jynf/ rdk;+AJe,f/ vG,f,if;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? cGefrm;&fudkbefonf 1964-65 ckESpfwGif wef;jrifhausmif;xGufatmifjrifcJh+yD;aemuf ausmif;rSxGufcJhonf? 1965 ckESpfrS 1970 jynfhESpftxd ukefoG,f a&;Xme/ 1971 ckESpfrS 1981 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,ftkycf sKyfa&;Xmewdk@wGif tr_xrf;cJhonf? 1982 ckESpfrSpI v,f,m+cHvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? u,ef;trsdKom;rsm;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@(A[dk)wGif 'kwd, OuUXtjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (11)&ufae@wGif e0wrS trdef@trSwf(7§92)jzifh u,ef; trsdKom;rsm;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; zsufodrf;cJhojzifh cGefrm;&fudkbefonf ygwDrJhjzpfoGm; +yD; woD;yk*~vtoGifa&muf¶SdoGm;cJhonf? 1995 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (21)&ufae@wGif qGD'ifEdkifiH/ AGefrm;pApfwGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;& jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;onfhtcg zuf'&,fa&;&m0ef}uD;tjzpfwm 0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 28? rdk;eJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;cGefyGifh/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cGefyGifhonf rdk;eJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(3145)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(58²86)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;¶Guf 0if.om;jzpfonf? 1923 ckESpf/ ZGefv (18)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? uGef[def;+rdK@e,f/ usdKif;vGef;aus;¶GmZmwdjzpf onf? OD;cGefyGifhonf rdk;eJtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif owWrwef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJh onf? 1948 ckESpfwGif tdrfaxmifjyKcJhonf? 1958 ckESpt f xd ukefonfvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhI 1959 ckESpfwGif zciftem;,lonfhtcg zcifae&m usdKif;vGef;+rdK@pm;tjzpf 1962 ckESpftxd aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfrS 1981 ckESpftxd &yfuGufjynfol@aumifpD OuUX/ 1982 ckESpfwGif udk,fydkifqefpufvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 29? armufr,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? pdkif;tGwf(c)pdkif;wifatmif/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? pdkif;tGwf(c)pdkif;wifatmifonf armufr,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(2626)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(86²84)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwif ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;oef;.om;jzpfonf? 1958 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? pdkif;tGwf(c)pdkif;wifatmifonf &efukefwuUodkvfrS ody`H(¶lyaA')bGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1985 ckESpfwGif qnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xme armufr,f+rdK@wGif tvkyf =uyftjzpf wESpfvkyfudkifcJhonf? xdk@aemuf tvkyfrSxGufI udk,fydkif+cHvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 30? rdkif;yef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;pdkif;rdk;=unf/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdkif;rdk;=unfonf rdkif;yef+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(2519)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(83²77)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;ausmif;!Gef@/ trd a':pef;yGifhwdk@rS 1953 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (6)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? om;orD;(15) OD;wGif (11)a,mufajrmufom;jzpfonf? 1941 ckESpfwGif rdkif;yeftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ 1951 ckESpfwGif - 276 -

awmif}uD;+rdK@ c&pf,meftxufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1953 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmfodk@0ifcJh onf? trSwf(2)ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;wyf/ trSwf(6)/ trSwf(3)axmufvSrf;a&;wyfwdk@rSwqifh trSwf(2) axmufvSrf;a&;/ awmif}uD; cv&(41)wdk@wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD;/ 1966 ckESpfwGif wyf=uyf}uD;tqifhjzifh t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1973 ckESpfwGif rdkif;yef+rdK@r vHk+cHKa&;ESifhtkyfcsKyfr_aumfrwD OuUX/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1977 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,faumifpD OuUX/ 1979 ckESpfwGif rdkif;yef+rdK@e,fygwD,lepfaumfrwD0if/ tvkyform; OuUX wm 0efrsm;,lcJh+yD;/ 1982 ckESpfwGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDrS E_wfxGufcJhonf? 31? rdkif;udkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;pdkif;tGrf/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdkif;tGrfonf rdkif;udkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &Sr;f wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(12012)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(88²69)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rdkif;udkif+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;cef;aqmeENm/ trd a':pef;pdefwdk@rS 1955 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (23)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;pdkif;tGro f nf 1980 jynfhESpfwGif rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`H(¶kuQaA')bGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1981 ckESpfwGif tv,fwef;jyausmif;q&m/ rdkif;udkiftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ 1982 ckESpfwGif y&aq;ukef onf/ 1983 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd twGif;a&;rª;/ 'kw, d OuUX/ vvoo/ 1984 ckESpfwGif a':eef;crf;¶GufESifh vufxyfcJhonf? 1981 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd a*gyutzGJ@/ b¾mxdef;/ twGif;a&;rª;/ +rdK@e,f¶Srf;pmay,Of aus;r_aumfrwD twGif;a&;rª;/ &Srf;wdik f;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif +rdK@e,ftwGif;a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif ¶GufcJhonf? 32? rdkif;¶SL;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;pdkif;0if;az(c)0if;az/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdkif;0if;az(c)0if;azonf rdkif;¶SL;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(5523)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(65²25)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? tz OD;pHyGifh/ trd a':ESif;&Dwdk@rS 1957 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (4)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;pdkif;0if;az(Sai Win Pay)onf 1962 ckESpfwGif awmif}uD;+rdK@/ a&at;uGif;&yf¶Sd a':}uD;-a':i,f tvGwf ynmoifausmif;Yynmoif=um;cJhI (7)wef;wGif tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)/ 1978 ckESpfwGif (10) wef;pmar;yGJudk tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(6)rS atmifjrifcJhonf? 1978 ckESpfrS 1980 jynfhESpftxd awmif}uD;a'oaumvdyfodk@wufa&mufynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 'kwd,ESpfwGif ¶Hk;vkyfief;'Dyvdkrm&onf? 1980 jynfhESpfrS 1983 ckESpftxd rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUokdvfodk@wufa&mufynmoif=um;cJh+yD; 0dZ…m(pdwfynm)bGJ@ &¶SdcJhonf? rEWav;wuUodkvfwGif ynmoif=um;aepOf ¶Srf;pmay ‘r’ig;vHk;oifwef;q&mtjzpf yJcl;wdkif;/ awmifil+rdK@e,f/ Z&yf}uD;¶GmwGif (2)}udrfvkyftm;ay;cJhonf? 1988 ckESpfwGif txufwef;a¶S@aepmar;yGJudk jref rm"avhxHk;wrf;Oya'*k%fxl;jzifhatmifjrifcJhonf? ¶Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif awmif}uD;Xme cGJ/ qufoG,fjyef=um;a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ rwfv (23)&ufae@wGif Nang Tin Tin Kham ESifhvufxyfcJhonf? 33? rdkif;&,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?

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OD;vS'if/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vS'ifonf rdkif;&,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdik f;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(3472)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(79²18)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1919 ckESpf/ rwfv (15)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;p.om;jzpfonf? OD;vS'ifonf rdkif;vHktpdk;&tv,fwef; ausmif;rS owWrwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1936 ckESpfrS 1952 ckESpftxd oDayge,fapmfbGm;.&JtzGJ@wGif &Jwyf om;rS pcef;rª;txd wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1952 ckESpfwGif tvkyfrSxGufcJh+yD; rdkif;vHkwGif tcsdKaomuf vufzufajcmufvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJh&m 1958 ckESpftxdjzpfonf? 1958 ckESpfrS 1979 ckESpftxd ¶Srf;jynfol@&J tzGJ@wGif jyefvnf0ifa&mufvkyfudkifcJh+yD; &JtkyfrS pcef;rª;txd wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1979 ckESpfwGif ouf jynfhyifpif,lcJhonf? 34? rlq,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;pdkif;vSaz/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdkif;vSazonf rlq,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(14603)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(91²45)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? rlq,f+rdK@e,f/ awmf¶Gufaus;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;qdkifcrf;[def;/ trd a':qGJ@crf;wdk@rS 1953 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (28)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;pdkif;vSazonf rlq,ftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ vm;¶d_;+rdK@/ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(3)wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ tajccHynmtxufwef;udk (c)tqifhjzifh atmifjrifcJhonf? 1975 ckESpfwGif yefcef;aus;¶Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif; ausmif;q&m/ 1978 ckESpfrS 1980 jynfhESpftxd rlq,f+rdK@e,for0g,rOD;pD;Xme 'k-toif;pkrª;/ xdk@aemuf v,f,mvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? OD;pdkif;vSazonf wEdkifiHvHk;wGif cdkifvHkrJ&mcdkifE_ef;trsm;qHk;jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&oljzpfonf? 35? rlq,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;pdkif;armifav;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdkif;armifav;onf rlq,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(4500)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(52²59)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwif ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;vSarmif/ trd a':rdkif;crf;wdk@rS 1947 ckESpf/ arv (27)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? ausmufrJ+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;pdkif;armifav;onf rlq,f+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;ESifh vm;¶d_;+rdK@tpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)wdk@wGif tajccHynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1972 ckESpfwGif rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuU odkvfrS ody`H(¶kuQaA')bGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1973 ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd rlq,f+rdK@e,for0g,rOD;pD;Xme pma&;0ef xrf;/ 1976 ckESpfrS 1984 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,for0g,rtoif; twGif;a&;rª;(oHk;}udrf)/ 'kwd,OuUX(1) (ESpf}udrf)/ 1984 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,fw&m;ol}uD;tzGJ@0if/ xdk@aemuf ukefonfvkyfief;vkyfudkif onf? 36? rdk;rdwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? a'gufwmtkef;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - 278 -

a'gufwmOD;tkef;armifonf rdk;rdwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(8203)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(47²55)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rbdef;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;armif}uD;/ trd a':cif,Hkwdk@rS 1932 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (28)&ufae@wGifarG; zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwmOD;tkef;armifonf 1960 jynfhESpfwGif &efukefaq;wuUodkvfrS aq;ody`HbGJ@(trfbDbD tufpf)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1963 ckESpfwGif t*FvefEdkifiHodk@ cJGpdwfr_yg&*lbJG@,l&efoGm;a&mufcJh+yD;/ 1965 ckESpfwGif yg&*lbJG@udk yxrtqifhjzifhatmifjrifcJhonf? 1968 ckESpfwGif 'kwd,ykdif;ajzqkd&ef tD'ifbm&m+rdK@okd@toGm; vrf;wGifum;arSmufI atmufydkif;aocJhonf? t*FvefwGif(1)ESpfaq;ukocJh+yD; 1970 jynfhESpfwGif jrefrmEdkifiH odk@jyefvnfa&muf&Sdonf? 1970 jynfhESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd q&m0ef/ rdk;ukwf+rdK@jynfol@aq;±Hk/ 1978 ckESpfwGif roefrpGrf;yifpif,lcJhonf? bdef;jzLtEW&m,fwm;qD;umuG,fa&;wGif aq;pGJolvli,f(120)udk pepfwusuko ay;cJhonf? 1979 ckESpfwGif “u|efawmfhom;}uD;/ aorif;ESifhppfcif;ol”pmtkyfjzifh trsKd;om;pmayqk&¶SdcJhonf? 37? rbdrf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;cspfcif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;cspfcifonf rbdrf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf ,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(8767)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(83²38)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rbdrf;+rdK@ Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;boG,f.om;jzpfonf? 1940 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (20)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;cspfcifonf 1954 ckESpfrS 1966 ckESpftxd rbdrf;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ uom+rdK@tpdk;&txuf wef;ausmif;wkd@wGif wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhI 1972-73 ckESpfwGif rEWav; wuUodkvfrS ody`H(±lyaA')bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd rbdrf;+rdK@e,for0g,r twGif;a&;r–;/ 'kwd,OuUX/ 1989 ckESpfwGif rbdrf;+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1996 ckESpf/ ZGefv (7)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS E_wfxGufcJhonf? 38? rdkif;ysif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;',feD&,fatmif/ vm;[ltrsdK;om;zGH@jzdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwD? OD;',feD&,fatmifonf rdkif;ysif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif vm;[ltrsdK;om;zGH@jzdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwDtm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(6407)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(54²63)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cH cJh&onf? vm;¶d_;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;=um[J/ trd a':em*wdk@rS 1942 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (5)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;',feD&,fatmifonf erfhcsdKatbDtrfausmif;(yef,ef;)/ yef0dkifatbDtrfausmif;(usdKif;wHk)/ &efukef/ =unfhjrifwdkiftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(4)wdk@wGif tajccHynmtxufwef;txdynmoif =um;cJh+yD;/ 1966 ckESpfwGif&efukefwuUodkvfrS0dZ…mbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1966 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (23)&ufae@rS 1989 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (7)&ufae@txd jrefrmhowif;pOf(EdkifiHjcm;) bmomjyef/ vufaxmuft,f'Dwm/ t,f'D wm/ 1976 ckESpfwGif AD,uferfESifh 1987 ckESpfwGif w¶kwfEdkifiHodk@oGm;a&mufcJhonfh cspf=unfa&;owif;pm udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@0if/ vm;[ltrsdK;om;zGH@jzdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwD(A[dk)wGif OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 39? rdkif;,ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?

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OD;pdkif;EGHwpf(yf)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? pdkfif;EGHwpf(yf)onf rkdif;,ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(803)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(52²21)jzifhf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1961 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (23)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;apmatmif.om;jzpfonf? OD;pdkif;EGHwpf(yf)onf 1968 ckESpfrS 1977 ckESpftxd oli,fwef;rSpIowWrwef;txd rkdif;,ef;tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ 1978 ckESpfwGif owWrwef;atmifjrifI 1981 ckESpfwGif usdKif;wHktpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;okd@ajymif;a&$+yD; (8)wef;rS(10) wef;txdynmoif,lcJhonf? 1982 ckESpfwGif ausmif;rSxGufI rdkif;,ef;+rdK@/ aps;wef;&yfae reef;qdkifESifh tdrfaxmifus+yD; pufcsKyftwwfynmjzifhtoufarG;cJhonf? 40? rdkif;cwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;pdkif;&SJefavG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdkif;&SJefavGonf rkdif;cwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(1283)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(67²31)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rdkif; ,ef;+rdK@e,f/ rdkif;avGZmwdjzpfonf? 1942 ckESpf/ rwfv (10)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;&Sdefpdkifcrf;.om;jzpfonf? OD;pdkif;&SJefavGonf 1962 ckESpfwGif wef;jrifhausmif;xGufvufrSwf&pmar;yGJatmifjrifcJhonf? 1978 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd usdKif;wHk+rdK@e,for0g,r twGif;a&;r–;(1)/ òrd@e,fjynfol@aumifpD tcsdefykdif;/ rkdif;cwf+rdK@e,f ygwD,lepfaumfrwD0if/ rdkif;cwf+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 41? rdkif;wHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;pdkif;ausmfpdef/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdkif;ausmfpdefonf rdkif;wHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(2619)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(73²42)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz vHk;ausmif;yEW/ trd a':[email protected];jzpfonf? OD;pdkif;ausmfpdefonf touf(5)ESpft¶G,fwGif rdkif;wHk rlvwef;ausmif;/ yifvHk+rdK@tv,fwef;ausmif;/ rdkif;wHktv,fwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif (8)wef;atmifjrifonf txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? v,form;aumifpDwGif pma&;0efxrf;tjzpf(6)ESpfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD;/ tvkyf rSE_wfxGufI &yfuGufaumifpD OuUX/ twGif;a&;rª;wm0efrsm;xrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1988 ckESpfwGif jrefrmhqdk ¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDrSE_wfxGufcJh+yD;/ udk,fydkifv,f,mvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ {+yDv (19)&ufae@ wGifuG,fvGefonf? 42? rdkif;qwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;qef0kef;(c)OD;pdkif;bkef;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;qef0kef;(c)OD;pdkfif;bkef;jrifhonf rkdif;qwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(2845)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(55²87)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? 1940 jynfhESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (9)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? rdkif;qwf+rdK@e,f/ 0def;aeZmwdjzpfonf? - 280 -

OD;&SJefpdfkif;.om;jzpfonf? OD;qef0kef;(c)OD;pkdif;bkef;jrifhonf tXrwef;atmifjrif+yD;aemuf 1964 ckESpfrS 1969 ckESpftxd 0def;aetpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ rlvwef;jy/ 1972 ckESpfrS 1974 ckESpftxd rdkif;qwfevu tvkyftr_aqmif/ 1978 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd jynfe,faumifpD0if(tcsdefykdif;)tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 43? rdkif;a,mif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? pdkif;xGef;atmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? pkdif;xGef;atmifonf rkdif;a,mif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(2839)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(74²36)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;apmvHk/ trd a':eef;vHkwkd@rS 1953 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? rkdif;a,mif;Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;pdkif;xGef; atmifonf 1971 ckESpfwGif qXrwef;atmifonftxd rdkif;a,mif;wGifausmif;aecJhonf? 1973 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd +rdK@r or0g,r pma&;0efxrf;/ xdk@aemuf rdbESifhtwlv,f,mvkyfief; vkyfudkifcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (8)&ufae@wGif a=unm csuftrSwf(1421)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? 44? rdkif;jzwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;pdkif;EGJ@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdkif;EJG@onf rkdif;jzwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf ,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(1625)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(38²44)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? usdKif;wHk+rdK@ Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;qkdifausmuf/ trd a':eef;oef;wdk@rS 1937 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (13)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJh onf? OD;pdkif;EGJ@onf usKdif;wHkaemifa&;tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;rS yÌrwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1952 ckESpfrS 1957 ckESpftxd OD;rdk;pmay/ pme,fZif;udk,fpm;vS,f/ 1960 jynfhESpfwGif a':eef;[kwfESifhvufxyfcJhonf? udk,fydkif qefpufvkyfief;vkyfudkifonf? 45? &GmiH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;atmifodef;/ jynfaxmifpktrsdK;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDygwD? OD;atmifodef;onf &GmiH+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif jynfaxmifpktrsdK;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDygwDtm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(7905)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(43²51)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;armifoef;/ trd a':trm&Dwdk@rS 1948 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (30)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? xm;0,f+rdK@ Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;atmifodef;onf tajccHynmudk xm;0,f+rdK@ESifh &efukef+rdK@rsm;wGif oif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1964 ckESpfwGif awmif}uD;OypmaumvdyfY 'kwd,ESpfody`Hwef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1966 ckESpfwGif usef;rma&;rª;oifwef;wufa&mufcJh+yD; ¶GmiH+rdK@wGif (11)ESpf=um usef;rma&;rª;tjzpf wm0efxrf; aqmifcJhonf? tvkyfrSE_wfxGuf+yD;aemufwGif ¶GmiH+rdK@e,f/ +rdKifaus;¶GmwGif pdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;vkyfudkifaexdkif cJhonf? jynfaxmifpktrsdK;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDygwD(,l-tifef-'D-yD)rS a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&onfh wOD; wnf;aom jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fjzpfonf?

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46? &yfapmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? a'gufwmvS&Sdef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmvS&Sdefonf &yfapmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkfifvHkrJ(10851)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(49²2)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;bkd;atmif.om;jzpfonf? 1935 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (17)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? yef;waemf+rdK@e,f/ a&vJ&Gm Zmwdjzpfonf? a'gufwmvS&Sdefonf 1954 ckESpfwGif (10)wef;atmifjrifcJh+yD; &efukefaq;wuUodkvfodk@wuf a&mufcJhonf? q&m0efbJG@r&rD ausmif;q&mxGufIvkyfcJhonf? 1966 ckESpfwGif &efukefaq;wuUodkvf(1)rS q&m0efbGJ@(trfbDbDtufpf)&¶SdcJhonf? usef;rma&;XmewGif (18)ESpfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD;/ tvkyfrSyifpif r,lbJ 1979 ckESpfwGif E_wfxGufcJhonf? xdk@aemuf &yfapmuf+rdK@wGif vdarRmf+cHvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 47? vGdKifvif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;pdkif;xGef;ausmf(c)xGef;ausmf/ &Sr;f wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdkif;xGef;ausmf(c)xGef;ausmfonf vGdKifvif+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(6946)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(38²46)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwif ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1945 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? OD;ajy.om;jzpfonf? OD;pdkif;xGef;ausmfonf (8)wef;atmifjrif onftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1967 ckESpfrS 1972 ckESpftxd 0rfpdefaus;¶Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;(rdkif; aemif)ESifh yifvHktpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;trSwf(3)wdk@wGif rlvwef;jyausmif;q&m/ 1972 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpf txd yifvHk&yfuGuf(1) &yfuGufvHk+cHKa&;aumifpD twGif;a&;rª;/ OuUX/ +rdK@e,faumifpD0ifponfjzifh aqmif¶Guf cJhonf? 48? vJcsm;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;omxGef;jr/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;omxGef;jronf vJcsm;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(8615)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(80²66)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rdkif;&,fZmwdjzpfonf? 1938 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (30)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;qGJ.om;jzpfonf? OD;omxGef; jronf rdkif;a*ghtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ ausmufrJtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ awmif}uD;aumvdyf/ &efukef wuUodkvfwdk@wGif Oypm(u)wef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? awmif}uD;aumvdyf ausmif; om;rsm;or*~ESifh ¶Srf;jynfausmif;om;rsm;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@wdk@wGif OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1966 ckESpf wGif tajccHEdkifiHa&;oifwef;wufa&mufcJhonf? 1966 ckESpfrS 1981 ckESpftxd vJcsm;/ rdkif;udkif/ rdkif;¶SL; +rdK@e,frsm;wGif ygwD,lepfaumfrwD0if/ twGif;a&;rª;/ OuUX/ 1981 ckESpfwGif ynma&;Xmeodk@ jyefvnfajymif; a¶$@vkyfudkifcJh +yD;/ 1986 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 49? vif;ac;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;pdkif;xGef;atmif/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? - 282 -

OD;pdkif;xGef;atmifonf vif;ac;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(8939)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(84²35)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cH cJh&onf? vif;ac;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;vHk;pdkif;vHk/ trd a':ygvdwfwdk@rS 1958 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (10)&ufae@ wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;pdkif;xGef;atmifonf vif;ac;tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ awmif}uD;a'oaumvdyf/ &ef ukefwdarG;ukoa&;wuUodkvf/ ysOf;rem;a&qif;wdarG;ukwuUodkvfwdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ wdarG;uk'Dyvdk rmESifh wdarG;ukq&m0efbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? wd&p>mefaq;ukcef;zGifhvSpfvkyfudkifonf? &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyfwGif +rdK@e,f OuUX tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? 50? vm;¶_d;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;pdkif;jrifharmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pkdif;jrifharmifonf vm;±_d;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkfifvHkrJ(11491)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(39²81)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? 1946 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (18)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;0if;vGif.om;jzpfonf? OD;pkdif;jrifharmifonf 1964 ckESpfwGif wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifI 1970 jynfhESpfwGif &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`HbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfwGif txufwef;a&S@aepmar;yGJ ajzqdkatmifjrifcJhonf? a&S@aetjzpfvdkufygaqmif¶Guf&if; 1976 ckESpfwGif rSwfyHkwifOya'bJG@(tmt,fvf)atmifjrifcJhonf? 1979 ckESpw f Gif A[dkw&m;±Hk;/ vm;±_d;+rdK@e,f a&S@aersm;toif; OuUX/ 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif vm;±_d;+rdK@e,f A[kdkoydwf OuUX/ ta&;awmfyHk}uD;t+yD;wGif (23)&uf=umzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 51? vm;&_d;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;oef;aX;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef;aX;onf vm;±d_;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkfifvHkrJ(8649)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(39²8)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1948 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? OD;b&Si. f om;jzpfonf? OD;oef;aX;onf txufwef;a&S@aepmar;yJGatmifjrifcJhI Oya'bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1965 ckESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd vm;±_d;+rdK@/ tpkd;&vcpm;rsm;aiGpkaiGacs;wGif pma&;/ pm&if;udkif/ txufwef;pma&;/ refae*sm/ 1983 ckESpfwGif txufwef;a&SS@ae/ xkdrS A[dkw&m;±Hk;a&S@aetjzpf vkyfudkifcJhonf? 52? odEDM+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;pdkif;xGef;vl/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGH@csKyf? OD;pdkif;xGef;vlonf odEDM+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGH@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(5832)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(55²43)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? odEMD+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;armif}uD;/ trd a':a¶$cifwdk@rS 1946 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;pdkif;xGef;vlonf odEMD+rdK@uGefAifhESifh tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif (9)wef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1967 ckESpfrS 1975 - 283 -

ckESpftxd udk,fydkifum;vkyfief;/ 1975 ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,for0g,rESifh ¶Srf;jynfajrmufydkif;or0g ,rtoif;pk tvkyftr_aqmif/ xdk@aemuf udk,fydkifwGifcHkESifhoH*a[qufvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 53? oDayg+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? cGefxGef;OD;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? cGefxGef;OD;onf oDayg+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(5268)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(49²01)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cH cJh&onf? OD;p0f=umZHk.om;jzpfonf? 1943 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (11)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? cGefxGef;OD;onf 1964 ckESpfwGif awmif}uD;+rdK@/ uarBmZaumvdyfrS wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJh+yD;/ 1965 ckESpfwGif &efukef wuUodkvfodk@wufa&mufI Oya'bmom&yfudk 'kwd,ESpftxdoif=um;cJhonf? 1967 ckESpfrS 1977 ckESpf txd tif'dkeD;¶Sm;oH¶Hk; ppfoHrª;.udk,fa&;t&m¶Sd/ 1984 ckESpfwGif EdkifiHwumowif;pmjzef@csda&;ukr`%D/ *syef Overseas Courier Service (tdkpDtufpf). owif;pmjzef@csda&;udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? &Srf; wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf(A[dk) OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶Gufonf? 2002 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (23) &ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwD(pDtm&fyDyD)wdk;csJ@zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg ¶Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdk [email protected],fpm;vS,ftjzpf yg0ifcJhonf? 54? oDayg+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;pdkif;atmifoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pdkif;atmifoef;onf oDayg+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(3826)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(45²48)jzihf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? ausmufrJ+rdK@e,f/ rkdif;vHkZmwdjzpfonf? 1951 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? OD;vS'if.om;jzpfonf? OD;pkdif;atmif oef;onf 1977 ckESpfwGif &efukefpufr_wuUodkvfrS tif*sifeD,m(+rdK@jy)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1978 ckESpfwGif a':eef;cifjrifh(txufwef;jy)ESifh vufxyfcJhonf? 1979-80 ckESpfwGif oDayg+rdK@wGif aqmufvkyfa&; tvkyf oiftif*sifeD,m 1981 ckESpfrS 1984 ckESpftxd oDayg+rdK@e,faumifpD0if/ 1996 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (1)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS E_wfxGufcJhonf? 55? [dkyHk;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;pHvS/ jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsdK;om;tzGJ@csKyf? OD;pHvSonf [dkyHk;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsdK;om;tzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(7163)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(70²66)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? [dkyHk; +rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1940 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (4)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;ukrRm.om;jzpfonf? OD;pHvSonf owWrwef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1973 ckESpfESifh 1974 ckESprf sm;wGif [dkyHk;+rdK@/ +rdK@OD;uGufopf &yfuGufvHk+cHKa&;ESifhtkyfcsKyfr_aumfrwD twGif;a&;rª;/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,fjynfol@aumifpD tvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0if/ OuUX/ jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsdK;om;tzGJ@csKyf(A[dk)wGif tvkyftr_aqmiftjzpf wm 0ef,lcJhonf? - 284 -

56? [dkyef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? OD;cGefxGef;vl/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? OD;cGefxGef;vlonf [dkyef+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDtm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;cGefxGef;vltay: ¶_H;edrfhol ‘0’trsdK;om;zGH@+zdK;wdk; wufa&;ygwDrS OD;apmzD;vpf(c)OD;zD;vpfqrfrS uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;cJhojzifh a¶G;aumufyGJcHktzGJ@trSwf(4)wGif =um;emppfaq;r_ cHcJh&onf? (14) {&m0wDwdkif;? taemufbufESifh taemufajrmufbufwdk@wGif b*Fvm;yifv,fatmfESifh &cdkifjynfe,f/ ajrmufbuf ESifh ta¶S@bufwdk@wGif yJcl;wdkif;/ ta¶S@bufwGif &efukefwdkif;ESifh awmifbufwGif uy`vDyifv,fjyifwdk@ wnf¶Sd onf? {&m0wDwdkif;wGif +rdK@e,f(26)+rdK@e,f¶Sd rJqENe,f(51)e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udk,fpm;jyK ,SOf+ydKifolv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(199)OD;/ woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(5)OD;/ pkpk aygif;(204)OD;0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh=u&m trsdK;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(48)ae&m/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwf a&;ygwDrS(2) ae&mESifhwoD;yk*~v(1)ae&m toD;oD;a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf? 1? usdKufvwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;oef;wif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef;wifonf usdKufvwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(16451)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(53²29)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? tz OD;xGm;/ trd a':rr}uD;wkd@rS 1929 ckESpf/ arv (31)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? t*Fyl+rdK@e,f xef;yifukef;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;oef;wifonf xef;yifukef;tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ [oFmw+rdK@trsKd;om; txufwef;ausmif;/ &efukeftvGwfynmoifausmif;wkd@wGif q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1955 ckESpfrS 1957 ckESpftxd pmayAdrmef pma&;0efxrf;/ 1958 ckESpfrSpI usdKufvwf+rdK@wGif ukefonfvkyfief;vkyf udkifcJhonf? 1942 ckESpfrS 1945 ckESpftxd xef;yifukef;wGif tm&Svli,ftzJG@0iftjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? usKdufvwf+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif +rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 2? usdKufvwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;wif0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wif0if;onf usdKufvwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(14351)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(48²3)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& - 285 -

onf? tz OD;omarmif/ trd a':jrodef;wdk@rS 1955 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (24)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? usdKufvwf+rdK@e,f/ uefausmif;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;wif0if;onf ykÀrDtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif; (awmif OuUvmy)/ usdKufvwf+rdK@tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)/ usdKufvwf+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@ wGif q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD; wGif +rdK@e,ftvkyform;or*~ tvkyftr_aqmiftjzpfyg0ifcJhonf? 1999 ckESpf/ ZGefv (11)&ufae@wGifusif;y jyKvkyfcJhonfh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@. tpnf;ta0;qHk;jzwfcsuft& 1999 ckESpf/ ZGefv (14)&ufae@ &ufpGJygpmtrSwf/ 040§pnf;(pnf;¶Hk;)§99 jzifh OD;wif0if;tm; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyftm; vHk;0udk,fpm;rjyKawmhonfh udk,fpm;vS,fjzpfa=umif; xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? 2004 ckESpf/ arv (17)&ufae@wGif jyefvnfusif;ycJhonfh etz. trsdK;om;nDvmcHodk@ woD;yk*~vtjzpf a¶G;aumufyGJ wGifa¶G;cs,fcHxm;&aom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tpktzGJ@wGif wufa&mufcJhonf? 3? ausmif;ukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;apmvGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;apmvGifonf ausmif;ukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(16563)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(61²51)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? ausmif;ukef;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ndK}uD;/ trd a':ndef;wdk@rS 1955 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (10)&uf ae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;apmvGifonf rlvwef;/ tv,fwef;/ txufwef;ynmrsm;udk [oFmw+rdK@wGif oif,lcJh+yD; 1983 ckESpfwGif ordkif;t"dujzifh 0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? ynma&;XmewGif 1979 ckESpfrSpI tr_xrf;cJh onf? 4? ausmif;ukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? a'gufwmvS0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmvS0if;onf ausmif;ukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(18376)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(62²92)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? OD;omcif.om;jzpfonf? 1955 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (15)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? a'gufwmvS0if;onf 1967-68 ckESpfwGif tv,fwef;ynmudk tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ 'g;uaus;&Gm/ ykodrfta&S@ajrmuf+rdK@ e,fwGif oif=um;cJhI 1971-72 ckESpfwGif txufwef;ynmudk ocsFm/ "mwk/ ±ly *k%fxl;wkd@jzihf ykodrf+rdK@/ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rSatmifjrifcJhonf? 1972 ckESpfrS 1979 ckESpftxd oGm;bufqkdif&maq;wuUodkvf wGifynmoif=um;cJh+yD; 1979 ckESpfwGif oGm;bufqkdif&mq&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1982 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd oGm;bufqkdif&mq&m0eftjzpf ausmif;ukef;+rdK@e,f/ +rdK@e,fjynfol@aq;±HkwGiftr_xrf;cJhonf? 1989 ckESpf Zefe0g&DvwGif wm0efrStem;,lcJhonf? 5? usHKaysmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;ref;a*smfeD/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

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OD;ref;a*smfeDonf usHKaysmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifdvHkrJ(31731)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(72²93)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? tz OD;ausmfOD;/ trd a':ajcmufwkd@rS 1942 ckEpS f/ Zefe0g&Dv (31)&ufae@wiG farG;zGm;cJhonf? ykodrf ta&S@ydkif;/ qifacgif;}uD;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;ref;a*smfeDonf ykodrf+rdK@/ pde@f *sdK;ZufuGef@Aifhausmif;/ umwkdvdyf a,musFm;uav;rsm;A[dkfausmif;/ r&rf;acsmif;&Gm/ ykodrf+rdK@wdk@wGif tajccHynmoif=um;cJh&mrS wuUodkvf0if wef;udk 1960 jynfhESpfwGifvnf;aumif;/ wuUodkvfynmudk ykodfrfOypmaumvdyfwGifvnf;aumif;oif=um; cJhonf? 1965 ckESpfwGif rlvwef;jyausmif;q&m/ 1967 ckESpfwGif tv,fwef;jyausmif;q&m/ 1980 jynfhESpf wGif ynma&;wuUodkvf/ &efukefrS ynma&;'Dyvkdrm&¶SdcJhI txufwef;jyq&mtjzpf &mxl;wkd;jr‡ifhcH&onf? 1982 ckESpfwGif vufaxmuf+rdK@e,fynma&;r–;tjzpf &mxl;wkd;jr‡ifhcHcJh&+yD;/ 1986 ckESpfwGif emrusef;yifpif jzifh t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 6? usKHaysmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;wif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifonf usHKaysmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifdvHkrJ(30816)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²59)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;bausmf.om;jzpfonf? 1917 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&v D (3)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;wifonf ausmif;om; oydwfwGifvnf;aumif;/ ausmif;&JwyfzGJ@wGifvnf;aumif; acgif;aqmiftjzpfyg0ifcJhonf? 1937 ckESpfwGif (10)wef;ausmif;om;b0jzihf trsKd;om;txufwef;ausmif;rSxGufI rEWav; t*FvdyfppfwyfwGif0ifa&mufcJh onf? usef;rma&;raumif;I t=uyfb0jzihfxGufcJh&onf? vGwfvyfa&;}udK;yrf;r_wGif acwf(3)acwfpvHk; tm&Svli,fpnf;±Hk;a&;acgif;aqmif/ jynfol&JabmfwyfzJG@ 'kwd,ppfacgif;aqmif/ z-q-y-v tzJG@ +rdK@e,f 'kwd,OuUX tjzpfaqmif&GufcJh&m vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if('kwd,qifh)&¶SdcJhonf? 1951 ckESpfrS 1957 ckESpf txd jynfol@v$wfawmfwGifvnf;aumif;/ 1957 ckESpfrS 1958 ckESpftxd vlrsKd;pkv$wfawmfwGifvnf;aumif;/ yg0ifaqmif&GufcJh+yD; t+rJwrf;b¾ma&;aumfrwD0if/ Oya'jyKaumfrwD0iftjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1958 ckESpfrS 1962 ckESpftxd usHKaysmf+rdK@ jrLeDpDy,fOuUX tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 7? =uHcif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f? a'gufwm&Jjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwm&Jjrifhonf }uHcif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(27147)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(74²13)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1954 ckESpf/ {+yDv (7)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? &efukefZmwdjzpfonf? OD;tkef;cif.om;jzpfonf? a'gufwm&Jjrifhonf [oFmw+rdK@ uGefAifhausmif;/ awmif}uD;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)/ r*Fvmawmif!Gef@ tpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(5)wkd@wGif q,fwef;atmifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1979 ckESpfwGif aq; wuUodkvf(1)&efukefrS q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1982 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd csif;jynfe,f/ wD;wdefjynfol@ aq;±Hk vufaxmufq&m0ef/ 1985 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd yJcl;wkdif;/ yef;awmif;+rdK@e,f/ xHk;bkdwdkufe,f aq;±Hk wkdufe,fq&m0ef/ 1989 ckESpf/ {+yDv (10)&ufae@wGif usef;rma&;0ef}uD;Xme usef;rma&;OD;pD;Xme. trdef@a=umfjimpmt& tvkyfrSxkwfy,fjcif;cHcJh&onf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;

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aumfr¶SifrS 1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (3)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1417)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufa=umif;a=unmcJhonf? 8? iykawm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;a';ApfvSjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;a';ApfvSjrifhonf iykawm+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(27111)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(65²7)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? tz OD;vSjrifh/ trd a':[efaX;wdk@rS 1959 ckESpf/ arv (13)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? ykodrf+rdK@Zmwdjzpf onf? OD;a';ApfvSjrifhonf ykkodrftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(6)rS q,fweff;atmifjrifI ykodrf'D*&D aumvdyfrS ocsFmt"dujzihfody`HbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1985 ckESpfrS 1987 ckESpftxd iykawm+rdK@e,ftwGif;&Sd wGJzuftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rsm;wGif wGJzufq&mtjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf {&m0wDwkdif;pnf;(ykodrf+rdK@e,fpk)wm0efcHtjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? ,if;tm; oufqkdif&mw&m;±Hk;u EkdifiHawmftvHOya' yk'fr(6) t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifcJhI a&G;aumufyJG yk'fr (11)/ yk'frcJG (n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzihf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufvdkufa=umif; 1991 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (16)&ufae@wGif ygwDpHk 'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sirf S a=unmcsuftrSwf(958)jzifh a=unmcJhonf? aemif (10)ESpftwGif;jyKvkyfrnfh a¶G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf? 9? iykawm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? a'gufwmppfwif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmppfwifonf iykawm+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,Sof+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(32293)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(67²47)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1960 jynfhESpf/ ZGefv (5)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? usKHul;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;jrifhaqG.om; jzpfonf? a'gufwmppfwifonf 1984 ckESpfwGif aq;wuUodkvf(2)rS q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1985 ckESpfwGif ykodrfjynfol@aq;±Hk}uD;wGif tvkyfoifq&m0ef/ 1986 ckESpfrSpI udk,fydkifaq;ukcef;zGifhcJhonf? iykawm+rdK@ e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1996 ckESpf/ ZGefv (9)&ufae@wGif ygwDpHk 'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS E_wfxGuf a=umif;a=unmcJhonf? 10? ZvGef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;ausmfjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmfjrifhonf ZvGef+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(23519)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(62²52)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz ociftkef;qkdif/ trd a':cifa&$wkd@rS 1943 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (30)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? ZvGef+rdK@e,f/ a&abmfaomifaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;ausmfjrifhonf tajccHynmtxufwef;udk 1961 ckESpfwGif tazsmuftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS atmifjrifcJh+yD;/ ysOf;rem;pdkufysKd;a&;ody`HrS pdkufysdK;a&;'Dyvkdrmudk 1969 - 288 -

ckESpfwGif&¶SdcJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfwGif a':ESif;EG,fESifhvufxyfcJhonf? rdom;pkESifhtwl +cHvkyfief;jzihftouf arG;onf? 11? ZvGef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? Adkvfrª;}uD;=unf0if;(t+idrf;pm;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? Adkvfr–;}uD;=unf0if;(t+idrf;pm;)onf ZvGef+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(27558)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(70²83)jzifh a&G;cs,fwif ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? jrif;+cH+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;armif/ trd a':ykwdk@rS 1919 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (1)&ufae@ wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? i,femrnff armif}uD;aiGjzpfonf? Adkvfr–;}uD;}unf0if;(t+idrf;pm;)onf jrif;+cH+rdK@tpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1300 jynfhta&;awmfyHkwGif jrif;+cHc±dkifvHk;qdkif&mausmif; om;rsm;or*~zJG@pnf;aqmif&GufcJhonf? 1940 jynfhESpf t*Fvdyfe,fcsJ@qef@usifa&;wGif anmifOD;ajratmuf awmfvSefa&;acgif;aqmif/ ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtkdifat) AdkvfcsKyfuav;aZ,s(&JabmfoHk;usdyf0if). ¶Hk;tzGJ@0if/ ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf(bD'Dat) *syefppfwuUodkvftrSwfpOf(1)qif;/ wyf&if;(6) 'kwd,Akdvf/ 1943 ckESpfwGif ppfaoemywdcsKyfAkdvfr–;}uD;ae0if;. udk,f&HawmfAdkvf/ 1944 ckESpfwGif ajrmufydkif;wkdif;ppf XmecsKyf wdkif;r–;/ Adkvfr–;}uD;Axl;ESifhyl;wGJwm0ef/ 1945 ckESpf/ *syefzufqpfawmfvSefa&;wGif jrpf0u|ef;ay: wkdif;(2)/ AkdvfcsKyfae0if;vufatmuf&Sd wyf&if;(83) wyf&if;r–;/ 1945-46 ckESpfwGif uef'DpmcsKyft& Armh aoewfudkifwyf&if;(5)wGif/ udk,fykdiftrSwf(=unf;-3572) 'kwd,Akdvf/ 1947-48 ckESpfwGif uavm+rdK@ (bDatpDtufpf)wyfwGifvnf;aumif;/ 1949 ckESpfwGif t*FvefEkdifiH ppfausmif;wufcJh&mrS ppf±Hk;csKyfujyefac: I wydkif;wpESifhjyefcJh&onf? ppf±Hk;csKyfwGif ppfOD;pD;('kwd,wef;)tjzpfjzifhvnf;aumif;/ &efukefòrd@ Inner Defence wm0efukd AkdvfcsKyfae0if;uay;tyfcJhonf? 1950 jynfhESpfwGif oeu(4) wyf&if;r–;/ 1952 ckESpfwGif wyfr[m(8) ykodrf/ wyfr[mr–;/ 1953 ckESpfwGif Australia Staff College wufcJhonf? 1954 ckESpfrS 1958 ckESpftxd wyfr[m(10)(acsmuf) wyfr[mr–;/ 1959-60 ckESpf/ AkdvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;.tdrfapmifhtpdk;&vuf xufwGif ajraus;&Sif;ESifhv,f,mopfawm 'kwd,OuUX('kwd,0ef}uD;tqifh)/ 1961 ckESpfwGif wyfr[m(7) jrpf}uD;em;/ wyfr[mr–;/ bbppfqifa&;wm0efcH/ wyfr[m(7)wGif wyfr[mr–;wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf 1960 jynfhESpf/ ygvDrefa&G;aumufyGJwGif bufvkdufcJha=umif;pdppfawG@&Sd&I &mxl;cef@xm;a&;tzJG@tpnf; ta0;rS wyfrawmfwGifppfr_xrf;jcif;rSt+idrf;pm;,lcGifhjyKcJhonf? 1961 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmfrS &yfpJtrdef@xkwf jyefcJh+yD; 1961 ckESpfrSpI ppfOD;pD;wuUokfdvfokd@ ajymif;a&$@tiftm;jyxm;cH&onf? 1961 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv/ (11)&ufae@wGif ,if;.jyefwrf;0iftvkyf0wW&m;rsm;udk jyefvnftyfESHcGifhðyapcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif wyfr–;a[mif;(15)OD;taejzifhyg0ifcJhonf? rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif; rsm;tzGJ@ESifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif A[dkOD;pD;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1995 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (11) &ufae@wGifuG,fvGefonf? 12? anmifwkef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;atmif}udKif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmif}udKifonf anmifwkef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(17078)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(51²80)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? "EkjzL+rdK@e,f/ ESJ}uD;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;barmif/ trd a':pdefykwdk@rS 1936 ckESpf/ 'DZifbm - 289 -

v (3)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;atmif}udKifonf ESJ}uD;&Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ r*Fvmawmif!Gef@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvf/ &efukefynma&;wuUodkvfwkd@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh &m bDattD;'D/ bDtD;'DbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1957 ckESprf S 1963 ckESpftxd "EkjzL+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif; txufwef;jy/ 1963 ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd anmifwkef;/ ZvGef tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif; ausmif;tkyf}uD;/ 1976 ckESpfrS 1983 ckESpftxd xm;0,f/ tkdifojyK tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif; ausmif;tkyf}uD;/ 1983 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd u0/ ausmuf}uD;/ anmifwkef; +rdK@e,fynma&;r–;/ 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@ 'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif 'Drdkua&pDESifh+idrf;csrf;a&;tzJG@ em,u/ bJG@&vli,frsm; em,u/ Xmeaygif;pHk 0efxrf;rsm;or*~ OuUX/ anmifwkef;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 13? anmifwkef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;ompdk;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ompdk;onf anmifwkef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(15675)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(54²3)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? tz OD;a&$OD;/ trd a':apmwifwkd@rS 1943 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (22)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? anmifwkef; +rdK@e,f/ yJ±Hkqdyf&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;ompdk;onf yJ±kq H dyftpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ anmifwkef;+rdK@tpdk;&txuf wef;ausmif;/ &efukefwuUodkvfESifh vkyfom;rsm;aumvdyfwkd@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh&m 0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1960 jynfhESpfrS 1961 ckESpftxd anmifwkef;txufwef;ausmif;om;rsm;or*~ OuUX/ 1964 ckESpfwGif &efukef wuUodkvf anmifwkef;ausmif;om;/ ausmif;olrsm;toif; twGif;a&;r–;/ 1968 ckESpfrS 1974 ckESpftxd tv,fwef;jyq&m tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;trSwf(1) anmifwkef;/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1987 ckESpftxd udk,fykdif enf;jyq&m/ 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif 'Drdkua&pDwdkufyGJaumfrwD OuUX/ bJG@&ESifhausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;toif; OuUX/ anmifwkef;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 14? a';'&J+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? a'gufwmrsdK;!Gef@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmrsKd;!Gef@onf a';'&J+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(17957)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(58²22)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? 14-7-1953 zGm;/ tz OD;bcspf/ trd a':usifjrwkd@rS 1953 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (14)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJh onf? a';'&J+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;rsKd;!Gef@onf OD;tkef;!Gef@tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;(a';'&J)/ a';'&J+rdK@tpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)/ aq;wuUokdvf(2)/ &efukefwkd@wGif q&m0efbJG@&onftxd ynmoif=um;cJh onf? 1979 ckESpfrS 1984 ckESpftxd a';'&J+rdK@e,for0g,raq;cef;/ 1979 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd “rsKd;” udk,fykdifaq;ukcef;/ a';'&J+rdK@/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;umvwGif jrefrmEdkifiHq&m0efrsm;toif;.xkwfjyefa=unmcsufudk òrd@e,ftwGif;&Sdq&m0efrsm;tm;vHk; yl;wGJaxmufcH &mwGifyg0ifcJhonf? rvkdvm;tyfaomt=urf;zufr_rsm;rjzpfyGm;apa&;twGuf vlxktpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif a[majymcJhonf? a';'&J+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwDtzJG@0iftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJh onf? udk,fydkifaq;cef;zGifhI a';'&J+rdK@wGifaexkdifonf? 1996 ckESpfwGif w&m;0ifrSwfyHkwifjzifh 'DCm,kaq;0g; xkwfvkyaf &;vkyfief;vkyfudkifonfudk 1992 ckESpf/ trsdK;om;aq;0g;Oya'yk'fr 19 (u)t& w&m;pGJqdk+yD; - 290 -

tvkyfESifhaxmif'%f(7)ESpf jypf'%fcsrSwfcJhonf? a'gufwmrsdK;nGef@rSm trdef@a}ujimpm trSwf(2§93) tydk'fcGJ(1)t& ,m,DrSwfyHkwifvufrSwfav#mufxm;jyD;jcif;/ tydk'fcGJ(4)wGif “tydk'fcGJ(1)ygvkyfief;&yfudk vuf&dSvkyfudkifaeolrsm;onf ,m,DrSwfyHkwifav#mufxm;aepOftwGif;/ rdrdvkyfief;udk qufvufvkyfudkifcGifh &dSonf”[k jyXmef;xm;jcif;wdk@&dSygvsuf 1992 ckESpf/ trsdK;om;aq;0g;tufOya' yk'fr 19 (u)t& tvkyfESifh axmif'%f(7)ESpf jypf'%fcsrSwfcJhjcif;jzpfonf// 15? a';'&J+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;oef;xGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef;xGef;onf a';'&J+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(19612)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(57²04)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? a';'&J+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;oufESif;/ trd a':wifvSwkd@rS 1949 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (15)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;oef;xGef;onf a';'&J+rdK@ OD;tkef;!Gef@tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ a';'&J+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef; ausmif;/ &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUokdvfwdk@wGif ody`H(±lyaA')bGJ@&onftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1975 ckESpf rS 1984 ckESpftxd &wemvkyfief; &efukef+rdK@/ 1984 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd udk,fykdifaq;cef; &efukef+rdK@/ 1987 ckESpfwGif blrdvufaxmuftjzpf taemuf*smreD 'dkif;em;wpfukr`%DwGif oGm;a&mufvkyfudkifcJhonf? b,f*sD,H/ jyifopf/ t*Fvef/ ta&S@*smr%/D tdENd,/ xkdif;puFmylEdkifiHrsm;wGif oGm;a&mufavhvmcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfo@l 'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif ryg0ifaomfvnf; 1969 ckESpf/ u|ef;qG,f ausmif;om;ta&;tcif;wGifyg0ifv_yf&Sm;r_a=umifh (1)ESpfESifh(8)v zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? a';'&J+rdK@ e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;/ tzJG@acgif;aqmif/ wkdif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0efwkd@,lcJhonf? 1999 ckESpf/ ZGefv (11)&ufae@wGifusif;yjyKvkyfcJhonfh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@. tpnf;ta0;qHk;jzwfcsuft& 1999 ckEpS f/ ZGefv (14)&ufae@ &ufpGJygpmtrSwf/ 040§pnf;(pnf;¶Hk;)§99 jzifh OD;oef;xGef;tm; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; vHk;0udk,fpm;rjyKawmhonfh udk,fpm;vS,fjzpfa=umif; xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? 2004 ckESpf/ arv (17)&ufae@wGifjyefvnfusif;ycJhonfh etz. trsdK;om;nDvmcH odk@ woD;yk*~vtjzpf a¶G;aumufyGJwGifa¶G;cs,fcHxm;&aom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tpktzGJ@wGif wufa&mufcJh onf? 16? "EkjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;0if;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;0if;jrifhonf "EkjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(20388)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(55²57)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? "EkjzL+rdK@e,f/ anmifausmif;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGef;usif/ trd a':oef;wkd@rS 1951 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbm v (8)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;0if;jrifhonf anmifausmif;aus;&Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ "EkjzL+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ ykodrf+rdK@wGif tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(6)wGif tajccHynmoif=um;cJh+yD; 1974 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUokdvfrS ody`H(blrdaA')bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1981 ckESpfwGif txufwef; a&S@aepmar;yGJudkvnf;aumif;/ 1985 ckESpfwGif rSwfyHkwifa&S@aeoifwef;udkvnf;aumif; ajzqdkatmifjrifcJh onf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? "EkjzL+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif jyef=um;a&;r–;tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? - 291 -

17? "EkjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;aomif;&D/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;aomif;&Donf "EkjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(20210)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(52²8)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? "EkjzL+rdK@/ (10)&yfuGufZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;aiGqif/ trd a':apmvSwdk@rS 1945 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (10) &ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;aomif;&Donf "EkjzL+rdK@wGif (10)wef;atmifjrifcJh+yD;aemuf &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`H wuUodkvfrS 0dZ…m(Oya')/ Oya'0dZ…mbJG@wkd@udk&¶SdcJhonf? 1963 ckESpfrS 1974 ckESpftxd yyu pma&;("EkjzL+rdK@)/ 1985 ckESpfwGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD ygwDpdwfr–; (10)&yfuGuf/ "EkjzL+rdK@? "EkjzL+rdK@/ wif;epftoif;ESihf aoewfypftoif;/ a*gyutzJG@wkd@wGif OuUX/ twGif;a&;r–;/ w&m;¶Hk;csKyfa¶S@aetjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? "EkjzL +rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif tvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@ 'kwd,OuUX tjzpf 1989 ckESpfrS 1997 ckESpf txd aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1997 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (21)&ufae@wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tzGJ@0iftjzpfrS vnf;aumif;/ jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSvnf;aumif; EkwfxGucf Jh+yD; ppftkyfpktvdkusaqmif;yg; rsm;udk ppftpdk;&ydkifowif;pmrsm;wGif ‘OD;aomif;&D(w&m;¶Hk;csKyfa¶S@ae)/ NLD "EkjzLa¶G;cs,fcHudk,fpm;vS,f (EkwfxGuf)’uavmiftrnfjzifh a&;om;cJhonf? 18? ykodrftaemuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;wifacsm/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifacsmonf ykodrftaemuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(28829)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(58²93)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? tz OD;ESpf/ trd a':jrpfwdk@rS 1935 ckESpf/ arv (10)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? a&=unf+rdK@Zmwdjzpf onf? OD;wifacsmonf a&=unftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJhI 1964 ckESpfwGif ynma&;wuUokdvfrS 0dZ…m(ynma&;)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1964 ckESpfwGif omaygif;+rdK@e,f/ pufa'gifh}uD;aus;&Gm tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif; ausmif;tkyf}uD;/ 1982 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd weoFm&DESihf ykodrftaemuf+rdK@ e,fwkd@wGif +rdK@e,fynma&;r–;/ 1988 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (18)&ufae@wGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 19? ykodrftaemuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;ausmfrif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ausmfrif;onf ykodrftaemuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(32304)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²75)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? tz 0ÀausmfxifOD;bausmf(1920 ausmif;om;oydwfacgif;aqmif/ tpdk;&yHkESdyfwdkuf!¸ef =um;a&;0ef)/ trd a':at;=unfwdk@rS 1933 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (9)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;ausmfrif; onf i,fpOfu usKHaysmf+rdK@ESifh &efukef+rdK@wdk@wGifynmoif=um;+yD;/ 1949 ckESpfwGif wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmif jrifcJhonf? 1954 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUokdvfY wwd,ESpftif*sifeD,moifwef;wufa&mufaepOf tar&d uefjynfaxmifpk/ rufqmcsL;quf jynfe,fpufr_wuUodkvfodk@ ynmawmfoifoGm;a&mufcJh+yD; 1957 ckESpf - 292 -

wGif AdokumbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? &efukefwuUodkvfwGifynmoif=um;aepOf bmom&yftoD;oD;ESifh o[m,pmzwf toif;wdk@wGif tr_aqmiftjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? tif*sifeD,mausmif;om;rsm;or*~wGif wGJzuftwGif;a&; rª;tjzpfaqmif¶Guf&if; 1953 ckESpf/ ausmif;om;v_yf¶Sm;r_wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 1958 ckESpf rS 1960 jynfhESpftxd &efukefwuUodkvftif*sif eD,mr[mXme/ ydokumXmewGif vufaxmufuxdu/ Xmerª;tjzpfxrf;aqmifcJh+yD; tvkyfrSE_wfxGufcJhonf? 1961 ckESpfrSpI ukd,fykdifAdokumvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? jrefrmjynfhtESHtjym;¶Sd taqmuftODrsm; aqmufvkyf+yD;pD;cJh+yD; +rdK@¶Gmpnfyifa&;/ Adokumynmjyef@yGm;a&;wdk@udk tpOfwpdkuf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? q&m}uD;ocifudk,fawmfr_dif;*lAdrmefukd udk,fwdkifyHkpHa&;qGJ+yD; }uD;=uyfaqmufvkyfcJhonf? *lAdrmefapmifha¶Smufa&;tzGJ@wGif t}uHay;tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;.ZeD; a':cif=unf. psmyeA[dkaumfrwD0iftjzpfvnf;aumif;/ *loGif;o+*õK[fa&;qyfaumfrwDwGifvnf;aumif;/ *lAdrmefwnf aqmuf&mwGif udk,fwdkifyHkpHa&;qGJ}uD;=uyfaqmufvkyfcJhonf? *lAdrmef}uD;=uyfapmifha¶Smufa&;tzGJ@wGifvnf; t}uHay;tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[kdOD;pD;tzJG@0if/ A[kdtvkyftr_aqmiftzJG@0if/ jyef=um;a&;ESihf &Srf;jynfe,f pnf;±Hk;qufoG,fa&;tzJG@0if wm0efwdk@udkxrf;aqmifcJhonf? OD;ausmfrif;onf *ENDqHk;jzwfcsuftwdkif; e0w u v$wfawmfac:ray;v#if aqmif&Gufzkd@vdkonfhenf;vrf;oHk; oG,fpmwrf;ðypk &mwGif twGif;ususyg0ifcJhojzifh 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya'yk'fr 5 (u) (c) (n) t& jypfr_ xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr 11 (n) ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f tjzpf rSy,fzsufa=umif; aumfr&Sifu 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (10)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf (984)jzifh a=unmcJhonf? aemif(10)ESpftwGif; jyKvkyfrnfha¶G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf? e0w ppftkyfpk.zdtm;ay;r_a=umifh 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (24)&ufae@wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS xkwfy,fay;cJh&onf? 1992 ckESpf/ arv (20)&ufae@wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 1999 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (1)&ufae@wGif &efukef jynfol@aq;¶Hk}uD;Y tonf;a&m*gjzifh uG,fvGefonf? ema&;a=umfjim ² ² ² OD;ausmfrif; (Adokum) B.Arch. M.I.T. (A.I.I.A.)

touf (66)ESpf &efukef+rdK@ae (OD;bausmf)-(a':at;=unf)[email protected];}uD;/ yJcl;+rdK@ae (OD;oif;armif)-a':apm&Dwdk@. om;oruf/ &efukef+rdK@ trSwf(60)/ a&ausmfvrf;/ ykZGefawmif+rdK@e,fae a':0if;jrifhjrifh (0if;0if; 217/ bD¶Hk/ odrf}uD;aps;).cifyGef;/ udkausmfrif;atmif-rndKrm0if;/ udk+zdK;a0rif; (+zdK;ausmf/ r*Fvmaps;)-rat;at;atmif/ udkpdk;[email protected]/ armifydkif+zdK;cef@ (tru-12/ awmif§!Gef@)/ rtO…vDrif;/ armifcef@[email protected]; OD;ausmfrif;onf 1-7-99 &uf (=umoyaw;ae@) nae 5;30 em&DwGif &efukefjynfol@aq;¶Hk}uD;Y uG,fvGef oGm;ygojzifh 3-7-99 &uf (paeae@) eHeuf 11 em&DwGif a&a0;tat;wdkufrS a&a0;okomefodk@ ydk@aqmif o+*õK[frnfjzpfyga=umif;? usef&pfolrdom;pk 20? ykodrfta&S@+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;!Gef@v_dif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;!Gef@vd_ifonf ykodrfta&S@+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(19651)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(59²97)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? 1945 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (7)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;oef;armif.om;jzpfonf? OD;!Gef@v_difonf 196465 ckESpfwGif aq;wuUokdvf(1) Oypmwef;tqifhwufaepOf qkdAD,ufjynfaxmifpkodk@ EkdifiHjcm;ynmawmf - 293 -

oiftjzpfoGm;a&muf&ef a&G;cs,fjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1966 ckESpfrS 1971 ckESpftxd tufpfx&mcefig;ynm wuUodkvfwGifynmoif=um;cJh+yD; M. Sc. (Fishery) ig;ynmr[mody`HbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1972 ckESpfrS 1984 ckESpf txd ig;vkyfief;Xme +rdK@e,fOD;pD;r–;(rEWav;)/ rEWav;wuUokdvf owWaA'Xme tcsdefykdif;uxdu (yl;wGJ wm0ef)/ +rdK@e,fOD;pD;r–; anmifa&$/ rauG;ESifh ysOfrem;/ wkdif;OD;pD;r–; {&m0wDwdkif;(ykodrf)/ 1987 ckESpfwGif ukvor*~pm;eyf&duQmESifhpdkufysdK;a&;tzJG@tpnf;ta0;odk@ v,f,mESifhopfawm0ef}uD;ESifhtwl jrefrmudk,f pm;vS,ftzGJ@0if/ 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@ta&;awmfyHk}uD;umvwGif {&m0wDwkdif;vHk;qdkif&m 0efxrf;rsm;ESifhtvkyform;or*~ OuUX/ 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (13)&ufae@wGif zrf;qD;ta&;,ljcif;cHcJh& onf? 1989 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (14)&ufae@wGif tvkyfwm0efrS&yfqdkif;+yD; yifpifay;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 21? ykodrfta&S@+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;vS=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vS=unfonf ykodrfta&S@+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(19293)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(60²73)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? ykodrf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;oufxGef;/ trd a':apmwkd@rS 1944 ckESpfwGiaf rG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;vS=unf onf ajrmif;jr/ r&rf;ukef;tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;trSwf(5)/ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)/ ESpfjcif;c&pf ,mefausmif;wdk@wGifwuUodkvf0ifwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? ajrmif;jrausmif;om;rsm;or*~acgif;aqmif jzpfcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif OD;wifOD;.vHk+cHKa&; tzJG@0if/ 1988 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (14)&ufae@wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf {&m0wDwdkif; ±Hk;tzJG@0if/ 1988 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (20)&ufae@wGif wdkif;pnf;±Hk;a&;r–;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX OD;wifOD; . {&m0wD/ &ckdifESifhyJcl;wkdif;c&D;pOfwdk@wGifvnf;aumif;/ taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r–;a':atmifqef;pk=unf. {&m 0wDc&D;pOfwGifvnf;aumif; vdkufygcJhonf? ESpf}udrfzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cH&+yD;/ 1989 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (30) &ufae@wGifjyefvGwfonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf wdkif;pnf;r–;wm0efESifh b¾ma&;wm0efwdk@,lcJhonf? 22? yef;waemf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? a'gufwmwifrif;xGÉf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmwifrif;xGÉfonf yef;waemf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tm; udk,fpm;jyKI0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(21160)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(57²02)jzifh a&G;cs,fwif ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? a0g+rdK@e,f/ anmifcg;&Snf&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGef;=unf/ trd a':wifwifwdk@rS 1952 ckESpf/ arv (24)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwmwifrif;xGËfonf anmifcg;&Snftpdk;&tv,f wef;ausmif;/ a0g+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ yJcl;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)wkd@wGif tajccH ynmoif=um;cJh+yD; 1976 ckESpfwGif aq;wuUodkvf(2)&efukefrS q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1976-77 ckESpfwGif tvkyfoifq&m0ef(ajrmufOuUvmyaq;±Hk}uD;)/ 1986 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd wkdif;jynfolaumifpD0if({&m 0wDwdkif;)/ 1981 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd jrefrmEdkifiHq&m0eftoif; yef;waemftwGif;a&;r–;/ 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif yef;waemf+rdK@e,f &yf&Gmat;csrf;om,ma&;aumfrwD 0iftjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? yef;waemf+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif 'kwd,OuUX tjzpfwm0ef,lcJh onf? 1997 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (19)&ufae@wGif yef;waemf+rdK@e,f&Jpcef;rª;ESifhtzGJ@rS a'gufwmwifrif;xGÉf. aetdrfodk@0ifa&muf¶SmazGcJh+yD;/ aetdrfwGif a'gufwmwifrif;xGÉf.om;i,f aqmhupm;onfhcGufxJrS pifumyl - 294 -

EdkifiHoHk;taºuGaph(2)aphawG@¶Sdonfudk EdkifiHjcm;aiGw&m;r0ifvuf0,fxm;¶Sdr_ yk'fr(24)jzifh zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifcJh +yD; tr_qifw&m;pGJqdkI axmif'%fcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 23? yef;waemf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;ref;!Gef@odef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;ref!Gef@odef;onf yef;waemf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(21353)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(59²13)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? yef;waemf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;atmifcsif;az/ trd aomif;=unfwkd@rS 1949 ckESpf/ rwfv (15)&uf ae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? ref;!Gef@odef;onf yef;waemf+rdK@/ taemuf&yftpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ yef;waemf+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ =unfhjrifwkdiftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(3)wkd@wGif tajccH ynmoif=um;cJh+yD; &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`HbJG@(ocsFm)&¶SdcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,fjynfol@aumifpD0if(tcsdefydkif;)/ yef;waemf+rdK@e,f/ jyvif;/ rdef;rajy;&Gm wGJzuftpdk;&txufwef; ausmif;/ tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;wkd@wGif wGJzufausmif;q&m/ 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdk ua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? yef;waemf+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX tjzpfwm0ef,l cJhonf? 24? zsmyHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;aomif;wif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;aomif;wifonf zsmyHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(19073)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(63²03)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? zsmyHk+rdK@e,f/ tvef;zvGwf&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGef;a&$/ trd a':odef;wkd@rS 1944 ckESpf/ rwfv (1) &ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;aomif;wifonf tvef;zvGwf&Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ zsmyHk+rdK@ tpdk;&txuf wef;ausmif;trSwf(1)/ pD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvf(&efukef)wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1966 ckESpfwGif pdkufysKd;a&; abm*aA'bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1967 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ jrif;uukef;ESihf tpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)/ zsmyHkwdk@wGif txufwef;jyq&m/ 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdk ua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif zsmyHk wuUodkvfausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;or*~ OuUX/ zsmyHk+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ ZGefv (26)&ufae@wGif OD;aomif;wifu rdrdonf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfudkudk,fpm;ðyI v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHxm;&ol jzpfa=umif;/ tcktcg rdrdudk,fpm;jyKxm;aom trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzJG@ESifh {&m0wDwkdif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;tzJG@wkd@onf csrSwfxm;aom pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf; rl0g'wdk@ESifhtnD av;pm;vkdufemr_ r&Sd=uawmhbJ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf zsmyHk+rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;tzJG@tm; wzufowfzsufodrf;cJha=umif;/ ,if;a=umifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf(A[dk)ESifh {&m0wDwdkif;pnf;wkd@tay:wGif av;pm;,Hk=unfr_r&Sdawmh I aumfr&SifxH E_wfxGufcGifhawmif;cHvmo!fhtwGuf aumfr&Sifonf OD;aomif;wiftm; 1991 ckESpf/ ZGefv (26)&ufae@rSpI E_wfxGufcGifhðyvkdufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? 25? zsmykH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?

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OD;rif;aqG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;rif;aqGonf zsmyHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(20358)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(63²09)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? zsmyHk+rdK@e,f/ usHKu'Gef;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;zdk;usm;/ trd a':wifOwkd@rS 1944 ckESpf/ rwfv (16)&ufae@ wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;rif;aqGonf usHKu'Gef;tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ zsmyHk+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif; trSwf(1)wkd@wGif (10)wef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfESifh ynm a&;wuUodkvfwdk@rS ody`HbJG@ESihf 0dZ…mynma&;bJG@wkd@&¶SdcJhonf? 1967 ckESpfrS 1984 ckESpftxd zsmyHk+rdK@ tpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)/ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)/ ausmuf}uD;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef; ausmif;wkd@wGif txufwef;jyq&m/ 1977 ckESpfrS 1987 txd +rdK@e,fvrf;pOfvli,f pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;/ 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif wuUodkvfausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;or*~/ zsmyHk wGif 'kwd,OuUX tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf +rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1996 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (28)&ufae@wGif {&m0wDwdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;tzGJ@0ifwOD;jzpfol OD;rif;aqGESifh om; jzpfol +rdK@e,fvli,fwm0efcH udkodef;aqGwdk@tm; 1984 ckESpf/ bmom&yfoifudk,fydkifoifwef;Oya' yk'fr 14 (c)/ 20 (u)(c)jzifhzrf;qD;csKyfaESmifjcif;cHcJh&+yD;/ oifwef;q&mrSwfyHkwifu'fjym;ESifh bmom&yfoifudk,fydkif oifwef;rSwfyHkwifvufrSwfudkxkwfay;cJhjcif;/ 1984 ckESpf/ bmom&yfoifudk,fykdifoifwef;Oya' vkyfxHk;vkyf enf;rsm;ESifhnDnGwfr_&dSa}umif;pDppfawG@&dS&ojzifh rSwyf HkwifcGifhjyKa}umif;ta}umif;}um;ygonf[k twdtvif; azmfjyxm;jcif;/ 1/ 6/ 96 rS 31/ 5/ 97 txd oif}um;cGifh&dSonf[kazmfjyxm;jcif;wdk@yg&dSygvsuf OD;rif;aqGudk 1984 ckESpf/ bmom&yfoifudk,fydkifoifwef;Oya' yk'fr (22) (23) wdk@t& axmif'%f(3)ESpfESifh aiG'%f ( 30000d§-)pDudk wpfaygif;wnf;uscHap&efjypf'%fcsrSwfcJhygonf// aiG'%fraqmifojzifh axmif'%f(9)v csrSwfcJhonf? 2000 jynfhESpf/ rwfv (14)&uf ae@wGif OD;rif;aqGESifhom;jzpfoludkrsdK;rif;aqGwdk@(2)OD;tm; zsmyHk&Jpcef;rSvma&mufac:aqmifI jypfr_qdkif&mOya' yk'fr (409)jzifh pm;azsmft&ufqdkifrS wefzdk;aiG (70000)usyfausmfweft&ufrsm;udk OD;rif;aqGwdk@om; tzESpfOD;rSvma&muf,loGm;r_jzifh tr_qifw&m;pGJqdk cJhonf? 26? bdkuav;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;0if;}udKif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;0if;}udKifonf bkduav;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkr(J 19953)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(51²68)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? bkduav;+rdK@e,f/ urmuvlaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ausmfpdef/ trda':=uifwifhwdk@rS 1944 ckESpf/ arv (26)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;0if;}udKifonf a':ok"rRpm&Dausmif;(bkduav;)ESifh OD;xGef;armif ausmif;(&efukef)wkd@wGif q,fwef;atmifonftxdvnf;aumif;/ ykodrfaumvdyfESifh &efukefwuUodkvfwkd@wGif ody`H(±lyaA')bGJ@&¶Sdonftxdvnf;aumif; ynmoif=um;cJhonf? urmuvlwdkufe,faq;±Hkaqmufvkyfa&; tzJG@ESifh wGJzuftpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;(urmuvl)wkd@wGif OuUXtjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? yifv,fxyd f aus;&GmwGifudk,fydkifqefpuf&Sdonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif &yfrd &yfzwOD;tjzpfyg0ifcJhonf? 1989 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&DvwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfodk@0ifcJhonf? a'guf wmpdef0if;OD;aqmifaom pif+ydKiftpdk;&tm;axmufcHaom v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f(250)wGif ryg0ifcJhaomf vnf; *ENDa=unmpmwrf;udkvufrSwfa&;xkd;cJhonf? bkduav;+rdK@e,f wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD/ iydacsmif;aus;&GmrJ±Hkudk,fpm;vS,f OD;jr[efu ‘OD;0if;óudiftEdkif&&SdaomrJrsm;onf w&m;rJhjyKusifh&mrS&&SdcJh - 296 -

jcif;jzpfa=umif;’pGyfpGJvsuf a&G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mwifoGif;xm;I a&G;aumufyGJcHktrSwf(2)wGif =um;em ppfaq;cJhonf? bdkuav;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? 27? bdkuav;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? a'gufwmpdefjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmpdefjrifhonf bdkuav;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(28259)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(54²3)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? tz OD;oef;xGef;(armfuGef;0ifyxrqifh)/ trd a':cifpdefwdk@rS 1955 ckESp/f {+yDv (2)&ufae@wGifarG; zGm;cJhonf? bkduav;+rdK@e,f/ u'Hkuedaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? a'gufwmpdefjrifhonf q,fwef;atmifonf txd bdkuav;+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)wGif tajccHynmoif=um;cJhI q&m0efbJG@udk aq; wuUodkvf(1)rS 1980 jynfhESpfwGif&¶SdcJhonf? 1980-81 ckESpfwGif tvkyfoifq&m0ef/ 1981 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd udk,fydkifaq;cef;(u'Hkued/ bdkuav;) zGifhvSpfcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdk ua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif rdom;pkESifhtwl &efukef+rdK@/ uefawmfuav;wGifa&mufaecdkufyg0ifcJhonf? 1989 ckESpf/ {+yDv (10)&ufae@wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unfESihftzJG@ u'Hkuedaus;&Gmodk@ pnf;¶Hk;a&;c&D;vma&mufpOf wnf;ckdjyKpkr_wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1989 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (9)&ufae@wGif EkdifiHawmftm;aESmifh,SufzsufqD;vdkol rsm;.tEW&m,frS umuG,fapmifha&SmufonfhOya' yk'fr 10 (u) t& ykodrfaxmifYzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh& +yD; 1989 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (30)&ufae@wGijf yefvGwfonf? *ENDtpnf;ta0;odk@wufa&mufcJhonf? a&G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mwifoGif;jcif;cH&I a¶G;aumufyGJcHktzJG@(2)rS =um;emppfaq;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 28? rtlyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;cspfoef;/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? OD;cspfoef;onf rtlyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDtm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(23861)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(47²92)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? tz OD;wifat;/ trd a':pdefEGJ@wdk@rS 1946 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (18)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? "EkjzL +rdK@e,f/ ESJusdK;aus;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;cspfoef;onf ESJusdK;tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ ZvGefaumhwyf}uD; tpdk;& tv,fwef;ausmif;/ "EkjzLtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif tajccHynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1980 jynfhESpfwGif pmay;pm,ljzifh &efukefwuUodkvfrS Oya'bGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1971 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd "EkjzL+rdK@e,fygwD,lepf aumfrwD0if/ +rdK@e,fawmifolv,form;aumifpD twGif;a&;rª;/ A[dkawmifolv,form;aumifpD0if/ tajccH EdkifiHa&;oifwef;trSwfpOf(22)qif;/ rtlyif+rdK@e,f ygwD,lepf pnf;aumfrwD0if/ +rdK@e,fawmifolv,form; tpnf;t¶Hk;udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 29? rtlyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;vSjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSjrifhonf rtlyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(25835)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(55²4)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? - 297 -

rtlyif+rdK@e,f/ oHjzLpk&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;wifh/ trdd a':yHkwkd@rS 1924 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;vSjrifh onf oHjzLpk¶Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ ckESpftdrfwef;tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;wkd@wGif ckESpfwef;txdynm oif=um;cJhonf? 1942 ckESpfrS 1945 ckESpftxd ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtdkifat)/ ArmhumuG,fa&; wyfrawmf(bD'Dat)/ ArmhrsdK;cspfwyfrawmf(yDADtufzf)wkd@wGif &Jabmf/ 'kd@Armtpnf;±Hk;0if/ 1949 ckESpfrS 1958 ckESpftxd A-w-v-p/ p-y-u-o/ wD-,l-pD-bD twGif;a&;r–;(yef;waemf)/ 1958 ckESpfrS 1962 ckESpftxd rtlyifc±dkif y-x-p twGif;a&;r–;/ 1953 ckESpfrS 1958 ckESpftxd vufaxmufc±kdif0efxrf;r–;(v,f,majr EkdifiHydkifðyvkyfa&;) rtlyif/ 1964 ckESpfrS 1966 ckESpftxd a0,Hu|ef;bkef;}uD;ausmif; rlvwef;q&m/ 1967 ckESpfrS 1980 jynfhESpftxd ukefoG,fv,f,m0efxrf;(rtlyif)/ 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pD ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif +rdK@rd/ +rdK@z (13)OD;tzJG@wGifyg0ifcJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if(yxrqifh) &¶SdcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf wdkif;}uD;=uyfr_acgif;aqmifwm0ef,lcJhonf? 1996 ckESpfwGif 0wW&m;aESmifh,Suf r_jzifhw&m;pGJqdkI axmif'%fcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 30? armfv+rdKifu|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;vSaz/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSazonf armfv+rdKifu|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(24960)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(53²03)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? tz OD;armifqkdif(¶kyf¶Sif¶Hkrefae*sm)/ trd a':tkef;oifwdk@rS 1927 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (19)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;vSazonf armfv+rdKifu|ef;+rdK@ OD;armifaxG;txufwef;ausmif;ESifh +rdK@rtxufwef;ausmif; wkd@wGif (10)wef;txfdynmoif=um;cJhonf? ausmif;om;or*~ESifh ausmif;om;oHr%dwyfzGJ@ Xmerª;/ ajrmif;jr c¶dkif ausmif;om;or*~ tvkyftr_aqmifjzpfcJh+yD;/ ausmif;om;oydwfESifh ArmhvGwfvyfa&;twGuf t*Fvdyf e,fcsJ@qef@usifa&;wdkufyGJrsm;wGif 'dk@Armtpnf;t¶Hk;/ vuf¶Hk;wyfrsm;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1942 ckESpfrS 1945 ckESpftwGif; armfv+rdKifu|ef;+rdK@/ rD;owftpnf;t¶Hk;wGifyg0ifcJh&if; zufqpf*syefrsm;udkawmfvSef &ef ajratmufawmfvSefa&;twGuf jynfol@ta&;awmfyHkygwD twGif;a&;rª;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1946 ckESpfrS 1958 ckESpftwGif; armfv+rdKifu|ef;+rdK@e,f Armjynfqdk¶S,fvpfygwDESifh ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m awmifolv,form;tpnf;t¶Hk; twGif;a&;rª;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ ajrmif;jrc¶dkif qdk¶S,fvpfygwDESifh (z-qy-v)tzGJ@ twGif;a&;rª;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ v,f,majrEdkifiHydkifjyKvkyfa&;0ef}uD;Xme ygvDreftwGif;0ef tjzpfvnf;aumif;aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1958 ckESpfrS 1962 ckESpftwGif; {&m0wDwdkif;(z-q-y-v)tzGJ@ twGif;a&;rª;ESifh (A-w-v-p)XmecsKyf wGJzuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;(pnf;¶Hk;a&;)wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1968 ckESpfrS 1987 ckESpftxd ydk@aqmifqufoG,fa&;0ef}uD;XmewGif !‡dE_dif;a&;t&m&Sdtjzpfvnf;aumif;/ pDrHudef; ESifhvkyfief;aqmif¶Gufa&;OD;pD;XmewGif wdkif;OD;pD;rª;tjzpfvnf;aumif; wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1986 ckESpf wGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if(yxrqifh)/ jynfaxmifpkorRw a¶$wHqdyfqk/ EdkifiHh*k%f&nf ('kwd,qifh)wdk@&¶SdcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif vGwfvyfa&; wdkufyGJtpOftvm¶SdcJh=uaom EdkifiHa&;&Jabmfrsm;ESifhtwl jynfolw&yfvHk;.qENjzpfonfh 'Drdkua&pDtpdk;& ay:aygufa&;twGuf a=unmcsufxkwfjyefjcif;/ ygw*D dk%f;*%uif;¶Sif;aom wckwnf;aomawmifolv,f orm;tzGJ@ay:ayguf&ef aqG;aEG;!d‡Ed_if;+yD; (,m,D) tajccHrsm;zGJ@cJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif A[kd OD;pD;tzGJ@0if/ A[kdawmifolv,form;tzJG@ twGif;a&;r–;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? yJcl;wdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;tzGJ@0if wm0ef yl;wGJaqmif¶GufcJhonf? {&m0wDwkdif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;tzJG@0ifwm0ef,lcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ rwfv (26)&uf ae@wGif jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;onfh A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@wGif tzGJ@0iftjzpfwdk;jr‡ifhwm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (16)&ufae@wGifzGJ@pnf;cJhonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwDwGif tzGJ@0if - 298 -

jzpfvmcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ arv (30)&ufae@wGifjzpfyGm;cJhonfh 'DyJ,if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vkyf}uHwdkufcdkufowf jzwfr_jzpfyGm;pOf etz rS aetdrftus,fcsKyfjzpfh xdef;odrf;xm;cJh&mrS 2003 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (23)&ufae@wGif jyefvGwfonf? 31? armfv+rdKifu|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;wifvS/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifvSonf armfv+rdKifu|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(20317)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(51²81)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? OD;bdk;aomf.om;jzpfonf? 1936 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (4)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? armfv+rdKifu|ef;+rdK@ Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;wifvSonf armfv+rdKifu|ef;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif q,fwef;txdynmoif =um;cJhonf? 1964 ckESpfwGif a':aX;aX;ESifhvufxyfcJhonf? udk,fydkifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfudkifonf? vlr_a&;wGif jynfvHk;csrf;om a*gyutzJG@ 'kwd,OuUX/ +rdK@r(4) or0g,r twGif;a&;r––;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 32? ajrmif;jr+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;atmif=uif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;atmif=uifonf ajrmif;jr+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(27446)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(53²22)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? 1957 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (3)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? ajrmif;jr+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;armif=uif.om;jzpf onf? OD;atmif=uifonf 1974 ckESpfwGif q,fwef;udk t*Fvdyfpm*k%fxl;jzifhatmifjrifI 1981 ckESpfwGif ody`H(±lyaA')bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? ajrmif;jr+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 33? ajrmif;jr+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;pdk;rif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pkdk;rif;onf ajrmif;jr+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(26725)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(58²81)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1956 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (17)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;tkef;az.om;jzpfonf? OD;pkd;rif;onf 1977 ckESpfwGif q,fwef;atmifjrifI 1980-81 ckESpfwGif ykodrfaumvdyfrS jrefrmpmt"dujzifh 0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? rdb vufikufvuf&if; jrefrmhaq;ynmjzifhtoufarG;onf? ajrmif;jr+rdK@e,f/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? 34? jrefatmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;wifOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

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OD;wifOD;onf jrefatmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(20248)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(66²62)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? 1941 ckESpf/ ZGefv (1)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? [oFmw+rdK@e,f/ ydawmufukef;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;bat;.om;jzpfonf? OD;wifOD;onf 1968 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS 0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? vufaxmuf+rdK@ydkifoifwef;wufcJh+yD; 1969 ckESpfwGif vufaxmuf+rdK@ydkif tifyif+rdK@e,fcJG(jrefatmif)/ 1971 ckESpfwGif 'kwd,OD;pD;r–;(jrefatmif)/ 1974 ckESpfwGif txufwef;a&S@aepmar;yGJatmifjrifcJhonf? 1974 ckESpf wGif +rdK@e,faumifpDtwGif;a&;r––;/ 1977 ckESpfwGif ygwDrSoef@pifjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1977-78 ckESpfwGif 'k±Hk;tzJG@r–;/ +rdK@e,faumifpD/ pvif;+rdK@(rauG;wkdif;)/ 1978 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? xdk@aemuf txufwef;a&S@ae tjzpfvdkufygaqmif¶Gufonf? 35? jrefatmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;jrifhod%f;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrifhod%f;onf jrefatmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(31160)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(70²32)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh &onf? jrefatmif+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;rl/ trd a':ndKwdk@rS 1955 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (4)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm; cJhonf? OD;jrifhod%f;onf 1973 ckESpfwGif jrefatmif tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS(10)wef;atmifjrifI 1976 ckESpfwGif ykodrfaumvdyfYwwd,ESpf(ocsFm)wufaepOf rwfvausmif;om;ta&;tcif;wGif wufºuGpGmyg0if cJhojzifh yk'fr (5)jzifh (2)ESpfzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1982 ckESpfwGif ocsFmt"dujzihfbJG@&cJhonf? usL&Sif vkyfief;jzifhtoufarG;onf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif a&S@wef;rS wufºuGpGmyg0ifaqmif&GufcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf jrefatmif+rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;tzGJ@ OuUX tjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? 2004 ckESpf/ rwfv (6)&ufae@/ eHeuf(11;00)em&DwGifuG,fvGefcJhonf? rwfv(7)&ufae@ o+*õKvf onfhpsmyetcrf;tem;wGif }uHcif;+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf +rdK@e,fpnf;&Hk;a&;tzGJ@0ifrsm;/ jref atmif+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ +rdK@e,fESifh&yfuGufaus;&Gmpnf;&Hk;a&;tzGJ@0ifrsm;ESifh yef;waemf/ usHK aysmf+rdK@e,frsm;rS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tygt0if jrefatmif+rdK@e,fjynfolvlxkoHk;aomif;cef@ u pnfum;odkuf+rdKufpGmvdkufygydk@aqmif=uonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf jrefatmif+rdK@e,frS ta&G;cs,f cH&+yD;onfhaemufydkif;wGifvnf; ygwDwm0ef/ wdkif;jynfwm0efrsm;udk wufºuGckdif}unfpGmxrf;aqmifcJholjzpf onf? 2003 ckESpf/ arv (30)&ufae@wGijf zpfyGm;cJhonfh 'DyJ,if;aoG;acsmif;pD; vkyf}uHwdkufcdkuf owfjzwfr_ ta&;tcif;twGufvnf; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS vkyfazmfudkifbuf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f rsm;ESifhtwlyl;aygif;vsuf w&m;cHtppftrSefrsm;azmfxkwfa&;twGuf awmif;qdkcJhonf? ZeD;jzpfolrSm 1999 ckESpfuyifuG,fvGefESifhcJh+yD;/ uG,fvGefcsdefwGif orD; roef@ZifZifodef;/ om; +zdK; pnfol[def;ESifh om;i,f+zdK;nDolodef;wdk@oHk;OD;usef&pfcJhonf? 36? a&=unf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)? OD;!Gef@0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

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OD;!Gef@0if;onf a&=unf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(28327)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(62²66)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? ykodrf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;btkef;/ trd a':xGm;wdk@rS 1939 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;!Gef@0if; onf 0dZ…mbJG@ESifhynma&;'Dyvkdrm&¶SdcJhonf? 1958 ckESpfrS 1960 jynfhESpftxd ykodrfaumvdyfausmif;om; twGif;a&;r–;/ OuUX/ 1961 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd tv,fwef;jy/ txufwef;jy/ vufaxmufynma&;r–; (ykodrfta&S@/ ykodrftaemuf/ iykawm/ o&uf/ yif;w,/ a&=unf) 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@ 'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif a&=unfòrd@e,f/ +idrf;csrf;pGmvlxkqENazmfxkwfa&;aumfrwD OuUX tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (4)&ufae@rS 1988 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (2)&ufae@txd zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1988 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (1)&ufae@wGif vufaxmufynma&;rª;wm0efrS t+idrf;pm;ay;jcif;cHcJh&onf? {&m0wDwdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD0iftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1996 ckESpfwGif +rdK@ ¶GmESifhtdk;tdrfzGH@+zdK;a&;OD;pD;XmerS ‚if;ESifhrdom;pkaexdkif&m ykodrf+rdK@/ jynfawmfomwdkuf/ trSwf(52)rS twif; tusyfz,f¶Sm;cdkif;ojzifh z,f¶Sm;ay;cJh&onf? 37? a&=unf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;armifarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;armifarmifonf a&=unf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(26740)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(59²07)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? ig;odkif;acsmif;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;a&$azmh/ trd a':pdefwifhwkd@rS 1922 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (23) &ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;armifarmifonf &efukefwuUokdvfrS 0dZ…mbG@J&I 0dZ…m*k%fxl;wef;aemufqHk;ESpf +yD;qHk;onftxdynmoif=um;cJhonf? tm&Svli,f/ z-q-y-v vli,f wGJzuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;r–;ESifh (wnf+rJ) z-q-y-v A[kdtvkyftr_aqmif/ 1952 ckESpfrS 1958 ckESpftxd ygvDreftwGif;0ef/ jyef=um; a&;0ef}uD;Xme/ ygvDreftrwf(a&=unf§ig;odkif;acsmif;)/ 1968 ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd tzJG@0if(yifv,ful; oabFmESihfudk,fpm;vS,fvkyfief;)/ 'kwd,taxGaxGrefae*sm([kdw,fESihfwkd;&pf)/ 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? EkdifihH*k%f&nf('kwd,qifh)&onf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf A[kdOD;pD;(ukefoG,f§pD;yGm;) acgif;aqmif wm0ef,lcJhonf? *ENDqHk;jzwfcsuftwdkif; e0wrS v$wfawmf ac:ray;v#if vkyfaqmif&r!fhenf;vrf;oHk;oG,fpmwef;udk wkdifyifa&;om;ðypk&mwGifyg0ifcJhojzifh oufqkdif&m rSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 38? vyGwWm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;=unf0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;=unf0if;onf vyGwWm+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(23483)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(66²83)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? vyGwWm+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;aomif;pdef/ trd a':usifpdefwdk@rS 1946 ckESpf/ arv (27)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;=unf0if;onf 0dZ…m(Oya')bJG@ESifh Oya'0dZ…mbJG@&w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aejzpfonf? 1988 ckESpfwGif a':ar$;ar$;ESifhvufxyfcJhonf? vyGwWma&S@aetoif; twGif;a&;r–;/ 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdk ua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (19)&ufae@rS 1988 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv

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(1)&ufae@txd zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? vyGwWm+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–; tjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? 39? vyGwWm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? a'gufwmat;=uL/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmat;=uLonf vyGwWm+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(19676)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(56²82)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? &efukef+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1949 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (29)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;a&$zkef;.om;jzpf onf? a'gufwmat;=uLonf rlvwef;ynmukd wGHaw;+rdK@wGifoif=um;cJhI wmarGtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif; trSwf(1)rS (10)wef;atmifjrif+yD; 1977 ckESpfwGif aq;wuUodkvf(1)&efukefrS q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1980 jynfhESpfwGif a':cifcifóudifESifhvufxyfcJhonf? udk,fydkifaq;cef;zGifhvSpfvkyfudkifonf? vyGwWm+rdK@e,f trsdK; om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;tjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? 40? av;rsufESm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;pDarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;pDarmifonf av;rsufESm+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(16041)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(72²9)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? av;rsufESm+rdK@e,f/ cHk}uD;Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;armif&Sdef/ trd a':odef;wdk@rS 1947 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (27)&uf ae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? wpfOD;wnf;aomom;jzpfonf? OD;pDarmifonf av;rsufESm+rdK@tpdk;&txuf wef;ausmif;rS e0rwef;atmifjrifcJhI [oFmw+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJh onf? ykodrfaumvdyfESif&efukefwuUodkvfwdk@wGif pdwfynm'kwd,ESpftxdynmoif=um;cJhonf? &efukef wuUodkvfwGifynmoif=um;aepOf 1962 ckESpf/ Zlvdkif (7)&uf ta&;tcif;ESifhywfoufI ausmif;xkwfcHcJh& onf? ,if;aemuf &yfuGufvHk+cHKa&;ESifhtkyfcsKyfr_aumfrwDpma&;tjzpf (5)cef@0ifa&mufvkyfudkifcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfwGif a':jrifhpdefESifh vufxyfcJhonf? av;rsufESm+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? rEWav;+rdK@wGif pOfòydiftpdk;&zJG@pnf;a&;/ awmwGif;,m,Dtpdk;&zJG@pnf;a&;wkd@ESifhywfoufI 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmvESifhatmufwkdbmvtwGif; v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;rsm;ðyvkyf&mwGifyg0ifcJha=umif; ppfaq;ay: aygufojzifh ta&;,l&efaqmif&GufaepOf xGufajy;wdrf;a&SmifoGm;I oufqkdif&mrS w&m;cHajy;tjzpfowf rSwfa=umif; 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (4)&ufae@wGifa=unmcJhonf? 1991 ckEpS f/ arv (16)&ufae@xkwf vkyfom;owif;pmwGif OD;pDarmifESifhywfoufIowif;wyk'fyg&Sdonf? OD;pDarmifonf av;rsufESm+rdK@e,f/ taemuf±dk;rawmifay:&Sd 0g;awmufacsmif;teD;wGif ,m,DwJxkd;xm;+yD;ykef;atmifaepOf 1991 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&D v (30)&ufae@wGif iSufzsm;a&m*gjzihfaoqHk;oGm;a=umif;/ ‚if;ESifhtwlaexkdifcJh=uaom awmifuav;&Gm om; OD;pdefarmifESifhcifarmif0if;/ rSefuef&Gmom; zdk;odef;wdk@rS oufqdkif&mokd@xkwfazmf0efcHowif;ay;=uojzihf tcif;jzpf&modk@oGm;a&mufppfaq;&m OD;pDarmif.tavmif;udkawG@&SdcJh&onf? OD;pDarmifaoqHk;onfrSmrSefuef a=umif; qdkif&mrStwnfjyKcJhonf? okd@jzpfI a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifrSvnf; 1991 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (30)&uf ae@wGif OD;pDarmifuG,fvGefoGm;a=umif;ESifh a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&aomtrnfpm&if;rS y,fzsufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? - 302 -

41? av;rsufESm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;qef;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;qef;jrifhonf av;rsufESm+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(15644)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²86)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? a&=unf+rdK@e,f/ tokwfZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;cspfat;/ trd a':at;wifwkd@rS 1950 jynfhESpf/ arv (2)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;qef;jrifhonf &efukefwuUodkvfrSOya'bJG@& w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aejzpfonf? 1980 jynfhESpfwGif a':oef;oef;axG;(tkdifojyK)ESifhvufxyfcJhonf? av;rsufESm+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf wGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 42? 0g;c,fr+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;wifatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifatmifonf 0g;c,fr+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(26595)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(32²65)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? 0g;c,fr+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;armifcsKd/ trd a':tkef;arwkd@rS 1944 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (22)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;wifatmifonf wm0wöom tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ 0g;c,fr+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif; wkd@wGif tajccHynmoif=um;cJh+yD; &efukefwuUodkvfrS 0dZ…m(Oya')bJG@ESifh Oya'0dZ…mbJG@wkd@udk 1972-73 ckESpf wGif&¶SdcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfrSpI w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aetjzpfvdkufygaqmif&GufcJhonf? 43? 0g;c,fr+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? Adkvfrª;}uD;oufa0(t+idrf;pm;)/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD? Adkvfrª;}uD;oufa0(t+idrf;pm;)onf 0g;c,fr+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk; nD!Gwfa&;ygwDtm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(17893)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(43²09)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? &efukef+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1928 ckESpf/ ZGefv (3)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;bb.om;jzpfonf? Adkvfrª;}uD;oufa0(t+idrf;pm;)onf Oypm0dZ…mtxufwef;txd &efukefwuUodkvf wGifynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1949 ckESpfwGif t*FvefEdkifiH (MONS) Adkvfoifwef;qif; 'kwd,Adkvf/ 1952 ckESpf wGif t*FvefwGif tajrmufwyfcGJrª;oifwef;ESifh 1955-56 ckESpfwGif tar&duefjynfaxmifpkwGif wef;jrifh tajrmufynmoifwef;wufcJhonf? 1956 ckESpfwGif tajrmufenf;jy ppfOD;pD;wuUodkvf/ 1960-61 ckESpfwGif w¶kwf-jrefrm e,fjcm;owfrSwfa&;tzGJ@acgif;aqmif/ 1962 ckESpfrS 1970 jynfhESpftxd wyf&if;rª;/ A[dkESifh tajrmufwyf(2)/ 1964 ckESpfrS 1966 ckESpfwGif c¶dkifvHk+cHKa&;ESifhtkyfcsKyfra_ umfrwD OuUX vm;¶d_;/ 1971 ckESpfrS 1974 ckESpftxd w¶kwfEdkifiHjrefrmhppfoH/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1976 ckESpftxd 'kwd,!¸ef=um;a&;rª; uu(oH)/ 1976 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd jrefrmaumifppf0efcsKyf a[mifaumifu|ef;/ 1978 ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd !¸ef =um;a&;rª; uu(oH)/ 1986 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD A[dkaumfrwD0if (XmecsKyf/ tcsdefjynfh)/ ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf(bD'Dat)/ ArmhrsKd ;cspfwyfrawmf(yDbDtufzf)wGifyg0ifcJhI armfuGef; 0if('kwd,qifh)&cJhonf? aZ,sausmfxifESifh xl;c|efwHqdyf(3)ck&cJhonf? - 303 -

44? omaygif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;vSjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;vSjrifhonf omaygif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(14846)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(59²33)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? omaygif;+rdK@e,f/ xef;yl;rusD;ukef;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;odef;armif/ trd a':oli,frwkd@rS 1947 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (24)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;vSjrifhonf 0dZ…m(Oya')/ Oya'0dZ…mESifh txufwef;a&S@ae pmar;yJGwkd@udkatmifjrifxm;onfh w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aejzpfonf? 1970 jynfhESpfwGif a':ciftkef;jrifhESifhvufxyfcJh onf? ykodrf+rdK@a&S@aersm;toif;. twGif;a&;r–;tjzpf (10)ESpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? 45? omaygif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;oef;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;oef;0if;onf omaygif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(17509)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(65²96)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? omaygif;+rdK@e,f/ uif;wyfaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;[efpdef/ trd a':,Ofjrwkd@rS 1947 ckESpf/ arv (25)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;oef;0if;onf &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS 1968 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…m(yx0D) bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1968 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd tv,fwef;jyq&m(ynma&;Xme)/ 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (18)&ufae@rS 1988 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (22)&ufae@txd zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1989 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (1)&ufae@rSpI wm0efrSt+idrf;pm;,lcGifh&cJhonf? xdk@aemuf vuform;tvkyfjzifh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;cJhonf? omaygif;+rdK@ e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGifwm0ef,lcJhonf? 46? [oFmw+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;jroef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jroef;onf [oFmw+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm; jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkr(J 39479)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(58²31)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? "rBDZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;odef;armif/ trd a':[email protected];jzpfonf? OD;jroef;onf &efukef+rdK@ pdefaygvfausmif;ESifh +rdK@rtrsKd;om;ausmif;wdk@wGif t*Fvdyf-jrefrm e0rwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 'dk@Armtpnf;t±Hk;/ tm&Svli,f0if/ ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtdkifat)/ ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf (bD'Dat)/ ArmhrsdK;cspfwyfrawmf(yDADtufzf)wkd@wGif ppfa&;/ EkdifiHa&;t&yg0ifcJhI vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if (yxr)qifh&¶SdcJhonf? 1945 ckESpfrS 1947 ckESpftxd jynfol@&Jabmfppfacgif;aqmif/ 1948 ckESpfrS 1958 ckESpf txd z-q-y-v c±dkiftr_aqmifESihf vli,ftwGif;a&;r–;/ 1958 ckESpfrS 1960 jynfhESpftxd wnf+rJ z-q-y-v [oFmwajrmuf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHcJh&onf? y-x-p ESifh r-q-v vufxuf rnfonfhtzJG@wGifrSryg0ifcJhyJ 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@

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'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? [oFmw+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf +rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;r–; wm0ef,lcJhonf? 47? [oFmw+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? a'gufwmaZmfjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmaZmfjrifhonf [oFmw+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(48758)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²34)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? armfv+rdKif+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;azwif/ trd a':=uifjrwkd@rS 1943 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (2)&uf ae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwmaZmfjrifhonf armfv+rdKif pdef@yx&pfausmif;/ rEWav; vzkef;ausmif;/ &efukef rufo'pftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;(,ck '*Hk-1)/ armfv+rdKif tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1) wdk@wGif tajccHynmoif=um;cJh&m wuUokdvf0ifwef;udk ±lyaA'*k%fxl;jzifhatmifjrifI xl;c|efqk&cJhonf? 1969 ckESpf wGif oGm;bufqdkif&maq;wuUodkvfrS (bD'Dtufpf) oGm;bufqkdif&mq&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1971 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd oGm;bufqdkfif&mq&m0ef armfv+rdKifausmif;usef;rma&;Xme/ rif;wyf(csif;jynfe,f)/ [oFmwESifh iykawm jynfol@aq;±Hk/ 1988 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (11)&ufae@wGif &mxl;rSE_wfxGufcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? udk,fydkiaf q;cef;zGifhvSpfvkyfudkif onf? 1973 ckESpfwGif a':cifoef;ESifhvufxyfcJhonf? 29-9-1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (29)&ufae@wGif tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrfwGifjyKvkyfaom ,m,D tpdk;&zGJ@pnf;a&;v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;odk@wufa&mufcJhonf? ,if;tpnf;ta0;wGif 'kwd,*ENDnDvmcH ac:,la&;/ ,m,Dtpkd;&zGJ@pnf;a&;wkd@ukdk tm;wufoa&maqG;aEG;cJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (30) &ufae@wGif rEWav;taemufawmif+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf±Hk;wGifðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpkd;&zJG@pnf; a&; v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;odk@vnf;wufa&mufcJhonf? odk@twGuf oufqkdif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh& onf? ,if;aemufa'gufwmaZmfjriffhonf jypfr_qkdif&mOya' yk'fr 122 (1) t& jypf'%fpD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr 11 (n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzihf jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwD pHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (27)&ufae@wGif a=unm csuftrSwf(991)jzifha=unmcJhonf? aemifwGifjyKvkyfrnfha¶G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwf yifcJhonf? 48? t*Fyl+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? OD;jr0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jr0if;onf t*Fyl+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(30800)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(67²02)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;xGef;+rdKif/ trd a':rDrDwdk@rS 1949 ckESpf/ ZGefv (9)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? t*Fyl+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;jr0if;onf t*Fyl+rdK@e,f/ csKdukef;tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ anmifusdK;tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ [oFmw+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(4)wkd@wGif (10)wef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? &Spfwef;ESifh ukd;wef;wdk@wGif [oFmwc±dkifvl&nfc|eftjzpfa&G;cs,fjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1971-72 ckESpfwGif q,fwef;udk awmifOuUvmypmppf XmerS oHk;bmom*k%fxl;jzifh tvGwfajzqkdatmifjrifcJhonf? xkd@aemuf aq;wuUodkvf(1)wGif wwd,ESpf txdwufa&mufcJhonf? OD;oef@ta&;tcif;ESifhr_dif;&mjynfhta&;tcif;wGifyg0ifcJhojzifh 1976 ckESpfwGif - 305 -

ausmif;xkwfcHcJh&+yD; axmif'%f(9)ESpfuscHcJh&onf? 1980 jynfhESpfwGif vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifhtrdef@jzifh axmifrS jyefvGwfcJhonf? 1980 jynfhESpfrSpI wGJbuftv,fwef;jy (2)ESpf/ wGJbuftxufwef;jy (2)ESpf/ usL&Sifq&m tjzpf (2)ESpfvkyfcJhonf? pmay;pm,ljzihfwwd,ESpfajzqdkcJh&m 1983 ckESpfwGif ody`H(owWaA')bJG@&cJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;t+yD;wGif ygwDpHkzJG@pnf;cGifh&onfhtcg 'Drkd ua&pDnD!Gwfa&;wyfOD;wGif wJGzuftwGif;a&;r–;/ wyfOD;zsufodrf;I 'D+idrf;ESifhaygif;+yD;aemufwGif 'Drdkua&pDESifh +idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@ A[dktwdkifyifcHaumfrwD0if/ ,if;aemuf 'D+idrf;rSxGufI trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfokd@0if a&mufcJhonf? OD;ausmf+idrf;.orD; a'gufwma':usifusif+idrf;ESifh 1982 ckESpf/ arv (1)&ufae@wGif vufxyf cJhonf? a'gufwmusifusif+idrf;onf jynfyodk@om;orD;(2)a,mufESifhtwl xGufcGmoGm;a&mufaexkdifcJh+yD;/ OD;jr0if;onf &efukefESifhykodrf+rdK@wkd@odk@ul;oef;+yD; ta&mif;t0,fvkyfudkifcJhonf? 1990 jy!fhESpf/ pufwifbm vESifhatmufwdkbmvrsm;twGif; rEWav;YjyKvkyfo!fh ,m,Dtpdk;&zGJ‹pnf;a&;vd_@0Suftpnf;ta0;rsm;odk‹ wufa&mufcJhojzifh 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (3)&ufae‹wGif w&m;cHajy;tjzpfa=unmcHcJh&+yD; (9)&uf ae‹wGiftzrf;cHcJh&onf? jypfr_qdkif&mOya' yk'fr 122 (1)jzifhw&m;pGJ+yD; axmif'%f(25)ESpfcsrSwfcHcJh&onf? jypfr_qkdif&mOya' yk'fr 122 (1) t&jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr 11 (n) jzifh+idpGef; ojzifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (12)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(985)jzifh a=unmcJhonf? v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfryS ,fzsuf+yD; aemifwGifjyKvkyf r!fha±G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkyg ydwfyifcJhonf? 49? t*Fyl+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? a'gufwmpef;atmif/ woD;yk*~v? a'gufwmpef;atmifonf t*Fyl+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif woD;yk*~vtjzpf 0ifa&muf,Sof+ydKif cJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(24581)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(52²68)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz t+idrf;pm; 'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;baX;/ trd a':cifwkwfwdk@rS 1955 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (5)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? pwkwˆ ajrmufom;jzpfonf? awmif}uD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? a'gufwmpef;atmifonf &efuif;tpdk;&txufwef; ausmif;trSwf(2)rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhI 1979 ckESpfwGif oGm;bufqdkif&maq;wuUodkvfrS q&m0efbGJ@&¶Sd cJhonf? 1982 ckESpfwGif oGm;bufqdkif&mq&m0ef(iykawmaq;¶Hk)/ 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdk ua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJh+yD;/ tvkyfrSE_wfxGufcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (21)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(913)jzifh ,if;onf rme,fyavm¶Sd jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;& tzGJ@ESifh qufoG,fcJhojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS ysufjy,fa=umif;a=unmcJhonf? trsdK; om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif {&m0wDwdkif; pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef,lxm;cJhaomfvnf; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyfrS ta&;ygonfhyk*~dKvfwOD;u rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@udk,fpm;jyKI t*Fyl+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) wGif 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKif&eftpDtpOf¶SdcJhojzifh woD;yk*~vtjzpf0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJhonf? a'gufwmpef;atmif tay: a¶G;aumufyGJwGif,SOf+ydKifbufjzpfol wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDrS udk,fpm;vS,favmif; OD;odef;xGef;rS a¶G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mwifoGif;cJhojzifh a¶G;aumufyGJcHktrSwf(1).=um;emppfaq;r_udkcHcJh& onf? 1991 ckESpf/ {+yDv (25)&ufae@wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygi;f tpdk;&tzGJ@ jyifqifwdk; csJ@zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg ynma&;ESifhusef;rma&;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;tjzpf wm0efay;cef@tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 2000 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (7)&ufae@wGif tdkif,mvefEdkifiH/ 'AŠvif+rdK@Y !Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@ jyefvnfjyifqif zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg 0ef}uD;csKyf¶Hk; 0ef}uD;(ta¶S@zufa'o/ xdkif;EdkifiH)tjzpf wm0efay;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 50? tdrfrJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)? - 306 -

OD;wifxGwf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;wifxGwfonf tdrfrJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(19441)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(64²46)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tdrfrJ+rdK@/ v,fay:&yfuGufZmwdjzpfonf? tz trsdK;om;ausmif;tkyfq&m}uD; OD;,Hkaumif;/ trd a':odef;jr wdk@rS 1934 ckESpf/ ZGefv (25)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? arG;csif;(8)OD;teuft}uD;qHk;om;jzpfonf? OD;wif xGwfonf 1935 ckESpfwGif tdrfrJ+rdK@/ trsdK;om;ausmif;Ypwifynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1939 ckESpfwGif ysOf;rem;+rdK@/ trsdK;om;ausmif;odk@ ajymif;a¶$@ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 'kwd,urBmppftwGif; tdrfrJ+rdK@/ uHvS bkef;}uD;ausmif; q&mawmfOD;a^;,sxHwGif avmukwW&mpmayrsm;avhvmoif=um;cJhonf? tm¶Svli,f tpnf;t¶Hk; uif;axmufvkviftzGJ@0iftjzpf yg0ifaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1945-46 ckESpftwGif; tfdrfrJ+rdK@e,f/ z-q-y-v tzGJ@csKyf. vGwfvyfa&;}udK;yrf;v_yf¶Sm;r_rsm;wGif wufºuGpGmyg0ifaqmif¶GufcJhonf? tdrfrJ+rdK@ e,f ausmif;om;or*~ twGif;a&;r–;tjzpf aqmif¶Guf+yD;/ jynfol@vrf;jyeH&Huyfpmapmif t,f'Dwmtjzpf aqmif¶Gufxkwfa0cJhonf? 1947 ckESpftwGif; ykodrf+rdK@/ vlrsdK;aygi;f pHk rGefu&iftxufwef;ausmif;Y ynm qufvufoif=um;onf? ,if;ausmif;Y ausmif;om;or*~twGif;a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJh+yD;/ ykodrfc¶dkif ausmif;om;or*~tr_aqmiftjzpf a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1948 ckESpfwGif tpdk;&A[dktxuf wef;ausmif;/ &efukefodk@ajymif;a¶$@+yD; ynmqufvufoif=um;cJhonf? ,if;ausmif;Y ausmif;om;or*~ pm=unfhwdkufrª;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1949 ckESpfwGif tr_xrf;aygif;pHkESifhausmif;om;oydwfwkdufyGJv_yf¶Sm; r_wGif &efukefc¶dkifausmif;om;or*~ESifhtwl a¶S@wef;rSyg0ifv_yf¶Sm;cJhonf? 1950 jynfhESpfwGif pdef*|ef;'dkiftdkpD pif a,musFm;av;txufwef;ausmif; wuUodkvf0ifoifwef;Y qufvufynmoif=um;cJhonf? pdef*|ef; a,musFm;av;txufwef;ausmif;/ ausmif;om;or*~ pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? &efukefc±dkif ausmif;om;or*~(&-u-o)jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;a&;twGuf &efukefc¶dkifausmif;om;or*~ pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD tvkyftr_aqmiftjzpfvnf;aumif;/ twGif;a&;r–;tjzpfvnf;aumif; yg0ifaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1951 ckESpf wGif wuUodkvf0ifpmar;yGJatmifjrifI ZD0aA'bmomwGJjzifh &efukefwuUodkvfwGif qufvufynmoif=um; cJhonf? 1951 ckESpfwGif ArmEdkifiHausmif;om;or*~rsm;tzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD/ pnf;¶Hk;a&;AsL±dk twGif; a&;r–;tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJh+yD;/ txufjrefrmjynfodk@pnf;¶Hk;a&;qif;cJhonf? &efukefwuUodkvfY ynmoif=um;pOf yg%aA'bmom&yftoif; twGif;a&;rª;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ yif;,aqmif o[m,ESifhpmzwftoif; tvkyf tr_aqmiftjzpfvnf;aumif; yg0ifaqmif¶GufcJhonf? &efukefwuUodkvf wdk;wufaomausmif;om;tiftm;pk zGJ@pnf;wnfaxmifolwOD;tjzpf wuUodkvfausmif;om;rsm; v_yf¶Sm;r_rsm;wGif a¶S@wef;rSacgif;aqmifyg0if aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1952-53 ckESpfwGif &efukefc¶dkifausmif;om;or*~ OuUX tjzpf a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif; cH&onf? 1953 ckESpfwGif &efukew f uUodkvf atmufwkdbmausmif;wvydwfa&;wdkufyGJwGif acgif;aqmifyg0ifcJh onf? &efukefwuUodkvfrS &moufyefausmif;xkwfjcif;cH&+yD;/ yk'fr (5) jzifhzrf;qD;I tif;pdefA[dktusOf; axmifwGif (1)ESpfcJGcef@zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1956-57 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfY ausmif;0ifcGifh jyefvnf&¶SdI Oypmody`Hwef;Y ynmqufvufoif=um;cJhonf? 1958-59 ckESpfwGif &efukefaq;aumvdyfY 'kwd, trfbDbDtuf(pf) t}uD;wef;txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? aq;aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;nD!Gwfa&; wyfOD;acgif;aqmiftjzpfvnf;aumif;/ vomaqmif o[m,ESifhpmzwftoif; twGif;a&;rª;tjzpfvnf; aumif;yg0ifaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1958 ckESpf/ =o*kwfvwGifusif;yaom ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJwGif aq; aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfwufa&mufcJhonf? 1958 ckESpfrS 1962 ckESpftxd ausmif;om; v_yf¶Sm;r_rsm;/ urBmh+idrf;csrf;a&;v_yf¶Sm;r_rsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1961 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvf 0dZ…mtydkif;(u) oifwef;odk@ ajymif;a¶$@oif=um;cJhonf? 1963 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…mbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1962-63 ckESpf wGif &efukefwuUodkvf r*~Zif;aumfrwD twGif;a&;rª;tjzpf a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1964 ckESpfrS - 307 -

1985 ckESpftxd ynma&;Xme vli,fha&;&mXmecGJwGif ynm-pDrH-okaw Xmepdwfrª;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ wuUodkvfrsm;tkyfcsKyfa&;¶Hk; wuUodkvfrsm;A[dk&duQmXmerª;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ usef;rma&;0ef}uD;Xme/ aq;ynmOD;pD;XmetkyfcsKyfr_atmuf¶Sd oGm;bufqdkif&maq;wuUodkvfY armfuGef;xdef;tqifh(2)tjzpf vnf;aumif;/ aq;wuUodkvf(1)Y armfuGef;xdef;tqifh(1)tjzpfvnf;aumif; tr_xrf;cJhonf? 1964 ckESpf wGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvrf;pOfygwD vli,fa&;&mc±dkifpnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;/ awZvli,fpmapmif t,f'DwmtzGJ@0if/ 1966 ckESpfwGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD A[dkvli,f ynmpDrHokawoer–;/ ygwDXmecsKyf vlxka&;&mXme ygwD 0efxrf;(Xmepdwfr–;)/ 1975-76 ckESpfwGif vom+rdK@e,ftvkyform;aumifpD 'kwd,OuUX(1)/ 1973 ckESpfwGif jynfvHk;u|wfqENcH,lyGJusif;ya&;ESifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif vom+rdK@e,f tzJG@0ifESifh OuUX/ 1981 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (4)&ufae@wGif EkdifiHawmfaumifpD trdef@trSwf (2§81)jzifh EkdifiH*k%f&nf('kwd,qifh) csD;jr‡ifhcH&onf? 1985 ckESpfwGif jynfol0efxrf;wHqdyfcsD;jr‡ifhcH&onf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@ 'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif ppf+yD;acwfESifh vGwfvyfa&;acwf ausmif;om;or*~tzJG@0ifa[mif;rsm;ESifh twl yg0ifv_yf&Sm;cJhonf? ¶Spfav;vHk;wGif trsdK;om;'[email protected];aqmifr_udkcH,lv_yf&Sm;cJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pwifxlaxmifpOfuyif A[dkXmecsKyf ¶Hk;tzGJ@wGif yg0ifaqmif¶GufcJhonf? trsdK; om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[kdOD;pD;tzJG@0if/ wkdif;pnf;tzJG@0ifwm0efwkd@,lcJhonf? OD;wifxGwfonf trsdK;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. *ENDqHk;jzwfcsuftwdkif; e0wu v$wfawmfac:ray;vsif aqmif&Gufzdk@vkdonfhenf;vrf; oHk;oG,fpmwrf;ðypk&mwGif twGif;ususyg0ifcJhojzifh oufqkdif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ,if; aemuf OD;wifxGwfonf 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (u) (c) (n) t& jypfr_xif&Sm; pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyJGOya' yk'fr 11 (n) ESihf+idpGef;ojzihf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,f zsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (20)&uf ae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(987)jzifha=unmcJhonf? aemif(10)ESpftwGif;jyKvkyfrnfh a¶G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if ,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf;ydwfyifcJhonf? 51? tdrfrJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? OD;jrifharmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? OD;jrifharmifonf tdrfrJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(20054)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(65²17)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1937 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (13)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;armifwif.om;jzpfonf? OD;jrifharmifonf jyify0dZ…m yxrESpfatmifjrifcJhonf? 1985 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd aiGpm&if;rif;}uD;±Hk;wGif atmufweff;pma&;/ xkd@aemuf pm&if;ppfr–;/ 1989 ckESpf/ arv (2)&ufae@wGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? tdrfrJ+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? vGwfajrmufe,fajrrme,fyavmpcef;okd@oGm;a&muf+yD; aomif;usef;olrsm;ESifhyl;aygif;vsuf&Sda=umif; ppfaq;ay:aygufojzifh 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_ tufOya' yk'fr 5 (u)(c)(n)/ jypfr_qdkif&musifhxHk;Oya' yk'fr(512)t& A[ef;+rdK@e,fw&m;±Hk;wGif w&m;pGJqkdxm;+yD;/ w&m;cHajy;tjzpfa=unmxm;onfhtjyif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ {+yDv (30)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ {+yDv (25)&ufae@wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@ jyifqifwdk;csJ@zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg v,f ,mESifhopfawm0ef}uD;Xme/ obm0ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;tjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh& onf? 1994 ckESpf/ rwfv (26)&ufae@wGif xdkif;EdkifiH/ befaumuf+rdK@¶Sd jrefrmoH¶Hk;odk@oGm;a&muftzrf;cHcJh+yD; e-0-w xHtnHhcHcJhonf?

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ygwD

rSwfcsuf

trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf woD;yk*~v woD;yk*~v tzGJ@csKyf uG,fvGef tzGJ@csKyf uG,fvGef tzGJ@csKyf jynfwGif;jyef0if tzGJ@csKyf jynfwGif;jyef0if tzGJ@csKyf jynfwGif;jyef0if tzGJ@csKyf jynfwGif;jyef0if tzGJ@csKyf jynfwGif;jyef0if tzGJ@csKyf jynfwGif;jyef0if tzGJ@csKyf jynfwGif;jyef0if tzGJ@csKyf jynfwGif;jyef0if trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf woD;yk*~v trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf vm;[ltrsdK;om;zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&; ygwD u,ef;trsdK;om;rsm;pnf;vHk; nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

31? 32? 33? 34?

a'gufwmaX;odef; OD;xefv#ef;aygif OD;cifausmf[ef pdkif;0if;az

oeyfyif (2) wGef;ZH a&eHacsmif; (2) rdkif;¶SL;

yJc;l wdkif; csif;jynfe,f rauG;wdkif; ¶Srf;jynfe,f

35? 36? 37? 38? 39? 40?

Edkifaomif;¶Sdef OD;wifxGwf 'l0gaZmfatmif a':pef;pef; OD;ausmfoGif a'gufwmrsdK;0if;

aumhu&dwf (2) tdrfrJ (1) 0dkif;armf qdyfurf; c&rf; (1) u0 (1)

u&ifjynfe,f {&m0wDwkdif; ucsifjynfe,f &efukefwdkif; &efukefwdkif; yJcl;wdkif;

trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&uf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf ¶Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

ÙÙÙÙÙ tusOf;axmifrsm;wGif xdef;odrf;cHae&qJ jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;? pOf?

trnf

jynfe,f§wdkif; rJqENe,f

(1) (2)

OD;tkef;}udKif a'gufwm aZmfjrifharmif OD;pdefvSOD; OD;cifarmifaqG OD;ausmfcif a'gufwm oef;+idrf; a'gufwm ar0if;jrifh OD;tkef;armif OD;wdk;ydk OD;pdk;jrifh OD;ausmfqef; OD;a,mpD OD;Edkif;Edkif; OD;atmifpdk;jrifh

rEWav;wdkif;

ta¶S@awmif(2) 7-9-1990

awmifil

(7)ESpf

rEWav;wdkif; &efukefwdkif; &efukefwdkif; ¶Srf;jynfe,f

tr&yl&(1) tif;pdef(2) prf;acsmif; awmif}uD;(1)

jrpf}uD;em; jrpf}uD;em; jrpf}uD;em; o&uf

(37)ESpf (7)ESpf (7)ESpf (10)ESpf

&efukefwdkif;

ausmufwef;(1) 28-10-97

tif;pdef

(7)ESpf

&efukefwdkif; yJcl;wdkif; weoFm&Dwdkif; rauG;wdkif; ppfudkif;wdkif; ucsifjynfe,f &efukefwdkif; yJcl;wdkif;

r&rf;ukef;(2) 28-10-97 anmifav;yif(1) 28-4-1998 a&jzL 9-6-1998 rif;bl;(1) 9-9-1998 wef@qnf(1) 6-9-1998 ylwmtdk 2-10-1998 ykZGefawmif 13-9-2000 awmifil(1) 31-8-2003

tif;pdef tif;pdef tif;pdef tif;pdef tif;pdef jrpf}uD;em; tif;pdef o&uf

(7)ESpf (7)ESpf (7)ESpf (28)ESpf (7)ESpf (5)ESpf (21)ESpf (7)ESpf

(3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14)

zrf;qD;xdef;odrf; tusOf;axmif jypf'%f cH&onfhae@

Ekd0ifbm/ 90 4-7-1994 5-8-1994 6-3-1996

rSwfcsuf? ? ¶Srf;jynfe,f/ vm;¶_d;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)rS OD;oef;aX;tm; 11-8-2004 &ufae@wGif om;jzpfol udkoef;xGef;OD;ESifh wljzpfolwdk@ESifhtwl w&m;r0ifypPnf;vufcHa&mif;0,fr_jzifh zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;

- 310 -

xm;cJhonf? {&m0wDwdkif;/ ajrmif;jr+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)rS OD;atmif=uiftm; 2004 ckESpf/ =o*kwfvxJ wGif w&m;r0ifAD'D,dkacGrsm; vuf0,fawG@¶Sdr_jzifh tm%mydkifrsm;rS zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;cJhonf? ÙÙÙÙÙ ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifOya' (EkdfifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ Oya'trSwf 1§88) 1350 jynfhESpf/ awmfovif;vqef; 11 &uf 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv 21 &uf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmfwGif ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk atmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdfif &ef EkdfifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf atmufygOya'udkjyÏmef;vkdufonf? tcef; (1) trnf 1?

TOya'ukd ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifOya'[kac:wGifap&rnf? tcef; (2) zGJ@pnf;jcif;

2? 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (18)&ufae@pGJyg EkdfifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzJG@ a=unm csuftrSwf (1§88) tykd'f (2)wGif &nf!Gef;xm;aom ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&; aumfr&Sifukd qufvufwm0efay;tyfonf? 3? EkdfifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&; aumfr&SifwGif tzGJ@0ifOD;a&wkd;jcif;/ vpfvyfonfhae&mwGif tpm;xkd;jcif;wdk@ukdaqmif&GufEkdifonf? tcef; (3) wm0efESifhvkyfydkifcGifhrsm; 4? ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif. wm0efESifhvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;rSm atmufyg twkdif;jzpfonf -

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(u) vGwfvyfI w&m;r#waomygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk atmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdif a&;twGufaqmif&Gufjcif;/ (c) vkdtyfaom Oya'rsm;ukda&;qGJI EkdfifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u jyÏmef;ay;a&; twGufwifjyjcif;/ (*) vkdtyfaom enf;Oy'rsm;/ vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;/ trdef@rsm;/ !Gef=um;csufrsm;udk a&;qGJIxkwf jyefjcif;/ (C) ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;udk zGJ@pnf;jcif;/ (i) ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SiEf Sifh aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;twGuf vkdtyfaom&kH; 0efxrf;rsm;cef@tyfjcif;/ 0efxrf;a&;&m udpP&yfrsm;udkpDrHcef@cGJjcif;/ pDrHcef@cGJapjcif;/ (p) vGwfvyfI w&m;r#waomygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJatmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdif&efvkd tyfonfhtpDtpOfrsm;ðyvkyfjcif;/ vkdtyfonfrsm;udkaqmif&Gufjcif;/ vkdtyfonfhtultnDrsm; ukdawmif;cH&,ljcif;? tcef; (4) taxGaxG 5? ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifEiS fh aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;. ukefusp&dwfrsm;/ a&G; aumufyGJusif;ya&;twGufukefusp&dwfrsm;ukd EkdifiHawmf.b¾maiGrS uscH&rnf? 6? jynfol@v$wfawmfESifhjynfol@aumifpDtqifhqifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifOya' (1976 ckESpf/ jynfol@v$wfawmfOya' trSwf - 5) udk TOya'jzifh &kyfodrf;vkdfufonf?

(yHk) apmarmif AdkvfcsKyf}uD; OuUX EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ ÙÙÙÙÙ

EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfykHwifjcif;Oya' (EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJŒ Oya'trSwf 4§88 ) 1350 jynfhESpf/ awmfovif;vjynfhausmf (2)&uf? 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (27)&uf? - 312 -

ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk atmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdif&ef aqmufa&;tzGJŒonf atmufygOya'udkjyÏmef;vkdufonf?

EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnf

tcef;(1) trnfESifht"dy`g,fazmfjycsuf 1? 2?

TOya'udk EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfykHwifjcif;Oya'[k ac:wGifap&rnf? TOya'wGifyg&Sdaom atmufygpum;&yfrsm;onf azmfjyygtwkdif; t"dy`g,foufa&mufap&rnf? (u) EkdifiHa&;ygwDqdkonfrSm ppfrSefaomygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDudkvufcHusifhokH;aomtzGJŒtpnf;udkqkdonf? (c) a&G;aumufyGJqkdonfrSm ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudkqkdonf? (*) aumfr&SifqkdonfrSm ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sifudkqkdonf? tcef;(2) EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfykHwifjcif;

3? a&G;aumufyGJY0ifa&muf,SOfòydifvkdaom EkdifiHa&;ygwDtoD;oD;onf owfrSwfxm;aomenf;vrf; rsm;ESifhtnDrSwfykHwif&ef aumfr&Sifodk@av#mufxm;&rnf? odk@&mwGif atmufygtzGJŒtpnf;w&yf&yfonf rSwfykHwif&ef av#mufxm;cGifhr&Sdap&? (u) wnfqJOya'w&yf&yft& rw&m;toif;tjzpfa=unmjcif;cH&aomtzGJŒtpnf;? (c) EkdifiHawmftm; vufeufpGJudkifI awmfvSefykefuefaeaom aomif;usefoltzGJŒtpnf;? (*) EkdifiHawmfydkifaiGa=u;/ taqmufttkH/ ,mOf/ ypPnf;wkd@udk wkduf±kdufjzpfap/ oG,f0dkufaomenf; jzifhjzpfap &,lokH;pGJonfhtzGJ@tpnf;? (C) EkdifiHjcm;wkdif;jynfwckck. tpdk;& odk@r[kwf bmoma&;tzGJŒtpnf; odk@r[kwf tjcm;tzGJŒtpnf; wck ckrS aiGa=u;/ ypPnf;/ tjcm;taxmuftyHhudk wkduf±kdufjzpfap/ oG,f0dkufaomenf;jzifhjzpfap &,l okH;pGJonfh tzGJ@tpnf;? (i) bmoma&;udk EkdifiHa&;udpPtwGuf tvGJokH;pm;ðyaomtzGJ@tpnf;? (p) jynfolŒwyfrawmf/ jynfolŒ&JwyfzGJŒpaom umuG,fa&;wyfzGJŒ0ifrsm;/ jynfolŒ0efxrf;tzGJ@tpnf; toD;oD;/ EkdifiHydkifpD;yGm;a&;/ bkwf/ aumfydka&;&Si;f / tzGJŒtpnf;toD;oD;rS0efxrf;rsm;ESihf EkdifiHawmf b¾maiGrSvpmcHpm;=uaom 0efxrf;rsm;yg0ifonfhtzGJ@tpnf;? 4? rnfonfhEkdifiHa&;ygwDrqkd ,SOfòydifcGifh&Sdonf?

TOya't&rSwfykHwifcGifh&&Sd+yD;rSomv#if tcef;(3) aumfr&Sif. vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;

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a&G;aumufyGJwGif0ifa&muf

5? EkdifiHa&;ygwDwckurSwfykHwifay;&efav#mufxm;onfhtcg owfrSwfxm;aomenf;vrf;rsm;ESihftnD ppfaq;+yD;aemuf aumfr&Sifonf ² ² ² (u) rSwfykHwifcGihfðyEkdifonf? odk@r[kwf (c) rSwfykHwifcGifhðy&ef jiif;qkdEkdifonf// 6? a&G;aumufyGJusif;yjcif;rðyrD rSwfykHwifcGifh&&Sd+yD;aomEkdifiHa&;ygwDwckonf yk'fr 3/ yk'frcGJ (u)(c)(*) (C) odk@r[kwf (i)wGif azmfjyxm;onfhtzGJŒtpnf;w&yfjzpfa=umif; aumfr&SifuawG@&Sdv#if rSwfykHwifcGifhðycJh jcif;udk y,fzsuf&rnf? 7? a&G;aumufyGJusif;yjcif;rðyrD rSwfykHwifcGifh&&Sd+yD;aomEdkifiHa&;ygwDwckonf yk'fr 3/ yk'frcGJ (p) wGif azmfjyxm;onfh tzGJŒtpnf;w&yfjzpfa=umif;aumfr&SifuawGŒ&Sdv#if ,if;tzGJŒtpnf;wGifyg0ifonfhoufqkdif &myk*~dKvfrsm;tm; ygwD0iftjzpfrSE_wfxGufap&ef aumfr&Sifu oufqkdif&mEkdifiHa&;ygwDESihf oufqkdif&m 0efxrf;tzGJŒtpnf;tm; ta=umif;=um;&rnf? 8?

yk'fr (5)/ (6) odk@r[kwf (7) t& aumfr&Sif.qkH;jzwfcsufonf t+yD;tjywfjzpfonf? tcef;(4) taxGaxG

9/ aumfr&Sifonf TOya'ygjyÏmef;csufrsm;udk aqmif&Guf&efvkdtyfaom enf;Oya'rsm;/ vkyfxkH;vkyf enf;rsm;/ trdef@rsm;/ !¸ef=um;csufrsm;udk xkwfjyefEkdifonf? ÙÙÙÙÙ toif;tzGJ@rsm; zGJ@pnf;jcif;qdkif&m Oya' (EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ Oya' trSwf 6§88) 1350 jynfhESpf/ awmfovif;vjynfhausmf 5 &uf 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv 30 &uf EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf atmufygOya'udk jyXmef;vdkufonf? tcef; (1) trnfESifht"dy`m,fazmfjycsuf 1?

TOya'udk toif;tzGJ@rsm; zGJ@pnf;jcif;qdkif&m Oya'[k ac:wGifap&rnf?

- 314 -

2?

TOya'wGifyg¶Sdaomatmufygpum;&yfrsm;onf azmfjyygtwdkif;t"dy`m,foufa&mufap&rnf ² ² ² (u) toif;tzGJ@ qdkonfrSm trnfoD;jcm;¶Sdonfjzpfap/ r¶Sdonfjzpfap &nf¶G,fcsufwpfckcktwGuf odk@r[kwf vkyfief;pOf wpfckcktwGuf vltrsm;pkaygif;zGJ@pnf;xm;aom toif;tzGJ@/ tpnf;t¶Hk;/ or*~/ ygwD/ aumfrwD/ tzGJ@csKyf/ toif;pk/ wyfOD;/ uvyfESifh tvm;wl toif;tzGJ@udk qdkonf? (c) EdkifiHa&; toif;tzGJ@ qdkonfrSm EdkifiHa&;t,l0g' wpfckcktay:wGif tajccHI EdkifiHa&;pnf;¶Hk; v_yf¶Sm;r_udk wpfenf;enf;jyKaom toif;tzGJ@udk qdkonf? tcef; (2) zGJ@pnf;cGifh&¶Sd&ef av#mufxm;jcif;

3?

(u) toif;tzGJ@rsm;onf zGJ@pnf;cGifh&¶Sd&ef jynfxJa&;ESifhomoema&;0ef}uD;Xmeodk@ owfrSwf xm;aom enf;vrf;twdkif; av#mufxm;&rnf/ (c) zGJ@pnf;+yD;aom toif;tzGJ@onf TOya' jyXmef;aomae@&ufrS &ufaygif;oHk;q,ftwGif; av#mufxm;&rnf/ (*) cGifhjyKcsufr&aom toif;tzGJ@udk zGJ@pnf;jcif; odk@r[kwf qufvuf&yfwnf v_yf¶Sm;jcif; rjyK&?

4?

atmufyg toif;tzGJ@rsm;onf TOya't& zGJ@pnf;cGifh av#mufxm;&efrvdk ² ² ² (u) 1964 ckESpf/ trsdK;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;udk umuG,fonfh Oya't& jynfxJa&;ESifh omoem a&;0ef}uD;XmewGif rSwfyHkwifxm;+yD;jzpfI ,if;rSwfyHkwif wnfv#uf¶Sdaom toif;tzGJ@/ (c) bmom/ omoema&;oufoufudkom usifhoHk;aqmif¶Gufaom toif;tzGJ@/ (*) pD;yGm;a&;oufoufudkom vkyfudkifaqmif¶Gufaom toif;tzGJ@/ (C) wnfqJ Oya'wpf&yf&yft& rSwfyHkwifxm;aom toif;tzGJ@/ (i) EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; rSwfyHkwifjcif; Oya't& ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxG a¶G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&; aumfr¶SifrS rSwfyHkwifcGifh&¶Sd+yD;aom odk@r[kwf ,if;aumfr¶Sifodk@ rSwfyHkwif&ef av#mufxm;+yD; odk@r [kwf av#mufxm;&ef jyifqifv#uf¶Sda=umif; wifjy+yD;jzpfaom EdkifiHa&;ygwD toif;tzGJ@? tcef; (3) zGJ@pnf;cGifhr¶Sdaom toif;tzGJ@rsm;

atmufyg toif;tzGJ@rsm;udk zGJ@pnf;jcif;rjyK&/ zGJ@pnf;xm;+yD;jzpfv#ifvnf; v_yf¶Sm;jcif;rjyK&/ quf vufwnf¶SdcGifh r¶Sdap& ² ² ² (u) 1988 ckESpf/ EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; rSwfyHkwifjcif;Oya't& rSwfyHkwifcGifhr&aom toif;tzGJ@/ rSwfyHk wifcGifh&aomfvnf; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr¶Sifu rSwfyHkwifjcif; udk y,fzsufjcif;cH&aom toif;tzGJ@/ (c) w&m;Oya' pdk;rdk;a&;/ e,fajrat;csrf;om,ma&;udk jzpfap/ vrf;yef;qufoG,fr_ vHk+cHKacsmarG@ apa&;udkjzpfap wpfenf;enf;tm;jzifh xdcdkufap&ef tm;xkwfaom/ vH_@aqmfaom/ wdkufwGef;tm; ay;aom/ ulnDaom/ jyKvkyfaom toif;tzGJ@/ (*) EdkifiHawmftkyfcsKyfa&;,EW&m;¶Sd jynfol@wyfrawmf/ jynfol@&JwyfzGJ@paom umuG,fa&;wyfzGJ@0if rsm;/ jynfol@0efxrf; tzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;/ EdkifiHydkifpD;yGm;a&; bkwf/ aumfydka&;¶Sif;ESifh tzGJ@tpnf; - 315 -

toD;oD;rS 0efxrf;rsm; odk@r[kwf EdkifiHawmfb¾maiGrS vpm&,l=uaom 0efxrf;wpfOD;OD; odk@r [kwf 0efxrf;rsm;yg0ifzGJ@pnf;xm;+yD; EdkifiHa&;toif;tzGJ@wpfckck. =oZmcH,laom odk@r[kwf EdkifiH a&; toif;tzGJ@ wpfckckESifh qufoG,faom toif;tzGJ@? tcef; (4) jypf'%frsm; 6? rnfolrqdk yk'fr 3/ yk'frcGJ (*) udkjzpfap/ yk'fr 5 udkjzpfap azmufzsufusL;vGefa=umif; jypfr_xif¶Sm; pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if axmif'%f ig;ESpfxd uscHap&rnf? 7? rnfolrqdk yk'fr 3/ yk'frcGJ (*) t& zGJ@pnf;cGifhudk jzpfap/ qufvuf&yfwnfcGifhudk jzpfap r&aom toif;tzGJ@ odk@r[kwf yk'fr 3 t& zGJ@pnf;cGifhr¶Sdaom toif;tzGJ@ wpfckckwGif yg0ifa=umif;/ toif;tzGJ@udk tm;ay;ulnDa=umif;/ odk@r[kwf xdktoif;tzGJ@ taqmifta,mifudk toHk;jyKa=umif; jypfr_xif¶Sm; pD&ifjcif; cH&v#if axmif'%f oHk;ESpfxd uscHap&rnf? tcef; (5) taxGaxG 8? jynfxJa&;ESifh omoema&;0ef}uD;Xmeonf TOya't& rSwfyHkwifcGifhjyKxm;aom toif;tzGJ@ taejzifh rSwfyHkwifcGifhjyKpOf azmfjycJhaom &nf¶G,fcsufESifh vkyfief;pOfudk ajymif;vJI v_yf¶Sm;a=umif; pdppfawG@ ¶Sdv#if xdktoif;tzGJ@. rSwfyHkwifxm;jcif;udk y,fzsufEdkifonf? 9? jynfxJa&;ESifh omoema&;0ef}uD;Xmeonf vdktyfaom enf;Oya'rsm;/ trdef@rsm;/ !¸ef=um;csuf rsm;/ vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;udk xkwfjyefEdkifonf? toif;tzGJ@rsm; zGJ@pnf;jcif;qdkif&mOya' jyXmef;jcif;ESifh pyfvsOf;I¶Sif;vif;csuf EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf jynfolwpf&yfvHk; vdkvm;awmifhw awmif;qdk v#uf¶Sdaom ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJwGif ppfrSefaom ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDudk vufcHusifhoHk;aom EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;taejzifh owfrSwfxm;aom enf;vrf;rsm;ESifhtnD vGwfvyfpGm zGJ@pnf;v_yf¶Sm; yg0if,SOf+ydKif Edkif&ef &nf¶G,fcsufjzifh 1964 ckESpf/ trsdK;om; pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;udk umuG,fonfhOya'udk y,fzsufcJhyg onf? xdk@jyif EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJwGif ppfrSefaomygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDudk vufcHusifhoHk;aomEdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;taejzifh pepfwus vGwfvyfpGm 0ifa&muf ,SOf+ydKifEdkifa&;twGuf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶Sif Oya' udkvnf;aumif;/ Edkif iHa&;ygwDrsm; rSwfyHkwifjcif; Oya'udkvnf;aumif;/ jyXmef;cJhygonf?

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,cktcg 'Drdkua&pD.tESpfom&udk trSefwu,fjrwfEdk;pGmjzifh ppfrSefaom ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDudk vufcHusifhoHk;aom EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzG@J tpnf;rsm; zGJ@pnf;vmonfrsm; ¶SdouJhodk@ 'Drdkua&pDudk[efjy+yD; r¶dk;om;aomoabm/ rormaom&nf¶G,fcsufwdk@jzifh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;udk taESmifht,Suf t[ef@twm; tEW&m,fjzpfaprnfh toif;tzGJ@rsm; zGJ@pnf;xm;a=umif;/ zGJ@pnf;&ef jyifqif v#uf¶Sdaea=umif; od¶Sd&ygonf? xdkuJhodk@ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;udk taESmifht,Suf t[ef@twm; tEW&m,fjzpfaprnfh toif;tzGJ@rsm;udk cGifhjyKxm;ygu w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;ESifh e,fajrat;csrf;om,ma&;/ EdkifiHawmf tkyfcsKyfa&;,EW&m; yHkrSefvma&;wdk@udk xdcdkufvmEdkifrnfjzpfygonf? xdk@jyif &[ef;¶Sifvl jynfolrsm; ESifh 0efxrf;rsm;t=um; pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfr_ ysufjym;jcif;/ pdwf0rf;uGJjym;jcif;/ pnf;urf;azmufzsufjcif;rsm; jzpf vmEdkifzG,f&m ta=umif;¶Sdygonf? xdk@a=umifh EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf toif;tzGJ@rsm; zGJ@pnf;jcif;qdkif&mOya' udk jyXmef;&jcif; jzpfygonf? ÙÙÙÙÙ jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya' (EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ Oya'trSwf 14§98) 1351 ckESpf/ uqkefvjy!fhausmf 12 &uf (1989 ckESpf/ arv 31 &uf) vGwfvyfI w&m;r#waom ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;yI jynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udka¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufEdkif&ef EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf atmufyg Oya'udkjyXmef;vdkufonf? tcef; (1) trnfESifht"dy`m,fazmfjycsuf 1?

TOya'udk jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya'[k ac:wGifap&rnf?

2?

TOya'wGifyg¶Sdaomatmufygpum;&yfrsm;onf azmfjyygtwdkif;t"dy`m,foufa&mufap&rnf ² ² ² (u) v$wfawmf qdkonfrSm jynfol@v$wfawmfudk qdkonf/ (c) aumfr¶Sif qdkonfrSm ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶Sifudk qdk onf/ (*) aumfr¶SiftzGJ@cGJ qdkonfrSm aumfr¶SifuzGJ@pnf;ay;aom jynfe,f/ wdkif; odk@r[kwf òrd@e,fpk odk@r[kwf òrd@e,f odk@r[kwf &yfuGuf odk@r[kwf aus;¶Gmtkyfpk aumfr¶SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;udk qdkonf? xdkpum;&yfwGif òrd@e,fpkaumfr¶SiftzGJ@cGJtjzpfaqmif¶Guf&ef aumfr¶Sifu jynfe,f odk@r[kwf wdkif; aumfr¶SiftzGJ@cGJ0ifrsm;jzifh zGJ@pnf;ay;aom aumfr¶SiftzGJ@cGJvnf; yg0ifonf? - 317 -

(C) a¶G;aumufyGJ qdkonfrSm ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJudk qdkonf? (i) rJqENe,f qdkonfrSm v$wfawmfrq J ENe,fudk qdkonf/ (p) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f qdkonfrSm v$wfawmfodk@a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&oludk qdk onf? (q) omoemh0efxrf; qdkonfrSm atmufygyk*~dKvfrsm;udk qdkonf ² ² ² (1) Ak'
rJqENe,frsm;owfrSwfjcif; 4? v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk a¶G;aumufwifajr‡muf&ef rJqENe,frsm;onf aemufqufwGJ Z,m;wGifowfrSwfxm;onfhtwdkif; jzpfonf? odk@&mwGif a&G;aumufyGJusif;yr!hfae@&ufudk a=unmjcif; rðyrD tpdk;&tzGJ@u òrd@e,fwòrd@e,ftwGif;&Sde,fajrtcsdK@udkjzpfap/ eD;pyf&mòrd@e,frsm;twGif;&Sd e,fajrrsm; udkaygif;pyfIjzpfap òrd@e,fwòrd@e,ftjzpf topfowfrSwfzGJ@pnf;v#if rlvòrd@e,fwGifvnf;aumif;/ topf owfrSwfzGJ@pnf;o!fh òrd@e,fwGifvnf;aumif; rJqENe,ftenf;qkH;we,f&&Sdap&ef aemufqufwGJZ,m; yg rJqENe,fta&twGufxufausmfvGefapumrl aumfr&Sifu oifhavsmfovkd owfrSwfay;Ekdifonf? 5? rJqENe,fwe,fwGif v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fwOD;pD a&G;aumufwifajr‡muf&rnf? tcef; (4) qENrJay;ydkifcGifh¶Sdolrsm; 6? atmufygt&nftcsif;rsm;ESifhjynfhpHkolrsm;onf trsdK;om;/ trsdK;orD;ra¶G;/ bmomra¶G; a¶G;aumufyGJwGif qENrJay;ydkifcGifh¶Sdonf? (u) a¶G;aumufyGJpwifusif;yonfhae@wGif touf(18)ESpfjynfh+yD;/ TOya'yg jyXmef;csufrsm; ESifhrqef@usifaom EdkifiHom;/ {nfhEdkifiHom;ESifh EdkifiHom;ðycGifh&olrsm;? (c) oufqdkif&mrJqENe,f. rJpm&if;wGif yg0ifolrsm;? 7?

atmufygyk*~dKvfrsm;onf a¶G;aumufyGJwGif qENrJay;ydkifcGifhr¶Sdap& ² ² ² (u) omoemh0efxrf;rsm;? (c) pdwfayghoGyfaeonf[k oufqdkif&mOya'u jyXmef;xm;onfhtwdkif; owfrSwfjcif;cH&ol rsm;? (*) jypfr_wckcka=umifh w&m;¶Hk;.trdef@/ pD&ifcsuft& axmif'%fuscHae&olrsm;? (C) EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;? tcef; (5) a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHydkifcGifh¶Sdolrsm;

8? atmufygt&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh jynfhpHkonfh EdkifiHom;rsm;onf trsdK;om;/ trsdK;orD;ra¶G;/ bmomra¶G;/ a¶G;aumufyGJwGif a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHydkifcGifh¶Sdonf? (u) a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHEdkifa&;twGuf trnfpm&if;wifoGif;v$m wifoGif;csdefwGif ² ² ² (1) touf(21)ESpfjynfh+yD;/ TOya'yg jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef@usifolrsm;? (2) rdbESpfyg;vHk; EdkifiHom;jzpf+yD;olrsm;/ odk@r[kwf rdbESpfyg;vHk; uG,fvGef+yD;apumrl/ ,if; wdk@ touf¶Sifv#uf¶Sdygu/ 1948 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHom;jzpfr_ tufOya't& EdkifiHom;tvdktav#mufjzpfcGifh¶Sdolrsm;/ odk@r[kwf rdbESpfyg;uG,fvGefcsdefwGif ,if;rdb ESpfyg;vHk; EdkifiHom;jzpf+yD;olrsm;/ odk@r[kwf rdbwyg;onf wdkif;&if;om;jzpfI usefrdbwyg;

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onf jrefrmEdkifiHom;Oya'jyXmef;jcif;rðyrD uG,fvGefjcif;jzpfv#if ,if;odk@uG,fvGefcsdefwGif EdkifiHom;tjzpf av#mufxm;&,lcGifh¶Sdolrsm;? (c) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; aexdkifolrsm;? (*) rJpm&if;wGif yg0ifolrsm;? 9? a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufydkifcGifh¶SdolwOD;onf woD;yk*~vtjzpfjzifhjzpfap/ EdkifiHa&;ygwDwck. ygwD 0iftjzpfjzifhjzpfap/ a¶G;aumufyGJwGif 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcGifh¶Sdonf? 10?

atmufygyk*~dKvfrsm;onf a¶G;aumufyGJwGif a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufydkifcGifh r¶Sdap& ² ² ² (u) omoemh0efxrf;rsm;? (c) pdwfayghoGyfaeonf[k oufqdkif&mOya'u jyXmef;xm;onfhtwkdif; owfrSwfcH&olrsm;? (*) jypfr_wckcka=umifh w&m;¶Hk;.trdef@/ pD&ifcsuft& axmif'%fuscHae&olrsm;? (C) yk'fr 8/ yk'frcGJ(u)/ yk'frcGJi,f(2)yg rdbrsm;rS arG;zGm;jcif;r[kwfaom EdkifiHom;rsm;? (i) EdkifiHjcm;tpdk;&. aus;Zl;opPmawmfudk cH,lapmifha¶Smuf¶dkaoolrsm;/ odk@r[kwf EdkifiHjcm; tpdk;&. vufatmufcHjzpfolrsm;/ odk@r[kwf xdktpdk;&. EdkifiHom;jzpfolrsm;/ odk@r[kwf xdktpdk; &. vufatmufcHjzpfolaomfvnf;aumif;/ EdkifiHom;aomfvnf;aumif;/ cHpm;&aom tcGifh ta&;rsm;ESifh aus;Zl;cHpm;cGifhrsm;udk cHpm;EdkifcGifh¶Sdolrsm;? (p) {nfhEdkifiHom;/ EdkifiHom;ðycGifh&olESifh EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;? (q) wnfqJOya' w&yf&yft& rw&m;toif;tjzpf a=unmjcif;cH&aom tzGJ@tpnf;0ifrsm;? (Z) EdkifiHawmftm; vufeufpGJudkifI awmfvSefykefuefaeaom aomif;usef;oltzGJ@tpnf;0if rsm;/ awmfvSefykefuef&ef ,if;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;/ odk@r[kwf tzGJ@tpnf;0ifrsm;ESifh qufoG,f a=umif; cdkifvHkaomtaxmuftxm;¶Sdo!fhyk*~dKvfrsm;? (ps) EdkifiHawmfydkifaiGa=u;/ taqmufttHk/ ,mOf/ ypPnf;wdk@udk wdkuf¶dkufjzpfap/ oG,f0dkufaom enf;jzifhjzpfap/ &,loHk;pGJonfhyk*~dKvf/ odk@r[kwf tzGJ@tpnf;0ifrsm;? ¹cGif;csuf? (1) EdkifiHawmfydkifaiGa=u;[laompum;&yfwGif t+idrf;pm;vpmaiGa=u;aomfvnf; aumif;/ EdkifiHawmftusdK;twGufaqmif¶GufcJhojzifh EdkifiHawmfuw&m;0ifaxmufyHhcsD;jr‡ifhxm; aom aiGa=u;aomfvnf;aumif; ryg0if? (2) EdkifiHawmfydkif taqmufttHk/ ,mOf/ ypPnf;[laompum;&yfwGif EdkifiHawmfu Oya'w&yf&yft& oHk;pGJcGifhðyxm;aom odk@r[kwf EdkifiHawmfxHrS tca=u;aiGjzifhiSm;&rf;aexdkif aom tdk;tdrfOD;pD;XmeydkiftaqmufttHkESifhtcef;rsm;/ EdkifiHawmfydkiftjcm;taqmufttHkESifh tcef;rsm;/ EdkifiHawmfxHrS tca=u;aiGjzifhiSm;&rf;oHk;pGJaom EdkifiHawmfydkif av,mOf/ &xm;/ oabFm/ armfawmf,mOfponfrsm;/ ypPnf;rsm;ryg0if? (n) EdkifiHjcm;wdkif;jynfwckck. tpdk;& odk@r[kwf bmoma&;tzGJ@tpnf; odk@r[kwf tjcm;tzGJ@ tpnf;wckckrS aiGa=u;/ ypPnf;/ tjcm;taxmuftyHhudk wdkuf¶dkufjzpfap/ oG,f0dkufaomenf; jzifhjzpfap/ &,loHk;pGJonfh yk*~dKvf/ odk@r[kwf tzGJ@tpnf;0ifrsm;? (É) EdkifiHa&;udpPtwGuf bmoma&;udkta=umif;jyI qENrJay;&efaomfvnf;aumif;/ qENrJray; &efaomfvnf;aumif;/ ajymqdkjcif;/ a[majymjcif;/ a=unmcsufxkwfjyefjcif;ESifh ,if;odk@ðyvkyf &ef tm;ay;v_H@aqmfjcif;ðyaom yk*~dKvf odk@r[kwf tzGJ@tpnf;0ifrsm;?

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(X) wyfrawmf/ jynfol@&JwyfzGJ@paom umuG,fa&;wyfzGJ@0ifrsm;/ jynfol@0efxrf;tzGJ@tpnf; toD;oD;/ EdkifiHydkifpD;yGm;a&;tzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;rS 0efxrf;rsm;ESifh EdkifiHawmfb¾maiGrS vpmcH pm;=uaom tjcm;0efxrf;rsm;? rSwfcsuf? ,if;0efxrf;rsm;wGif t+idrf;pm;,lxm;aom yk*~dKvfrsm;ryg0if? 11? v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&+yD;aemuf atmufygwckckESifh+idpGef;v#if v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf qufvuf&yfwnfydkifcGifhr¶Sdap& ² ² ² (u) omoemh0efxrf;tjzpfodk@ t+rJwrf;ul;ajymif;oGm;jcif;? (c) pdwfayghoGyfonf[k oufqdkif&mOya'u jyXmef;xm;onfhtwdkif; owfrSwfcH&jcif;? (*) oufqdkif&mOya't& EdkifiHom;tjzpfrS &yfpJoGm;a=umif; owfrSwfcH&jcif;? (C) EdkfifiHjcm;tpdk;&. aus;Zl;opPmawmfudk cH,lapmifha¶Smuf¶dkaool/ odk@r[kwf EdkifiHjcm;tpdk;& .vufatmufcHjzpfol/ odk@r[kwf xdktpdk;&.EdkifiHom;jzpfol/ odk@r[kwf xdktpdk;&.vuf atmufcHjzpfolaomfvnf;aumif;/ EdkifiHom;aomfvnf;aumif; cHpm;&aomtcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh aus;Zl;cHpm;cGifhrsm;udk cHpm;EdkifcGifh¶Sdol[k a¶G;[email protected];jzwfcH&jcif;? (i) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS aumfr¶Sif odk@r[kwf oufqdkif&muEkwfxGufcGifhðyjcif;? (p) yk'fr(8)/ yk'frcGJ(u)/ yk'frcGJi,f(2)yg rdbrsm;rS arG;zGm;jcif;r[kwfaom EdkifiHom;tjzpf ouf qdkif&mu owfrSwfjcif;? (q) yk'fr(10)/ yk'frcGJ(q) odk@r[kwf (Z) yg yk*~dKvf odk@r[kwf tzGJ@tpnf;.tzGJ@0ifjzpfa=umif;/ oufqdkif&m w&m;¶Hk;. qHk;jzwfcH&jcif;? (Z) yk'fr(10)/ yk'frcGJ(ps)/ (n) odk@r[kwf (É) yg yk*~dKvf odk@r[kwf tzGJ@tpnf;w&yf. tzGJ@ tpnf;0ifjzpfa=umif;/ a¶G;aumufyGJcHktzGJ@. qHk;jzwfcH&jcif;? (ps) yk'fr(10)/ yk'frcGJ(X)yg 0efxrf;jzpfa=umif;/ oufqdkif&m 0efxrf;tzGJ@tpnf;t}uD;tuJu ta=umif;=um;jcif;? tcef; (6) rJpm&if;ðypkjcif; 12?

(u) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm; a&G;aumufwifajr‡muf&ef rJqENe,ftoD;oD;twGuf qENrJ ay;ykdifcGifh&Sdolrsm;. rJpm&if;ukd aumfr&Sifu ðypk&rnf/ (c) rJpm&if;rsm;ðypkjcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;I aumfr&Sifonf aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;udk wm0efay;I aqmif &GufapEdkifonf?

13?

(u) TOya'ygjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhqef@usifaom EkdifiHom;/ {!fhEdkifiHom;/ EkdifiHom;ðycGifh&olwkdif; onf rJqENe,fwe,fwGifaexkdifolvnf;jzpfI a&G;aumufyGJpwifusif;yonfhae@wGif touf wpfq,fh&SpfESpfjynfholvnf;jzpfv#if &yfuGufodk@r[kwfau|;&Gmtkyfpkaumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJu oufqkdif &mrJpm&if;Y xnfhoGif;azmfjy&rnf/ (c) wyfrawmfom;rsm;/ EkdifiHjyifywGifa&muf&Sdaeaom jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmf. oHtzGJ@ 0ifrsm;ESifh tdrfaxmifpk0ifrsm; oH¶kH;tzGJ@0ifrsm;ESifh tdrfaxmifpk0ifrsm;/ ynmawmfoifrsm;ESifh tdrfaxmifpk0ifrsm;/ udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@0ifrsm;ESifh tdrfaxmifpk0ifrsm;/ tpkd;&.cGifhðycsufjzifh - 321 -

EdkifiHjyifywGifa&muf&Sdaeolrsm;ESifh tdrfaxmifpk0ifrsm;udk &yfuGufokd@r[kwf au|;&Gmtkyfpk aumf r&SiftzGJ@cGJu owfrSwfxm;onfhtwkdif; oufqkdif&mrJpm&if;Y xnfhoGif;azmfjy&rnf? 14?

(u) rJqENe,fwpfe,f. rJpm&if;wGif trnfyg0ifaomEkdifiHom;/ {nfhEkdifiHom;/ EkdifiHom;ðycGifh& olwkdif;onf ,if;rJqENe,fwGifom qENrJay;ykdifcGifh&Sdonf? (c) qENrJay;ykdifcGifh&SdolwpfOD;onf rJqENe,fwpfe,f.rJpm&if;rS tjcm;rJqENe,f.rJpm&if;odk@ ckdifvkHaomta=umif;jycsufjzifh trnfajymif;a&$@vkdv#if owfrSwfxm;onfhtwkdif; oufqkdif&m aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJodk@ av#mufxm;Ekdifonf/ (*) rJqENe,frsm;&Sd qENrJay;ykdifcGifh&Sdol rnfolrqkd oufqkdif&mrJqENe,f. rJpm&if;wpftckrS ty tjcm;rJqENe,f.rJpm&if;rsm;Y wpfcsdefwnf;wGif trnfpm;&ifyg0ifjcif;r&Sdap&?

15?

rJqENe,ftvkduf a&G;aumufyGJrusif;yrD qENrJay;ykdifcGifh&&Sdolrsm;. trnfpm&if;ukd owfrSwf xm;onfhtwkdif; óudwifa=unm&rnf?

16?

(u) TOya't& qENrJay;ydkifcGifh&SdolwpfOD;onf oufqkdif&mrJpm&if;wGif rdrdtrnfyg0ifjcif;r&Sd v#if oufqkdif&m&yfuGuf odk@r[kwf au|;&Gmtkyfpkaumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJodk@ rdrdtrnfxnfhoGif;ay; &ef owfrSwfxm;onfhtwkdif; awmif;qkdv$mukdwifoGif;Ekdifonf/ (c) oufqkdif&m&yfuGuf odk@r[kwf au|;&Gmtkyfpkaumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJu trnfxnfhoGif;ay;jcif; r&SdcJ@v#if owfrSwfxm;onfhtwkdfif; òrd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJodk@ t,lcHcGifh&Sdonf? ,if;aumfr&Sif [email protected];jzwfcsufonf yk'fr 45 yg jyXmef;csufrsm;rSwpfyg; t+yD;jywfjzpfap&rnf?

17?

(u) rJpm&if;wGif ,if;rJqENe,fY qENrJay;ykdifcGifhr&SdolwpfOD;. trnfyg0ifaea=umif; ,if;rJpm &if;Yyg0ifolwpfOD;u uef@uGufvkdv#if oufqkdif&m &yfuGuf odk@r[kwf au|;&Gmtkyfpkaumfr&Sif tzGJ@cGJodk@ owfrSwfxm;onfhtwkdif; uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;Edkifonf/ (c) oufqkdif&m&yfuGuf odk@r[kwf au|;&Gmtkyfpkaumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJu ,if;trnfudk rJpm&if;rS y,fzsufay;jcif;r&SdcJhv#if owfrSwfxm;onfhtwkdif; òrd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@odk@ t,lcHcGifh&Sdonf? ,if;aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJ. qkH;jzwfcsufonf yk'fr 45 ygjyXmef;csufrsm;rSwpfyg; t+yD;tjywfjzpfap &rnf/ (*) òrd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJY t,lcHr_r+yD;jywfao;aomfvnf; rJpm&if;wGiftrnfyg&Sd+yD;jzpfaom oltm; rJray;&[krwm;jrpf&? ,if;tcGifhta&;t& ay;+yD;jzpfaomqENrJonfvnf; w&m;0if jzpfap&rnf?

18? rJpm&if;wGifyg0ifcGifh&SdvsufESifh yg0ifjcif;r&Sda=umif;awG@&Sdv#if xkdtrnfrsm;udk aemufqufwGJrJpm&if; wGif xnfhoGif;ay;jcif; okd@r[kwf rJpm&if;wGifygcGifhr&SdbJyg0ifa=umif;awG@&Sdv#if xkdtrnfrsm;udk rJpm&if;rS y,fzsufay;jcif;udk aumfr&SifESifhaumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJtqifhqifhwkd@u aqmif&Guf&rnf? tcef; (7) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; trnfpm&if;wifoGif;jcif; ESifh a¶G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,f cef@xm;jcif;

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19? a&G;aumufyGJwGif v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifvkdolwpfOD;onf owfrSwf xm;onfhtwkdif; oufqkdif&mòrd@e,fpkaumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJodk@ trnfpm&if;wifoGif;&rnf? 20? v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;wOD;onf w+ydKifwnf; rJqENe,fwe,fxufydkI trnfpm&if; wifoGif;cGifhr¶Sdap&? 21? v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoGif;xm;ol. trnfpm&if;wifoGif;v$m onf owfrSwfcsufrsm;ESifhnD!Gwfjcif; ¶Sdr¶Sd/ vufcH&efoifhroifhudk owfrSwfxm;onfhtwdkif; oufqdkif&m òrd@e,fpkaumfr¶SiftzGJ@cGJu pdppf&rnf? 22? v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoGif;xm;olwpfOD;onf owfrSwfxm;onfh twkdif; rdrd.trnfpm&if;wifoGif;v$mudk ¶kyfodrf;cGifh&Sdonf? 23?

yk'fr(21) t& oufqdkif&m òrd@e,fpkaumfr¶SiftzGJ@cGJu pdppfonfhtcsdefwGif ² ² ² (u) oufqdkif&m v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoGif;xm;olonf wifjyvdkaom taxmuftxm;rsm;udk wifjycGifh¶Sdonf? (c) oufqdkif&m v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoGif;xm;olonf aumufwifajr‡mufcHydkifcGifhr¶Sda=umif;/ odk@r[kwf a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufydkifcGifht&nftcsif;rsm; jynfhpHkjcif;r¶Sda=umif;udk a¶G;aumufyGJwGif qENrJay;ydkifcGifh¶SdolwOD;OD;u vHkavmufaom axmuftxm;rsm;wifjyI owfrSwfxm;onfhtwdkif; uef@uGufEdkifonf?

rdrd a¶G; ESifh t

24? oufqdkif&m òrd@e,fpkaumfr¶SiftzGJ@cGJonf owfrSwfxm;onfhtwdkif; pdppf+yD;aemuf atmufyg trdef@w&yf&yfudk csrSwfEdkifonf ² ² ² (u) oufqdkif&m v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoGif;xm;oltm; a¶G; aumufwifajr‡mufcHydkifcGifh¶Sdo!fh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf owfrSwfa=unmjcif;? (c) oufqdkif&m v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoGif;xm;oltm; a¶G; aumufwifajr‡mufcHykdifcGifhr¶Sdoltjzpf owfrSwfa=unmjcif;? 25? yk'fr(24)t& csrSwfonfhtrdef@udkrauseyfolonf oufqdkif&m jynfe,f odk@r[kwf wdkif;aumf r¶SiftzGJ@cGJodk@ owfrSwfxm;onfhtwdkif; t,lcHcGifh¶Sdonf? ,if; jynfe,f odk@r[kwf wdkif; aumfr¶Sif [email protected];jzwfcsufonf yk'fr(45)yg jyXmef;csufrsm;rSwpfyg; t+yD;tjywfjzpfap&rnf? 26? a&G;aumufyGJtwGuf v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,af vmif;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoGif;xm;olonf owfrSwfxm;onfhtwdkif; rdrdukd,fukdjzpfap/ tjcm;olwpfOD;udkjzpfap rdrd.a&G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,f tjzpf cef@xm;&rnf? 27?

(u) TOya't& v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHykdifcGifh t&nftcsif; ESifh jynfpkHoludkomv#if a&G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfcef@xm;&rnf? ,if;okd@cef@xm;&mwGif xkdol. oabmwlnDcsufjzifhom cef@xm;&rnf/

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(c) yk'frcGJ(u)t& cef@xm;onfha&G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,f EkwfxGufv#ifjzpfap/ uG,fvGefv#if jzpfap/ a&G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS ¶kyfodrf;cH&v#ifjzpfap v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f avmif;onf a¶G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS.ftjzpf tjcm;olwpfOD;tm; xyfrHcef@xm;Ekdifonf? tcef; (8) qENrJay;jcif; 28?

aumfr¶Sifonf ² ² ² (u) a&G;aumufyGJrsm;udkjzpfEkdifoa&$@ wpfòydifeuf wpfae@wnf;usif;y&rnf/ (c) a&G;aumufyGJrsm;udk jzpfEkdifoa&$@ trsm;jynfolwkd@. tvkyfydwf&ufwGifusif;y&rnf/ (*) a&G;aumufyGJusif;yrnfhae&ufudk óudwifIowfrSwfa=unm&rnf?

29? v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk oufqdkif&mrJqENe,frsm;wGif aexkdif=uaom qENrJay;ydkifcGifh&Sdol rsm;u v#dK@0SufqENrJjzifh wkduf¶dkufa&G;aumufwifajr‡muf&rnf? 30? aumfr&Sifonf &yfuGufESifhau|;&Gmtkyfpktvkdufxm;&Sdrnfh rJ¶kHta&twGufudk qENrJay;ykdifcGifh&SdolOD; a&ESifh a'otajctaeudkrlwnfI oifhavsmfovkdowfrSwfEkdifonf odk@r[kwf jynfe,f okd@r[kwf wkdif; aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;tm; wm0efay;tyfEkdifonf? òrd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;tm; rJ¶kHae&mrsm;owfrSwf&ef wm0efay;tyfEkdifonf? 31? rJ¶kHrsm;udk trsm;jynfolwkd@ tvG,fwulvma&mufqENrJay;Ekdifaomae&mrsm;Y v#dK@0SufqENrJay;r_ udkrxdcdkufap&ef vkHòcHpGmpDpOfxm;&Sd&rnf? rJ¶kHrsm;wnf&Sdonfhae&mudk trsm;jynfolwkd@od&Sdap&ef óudwif a=unm&rnf? 32? rJqENe,ftoD;oD;&SdrJ¶kHrsm;udk }uD;=uyfuGufuJ&ef oufqkdif&mòrd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJu ² ² ² (u) 0efxrf;rsm;xJrS oifhavsmfolrsm;udk rJ¶kHr–;rsm;tjzpfcef@tyf&rnf/ (c) rJ¶kHtzGJ@rsm;udk jzpfEkdifoa&$@ 0efxrf;rsm;ESifh a'ocHtrsm;jynfolwdk@. ,kH=unfav;pm;jcif; cH&aom EkdifiHom;/ {nfhEkdfifiHom; odk@r[kwf EkdifiHom;ðycGifh&olrsm;jzifh owfrSwfxm;onfh twkdif; zGJ@pnf;wm0efay;tyf&rnf/ (*) rJ¶kHtzGJ@rsm;ESifh rJ¶kHr–;rsm;. wm0efESifhvkyfykdifcGifhrsm;udk enf;Oya'rsm;jzifhowfrSwfay;&rnf? 33? a&G;aumufyGJusif;yonfhae@wGif rdrda&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHrnfh rJqENe,ftwGif;&Sd rJ¶kHtoD;oD;Y rdrdudk,fpm;aqmif&GufEkdif&ef v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;toD;oD;onf rJ¶kHudk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;ESifh tuludk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;pDudk owfrSwfxm;onfhtwkdif; cef@xm;Ekdifonf? ,if;rJ¶kHukd,fpm;vS,fESifh tulukd,fpm;vS,fwkd@onf qENrJay;ykdifcGifh&Sdolrsm; jzpfap&rnf?

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34? (u) rJqENe,fwpfe,fwGif a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHrnfh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; wpfOD; wnf;om&Sdv#if ,if;rJqENe,ftwGif a&G;aumufyGJusif;yjcif;rðyawmhbJ xkdyk*d~Kvftm; v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fjzpfa=umif; aumfr&Sifu a=unm&rnf/ (c) rJqENe,fwpfe,fwGif v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,af vmif; wpfOD;xufydkI&SdcJhv#if rJykH;ESifh qENrJvufrSwfrsm;ukd enf;Oya'rsm;jzifhowfrSwx f m;onfhtwkdif; ðyvkyfpDpOfI qENrJay;ap &rnf? 35? a&G;aumufyGJusif;yonfhae@wGif rJ¶kHrsm;udk eHeuf 6 em&DrS nae 4 em&Dtxd zGifhvSpfxm;&rnf? odk@&mwGif qENrJay;ykdifcGifh&Sdoltm;vkH; qENrJay;+yD;ygu rJ¶kHrsm;ukd nae 4 em&DxufapmI ydwfEkdifonf? 36? qENrJay;ykdifcGifh&Sdolrsm;onf oufqkdif&mrJ¶kHtoD;oD;Y qENrJvufrSwfrsm;udk udk,fwkdifvma&muf xkwf,l&rnf? oufqkdif&mrJykH;twGif;odk@ ,if;qENrJvufrSwfudk udk,fwkdifxnf&h rnf? rnfolr# udk,fpm; vS,fapv$wfI qENrJay;jcif;rðy&? 37? qENrJay;ykdifcGifh&SdolwpfOD;onf a&G;aumufyGJwpfckwGif ² ² ² (u) qENrJwpfrJom ay;ydkifcGifh&Sdonf/ (c) wpf}udrfxufydkI qENrJay;ykdifcGifhr&Sdap&? 38?

(u) oufqkdif&mrJqENe,fjyifyodk@a&mufaeaom wyfrawmfom;rsm;/ ausmif;om;rsm;/ oifwef;om;rsm;/ 0efxrf;rsm;/ tcsKyfcHae&olrsm;/ aq¶kH&SdtwGif;vlemrsm;onf óudwifqENrJ vufrSwfjzifh oufqkdfif&mrJqENe,ftwGuf qENrJay;Ekdfif&ef oufqkdif&m òrd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@u pDpOfay;&rnf/ (c) qENrJay;ydkifcGifh&SdolwpfOD;onf a&G;aumufyGJusif;yonfhae@wGif rdrdtrnfpm&if;yg0ifaom rJqENe,frSausmfvGefI c&D;a0;oGm;vm&ef&Sdv#if óudwifqENrJvufrSwfjzifh qENrJay;ekdif&ef oufqkdif&m &yfuGuf odk@r[kwf aus;&Gmtkyfpkaumfr&SiftzGJ@cJGu pDpOfay;&rnf/ (*) rJqENe,ftwGif;&Sdaomfvnf; atmufygta=umif;wckcka=umifh rJ¶kHodk@udk,fwkdfifvma&muf qENrJray;Ekdifolrsm;onf qENrJay;vkdv#if óudwifqENrJvufrSwfjzifh qENrJay;Ekdif&ef owfrSwf xm;onfhtwdkif; oufqkdif&m &yfuGuf odk@r[kwf aus;&Gmtkyfpkaumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJu pDpOfay;& rnf ² ² ² (1) tem}uD;a&m*gpGJuyfaejcif;/ (2) a&m*ga0'emjyif;xefpGmcHpm;ae&jcif;/ (3) touft&G,f}uD;&ifhaejcif;/ (4) aetdrfwGifrD;zGm;aejcif;/ (5) &JtcsKyfpcef; odk@r[kwf tusOf;pcef;wGif tcsKyfcHae&jcif;/ (6) aq;¶kHY twGif;vlemtjzpf aq;0g;ukor_cH,lae&jcif;/ (7) 0efxrf; odk@r[kwf wyfawmfom; odk@r[kwf &JwyfzGJ@0ifwpfOD;onf rJpm&if;yg&Sd&ma'orS ausmfvGefI oGm;a&mufwm0efxrf;aqmif&jcif;? (C) óudwifqENrJvufrSwf odk@r[kwf qENrJvufrSwfwGif rdrdudk,fwkdifa&;oGif;&ef tcuftcJ&Sd olrsm;twGuf qENðy&rnfhenf;vrf;udk enf;Oya'rsm;jzifh owfrSwfay;&rnf?

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39?

(u) a&G;aumufyGJusif;yonfhtcsdefY EkdifiHjyifywGifa&muf&Sdaeaom jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH awmf. oHtzGJ@0ifrsm;ESifh tdrfaxmifpk0ifrsm;/ oH¶kH;tzGJ@0ifrsm;ESifh tdrfaxmifpk0ifrsm;/ ynm awmfoifrsm;ESifh tdrfaxmifpk0ifrsm;/ udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@0ifrsm;ESifh tdrfaxmifpk0ifrsm;/ tpkd; &.cGifhðycsufjzifh EkdifiHjyifywGifa&muf&Sdaeaomolrsm;ESifh tdrfaxmifpk0ifrsm;u oufqkdif&m rJqENe,frsm;twGuf óudwifIqENrJay;Ekdif&ef aumfr&Sifu pDpOfay;&rnf/ (c) EkdifiHjyifywGifa&muf&Sdaeaom qENrJay;ydkifcGifh&Sdolrsm;u óudwifIqENrJay;Ekdfifa&;twGuf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmftpdk;&/ EkdifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;Xmeu wm0ef,lqufoG,faqmif&Gufay; &rnf? tcef; (9) qENrJa&wGufjcif;ESifh twnfðya=unmjcif;

40?

(u) &yfuGuf odk@r[kwf aus;&Gmtkyfpkaumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJonf rdrdESifhoufqkdifaomrJ¶kHtoD;oD;ESifh ywfoufonfh yk'fr 38 yk'frcGJ (c)ESifh(*)wdk@t& qENðyxm;aom óudwifqENrJvufrSwfrsm;ESifh trnfpm&if;rsm;ukd a&G;aumufyGJusif;yaomae@wGif rJ¶kHrzGifhrD oufqkdif&mrJ¶kHr–;.vuf0,fodk@ ta&mufay;ykd@&rnf/ (c) oufqkdif&mrJqENe,ftvkduf qENrJvufrSwfrsm;udk qENrJay;jcif; +yD;jywfv#if+yD;jywfcsif; rJ¶kHr– ;udk,fwkdfifjzpfap/ ,if;uwm0efay;tyfaom rJ¶kHtzGJ@0ifujzpfap rJ¶HkwGifyif rJ¶kHtzGJ@0ifrsm;/ trsm;jynfolrsm;/ rJ¶kHudk,fpm;vS,frsm;a&S@arSmufY a&wGuf&rnf? qENrJrsm;a&wGuf&mwGif ckdfifvkHaomqENrJESifh rckdifvkHaomqENrJrsm;udk enf;Oya'rsm;ESifhtnDcGJjcm;I a&wGuf&rnf? a&wGuf&&SdaomtqENrJta&twGufudk owfrSwfonfhtwdkif; pm&if;ðypk+yD; qENrJpm&if;Z,m; rsm;ukd òrd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJodk@ ay;ydk@&rnf? rdwWLwpfapmifudk &yfuGuf odk@r[kwf aus;&Gmtkyfpk aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJodk@ ay;ydk@&rnf? (*) &yfuGuf odk@r[kwf aus;&Gmtkyfpkaumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJonf rdrde,fajrtwGif;&Sd rJ¶kHr–;rsm;u owf rSwfxm;onfhtwkdif; ðypkxm;aomqENrJpm&if;Z,m;rsm;udk òrd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJodk@ tcsdefrD a&muf&Sdap&ef tjrefqkH;ay;ydk@a&;twGuf vkdtyfovkd}uD;=uyfaqmif&Guf&rnf/ (C) òrd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;onf a&G;aumufyGJusif;yonfhae@ nae 4 em&DrwdkifrD rdrdvuf 0,fodk@a&muf¶Sdaeaom yk'fr 38 yk'frcGJ(u)ESifh yk'fr 39 yk'frcGJ(u)wkd@t& qENðyxm;onfh óudwifqENrJvufrSwfrsm;udk v$wfawmfudkf,fpm;vS,favmif;rsm; odk@r[kwf ,if;wdk@. a¶G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh trsm;jynfola&S@arSmufYa&wGuf+yD; oufqdkif&mqENrJpm&if; Z,m;rsm;udk owfrSwfxm;onfhtwkdif; v$wfawmfrJqENe,fwpfe,fpDtwGuf aygif;¶kH;pkpnf;& rnf?

41?

(u) òrd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJonf rJqENe,fwpfe,fwGif a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHrnfh v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,favmif; wpfOD;xufydkI&SdcJhv#if ,if;v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;toD;oD;&&Sd aom qENrJta&twGufudk a=unm&rnf? qENrJtrsm;qkH;&&Sdoludk a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&ol tjzpf aumfr&SifuowfrSwfa=unmEkdif&efvnf;aumif;/ qENrJta&twGufwlnDaev#if

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a&G;aumufyGJxyfrHusif;yEkdifa&;twGufvnf;aumif; òrd@e,fpkaumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJodk@ tjrefqkH;wifjy &rnf? (c) òrd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJ. yk'frcGJ(u)t& wifjycsufudk&&Sdv#if òrd@e,fpkaumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJonf [email protected];rSwfcsufESifhtwl aumfr&Sio f dk@ tjrefqkH;qufvufwifjy&rnf? rdwWLwpf apmifudk jynfe,f odk@r[kwf wkdif;aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJodk@wifjy&rnf? (*) aumfr&Sifonf òrd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJ. yk'frcGJ(c)ESifhtnD ay;ydk@onfhpm&if;rsm;t& a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&oludk a=unm&rnf? qENrJta&twGufwlnDaea=umif; yk'frcGJ(u) t&wifjyvmv#if a&G;aumufyGJxyfrHusif;ya&;ESifh pyfvsOf;I aumfr&Sifu!$ef=um;onfh twkdif; òrd@e,fpkaumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJonf enf;Oya'rsm;ESifhtnD aqmif&Gufay;&rnf? trsm;qkH; &&Sdaom qENrJta&twGufwlnDaeojzifh a&G;aumufyGJxyfrHusif;yay;&efjzpfv#if xkdqENrJwlnD aeolrsm; omv#if ,SOfòydifa&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHydkifcGifh&Sdonf? tcef; (10) aumfr¶Sif.vkyfydkifcGifhrsm; 42?

aumfr¶Sifonf ² ² ² (u) obm0ab;tEW&m,fwpfckcka=umifh a¶G;aumufyGJrusif;yEdkifaom rJqENe,frsm;wGif ,if; ab;tEW&m,fuif;¶Sif;+yD;onftxd/ a¶G;aumufyGJudka¶$@qdkif;Edkifonf? (c) rJqENe,fwpfe,fY a¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;twGuf rJpm&if;ðypk&efaomfvnf;aumif;/ qENrJay; &efaomfvnf;aumif;/ vHk+cHKr_tajctaer¶Sdv#if ,if;rJqENe,ftwGufa¶G;aumufyGJudk a¶$@qdkif;Edkif onf? (*) v$wfawmfrJqENe,fwpfe,fwGifyg0ifaom tcsdK@a'orsm;Y a¶G;aumufyGJrsm;usif;y&ef tajc tae¶Sd+yD;/ tcsdK@a'orsm;Y a¶G;aumufyGJusif;y&ef tajctaer¶Sdv#if a¶G;aumufyGJusif;y&ef tajc tae¶Sdaoma'orsm;Y a¶G;aumufyGJusif;y&efaomfvnf;aumif;/ a¶G;aumufyGJusif;y&ef tajc taer¶Sdaoma'orsm;Y a¶G;aumufyGJusif;yjcif;rðy&efaomfvnf;aumif;/ rJ¶Hkrsm;udk vHk+cHKr_¶Sdaom ae&mrsm;odk@ ajymif;a¶$@usif;y&efaomfvnf;aumif;/ qHk;jzwfEdkifonf? odk@&mwGif rJpm&if;t& rJqEN ¶Siftm;vHk;.(51)&mcdkifE_ef;u qENrJay;+yD;jzpfv#if xajrmufaom a¶G;aumufyGJtjzpf owfrSwfEdkif onf? vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waom a¶G;aumufyGJusif;y&efrjzpfEdkif[k aumfr¶Sifu,lqv#if ,if; rJqENe,fwpfe,fvHk;.a¶G;aumufyGJudk a¶$@qdkif;Edkifonf?

43? a¶G;aumufyGJrsm;a¶$@qdkif;jcif;/ rJ¶Hkrsm;udkvHk+cHKr_¶Sdaomae&mrsm;odk@ ajymif;a¶$@usif;yjcif;ESifh pyfv#Of; onfhvkyfydkifcGifhudk aumfr¶Sifu aumfr¶SiftzGJ@cGJtoD;oD;odk@ oifhav#mfovdkv$JtyfEdkifonf? 44? v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; wpfOD;om¶Sdonfh/ rJqENe,fwpfe,fwGif a¶G;aumufyGJrusif; yrD/ ,if;v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; uG,fvGefv#ifjzpfap/ a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHydkifcGifhr¶Sda=umif; awG@¶Sd v#ifjzpfap ,if;rJqENe,ftwGuf a¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;ESifhpyfv#Of;I v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; trnfpm&if;wifoGif;onfhtqifhrSpI jyefvnfaqmif¶Guf&rnf? - 327 -

45? a¶G;aumufyGJudpPtwGuf aumfr¶SiftzGJ@cGJtoD;oD;. a¶G;aumufyGJqdkif&m aqmif¶Gufcsuf/ qHk; jzwfcsufrsm;ESifhpyfv#Of;I aumfr¶Sifonf rdrd.oabmqENtav#muf oufqdkif&mtr_wGJ/ pm¶Gufpm wrf;rsm;udk awmif;ac:=unfh¶_I vdktyfovdktqHk;tjzwfcsrSwfEdkifonf? ,if;qHk;jzwfcsufonf t+yD; tjywfjzpfap&rnf? 46? aumfr¶Sifonf vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waoma¶G;aumufyGJudk vdktyfovdkaqmif¶GufEdkifonf?

atmifjrifpGmusif;yEdkifa&;twGuf

tcef; (11) a¶G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh ukefusp&dwfrsm; 47? a¶G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,fonf oufqdkif&ma¶G;aumufyGJtwGuf a&G;aumufyGJqkdif&mukefus p&dwfrsm;udk owfrSwfxm;onfhtwkdif; pepfwusxdef;odrf;xm;&Sd&rnf? ,if;ukefusp&dwfpm&if;ukd owf rSwfxm;onfhenf;vrf;ESifhtnD oufqkdif&mòrd@e,fpkaumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJodk@ wifjy&rnf? 48? a&G;aumufyGJtwGuf ukefusp&dwftrsm;qkH; E_ef;xm;onfvnf;aumif;/ a&G;aumufyGJESifhpyfvsOf;I v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;twGuf tca=u;aiGjzifhaqmif&GufolOD;a&onfvnf;aumif;/ enf;Oya' rsm;jzifh owfrSwfonfhtwkdif;jzpfonf? tcef; (12) a¶G;aumufyGJqdkif&m jypfr_rsm;ESifh jypf'%frsm; 49?

(u) a&G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif yk*~dKvfwpfOD;. qENrJay;ykdifcGifhESifh a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHydkifcGifhwkd@udk usifhokH;jcif;rðyEkdifap&ef t=urf;zufjcif;/ +cdrf;ajcmufjcif;/ ravsmf=oZmokH;jcif;/ vdrfvnfvSnfh jzm;jcif;/ vmbfay;jcif; odk@r[kwf vmbf,ljcif;wkd@udk rnfolr#rðy&/ (c) rnfolrqkd yk'frcGJ(u)ygwm;jrpfcsufwpfckckudk azmufzsufusL;vGefjcif;a=umifh jypfr_xif &Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if axmif'%fwpfESpftxdjzpfap/ usyfESpfaxmiftxdaiG'%fudkjzpfap/ jypf'%f ESpf&yfvkH;udkjzpfap uscHap&rnf?

50? rnfolr# atmufygwm;jrpfcsufwpf&yf&yfudk azmufzsufusL;vGefjcif;rðy&/ azmufzsufusL;vGef a=umif; jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if axmif'%fwpfESpftxdjzpfap/ usyfESpfaxmiftxdaiG'%fudkjzpfap/ jypf'%fESpf&yfvkH;udkjzpfap uscHap&rnf ² ² ² (u) a&G;aumufr_qkdif&mtcGifhta&;udk rw&m;ojzifh&&Sdap&efaomfvnf;aumif;/ ,if;tcGifh ta&;udk&&SdcJhjcif;twGuf aus;Zl;wkH@jyefonfhtaejzifhaomfvnf;aumif;/ aiG/ ukefypPnf;/ tpm; taomuf/ &mxl;/ tvkyftudkifae&majymif;a&$@r_ponfh enf;vrf;wpfckckudktokH;ðyvsuf vmbfay;jcif;/ vmbf,ljcif;/

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(c) a&G;aumufr_qkdif&mtcGifhta&;udk vGwfvyfpGmrusifhokH;Ekdifap&ef v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f avmif;wpfOD;OD;ukdaomfvnf;aumif;/ qENrJay;ykdifcGifh&SdolwpfOD;OD;udkaomfvnf;aumif;/ +cdrf; ajcmufjcif;/ (*) vlrsdK;a&;udkjzpfap/ bmoma&;udkjzpfap ta=umif;jyI qENrJay;&efaomfvnf;aumif;/ qENrJray;&efaomfvnf;aumif; ajymqkdjcif;/ a[majymjcif;/ a=unmcsufxkwfjyefjcif;ESifh ,if; odk@ðyvkyf&eftm;ay;v_H@aqmfjcif;/ (C) qENrJay;jcif;udkysufjym;ap&ef v_H@aqmfajym=um;jcif;/ pnf;a0;a[majymjcif;/ a&;om;jcif;/ jzef@csdjcif;/ ydkpwmrsm;tokH;ðyjcif;? 51? rnfolr# atmufygwm;jrpfcsufwpf&yf&yfudk azmufzsufusL;vGefjcif; odk@r[kwf tjcm;olwpfOD;OD; tm; azmufzsufusL;vGefap&ef tm;ay;ulnDjcif;rðy&/ azmufzsufusL;vGefa=umif; odk@r[kwf azmufzsuf usL;vGef&eftm;ay;ulnDa=umif; jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if xkdoltm; axmif'%f 6 vtxdjzpfap/ us,fwpfaxmiftxd aiG'%fukdjzpfap/ jypf'%fESpf&yfvkH;udkjzpfap uscHap&rnf ² ² ² (u) aumfr&SifESifh aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;u xkwjf yefxm;aom pm&if;/ ta=umif;=um;pm odk@r [kwf tjcm;pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;ukd r¶kd;ajzmifhaomoabmjzifh zwfr&atmifðyvkyfjcif;/ odk@r[kwf zsufqD;jcif;/ (c) rJpm&if;ukdaomfvnf;aumif;/ qENrJvufrSwfudkaomfvnf;aumif;/ pmwkdufrSwpfqifh ay;ydk@&mwGif tokH;ðyaom pmtdwf odk@r[kwf txkyfudkaomfvnf;aumif;/ vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm; vkdaomoabmjzifh zsufqD;jcif; odk@r[kwf ,if;wdk@wGif a&;oGif;xm;csufrsm;udk zwfr&atmif ðyvkyfjcif;/ (*) qENrJvufrSwfudk roraomenf;jzifh tjcm;olwpfOD;tm; ay;jcif;/ (C) xnfhcGifh&Sdaom qENrJvufrSwfrSty tjcm;ypPnf;wpfckckudk rJykH;twGif;odk@ xnfhoGif;jcif;/ (i) tokH;ðyqJjzpfaom rJykH;udkaomfvnf;aumif;/ qENrJvufrSwfudkaomfvnf;aumif; tcGifh tm%mr&SdbJ zGifhvSpfjcif; odk@r[kwf zsufqD;jcif;/ (p) a&G;aumufyGJwGif rJqENe,fwpfe,fxufydkaom rJqENe,frsm;twGuf qENrJay;jcif;/ (q) a&G;aumufyGJwpfckckwGif rJqENe,fwpfe,ftwGuf wpf}udrfxufydkI qENrJay;jcif;/ (Z) olwpfyg;[efaqmifI qENrJvufrSwfudk vma&mufawmif;qkdjcif;/ qENrJay;jcif;/ (ps) a&G;aumufyGJusif;yaepOf rJ¶kHtwGi;f odk@ 0ifcGifhr&SdbJ 0ifa&mufjcif;/ (n) twkðyvkyfxm;aom qENrJvufrSwfwpfckckudkjzpfap/ trsm;ukdjzpfap rJykH;twGif;odk@ xnfh oGif;jcif;? 52? rnfolrqkd a&G;aaumufyGJusif;yonfhae@wGif qENrJay;ydkifcGifh&SdolwpfOD;OD;udk qENrJray;Ekdifatmif aESmifh,Sufa=umif;/ odk@r[kwf aESmifh,Suf&eftm;ay;ulnaD =umif;/ jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if axmif '%f 6 vtxdjzpfap/ usyfwpfaxmiftxd aiG'%fudkjzpfap/ jypf'%fESpf&yfvkH;udkjzpfap uscHap&rnf? 53?

(u) rnfolr# rJay;onfhae@wGif atmufygwpfckckudk rðyvkyf& ² ² ²

rJ¶kHtwGi;f Yjzpfap/

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rJ¶kHrSudkufwpf&mtuGmtwGif;Yjzpfap

(1) rJqG,fjcif;/ (2) rJqEN&SifwpfOD;OD;tm; v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;wpfOD;OD;udk rJay;&efawmif;qkdjcif;/ (3) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmifwpfOD;OD;udk rJray;&efaomfvnfaumif;/ a&G;aumufyGJYrJay; &efaomfvnf;aumif;/ rJray;bJae&efaomfvnf;aumif; wkdufwGef;aoG;aqmifjcif;? &Sif;vif;csuf? Tyk'frygudpPtvkd@iSm rJ¶kHwpfyg; tjcm;ae&mrsm;wGif a&G;aumufyGJESifh oufqdkfifonfh a=umfjim/ pm&Gufpmwrf; ponfwkd@uyfxm;jcif;/ csdwfqGJxm;jcif; ryg0if? (c) rnfolrqkd yk'frcGJ(u)ygwm;jrpfcsufwpf&yf&yfudk azmufzsufusL;vGefa=umif; jypfr_xif&Sm; pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if axmif'%f 6 vtxdjzpfap/ usyfwpfaxmiftxd aiG'%fjzpfap/ jypf'%fESpf&yf vkH;ukdjzpfap uscHap&rnf? 54? aumfr¶SiftzGJ@cGJtqifhqifhtygt0if a¶G;aumufyGJESifhoufqdkifonfh wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk xrf; aqmifaomyk*~dKvfonf atmufygjyXmef;csufrsm;udk vdkufemaqmif¶Guf&rnf? ,if;jyXmef;csufwpf&yf&yf udk azmufzsufusL;vGefa=umif;/ jypfr_xif¶Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if axmif'%f(6)vtxdjzpfap/ usyfwpf axmiftxdaiG'%fudkjzpfap/ jypf'%f(2)&yfvHk;udkjzpfap uscHap&rnf ² ² ² (u) a¶G;aumufyGJrsm;ESifhoufqdkifaom pm&if;Z,m;ESifh rSwfwrf;rsm;udk wduspGmðypkxdef;odrf; jcif;? (c) v#dK@0SufqENrJay;jcif;udk ulnDapmifha¶Smufjcif;? (*) aumfr¶Sifu xkwfjyefcGifhðyaom pm&if;tcsuftvufrsm;rSwpfyg; tjcm;udpPrsm;ESifhpyf v#Of;I ayguf=um;jcif;r¶Sdap&ef apmifhxdef;jcif;? (C) a¶G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;wpfOD;OD;twGuf rSefrSefuefuef aqmif¶Gufjcif;/ rnfonfhv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;twGufr# rJrqG,fjcif;/ bufrvdkuf jcif;? 55?

(u) rJqENe,ftwGif; qENrJay;onfhae@wGif bmoma&;ESifhpyfvsOf;onfhudpPrSty rnfolr# trsm;jynfolwufa&mufEkdifaom tpnf;ta0;zdwfac:jcif;/ usif;yjcif;rðy&? ,if;uJhodk@ tpnf; ta0;rsdK;udkvnf; wufa&mufjcif;rðy&? (c) rnfolrqkd yk'frcGJ(u)ygwm;jrpfcsufudk azmufzsufusL;vGefa=umif; jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH& v#if axmif'%f 6 vtxdjzpfap/ usyfwpfaxmiftxdaiG'%fudkjzpfap/ jypf'%fESpf&yfvkH;udk jzpfap uscHap&rnf?

56?

(u) rnfolr# qENrJay;onfhae@wGif qENrJay;&efvma&mufolrsm; pdwfòidjiifap&ef odk@r[kwf rJ¶kHwGifwm0efusaom rJ¶kHr–;ESifhrJ¶kHtzGJ@0ifrsm; 0wW&m;aqmif&Gufjcif;udk taESmifht,Sufjzpfap &ef rJ¶kHtwGif;Yjzpfap/ rJ¶kHrSudkufig;&mtwGif;Yjzpfap/ toHcsJ@puftp&Sdaom vl.toHukdus,f atmifðyvkyfonfh ud&d,mwefqmokH;pGJjcif;/ atmf[pfjcif;tp&Sdaom pnf;urf;rJhonfh tðytrl rsm;rðy&/ (c) rnfolrqkd yk'frcGJ(u)yg wm;jrpfcsufwpfckckudk azmufzsufusL;vGefa=umif; jypfr_xif&Sm; pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if axmif'%f 6 vtxdjzpfap/ usyfwpfaxmiftxdaiG'%fudkjzpfap/ jypf'%f ESpf&yfvkH;udkjzpfap uscHap&rnf?

57?

(u) rnfolrqkd rJ¶kHwGifqENrJay;&ef owfrSwfxm;aomtcsdefem&DtwGif; rJ¶kHYrzG,fr&maom tr_udkðyv#if odk@r[kwf rJ¶kHr–;u rdrd.wm0ef0wW&m;t& ay;onfhtrdef@udk remcHv#if xkdoludk rJ¶kHr– ;.trdef@jzifhaomfvnf;aumif;/ rJ¶kHr–;.tcGifhtm%m& rJ¶kHtzGJ@0ifwpfOD;.trdef@jzifhaomf - 330 -

vnf;aumif; wm0efusjynfol@&JwyfzGJ@0if okd@r[kwf tjcm;vkHòcHa&;wm0ef&Sdolu rJ¶kHrSz,f&Sm; ypf&rnf/ (c) rJ¶kHrSz,f&Sm;jcif;cH&olonf rJ¶kHr–;.cGifhðycsufr&&SdbJ rJ¶kHokd@jyef0ifvmjcif;a=umifh jypfr_xif &Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if axmif'%f 6 vtxdjzpfap/ usyfwpfaxmiftxdaiG'%fudkjzpfap/ jypf'%f ESpf&yfvkH;udkjzpfap uscHap&rnf? 58? yk'fr 54 t&jypf'%fxkdufaomjypfr_udk aumfr&Sif odk@r[kwf aumfr&Sifr&Sdawmhv#if tpdk;&.cGifhðyrdef@ odk@r[kwf TudpPtvkd@iSm tpdk;&utcGifhtm%mv$Jtyfxm;onfhyk*~dKvf. cGifhðyrdef@&&SdrSom w&m;pGJqkd &rnf? 59? rnfolrqdk a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;qkdif&m jypfrr_ sm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I vdrfvnfpGyfpGJwkdfifwef;a=umif; jypfr_xif;&SmpD&ifjcif;cHv#if xkdolukd axmif'%f 6 vtxdjzpfap/ usyfwpfaxmiftxdaiG'%fudkjzpfap/ jypf'%fESpf&yfvkH;udkjzpfap uscHap&rnf? 60? wpfOD;wpfa,mufaomolonf TOya'wGifjyXmef;xm;onfh jypfr_wpfckckudk usL;vGefonf odk@r[kwf usL;vGefqJjzpfonfudkawG@&Sdv#if rJ¶kHr–;onf xkdoludkzrf;qD;&ef wm0efusjynfol@&JwyfzGJ@0if odk@r[kwf tjcm;vkHòcHa&;wm0ef&Sdoltm; trdef@ay;Ekdifonf? 61? a&G;aumufyGJr_qkdfif&m jypfr_rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I oufqkdif&mrJqENe,fwGif rJqENay;ykdifcGifh&Sdol wpfOD;OD; ujzpfap/ v$wfawmfudkf,fpm;vS,favmif; odk@r[kwf v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;OD;ujzpfap/ rJqEN e,ftwGuf wm0ef,laqmif&Guf&aom aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJodk@r[kwf rJ¶kHtzGJ@wckckwGifyg0ifaom tzGJ@0if wpfOD;OD;ujzpfap oufaotaxmuftxm;ckdifvkHpGmjzifh a&G;aumufyGJrusif;yrDaomfvnf;aumif;/ a&G;aumufyGJusif;yaepOfaomfvnf;aumif;/ a&G;aumufyGJusif;yaomae@rS(15)&uftwGif; aomfvnf; aumif; oufqkdif&mòrd@e,fw&m;¶kH;odk@ av#mufxm;pGJqkdEdkifonf? tcef; (13) w&m;rJhðyusifhr_rsm; 62?

atmufygwdk@onf w&m;rJhðyusifhr_rsm;jzpfonf ² ² ² (u) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;ujzpfap/ ,if;.a¶G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,fujzpfap/ ,if; wdk@wpfOD;OD;. oabmwlnDcsufjzifh tjcm;olwOD;OD;ujzpfap/ atmufygjypfr_rsm;udk usL;vGef jcif; ² ² ² (1) vmbfay;vmbf,lr_ ðyvkyfjcif;? (2) a¶G;aumufr_qdkif&mtcGifhta&;udk taESmifht,Sufðyvkyfjcif;? (3) olwyg;[efaqmifjcif;? (4) r[kwfrrSef ajymqdka=unmjcif;? (5) r[kwfrrSef 0efcHvufrSwfa&;xdk;jcif;?

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(c) rJqENe,fwpfe,ftwGuf a&G;aumufyGJwGifwpf}udrfxufydkI qENrJay;jcif; odk@r[kwf a&G;aumufyGJrsm;udk wpfcsdefwnf;usif;ypOf wpfe,fxufydkaom rJqENe,frsm;twGuf qENrJay; jcif;jzifh rdrdvkdvm;aom v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;tm; tusdK;&Sdapjcif;/ (*) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fuaomfvnf;aumif;/ ,if;.a&G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,fuaomf vnf;aumif; a&G;aumufyGJESifhpyfvsOf;I owfrSwfcsufESifhrnDbJ aiGudkrw&m;tukefcHjcif; odk@r [kwf rw&m;tukefcH&efoabmwlnDjcif;/ (C) a&G;aumufyGJukefusp&dwfaiGpm&if;rsm;ukd a&G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,fu a&;rSwfxm;&ef ysufuGufjcif;/ (i) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; odk@r[kwf ,if;.a&G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,f. oabm wlnDcsufjzifh wpfOD;wpfa,mufaomolu qENrJay;csdefwGif rJ¶kHrSqENrJvufrSwfudk tjcm;okd@ ,laqmifoGm;jcif;/ (p) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; odk@r[kwf ,if;.a&G;aumufyJGukd,fpm;vS,f. wkdufwGef; csufjzifhaomfvnf;aumif;/ oabmwlnDcsufjzifhaomfvnf;aumif; atmufygwdk@ukdusL;vGefjcif; ² ² ² (1) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf yg0if&ef odk@r[kwf ryg0ifbJae&ef odk@r [kwf v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGuf&ef&nf&G,fcsufjzifh aomfvnf; aumif;/ aus;Zl;wkH@jyefcsufjzifhaomfvnf;aumif; wpfOD;wa,mufaomolu vmbfvmbvufcHjcif; odk@r[kwf vmbfvmbvufcH&ef oabmwljcif;/ (2) qENrJay;&ef odk@r[kwf qENrJray;bJae&ef rJqEN&SifwpfOD;OD;udk aoG;aqmif&efjzpf ap/ aoG;aqmifvkdojzifhtm;xkwf&efjzpfap wpfOD;wpfa,mufolu rdrdtwGuf odk@r[kwf olwpfyg;twGuf vmbfvmbvufcH&efoabmwljcif;? (q) rrSefruefðyvkyfxm;aom a&G;aumufyGJukefusp&dwfaiGpm&if;udk wifjyjcif; okd@r[kwf xkduJhodk@ a&G;aumufyGJukefusp&dwfaiGpm&if;ukd rSefuefonf[k0efcHjcif; odk@r[kwf owfrSwfxm; onfhtwkdif; wifoGif;&efysufuGufjcif;/ (Z) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;r[kwfaom odk@r[kwf ,if;.a&G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,f r[kwfaom tjcm;olwpfOD;OD;u ,if;v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;. cGifhðycsufr&SdbJ v$wf awmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&atmifjzpfap/ a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH& atmiftm;ay;vkdaoma=umifhjzpfap/ tpnf;ta0;usif;yIaomfvnf;aumif;/ pm&Gufpmwrf; rsm;a0iSIaomfvnf;aumif;/ tjcm;wpfenf;enf;jzifhaomfvnfaumif; aiGtukeftuscHjcif; odk@r[kwf ukefus&ef cGifhðyjcif;/ (ps) ykHESdyfol/ xkwfa0olwkd@. trnfae&yfryg&Sdaom a&G;aumufyGJESifhoufqkdifonfh a=umfjim/ pm&Gufpmwrf;/ ykdpwm ponfwkd@udk jzef@csdxkwfa0jcif;jzifh rdrdvkdvm;aom v$wfawmfukd,fpm; vS,favmif;tm; tudsK;&Sdapjcif;/ (n) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; odk@r[kwf ,if;.a&G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,fujzpfap/ ,if;wdk@wpfOD;OD;. oabmwlnDcsuft& tjcm;olwpfOD;ujzpfap v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f avmif;wpfOD; a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&a&;twGuf tultnDukd 0efxrf;wpfOD;OD;xHrS&,ljcif;/ t&,l&eftm;ay;ulnDjcif; odk@r[kwf &,l&eftm;xkwfjcif;/ (Ë) v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;wpfOD; a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&a&;twGuf bmoma&;t xdrf;trSwfrsm;ukd a&G;aumufyGJwGiftokH;ðyjcif; odk@r[kwf vlrdsK;ukdjzpfap/ udk;uG,f&mbmomukd jzpfap ta=umif;ðyrJay;=u&ef odk@r[kwf rJray;bJae=u&ef tpDtpOfðyvsuf v_H@aqmfjcif;/

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(X) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;wpfOD; a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&a&;twGuf ygwDwpfckckudk jzpfap/ yk*~dKvfwpfOD;OD;jzpfap t=urf;zufjcif;/ rrSefruefpGyfpGJjcif;/ a&;om;jcif;/ trsm;jynfol qlylr_jzpfatmifzefwD;jcif;? tcef; (14) a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&jcif;ESifhpyfv#Of;I uef@uGufcsufrsm;udk tqHk;tjzwfay;jcif; 63? a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&jcif;udk uef@uGufvdkygu Ttcef;&SdjyÏmef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD wifoGif; aom a&G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mjzifh uef@uGuf&rnf? 64? (u) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&oltm; uef@uGufaom a&G;aumuf yGJuef@uGufv$mudk rnfonfhv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;urqkd odk@r[kwf rnfonfh rJqEN&Sifurqkd yk'fr 45 t& aumfr&SifuqkH;jzwf+yD;onfhudpP&yfrsm;rSty ESpfouf&m ta=umif;jyI tpdk;&u,if;udpPtvkd@iSmcef@xm;aomyk*~dKvfxHodk@ owfrSwfxm;onfh twdkif; wifoGif;av#mufxm;Ekdifonf/ (c) av#mufxm;olonf rdrd.uef@uGufv$mwGif v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwif ajr‡mufcH&oltm;uef@uGufEkdifonf? rdrdomv#irf Jtrsm;qkH;&I a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&ol jzpfonf[k a=unmap&efawmif;qkdvkdygu atmufygta=umif;jycsufwpf&yf&yfudk tajccH &rnf ²²² (1) av#mufxm;olomv#if ckdfifvkHaomrJtrsm;qkH;&onfrSm trSefjzpfonf[laomt a=umif;jycsuf/ (2) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&ol &&SdaomrJrsm;wGif w&m;rJh ðyusifhr_a=umifh&&Sdaom rJrdsK;ryg&SdcJhaomf av#mufxm;olonf ckdifvkHaomrJtrsm;qkH;udk &Ekdifonf[laom ta=umif;jycsuf? 65?

(u) tpdk;&tzGJ@onf a&G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mrsm;udk ppfaq;&ef tzGJ@0if(3)OD;pDyg0ifaom a&G;aumufyGJckHtzGJ@rsm;udk Oya'ynm&Sifrsm;/ oifhavsmfaomEkdifiHom;rsm;jzifh zGJ@pnf;&rnf/ (c) a&G;aumufyGJckHtzGJ@0ifrsm;twGuf csD;jr‡ifhaiGonf tpdk;&tzGJ@u owfrSwfay;onfhtwkdif; jzpf ap&rnf/ (*) a&G;aumufyGJckHtzGJ@. vkyfief;qkdif&mukefusp&dwfrsm;ukd w&m;¶kH;csKyfu uscH&rnf/ (C) a&G;aumufyGJckHtzGJ@twGuf ae&mxkdifcif;ESifh ,if;[email protected];rsm;twGuf vkdtyfaom 0efxrf;rsm;udk w&m;¶kH;csKyfu pDpOfaqmif&Gufay;&rnf/ (i) a&G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mESifh pyfvsOf;onfh ta&;,laqmif&Guf&ef&Sdaom udpPtm;vkH;ukd a&G;aumufyGJckHtzGJ@rsm;u pDrHaqmif&Guf&rnf/ (p) rJqENe,fwpfe,fwGifusif;yaom a&G;aumufyGJESifhpyfvsOf;I a&G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$m wpfapmifxufykd+yD; wifoGif;v#if tpkd;&tzGJ@ucef@xm;aomyk*~dKvfonf xkduef@uGufv$mtm; vkH;ukd a&G;aumufyGJckHwpfzGJ@wnf;odk@om v$Jtyf&rnf? xkdckHtzGJ@onf xkduef@uGufv$mrsm;udk cGJI jzpfap/ aygif;Ijzpfap rdrdwkd@oabmtwkdif; pkHprf;ppfaq;Ekdifonf/

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(q) cef@xm;+yD;jzpfaom a&G;aumufyGJckHtzGJ@0ifwpfOD;onf ckHtzGJ@0iftjzpfjzifh raqmif&GufEkdifcJh aomf odk@r[kwf pkHprf;ppfaq;aeckdufwGif qufvufraqmif&GufEkdifcJhaomf tpdk&tzGJ@onf tzGJ@ 0ifopfwpfOD;ukd tpm;xkd;cef@xm;&rnf? jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;aom xkdckHtzGJ@onf pkHprf;ppfaq;qJjzpf aom uef@uGufv$mudk topfjyefvnfppfaq;vkdu ppfaq;Ekdifonf? 66? a&G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mrsm;ukd pdppf=um;emaepOf ckHtzJG@onf vkdtyfygu a&S@aecsKyfudkzdwf=um;I Oya't}uH^m%frsm; awmif;cHEkdifonf? a&S@aecsKyfonf rdrdudk,fwkdifckHtzGJ@okd@rvma&mufEkdifygu rdrd udk,fpm;aqmif&Gufap&ef a&S@aecsKyf¶kH;rS oifhavsmfaomOya'0efxrf; tqifh(1)xufredrfhonfh yk*~dKvf tm; ckHtzGJ@okd@ apv$wfaqmif&GufapEkdifonf? 67? a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&olwpfOD;onf atmufygtcsufwpf&yf&yfESifh +idpGef;a=umif;awG@&Sdv#if ,if; tm; v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcJhjcif;onf ysufjy,fa=umif; a&G;aumufyGJckH tzGJ@u qkH;jzwfEkdifonf ² ² ² (u) a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&aomv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fonf w&m;rJhðyusifhr_rsm;jzifh rJtrsm; qHk;udk&,lcJhonf[kaomfvnf;aumif;/ xkdenf;jzifhyif aoG;aqmifI&,lcJhonf[kaomfvnf; aumif;/ a&G;aumufyGJtEkdift¶_H;onf w&m;rJhðyusifhr_rsm;a=umifhomjzpf&onf[k aomfvnf; aumif; ay:vGifxif&Sm;jcif;/ (c) a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&aom v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f.tudsK;iSm w&m;rJhðyusifhr_wpfckck ukdðya=umif;ay:vGifxif&Sm;jcif;/ (*) vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waom a&G;aumufyGJr[kwfa=umif; ay:vGifxif&Sm;jcif;/ (C) vmbfay;vmbf,lr_ðyjcif;/ a&G;aumufr_qkdif&mtcGifhta&;rsm;udk aESmifh,Sufjcif;wkd@ a=umifh vGwfvyfpGmrJay;EkdifcGifh&Sdaom a&G;aumufyGJr[kwfa=umif; ay:vGifxif&Sm;jcif;/ ,if;odk@ðyvkyf r_rsm;a=umifh a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&a=umif; ay:vGifxif&Sm;jcif;/ (i) yk'fr 10 yk'frcGJ (i)/ (ps)/ (n) odk@r[kwf (Ë) yg yk*~dKvf odk@r[kwf tzGJ@tpnf;wpf&yf. tzGJ@ tpnf;0ifjzpfa=umif; ay:vGifxif&Sm;jcif;? 68? a&G;aumufyGJckHtzGJ@u a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&aom v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fonf ,if;. a&G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,fr[kwfaom tjcm;yk*~dKvfwpfOD;OD;.ya,m*a=umifh w&mrJhðyusifhr_wpfckck twGuf tjypf&Sdonf[ktpD&ifcH&mwGif atmufygta=umif;wpf&yf&yft& jzpf&a=umif;xifjrif,lqygu xkd v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftm; a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcJhjcif;onf rysufjy,f[k ckHtzGJ@uqkH;jzwfEkdif onf ² ² ² (u) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;ESifh ,if;.a&G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,fwkd@. oabmwlcGifh ðycsufr&SdbJ usL;vGefcJhaomðyusifhr_jzpfjcif;/ (c) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;ESifh ,if;.a&G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,fwkd@onf a&G;aumufyGJ usif;y&mwGif w&m;rJhðyusifhr_rsm;ukdrðyap&ef wwftm;oa&$@wm;qD;aqmif&GufcJhjcif;/ (*) w&m;rJðyusifhr_rsm;onf a&G;aumufyGJudkrxdckdufaom ao;Ekyft&mra&mufonfh ðyusifhr_ jzpfjcif;/ (C) a&G;aumufyGJonf v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;ESifh ,if;.a&G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,f rsm;. w&m;rJhðyusifhr_uif;&Sif;onf[k xifjrif,lqjcif;? 69? a&G;aumufyGJckHtzGJ@onf uef@uGufcsufrsm;udkppfaq;+yD;aomtcg v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&oludkjzpfap/ a&G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mwifI rdrdudkom a&G;aumufwifajr‡muf - 334 -

cH&oltjzpf a=unmxkdufa=umif; av#mufxm;oludkjzpfap v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumuf wifajr‡mufcH&oljzpfonf rjzpfonfukd tpdk;&tzGJ@xHodk@ tpD&ifcH&rnf? 70? a&G;aumufyGJckHtzGJ@0iftm;vkH;onf [email protected];jzwfcsufyg&Sdaom tpD&ifcHpmukd vufrSwfa&;xkd;I tpdk;&tzGJ@xHodk@ aqmvsifpGmwifoGif;&rnf? tpdk;&tzGJ@onf tpD&ifcHxm;onfhtwkdif;trdef@xkwfI tpD&ifcHpmudk tpdk;&jyefwrf;wGif xkwfjyefa=unm&rnf? tpdk;[email protected]@onf t+yD;tjywfjzpfap &rnf? 71? tpD&ifcHpmYjzpfap/ a&G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mESifhpyfvsOf;aom tjcm;udpPwpf&yf&yfYjzpfap a&G;aumufyGJckHtzGJ@0ifrsm;onf oabmxm;uGJvGJv#if trsm;.oabmqENtwkdif; qkH;jzwfaqmif&Guf &rnf? 72? a&Ga;umufyGJckHtzGJ@onf tr_ppfaq;jcif;udpPESifhpyfvsOf;I w&m;rusifhxkH;Oya't& w&m;¶kH;odk@ tyfESif;xm;aom tm%mrsm;udk&&Sd&rnf? xkd@tjyif ta&;ygaomoufaocHcsufrsm;udk xGufqkdEkdifrnf [k,lqaom rnfonfhyk*~dKvfudkrqkd [email protected];qifhqkdI ppfaq;Ekdifonf? 73? TOya'ygjyÏmef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef@usifapbJ oufaocHOya'yg jyÏmef;csufrsm;onf pkHprf;ppfaq; a&;udpPtm;vkH;ESifh oufqkdifonf[k rSwf,l&rnf? 74? rnfonfhpmcsKyfpmwrf;udkr# owfrSwfonfhtwdkif; wHqdyfacgif;jynfhpkHpGm uyfxm;jcif;r&Sdaom a=umifhaomfvnf;aumif;/ rSwfykHwifjcif;rðyaoma=umifhaomfvnf;aumif; oufaocHtjzpfjzifhvufrcH bJrae&? 75? pkHprf;ppfaq;&mwGif ay:xGufvsuf&Sdaom jiif;csufrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I ar;aomar;cGef;rsm;ukd oufao u ajzqkd&rnf? odk@&mwGif ² ² ² (u) a&G;aumufyGJY qENrJay;cJholtm; rnfol@twGufqENrJay;cJhonfukd xkwfazmf&efrckdif;&/ (c) ar;cGef;wpf&yfrajzqkdbJrae&I ajzqkd&jcif;a=umifh ajzqkdoltm;zrf;qD;jcif;/ w&m;pGJqkdjcif;r ðy& okd@r[kwf ,if;ajzqkdcsufudkta=umif;ðyI rkom;oufaoxGufqkdr_jzifh &mZ0wf a=umif;t& w&m;pGJqkdjcif;rSty tjcm;rnfonfh&mZ0wfr_cif;wGifrS ,if;ajzqkdcsufukd oufaocHtjzpf tokH;rðy&? 76? tr_onfudk,fwkdifjzpfap/ tr_onfudk,fpm;aqmif&Guf&efcef@xm;aom a&S@ae odk@r[kwf udk,fpm; vS,fjzpfap a&G;aumufyGJckHtzGJ@a&S@arSmufodk@ vma&mufaqmif&GufEkdifonf? odk@&mwGif tr_onfudk,f wkdifvma&muf&rnf[k a&G;aumufyGJckHtzGJ@un$ef=um;v#if tr_onfudk,fwkdifvma&muf&rnf? tcef; (15) taxGaxG 77? aumfr&SifESifh aumfr&SiftzGJ@cJGrsm;onf a&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;ESifhpyfvsOf;I vkdtyfaomtultnD rsm;udk tpdk;&.tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;xHrSaomfvnf;aumif;/ tjcm;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifhyk*~dKvfrsm;xHrS aomfvnf; aumif; &,laqmif&GufEkdifonf? - 335 -

78? rnfolrqkd aumfr&SifESifh aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;wGif tzGJ@0iftjzpfaomfvnf;aumif;/ a&G;aumufyGJ wm0efrsm;ukdxrf;aqmifaom 0efxrf;tjzpfaomfvnf;aumif; yg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;onf EkdifiHawmf. wm0efukdxrf;aqmifjcif;[k rSwf,l&rnf? 79? aumfr&SifESifh aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJtqifhqifhESifh a&G;aumufyGJckHtzGJ@wkd@. aqmif&Gufcsuf odk@r[kwf qkH;jzwfcsufESifhpyfvsOf;I TOya'ygjyÏmef;csufrsm;rSwpfyg; rnfonfhw&m;¶kH;wGifrS ppfaq;ykdifcGifhr&Sdap &? 80? w&m;0iftyfESif;xm;aom vkyfydkifcGifht& Oya'ESifhtnD rdrdwm0efukd oabm¶kd;jzifh EkdifpGrf;or#xrf; aqmifaom aumfr&SifESifhaumfr&SiftzGJ@0ifrsm;/ aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJtqifhqifhESifh ,if;[email protected]@0ifrsm;/ a&G; aumufyGJckHtzGJ@/ a&G;aumufyGJckHtzGJ@0ifrsm;/ rJ¶kHr–;tygt0if rJ¶kHtzGJ@0ifrsm;. vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;twGuf w&m;ra=umif;t&jzpfap/ &mZ0wfa=umif;t&jzpfap w&m;pGJqkdjcif;rcHxkdufap&? 81? aumfr&SSifonf TOya'ygjyÏmef;csufrsm;udk xajrmufatmifjrifpGmaqmif&GufEkdif&eftvkd@iSm vkdtyf aom enf;Oya'rsm;/ vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;/ trdef@rsm;/ !$ef=um;csufrsm;ukd xkwfjyefEkdifonf? 82?

atmufyg Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;udk TOya'jzifh ¶kyfodrf;vdkufonf ² ² ² (u) jynfol@v$wfawmfESifh jynfol@aumifpDtqifhqifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;qdkif&m Oya'? ( 1976 ckESpf/ jynfol@v$wfawmf Oya'trSwf 8 )? (c) jynfol@v$wfawmfESifh jynfol@aumifpDtqifhqifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;qdkif&m enf;Oya' rsm;? ( 1976 ckESpf/ jynfol@v$wfawmf enf;Oya'rsm; trSwf 6 )?

ÙÙÙÙÙ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya'udk jyifqifonfhOya' (EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ Oya'trSwf 10§91) 1353 ckESpf/ yxr0gqdkvjynfhausmf 14 &uf (1991 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv 10 &uf) EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf atmufygOya'udk jyXmef;vdkufonf? 1? TOya'udk jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya'udk jyifqifonfhOya'[k ac:wGifap&rnf?

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2? TOya'onf jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya' jyXmef;onfh 1989 ckESpf/ arv 31 &ufae@rSpI tm%mwnfonf[k rSwf,l&rnf? 3? jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya'yk'fr 11 wGif atmufygwdk@udk yk'frcGJ (n) ESihf (É) tjzpf jznfhpGuf& rnf ² ² ² (n) EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u tcgtm;av#mfpGmowfrSwfa=unmaom +idrf0yf ydjym;r_qdkif&mjypfr_jzifhjzpfap/ tusifhpm&dwWysufjym;r_qdkif&mjypfr_jzifhjzpfap/ jypfr_xif¶Sm;pD&ifcH&jcif;/ (É) yk'frcGJ(n)t& owfrSwfa=unmcsufwGifyg0ifjcif;r¶Sdaom jypfr_wpfckckjzifh jypfr_xif¶Sm;pD&ifjcif; cH&v#if ,if;jypfr_onf +idrf0yfydjym;r_qdkif&mjypfr_ odk@r[kwf tusifhpm&dwWysufjym;r_qdkif&mjypfr_jzpf a=umif; EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@. qHk;jzwfcH&jcif;? 4? jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya'wGif atmufygwdk@udk yk'fr 80-u/ 80-c/ 80-* ESifh 80-C tjzpf jznfhpGuf&rnf ² ² ² 80-u? EdkifiHawmfopPmazmufzsufykefuefr_jzifhjzpfap/ ao'%f odk@r[kwf wpfoufwpfu|ef;'%f xdkufaomjypfr_jzifhjzpfap/ jypfr_xif¶Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&ojzifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf qufvuf &yfwnfydkifcGifhr¶Sda=umif;/ aumfr¶Sifua=unmcH&olonf aemifwGifjyKvkyfonfh a¶G;aumufyGJrsm; wGif v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifh r¶Sdap&? 80-c? yk'fr 80-u yg jypfr_rsm;rSty tjcm;jypfr_wpfckckjzifh jypfr_xif¶Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&ojzifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf qufvuf&yfwnfydkifcGifhr¶Sda=umif;/ aumfr¶Sifua=unmcH&olonf a=unmonfhae@rS 10 ESpftwGif; jyKvkyfonfha¶G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; tjzpf yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifh r¶Sdap&? 80-*? v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcJhjcif;onf ysufjy,fa=umif;/ a¶G; aumufyGJcHktzGJ@uqHk;jzwfI tpdk;&tzGJ@utrde@f xkwfjyefa=unmjcif; cH&olonfvnf;aumif;/ owf rSwfxm;onfhtwdkif; a¶G;aumufyGJukefusp&dwfpm&if;wifoGif;&ef ysufuGufojzifh t&nftcsif; ysuf,Gif;onf[k a¶G;[email protected];jzwfcH&+yD;/ aumfr¶Sifu t&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;ol[k a=u nmjcif;cH&aom v$wfawmfudkf,fpm;vS,f odk@r[kwf a¶G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,fonf vnf;aumif;/ a=unmonfhae@rS 10 ESpftwGif;jyKvkyfonfha¶G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; tjzpf yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifh r¶Sdap&? 80-C? TOya't&jzpfap TOya't&jyKvkyfaom enf;Oya'rsm;t&jzpfap t&nftcsif;ysuf ,Gif;oljzpfa=umif; aumfr¶Sifua=unmjcif;cH&onfh ¶H_;edrfhv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; odk@r[kwf a¶G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,fonf a=unmonfhae@rS 5 ESpftwGif;jyKvkyfonfh a¶G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifh r¶Sdap&? ÙÙÙÙÙ - 337 -

EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@trdef@ ( trdef@trSwf 4§91 ) 1353 ckESpf/ yxr0gqdkvjynfhausmf 14 &uf (1991 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv 10 &uf) jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya'yg +idrf0yfydjym;r_qdkif&mjypfr_ESifh tusifhpm&dwWysufjym;r_ESifhywfoufaomjypfr_rsm;udk owfrSwfonfh trdef@ 1? jynfol@vGwfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr 11/ yk'frcGJ (n)wGif v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a¶G; aumufwifajr‡mufcH&+yD;aemuf EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u tcgtm;av#mfpGm owfrSwf a=unmaom +idrf0yfydjym;r_qdkif&mjypfr_jzifhjzpfap/ tusifhpm&dwWysufjym;r_qdkif&mjypfr_jzifhjzpfap jypfr_xif¶Sm; pD&ifcH&jcif;jzpfygu v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfqufvuf&yfwnfydkifcGifhr¶Sda=umif; jyXmef;xm;ygonf? 2? jypfr_wpfpHkwpf&mjzifh jypfr_xif¶Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&aom v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf tqdkyg Oya' jyXmef;csuft& v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfqufvuf&yfwnfydkifcGifh ¶Sd r¶SdESifh pyfv#Of;I ,if;wdk@usL;vGefcJh aom jypfr_onf +idrf0yfydjym;r_ESifhaomfvnf;aumif;/ tusifhpm&dwWysufjym;r_ESifhaomfvnf;aumif; pyfv#Of; onfh jypfr_ [kwfr[kwf owfrSwfay;&ef jyXmef;xm;onfhtav#muf +idrf0yfydjym;r_qdkif&mjypfr_ESifh tusifh pm&dwWysufjym;r_qdkif&mjypfr_ trsdK;tpm;rsm;udk EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u atmufyg twdkif; owfrSwfvdkufonf ² ² ² (u) +idrf0yfydjym;r_qdkif&m jypfr_rsm;? (1) EdkifiHawmf opPmazmufzsuf ykefuefr_/ (2) EdkifiHawmftpdk;&tm; t=unfndKysufatmif jyKvkyfr_/ (3) EdkifiHawmf opPmazmufzsuf ykefuefr_}uD;ESifh pyfv#Of;I xdrfcsefjcif;/ (4) 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya't& jypfr_rsm;/ (5) tpdk;&v#dK@0Sufcsuf tufOya't& jypfr_rsm;/ (6) vufeufr_rsm;/ (7) jynfyodk@ w&m;r0if xGufcGmr_/ jynfyrS w&m;r0if 0ifa&mufr_/ (c) tusifhpm&dwWysufjym;r_qdkif&m jypfr_rsm;? (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

cdk;r_/ vk,ufr_/ "m;jyr_/ vdrfvnfr_/ tvGJoHk;pm;r_/ r,m;cdk;r_/ rk'drf;r_/ - 338 -

(8) vlcdk;r_/ aoG;aqmifqGJac:r_/ tEdkiftxufcdkif;apr_/ (9) trsdK;orD; um,da¹ENysufpD;ap&eft}uHESifh vufa&mufr_ (odk@r[kwf) tEdkiftxufjyr_/ (10) yÉdoaE
EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;

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trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf ¶Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ trsdK;om;vl@tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD - 339 -

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OD;atmifa&$onf r&rf;ukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(20712)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(66²62)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? 1918 ckESpf/ arv (19)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;zdk;uGef;.om;jzpfonf? OD;atmifa&$onf 1940 jynfh ESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfrS bDatbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1942 ckESpfrS 1945 ckESpftxd AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;OD;aqmif aom ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtdkifat)/ ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf(bD'Dat)ESifhArmhrsdK;cspfwyfr awmf(yDbDtufzf)wdk@wGifyg0ifcJhI vGwfvyfa&;}udK;yrf;r_wGif +Adwdo#e,fcsJ@ESifh*syefzufqpfwdk@ukd awmfvSefcJh onf? 1945 ckESpfrS 1961 ckESpftxd wyfrawmf(=unf;)wGif udk,fydkiftrSwf(3505)jzifh Adkvf}uD;tqifhrSpI wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh&m Adkvfr–;}uD;/ ppfaxmufcsKyf/ Adkvfr–;csKyf/ wkdif;r–;tqifhtxdaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1959 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (25)&ufae@rS 1961 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (15)&ufae@twGif; awmifydkif;wkdif;ppfXmecsKyf wGifwkdif;r–;tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf a&G;aumufyJGYbufvdkufcJha=umif;pdppfawG@&Sd&ojzifh[kqdkum 1961 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (13)&ufae@ &mxl;cef@xm;a&;tzJG@tpnf;ta0;rS wyfrawmfwGifppfr_xrf;jcif;rS t+idrf; pm;,lcGifhjyKcJhonf? 1961 ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd jrefrmEkdifiHqdkif&moHtrwf}uD; =opa=w;vs/ (e,l;ZDvef) ygyl;wGJI/ tD*spf/ jyifopf/ (pydfefESifh,leufpukd)tzJG@wkd@ygyl;wGJwm0ef,lI/ 1975 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@ESifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwdk@wGif A[dkOuUXwm0ef,lcJhonf? (2) OD;oef;xGef; (trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf)

twGif;a&;rª;

OD;oef;xGef;onf awmifom+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(30086)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(70²38)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? a&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1990 jynfhESpf/ ZGefv (6)&ufae@wGif a}unmcsuftrSwf (609)jzifh rEWav;wkdif;/ awmifom+rdK@e,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf(2)rS a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif; cH&aom jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fjzpfa}umif;/ jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr(41)/ yk'fr cGJ(8)ESifhtnDa}unmtyfygonf[k azmfjya=unmcJhonf? 1922 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (10)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;zdk;rif;.om;jzpfonf? OD;oef;xGef;onf 1937 ckESpfrS 1941 ckESpftxd (10)wef;ausmif;om;/ jrif;+cH ausmif;om;or*~tr_aqmif/ 1942 ckESpfrS 1946 ckESpftxd ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bD/ tkdif/ at) tkyf csKyfa&;0if zufqpfawmfvSefa&; jrif;+cHc±dkifwm0efcH/ 1946 ckESpfrS 1953 ckESpftxd jrif;+cHc±dkif z-q-y-v twGif;a&;r–;/ 1947 ckESpfrS 1958 ckESpftxd wkdif;ðyjynfðyv$wfawmftrwf/ ygvDreftrwf/ ygvDrHtwGif;0ef/ 1953 ckESpfrS 1962 ckESpftxd tvkyform; tpnf;t±Hk;rsm;tzJG@csKyf-ArmEdkifiH(wD-,l-pD-bD) twGif;a&;r–;/ 1964 ckESpfwGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD0if/ 1964 ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd ukefoG,fa&;(4)tzJG@0if/ - 340 -

trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dktvkyftr_aqmif/ txufArmjynfpnf;¶Hk;a&;wm0efcH/ A[kdktvkyform; tzJG@acgif;aqmifwm0ef,lcJhonf? (3) OD;at;omatmif (&cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf)

twGif;a&;rª;

&cdkifjynfe,f/ rif;jym;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme/ t}uD;pm;pufr_vkyfief;aumfydka&; ¶Sif; wGif 'kt&mcHAdkvftjzpftr_xrf;cJhonf? 1974 ckESpf/ tvkyform;ta&;tcif;wGif yg0ifcJhojzifh zrf;qD; xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD;/ tvkyfrSxkwfy,fcHcJh&onf? &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. wGJzuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª; jzpfonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwDwGif rlvu ¶Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ &cdkif'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf/ rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@/ ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*[email protected],fpm;vS,ftjzpfyg0ifcJhonf? 2000 jynfhESpf/ {+yDv (24)&ufae@wGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; ZGefv (21)&ufae@ wGif 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya'/ yHkESdyfolrsm;ESifhxkwfa0olrsm;rSwfyHkwifOya'rsm;t& axmif '%f(21)ESpfcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&onf? (4) OD;wifOD; (trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf)

tzGJ@0if

tz OD;armif}udKif/ trD a':jrwifwdk@rS 1927 ckESpf/ rwfv (12)&uf ¡ 1288 ckESpf/ waygif;vqef; (10)&uf ¢ {&m0wDwdkif;/ ykodrf+rdK@/ a&ausmf}uD;¶GmwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? ykodrf+rdK@/ A[dktrsdK;om;txufwef; ausmif;wGif rlvwef;rS(10)wef;atmifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 'kwd,urBmppf}uD;pwif jzpfyGm;pOf awm¶GmwGifppfab;'%fa¶SmifaepOfzcifuG,fvGefcJhojzifh acwWudk&if0wf+yD;aemuf (10)wef; atmifjrifonf txd qufvufynmoif=um;cJhonf? ykodrf+rdK@/ A[dktrsdK;om; txufwef;ausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;aepOf 1936§38 ckESpf/ wEdkifiHvHk;ausmif;om;oydwfjzpf+yD;/ ausmif;rSjyKvkyfonfh pDwef;vSnfhvnfqENjyyGJrsm;wGif yg0ifv_yf¶Sm;cJhonf? ausmif;rSOD;pD;zGJ@onfhyifeDvli,f wyfzGJ@wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 1943 ckESpfaemufydkif;/ touf(16)ESpfjynfht+yD;wGif ppfxJ0if&eftwGuf &efukef+rdK@odk@a&muf¶SdcJh+yD;/ ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf/ ppf0ef}uD;¶kH;/ A[dkuif;wyf(,ck y'krRmuGif;ae&m)wGif wyfom;tjzpfpwif0if a&mufcJhonf? Adkvfoifwef;ausmif;wuf&eftwGuft&nftcsif;ppfpmar;yGJESihf ppf0ef}uD;¶kH;vlawGppfaq;r_ ajzqkdcH,l+yD;r=umrD 0ifqmwef;vsm;(,ckorRwtdrfawmf0ef;twGif;)wGifzGifhvSpfxm;onfh tcsufjyavhusifh a&;wyf&if;wGifoifwef;wufaepOf r*Fvm'kH wwd,ygwfAdkvfoifwef;ausmif;( Third Bath of Officer Training School ) odk@Adkvfavmif;oifwef;wufcGifh&cJhonf? 1944 ckESpf/ Ekd0ifbmv (10)&ufae@wGif wwd,ygwfAdkvfoifwef;qif+yD; ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmfwGif jyefwrf;0ift&m&SdtvkyfoifAdkvf(rDem¶dkuf &Sdcef;)/ wvkdif;okH;yGifhtxl;=u,fjzifh&mxl;cef@tyfjcif;cH&onf? wyfrawmfjyefvnfzGJ@pnf;ay;rnfhtpDtpOft& rsdK;cspfwyfrawmfzsufodrf;onfhtcg Zmwd&Gmodk@jyef vmcJhonf? 1946 ckESpfwGifwuUodkvfqufwuf&ef &efukefòrd@odk@jyefvmcJhonf? &efukefòrd@odk@a&muf&Sd+yD; rdsK;cspf wyfrawmfXmecsKyfzGifhvSpfxm;&m avmif;0pfpfvrf;(,cktif;,m;òrdifvrf;/ rif;uGefawm&bkef}uD;ausmif; 0ef;)wGif ArmhwyfrawmftwGufjyefwrf;0ift&m&Sdrsm;/ uENDpmcsKyft&a&G;cs,fcef@xm;aeonfhowif;=um;I oGm;a&mufpkHprf;&m rlvwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonfhawmfvSefa&;wkdif;trSwf(4)/ wyf&if;(102)pm&if;wGif aemif jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;rnfhArmhwyfrawmfwGif wkduf&kdufjyefwrf;0ift&m&Sdtjzpf(odk@)t*Fvdyfbk&ifhppfwuUodkfvfwGif Adkvfavmif;tjzpfausmif;wuf&efaxmufcHxm;ojzifh t&m&Sdtjzpfjyefvnfav#mufxm;cJh&m (=unf; 3651) 'kwd,Adkvf(Second Lieutenant)tjzpfcef@tyfcHcJh&onf? xkd@aemuf jrif;+cHòrd@&Sd +Adwdo#ppfwyfrSppft&m&Sd rsm;oif=um;ay;onfh tajccHppfynmoifwef;wufa&muf&onf? xkd@aemuf 1946 ckESpfqef;wGif aròrd@(,ck jyifOD;vGif)wGift&m&Sdi,frsm;oifwef;odk@wufa&muf&onf? - 341 -

1947 ckESpf/ Ekd0ifbmvwGif puFmyl&Sd +Adwdo#ta&S@zsm;wyfrsm;qkdif&mXmecsKyfrSOD;pD;zGifhvSpfonfh ppfqifa&;avhusifhr_oifwef;odk@ 1948 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dvv,ftxdwufa&mufcJh&onf? 1950 ckESpfwGif w&kwfjynf,leefe,fawmifykdif;&Sd w&kwfjzL(ulrifwef)wyfrsm;/ w&kwfjynfol@wyf rawmf.xkd;ppfqifwkdufckdufr_a=umifh jrefrmEkdifiHodk@usL;ausmf0ifa&mufvmcJhonfudk&Gwf&Gwfc|Hc|HckcHwkdufcdkuf cJhonfhtwGuf ol&bGJ@OD;jr‡ifhjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1964 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (12)&ufae@wGif awmfvSefa&;aumifpDa=unmcsuftrSwf(59)jzifh taemuf awmifwdkif;ppfXmecsKyfwdkif;rª;/ Adkvfrª;}uD;wifOD;tm; awmfvSefa&;aumifpD0iftjzpf cef@tyfcJhonf? 1972 ckESpf/ {+yDv (20)&ufae@wGif awmfvSefa&;aumifpDrS a=unmcsuftrSwf(100)jzifh Adkvfrª;csKyf wifOD;tm; umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme/ 'kwd,0ef}uD;tjzpf wm0efay;tyfcJhonf? 1974 ckESpf/ rwfv (3)&ufae@wGif jynfaxmifpkqdk¶S,fvpforRwjrefrmEdkifiHawmf jynfol@v$wfawmf yxrt}udrftpnf;ta0;rS Adkvfrª;csKyfwifOD;tm; umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme/ 0ef}uD;tjzpf wm0efay;tyfcJh onf? 1974 ckESpf/ ukvor*~taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r–;csKyfa[mif;OD;oef@Zmyeta&;tcif;/ 1976 ckESpf/ tvkyform;ta&;tcif;rsm;wGif jynfolvlxktxdtcdkufenf;atmifaqmif&GufcJhojzifh jynfolvlxk. =unf ndKav;pm;r_cHcJh&onf? 1974 ckESpfrS 1976 ckESpftxd umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf(1-3-74§6-3-76)ESifhumuG,fa&;0ef}uD;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1976 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (10)&ufae@wGif tif;pdefòrd@/ tusOf;axmifteD;&Sdtxl;w&m;¶kH;wGif &efukefwkdif;w&m;ol}uD;tzGJ@ OuUÏ OD;tkef;armif/ tzGJ@0ifrsm;tjzpf OD;jrwfwkd;/ OD;armifarmif0if;wkd@yg0ifonfh &efukefwkdif;w&m;ol}uD;tzGJ@okd@ jynfol@&JwyfzGJ@/ owif;wyfzGJ@r–;¶kH;/ &Jr–;OD;pdk;jrifhu EkdifiHawmfacgif;aqmifrsm; tm;vkyf}uHowfjzwf&efpDpOfaqmif&Gufr_/ jrefrmhqkd&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDtm;zsuf&ef}uHpnfr_ESifh tm;ay;ulnD r_wdk@jzifh Adkvf}uD;tkef;ausmfjrifhESifhAdkvf}uD;0if;odef;wdk@tm;EdkifiHawmfykefuefr_tjzpfw&m;pGJqdk&mwGif odv#uf xdefcsefcJhonf[kqkdumxnfhoGif;w&m;pGJqkdjcif;cHcJh&I oufaotaxmuftxm;r&SdyJaxmif'%f(7)ESpftjypf ay;cHcJh&onf? 1980 jynfhESpfwGifvGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifhjzifhaxmifrSjyefv$wfonf? vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifhjzifhaxmifrSvGwfvm+yD;aemuf omoemabmifokd@ (2)ESpfcef@0ifa&mufchJonf? xkd@aemuf vlxGuf+yD;Oya'ynmahvmoif,lqnf;yl;cJh&m 1984§86 ckESpfrsm;twGif; rSwfykHwifa&S@ae [R.L.] atmifvufrSwf&cJhonfhtjyif Oya'ynmbGJ@ [LL.B.] yg&&SdcJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (27)&ufae@eHeufykdif;wGif &efukefòrd@/ AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;vrf;/ taxGaxG a&m*gukaq;¶kH}uD;/ ta&;ay:Xmea&S@Yvlxktpnf;ta0;yGJwGif'Drdkua&pDjyefvnf&¶Sda&;twGuf pnf;¶Hk;a[m ajymcJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (29) &ufae@eHeuf(10)em&DwGif A[ef;òrd@/ 0*Fbmvrf;/ +cHtrSwf(10) aetdrfwGiftzGJ@0if(21)OD;jzifhzGJ@pnf;cJhonfh 'Drkdua&pDESifh+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@(,m,D)wGif taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r–; tjzpfyg0ifcJh+yD;/ pufwifbmv (10)&ufae@wGifEkwfxGufchJonf? 1988 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (8)&ufae@wGifzGJ@pnf;cJhonfh wyfrawmfwyfr–;a[mif;rsm;ESifh&Jabmfa[mif; rsm;tzGJ@wGif 'kwd,OuUÏtjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1988 ckESpf pufwifbmv (24)&ufae@wGifzGJ@pnf;cJh+yD;/ (27)&ufae@wGifw&m;0ifrSwfykHwifcJhonfh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif 'kwd,OuUÏjzpfvmcJh+yD;/ xdkESpf'DZifbmv (10)&ufae@wGif OuUXjzpfol OD;atmif}uD;E_wfxGufoGm;ojzifh/ OuUÏ jzpfvmcJhonf? 1989 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (20)&ufae@wGif EkdifiHawmftm;aESmifh,SufzsufqD;vkdolrsm;. ab;tEW&m,frS umuG,fapmifha&SmifonfhOya't&ta&;,lcHcJh&+yD; 'DZifbmv(22)&ufae@wGiftxl;ppfckH¶kH;trSwf(5)rStvkyf ESifhaxmif'%f(3)ESpfuscHap&ef jypf'%fcsrSwfcJhonf? jypf'%fjynfhumeD;wGif aemufxyfppfckH¶kH;twifcH&+yD;

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,cifupGJqdkcJhonfhpGJcsuftwdkif;aemuf xyfaxmif'%f(7)ESpfcsrSwfcHcJh&onf? 1995 ckESpf/ rwfvwGif axmif rSjyefvGwfonf? 2000 jynfhESpf/ =o*kwfv (24)&ufae@wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª; a': atmifqef;pk=unf/ tzGJ@csKyfacgif;aqmifESifhvli,ftcsdK@wdk@EiS fhtwl/ aumhrª;+rdK@ESifhuGrf;+cHukef;+rdK@rsm;odk@ ygwD pnf;¶Hk;a&;vkyfief;rsm;vkyfaqmif&eftoGm;/ 'v+rdK@txGufwGif tm%mydkifrsm;.wm;jrpfydwfqdk@[ef@wm;jcif; cHcJh&I/ (9)&uft=um pufwifbmv (1)&ufae@nOfhoef;aumifwGif twif;t"rRcsKyfaESmifzrf;qD;+yD; aetdrf odk@jyefydk@cHcJh&+yD;/ aetdrftus,fcsKyfjzifh 2000 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (14)&ufae@txdaecJh&onf? 2000 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (22)&ufae@wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unfESifhtwl rEWav;+rdK@odk@rD;&xm;jzifhc&D;oGm;&ef/ &efukefblwm}uD;odk@a&muf¶SdpOf tm%m ydkifrsm;rS[ef@wm;+yD;/ zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifI &JrGefwyfpcef;wGifxdef;odrf;xm;cJhonf? aemufydkif;wGif aetdrfjyefydk@ Itus,fcsKyfcsxm;+yD;/ 2001 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (26)&ufae@naeydkif;wGifrS aetdrftus,fcsKyfjzifhxdef;odrf; xm;jcif;udkjyefvnf¶kyfodrf;ay;cJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ arv (30)&ufae@wGif ucsifjynfe,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;c&D;pOftwGif;/ ppfudkif;wdkif;/ a¶$bdkc¶dkif/ 'DyJ,if;+rdK@teD; tm%mydkifrsm;rS pepfwuswif}udKjyifqifwdkufcdkufcJhonfh/ aoG;acsmif;pD;vkyf}uHowfjzwf wdkufcdkufr_twGif; toufraoyJzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;cHcJh&+yD;/ ppfudkif;wdkif;/ uav;axmifwGifxdef;odrf;xm;&mrS 2004 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (14)&ufae@nydkif;wGif &efukef+rdK@aetdrfodk@jyefydk@jcif;cHcJh&+yD;/ tus,fcsKyfjzifhquf vufxdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onfrSm,ae@wdkifjzpfonf? (5) a':atmifqef;pk=unf (trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf)

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1945 ckESpf/ ZGefv (19)&ufae@wGif &efukef+rdK@YarG;zGm;cJhonf? AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifha':cif=unf [email protected];jzpfonf? zcif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;vkyf}uHcH&pOfu(2)ESpforD;t¶G,fjzpfonf? 1949 ckESpfrS 1957 ckESpftxd &efukef+rdK@ pdef@z&efppfuGefAifhausmif;wGifynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1957 ckESpfrS 1960 jynfhESpftxd &efukef+rdK@ t*Fvdyfrufo'pfuGefAifhausmif;wGif qufvufynm oif=um;cJhonf? 1960 jynfhESpfwGif rdcifjzpfola':cif=unf tdENd,EdkifiHqdkif&mjrefrmEdkifiHoHtrwf}uD;tjzpf cef@tyf jcif;cH&ojzifh rdcifESifhtwltdENd,EdkifiH e,l;a'vD+rdK@odk@vdkufygcJhonf? a&¶_ESifhar&DuGefbifhausmif;(Convent of Jesus and Mary)ESifh av'D¶S,f&D&rfaumvdyf(Lady Shri Ram College)wdk@Yqufvufynmoif=um; onf? 1962-63 ckESpfrsm;wGif a'vDwuUodkvfY EdkifiHa&;ody`Hbmom&yfudkavhvmqnf;yl;cJhonf? 1964-67 ckESpfrsm;wGif atmufpzdk@wuUodkvf¶Sd[l@pfaumvdyfY '\eduaA'/ EdkifiHa&;ody`HESifhpD;yGm; a&;ynm&yfrsm;udkavhvmqnf;yl;cJh+yD; 0dZ…m*k%fxl;bGJ@udk&¶SdcJhonf? 1968 ckESpfwGif vef'efwuUodkvf ta¶S@wdkif;ESifhtmz&duavhvma&;Xme/ EdkifiHa&;ody`HXmeY okaw oevufaxmuftjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1969-71 ckESpfrsm;wGif e,l;a,muf ukvor*~taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;csKyf¶Hk;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;ESifhb¾m a&;qdkif&mudpP&yfrsm;t}uHay;aumfrwD(Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, United Nations Secretariat, New York)wGif vufaxmuftwGif;a&;rª;tjzpf wm0efxrf; aqmifcJhonf? 1972 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (1)&ufae@wGif a'gufwmrdkufu,ftJ&pfESifhvufxyfcJhonf? (a'gufwmrdkuf u,ftJ&pfonf+Adwdo#vlrsdK;wOD;jzpfonf? atmufpzdk@wuUodkvfrSynm¶SifwOD;jzpf+yD;/ ajrmufydkif;Ak'
,if;ynm&yfESifhoufqdkif;aom pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;udkvnf;a&;om;jyKpkxkwfa0cJhonf?) a'gufwmrdkufu,f tJ&pfESifh om;ESpfa,mufxGef;um;cJhonf? om;}uD; tvufZef;'g;(c)jrifhqef;atmifESifh om;i,f uifrf(c) xdefvif;wdk@jzpfonf? 1972-73 ckESpfrsm;wGif blwefEdkifiH EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;¶kH;wGif ukvor*~udpPrsm;qdkif&mt}uHay; t&m¶Sdtjzpfwm0efxrf; aqmifcJhonf? 1975-77 ckESpfrsm;wGif atmufpzdk@wuUodkvf abmh'vD,efpm=unfhwdkufY jrefrmpmtkyfESifhayyk& ydk'fuufwavmufjyKpkolynm¶Siftjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1985-86 ckESpfrsm;wGif *syefEdkifiHusdKwdkwuUodkvf ta¶S@awmiftm¶Sqdkif&mavhvma&;XmewGif okawoeynm¶Siftjzpf oGm;a&mufokawoejyKcJhonf? 1987 ckESpfwGif tdENd,EdkifiH qif;rvm;+rdK@¶Sd txl;avhvmokawoejyKa&; tdENd,ody`HXmewGif okawoeynm¶Siftjzpf okawoejyKcJhonf? 1987 ckESpfwGif vef'efwuUodkvf ta¶S@wdkif;ESifhtmz&duavhvma&;XmewGif wifoGif;&ef bGJ@vGef pmwrf;wapmifudkjyKpkv#uf¶Sdonf? ,if;pmwrf;trnfrSm (1910-1940 ckESpftwGif; jrefrmpmaywGif ¶dk;&m tpOftvmtopfjzpfay:xGef;um;r_ESifh trsdK;om;a&;0g')[lIjzpfonf? 1988 ckESpf jrefrmjynfodk@jyefvmonfhtcg vef'efwuUodkvfta¶S@wdkif;ESifhtmz&duavhvma&;Xme wGifavhvmjcif;udk&yfem;vdkuf&onf? 1989 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (20)&ufae@rSpI EdkifiHawmftm; aESmifh,SufzsufqD;vdkolrsm;. ab;tEW&m,f rS umuG,fapmifha¶Smufonfh Oya'yk'fr 10(c)t& a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; aetdrfwGifwm;qD;rdef@xkwf jyefI wm;qD;xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? aetdrftus,fcsKyfjzifh xdef;odrf;jcif;cHae&pOf 1989 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (22)&ufae@wGif ygwDpHk'Drdk ua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJwGif yg0if,SOf+ydKifrnfjzpfa=umif; ausnmcJhonf?

EdkifiHa&;}udK;yrf;r_rsm;a=umifh 20-7-98 ae@rSpI xdef;odrf;cHcJh&ygonf? txdef;odrf;cHae& v#ufESifhyif rdrdtzGJ@csKyf. 'Drdkua&pDenf;vrf;t&qHk;jzwfcsufudk av;pm;aomtm;jzifh‚if;/ wdkif;ol jynfom;wdk@. trSefw&m;ESifhudkufnDaom vdktyfcsufrsm;udk wwfpGrf;oa¶G@ ulnDjznfhpGufvdkaom a=umifh‚if;/ 'Drdkua&pDudkvdkvm;aom jynfolvlx}k uD;.ZGJowWdudk *k%fjyKaomtm;jzifh‚if; 1989 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv A[ef;+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; pDppfa¶G;cs,fa&;tzGJ@. qHk;jzwfcsufudkvdkufemI a¶G;aumufyGJwGif yg0if,SOf+ydKifvdkolwOD;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoGif;vdkufygonf? atmifqef;pk=unf 22-12-89

odk@aomf wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDtm;udk,fpm;jyKI &efukefwdkif;/ A[ef;+rdK@e,f rJqEN e,ftrSwf(1)wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unfESifh,SOf+ydKif&eftqdkjyKxm;jcif;cH&ol OD;vbef*a&mifrS uef@uGufv$m wifoGif;cJh&m yef;qdk;wef;trSwf(1)wGif zGifhvSpfppfaq;cJhonfh &efukefwdkif;a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufyGJusif;ya&; aumfr¶SifrSvufcHppfaq;I a¶G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr 10 (i)jzifhndpGef;onf[kqdkum a':atmifqef;pk=unf. trnfpm&if;wifoGif;v$mudky,fcscJhojzifh 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcGifhr&¶SdyJjzpfcJh&onf? 1991 ckESpftwGuf+idrf;csrf;a&;EdkbJvfqkcsD;jr‡ifhjcif;cH&onf? 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (10)&ufae@wGif aemfa0EdkifiH/ atmfpvdk+rdK@awmfwGifusif;yonfh qkcsD;jr‡ifhyGJtcrf;tem;odk@udk,fwdkifrwufa&mufEdkifojzifh om; }uD;jzpfol jrifhqef;atmifu rdcifudk,fpm;wufa&mufqk,lcJhonf? 1995 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (10)&ufae@wGif aetdrt f us,fcsKyftjzpfwm;qD;xm;onfhtrdef@tm; tm%m ydkifrsm;rS ¶kyfodrf;ay;cJhonf?

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e,l;a,muftajcpdkuf “rpf” (MS) r*~Zif;rS 1995 ckESpftwGuf trsdK;orD;xl;c|efqk (12)OD;a¶G;cs,f cJh&mwGif a':atmifqef;pk=unfyg0ifonf? 2000 jynfhESpf/ rwfv (18)&ufae@wGif tdkif,mvefEdkifiH/ 'AŠvif+rdK@(Dublin)wGif a':atmifqef;pk =unftm; 'AŠvif+rdK@awmf“vGwfvyfa&;qk”*k%fjyKcsD;jr‡ifhcJhonf? olrudk,fpm; om;i,fxdefvif;(Kim Aris)rS qkvufcH,lcJhonf? *k%fjyKrSwfwrf;v$mtm; a':atmifqef;pk=unfudk,fwdkif wufa&mufvufrSwf a&;xdk;Edkifonfhtcsdeftxd apmifhqdkif;xm;rnfjzpfonf? awmiftmz&duorRwa[mif; rpPwmref'Jvm;tm; qkcsD;jr‡ifhcJhpOfuvnf; tvm;wl udk,fwdkifvufrw S fa&;xdk;Edkifonftxd rSwfwrf;v$mwGifcsefvSyfxm;cJhbl; onf? tqdkygqkudk tar&dueforRwa[mif;rsm;jzpf=uonfh rpPwm*|eftufzfuae'D/ rpPwmbDvfuvifwef/ 'kwd,ajrmufykwf &[ef;rif;}uD;*|efaygvfESihf rmomx&Dqmwkd@tm; csD;jr‡ifhcJh+yD;jzpfonf? ouU&mZf 2000 ckESpftwGuf tdkif,mvefEdkifiH+rdK@awmf 'AŠviftkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJ@rSay;tyfonfh +rdK@ awmf*k%fxl;aqmifqk a':atmifqef;pk=unfESifhyl;wGJ&¶SdcJhol a&mhcfaw;oH¶SifbdkEdkESifhtzGJ@rS a':atmifqef;pk =unftm; *k%fjyKpyfqdkxm;onfh "Walk On" aw;oDcsif; 2002 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (27)&ufae@u tar&d uefEdkifiH *&rfrDaw;*Dwqkay;yGJwGif taumif;qHk;qk&¶SdcJhonf? 2000 jynfhESpf/ =o*kwfv (24)&ufae@wGif 'kwd,OuUX ol&OD;wifOD;/ &efukefwdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&; aumfrwD OuUX ocifpdk;jrifh/ &efukefwdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;tzGJ@0if a'gufwmrsdK;atmif/ tzGJ@csKyfvli,f(16)OD; ¡,mOf armif;ESpfOD;tygt0if¢wdk@ESifhtwl &efukefwzufurf; 'v+rdK@rSwqifh &efukefwdkif;/ uGrf;+cHukef;+rdK@ESifh aumhrª;+rdK@ rsm;odk@ pnf;¶Hk;a&;udpPrsm;aqmif¶Gu&f ef &efukef+rdK@/ yef;qdk;wef;qdyfurf;rSwqifh c&D;xGuf&efpDpOfcJh&m/ yef;qdk; wef;qdyfurf;wGif wem&DcGJcef@ tm%mydkifrsm;rSydwfqdk@xm;cJh+yD;rS wzufurf;odk@ul;cGifh&cJhonf? 'v+rdK@odk@ a&muf¶Sdonfhtcg }udKwifapmifhqdkif;aeonfhtzGJ@csKyfum;ESpfpD;jzifh uGrf;+cHukef;odk@c&D;xGufvmpOf 'v+rdK@rS txGuf (3)rdkifcef@ta&muf usefppfom;&yfuGufwGif tm%mydkifrsm;rS a¶S@c&D;rqufEdkif&ef twif;t"rR ydwfqdk@wm;jrpfxm;cJhojzifh tqdkygae&mwGifyif c&D;qufxGufEdkifonftxd tajccsapmifhqdkif;aecJh&m (9)&uf ajrmufae@jzpfonfh pufwifbmv (1)&ufae@ n 11;15 tcsdefwGif &JwyfzGJ@ESifhppfaxmufvSrf;a&; tiftm; (300)ausmfu a':atmifqef;pk=unfESifhtzGJ@tm; 0ifa&mufpD;eif;+yD; twif;t=uyfzrf;qD;csKyfaESmifac:aqmif +yD; &efukef+rdK@odk@jyefydk@I 2000 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (1) &ufae@rS (14)&ufae@txd 'kwd,t}udrf aetdrf tus,fcsKyfjzifh zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 2000 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (21)&ufae@wGif 'kwd,OuUX ol&OD;wifOD;ESifhtwl tzGJ@0ifrsm; vdkufygv#uf tzGJ@csKyfv_yf¶Sm;r_r¶SdEdkif&efydwfyifwm;qD;r_rsm;/ tzGJ@csKyf¶Hk;rsm;ydwfapjcif;/ qdkif;bkwfrsm;csapjcif; rsm;udk pHkprf;avhvm&ef yxrc&D;pOftjzpf naerD;&xm;jzifh rEWav;odk@oGm;a&muf&efpDpOfcJh&m rD;&xm; vufrSwfukefaeonf[k ta=umif;jyIvufrSwfa&mif;ray;yJ aemufwae@eHeufapm 2000 jynfhESpf/ pufwif bmv (22)&ufae@wGif &efukefblwm}uD;rS t"rRaetdrfjyefydk@+yD;/ wwd,t}udrf aetdrftus,fcsKyfjzifh zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif; cHcJh&onf? 2001 ckESpftwGuf *smreDEdkifiHtajcpdkuf EdkifiHwum EdkifiHa&;ESifh,Ofaus;r_rsm; vGwfvyfpGmaygif; pnf;a&;qdkif&m qkay;a&;tzGJ@}uD;. Collegue United Nations qk&¶SdcJhonf? tqdkygqk&¶Sdolrsm;teuf a':atmifqef;pk=unfonf yxrqHk;trsdK;orD;jzpfonf? 1999 ckESpfwGif ydkvefEdkifiHorRwESifh 2000 jynfhESpf wGif [efa*&DEdkifiH 0ef}uD;csKyfESifhEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD; rpPwm[Gef;wdk@&¶SdcJh+yD;/ a':atmifqef;pk=unf onf wwd,ajrmufqk&¶Sdoljzpfonf? 2002 ckESpf/ arv (6)&ufae@wGif aetdrftus,fcsKyfrS jyefvnfvGwfajrmufcJhonf? 2002 ckESpf/ arv (25)&ufae@wGif usif;ycJhonfh tar&duefEdkifiH e,l;a,muf+rdK@¶Sd bmhofaumvdyf . (142)}udrfajrmuf bGJ@ESif;obiftcrf;tem;wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; *k%fxl;aqmifyg&*lbGJ@csD;jr‡ifhcJh onf? tvm;wl 0g¶Sifwef'DpD¶Sd tar&duef,leDAmpDwD. 1996 ckESpf/ aqmif;&moDbGJ@ESif;obiftcrf;tem; wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; *k%fxl;aqmifyg&*lbGJ@csD;jr‡ifhcJhbl;onf? - 345 -

2002 ckESpf/ arv (23)&ufae@wGif &JabmfoHk;usdyf0ifAdkvfrª;atmifOD;aqmifonfh 0g&ifhEdkifiHa&;orm; }uD;rsm;u 0g&ifhEdkifiHa&;orm;}uD;ocifodef;az.aetdrfY aetdrftus,fcsKyfrSjyefvnfvGwfajrmufvmonfh a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; *k%fjyKyGJusif;y+yD;/ a':atmifqef;pk=unf a¶S@quf+yD;aqmif¶Guf&rnfh 'Drdkua&pD wdkufyGJtwGuf t*Fvdyfe,fcsJ@rsm;tm; vGwfvyfa&;twGufwdkufcJh&mwGif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;udkifpGJcJhaom oHk;a&mifjc,f ua'gif;tvHESifh *syefzufqpfrsm;tm;wdkufcdkufcJh&mwGifudkipf GJcJhonfh teDa&mifaemufcH/ axmifh =u,fjzLtvHwdk@udk trSwfw& ay;tyfcJhonf? 2002 ckESpftwGuf tar&duefEdkifiH z&D;'rf;zdk&rftzG@J}uD;(Freedom Forum)rScsD;jr‡ifhonfh vGwfvyf aompdwf"gwfqk (Al Neuharth Free Spirit) &¶SdcJhonf? qka=u;tjzpf tar&duefa':vmwoef;csD;jr‡ifh jcif;cHcJh&onf? 2002 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (20)&ufae@wGif *&dEdkifiH atoif+rdK@awmfrS atoifEdkifiHwum'Drdkua&pD qk (Athens International Prize for Democracy) &¶SdcJhonf? qktjzpf 'Drdkua&pDzcif}uD; Pericles . udk,fwydkif;¶kyfwkwckESifh Honorary Citizen of Athens [kpmwef;xdk;xm;onfh a¶$wHqdyfwckjzpfonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unfonf tqdkygqk&¶Sdonfh yxrqHk;yk*~dKvfjzpfonf? 2002 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (16)&ufae@wGif jyifopfEdkifiH/ yJ&pf+rdK@wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; ,leuf pudk(UNESCO) tzGJ@}uD;. onf;cHpdwf¶Snfr_ESifh t=urf;rzufr_jr‡ifhwifa&;qdkif&m(Madanjeet Singh)qk csD;jr‡ifhcJhonf? qkaiG a':vmwodef;csD;jr‡ifhjcif;jzpfonf? 2002 ckESpftwGuf pDtifeftifef(CNN)EdkifiHwumowif;Xme. tm¶Sa'o. ta&;t}uD;qHk; xdyfwef;owif;(10)yk'fwGif a':atmifqef;pk=unf aetdrftus,fcsKyfrSvGwfajrmufvmonfhowif; azmfjy yg¶SdcJhonf? tjcm;owif;rsm;rSm tif'dkeD;¶Sm;EdkifiH bmvDu|ef;wGif AHk;cGJcHcJh&onfhowif;/ ta¶S@wDarmEdkifiHopf ay:xGef;vmonfhowif;/ ygupPwefEdkifiHwGif ppftkyfcsKyfa&;rS t&yfom;tkyfcsKyfa&;odk@ ajymif;vJonfhowif;/ w¶kwfjynfol@orRwEdkifiH acgif;aqmiftajymif;tvJowif;/ udk&D;,m;u|ef;qG,f wifrmr_owif;/ ponfwdk@ jzpfonf? +AdwdefEdkifiHrSxkwfv$ifhonfh bDbDpDrsufarSmufa&;&mtpDtpOfrS +AdwdefEdkifiHaomw¶Sifrsm;. qENrJay; onfhtpDtpOfwGif ‘*k%fxl;aqmif+AdwdefEdkifiHom;tjzpf EdkifiHwumrSyk*~dKvfxl;rsm;xJrS rnfhol@tm;ay;rnf enf;’[lonfh qENrJay;cef;wGif aomw¶Sif(51)&mcdkifE_ef;u a':atmifqef;pk=unftm;qENay;cJh=uonf? tar&dueforRwa[mif; bDvfuvifweftm; (18)&mcdkifE_ef;u qENay;cJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ arv (30)&ufae@wGif ppfudkif;wdkif;/ a¶$bdkc¶dkif/ 'DyJ,if;+rdK@teD;wGif etz vufyg;ap rsm;.acsmif;ajrmif;wdkufcdkufr_cHcJh&&mrStoufraovGwfajrmufcJh+yD; a&OD;+rdK@t0if*dwfta&mufwGif tm%m ydkifrsm;rSzrf;qD;cJh+yD; a&OD;&Jpcef;wGif,m,Dxdef;odrf;xm;cJhonf? a&OD;&Jpcef;{nfhcef;rS aemufwae@(31-52003)eHeuf(1)em&DwGif &Jarrsm;rSum;wpD;ay:odk@twif;t=uyfwifaqmifI ac:aqmifvmcJh&m/ trSwf(6) wifhum;wyf&if;{nfh&dyfomwGifw}udrf/ rif;bl;+rdK@¶Sd ppfwyf{nfh&dyfomwGifw}udrf&yfem;+yD;aemuf ZGefv (2)&ufae@ eHeuf(8)em&D(20)rdepfwGif tif;pdefaxmifodk@ydk@aqmifxdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ZGefv(24)&ufae@ txd tif;pdefaxmiftwGif;¶Sd tdrfi,fwvHk;wGifxdef;odrf;xm;cJhonf? ZGefv(24)&ufae@wGif tif;pdefaxmifrS &JrGefwyfpcef;¶Sd &Jacgif&dyfomodk@ajymif;a¶$@xm;cJh&mrS pufwifbmv(16)&ufae@wGif aq;¶HkwufcGJpdwfuko&ef vdktyfvmI &efukef+rdK@ tm¶Sawmf0ifaq;¶Hkodk@a&muf¶SdcJh+yD;/ cGJpdwfukor_cH,lt+yD; pufwifbmv(26)&ufae@ aq;¶HkrSqif;cGifhjyKonfhtcg aetdrfjyefydk@I pwkwˆt}udrfaetdrftus,fcsKyfjzifhxdef;odrf;xm;cJhonfrSm ,ae@ wdkifjzpfonf? 2004 ckESpf/ {+yDv (27)&ufae@wGif awmifudk&D;,m;EdkifiH ar (18) atmufarhzG,fazmifa';¶Sif;rS a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; 2004 ckESpftwGuf “*Grf*sL;vl@tcGifhta&;qk”csD;jr‡ifhcJhonf? awmifudk&D;,m; orRwc|ef'l;0Srfvufxuf 1980 jynfhESpf/ arv (18)&ufae@u qdk;[email protected] *Grf*sL;+rdK@wGif 'Drdk ua&pDESifhvl@tcGifhta&;twGuf awmif;qdkqENjy=uonfh ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh jynfolrsm;tm; ppfwyfrS - 346 -

ypfcwfowfjzwfcJhojzifh tjypfrJhjynfol axmifESifhcsDIaoqHk;cJh&onfh ta&;tcif;tm;trSwfw&jzpfap&ef “*Grf*sL; ar (18) azmifa';¶Sif;”udk zGJ@pnf;cJhjcif;jzpf+yD;/ tqdkygazmifa';¶Sif;rS a':atmifqef;pk=unfuJhodk@yif ,cifu tqdkygqkudk ta¶S@wDarmorRw Zmemem*wfpfrmtdk/ a[mifaumifvl@tcGifhta&;tzGJ@rS zmpDzmem 'dkwdk@tm; csD;jr‡ifhcJhbl;onf? (6) OD;vGif (trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf)

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OD;vGifonf oHk;cG+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(18189)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²11)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1924 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (22)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;bom.om;jzpfonf? OD;vGifonf 1942 ckESpf/ 'kwd,urBmppf}uD;rwdkifrD &efukef+rdK@wGif oli,fwef;rSq,fwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1942 ckESpfrS 1945 ckESpftxd ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtdkifat)/ ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf(bD'Dat)/ ArmhrsdK;cspf wyfrawmf(yDbDtufzf)wdk@wGifyg0ifcJhonf? bDd'Dat yxrywfAdkvfoifwef;qif;/ *syefjynf bk&ifhwyfrawmf ppfwuUodkvfausmif;qif;/ 1946 ckESpfwGif jyefwrf;0ift&m&Sd/ oeu(5)wdk@rS Adkvfr–;}uD;txd/ 1952 ckESpfrS 1954 ckESpftxd tqifhjrifhppfoifwef;rsm;udk t*Fvefjynf ppfwuUodkvfwdk@wGifwufcJhonf? 1962 ckESpfrS 1980 jynfhESpftxd ppfoHr–;(tar&duefjynfaxmifpk)/ 'kwd,wdkif;r–;/ wdkif;r–;/ 'kwd,0ef}uD;/ 0ef}uD;/ 'kwd, 0ef}uD;csKyf/ EkdifiHawmfaumifpD0if/ 1980 jynfhESpfwGiftem;,lcJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if(yxrqifh)/ EkdifiHh*k%f&nf(yxrqifh)/ oD&dysHcsDbJG@wkd@csD;jr‡ifhcH&onf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmf yHk}uD;+yD;aemuf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif b¾ma&;Xmer–;tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? OD;wifOD;/ OD;=unf armif/ a':atmifqef;pk=unfwdk@ zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD;aemuf 1991 ckESpf/ rwfv (26)&ufae@wGif jyef vnfzGJ@pnf;onfh tvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@wGif twGif;a&;rª;tjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unf ae tdrftus,fcsKyfrS jyefvnfvGwfajrmufvm+yD;aemuf 1995 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (9)&ufae@wGif jyefvnf zGJ@pnf;onfh A[dktvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwDY twGif;a&;rª;tjzpf jyefvnfwm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? (7) OD;vSaz (trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf)

tzGJ@0if

OD;vSazonf armfv+rdKifu|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(24960)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(53²03)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? tz OD;armifqkdif(¶kyf¶Sif¶Hkrefae*sm)/ trd a':tkef;oifwdk@rS 1927 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (19)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;vSazonf armfv+rdKifu|ef;+rdK@ OD;armifaxG;txufwef;ausmif;ESifh +rdK@rtxufwef;ausmif; wkd@wGif (10)wef;txfdynmoif=um;cJhonf? ausmif;om;or*~ESifh ausmif;om;oHr%dwyfzGJ@ Xmerª;/ ajrmif;jr c¶dkif ausmif;om;or*~ tvkyftr_aqmifjzpfcJh+yD;/ ausmif;om;oydwfESifh ArmhvGwfvyfa&;twGuf t*Fvdyf e,fcsJ@qef@usifa&;wdkufyGJrsm;wGif 'dk@Armtpnf;t¶Hk;/ vuf¶Hk;wyfrsm;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1942 ckESpfrS 1945 ckESpftwGif; armfv+rdKifu|ef;+rdK@/ rD;owftpnf;t¶Hk;wGifyg0ifcJh&if; zufqpf*syefrsm;udkawmfvSef &ef ajratmufawmfvSefa&;twGuf jynfol@ta&;awmfyHkygwD twGif;a&;rª;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1946 ckESpfrS 1958 ckESpftwGif; armfv+rdKifu|ef;+rdK@e,f Armjynfqdk¶S,fvpfygwDESifh ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m awmifolv,form;tpnf;t¶Hk; twGif;a&;rª;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ ajrmif;jrc¶dkif qdk¶S,fvpfygwDESifh (z-qy-v)tzGJ@ twGif;a&;rª;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ v,f,majrEdkifiHydkifjyKvkyfa&;0ef}uD;Xme ygvDreftwGif;0ef tjzpfvnf;aumif;aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1958 ckESpfrS 1962 ckESpftwGif; {&m0wDwdkif;(z-q-y-v)tzGJ@ twGif;a&;rª;ESifh (A-w-v-p)XmecsKyf wGJzuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;(pnf;¶Hk;a&;)wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1968 ckESpfrS 1987 ckESpftxd ydk@aqmifqufoG,fa&;0ef}uD;XmewGif !‡dE_dif;a&;t&m&Sdtjzpfvnf;aumif;/ pDrHudef; - 347 -

ESifhvkyfief;aqmif¶Gufa&;OD;pD;XmewGif wdkif;OD;pD;rª;tjzpfvnf;aumif; wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1986 ckESpf wGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if(yxrqifh)/ jynfaxmifpkorRw a¶$wHqdyfqk/ EdkifiHh*k%f&nf ('kwd,qifh)wdk@&¶SdcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif vGwfvyfa&; wdkufyGJtpOftvm¶SdcJh=uaom EdkifiHa&;&Jabmfrsm;ESifhtwl jynfolw&yfvHk;.qENjzpfonfh 'Drdkua&pDtpdk;& ay:aygufa&;twGuf a=unmcsufxkwfjyefjcif;/ ygw*D dk%f;*%uif;¶Sif;aom wckwnf;aomawmifolv,f orm;tzGJ@ay:ayguf&ef aqG;aEG;!d‡Ed_if;+yD; (,m,D) tajccHrsm;zGJ@cJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif A[kd OD;pD;tzGJ@0if/ A[kdawmifolv,form;tzJG@ twGif;a&;r–;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? yJcl;wdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;tzGJ@0if wm0ef yl;wGJaqmif¶GufcJhonf? {&m0wDwkdif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;tzJG@0ifwm0ef,lcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ rwfv (26)&uf ae@wGif jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;onfh A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@wGif tzGJ@0iftjzpfwdk;jr‡ifhwm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (16)&ufae@wGifzGJ@pnf;cJhonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwDwGif tzGJ@0if jzpfvmcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ arv (30)&ufae@wGifjzpfyGm;cJhonfh 'DyJ,if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vkyf}uHwdkufcdkufowf jzwfr_jzpfyGm;pOf etz rS aetdrftus,fcsKyfjzpfh xdef;odrf;xm;cJh&mrS 2003 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (23)&ufae@wGif jyefvGwfonf? (8) OD;pdk;jrifh (ocifpdk;jrifh) (trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf)

tzGJ@0if

OD;pdk;jrifh(c)ocifpdk;jrifhonf awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(13959)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(72²29)jzifh a&G;cs,fwif ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1923 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (16)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;&Sdef.om;jzpfonf? OD;pdk;jrifh(c) ocif pdk;jrifhonf ajrmif;jr+rdK@wGif t*Fvdyf-jrefrm (6)wef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? ajrmif;jr+rdK@e,f wkd@Armtpnf;t¶Hk; twGif;a&;r–;/ e,fcsJ@ESifhzufqpfawmfvSefa&;ajratmufacgif;aqmif/ ArmhumuG,fa&; wyfrawmf(bD'Dat) wyf&if;r–;/ ykodrfc¶dkif jrpf0u|ef;ay:wkdif; ppfaumfrwD0if/ jynfol@ta&;awmfyHkygwD wnfaxmif&m wGifyg0ifcJh+yD;/ qdk&S,fvpfygwD ajrmif;jrc¶fdkif OuUXESifh A[dkOD;pD;tzJG@0if/ z-q-y-v A[dkOD;pD;/ A-w-v-p A[dktvkyftr_aqmif/ qdk&S,feD A[dkaumfrwD0if/ jynfol@vli,ftzJG@csKyf 'kwd,OuUX/ 1953 ckESpf AD,ifem urBmhvli,fnDvmcHoGm; udk,fpm;vS,f/ vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if(yxrqifh)&cJhonf? t,f'Dwm/ pmðy/ (17) vkdif;tkyfcsKyfa&;r–;ponfjzifh b0rsm;pGmusifvnfcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dktr_aqmif/ A[dkv,form;rsm;tzJG@ acgif;aqmif/ &efukefwdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD OuUX wm0ef,lcJhonf? ocifpkd;jrifhonf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. *ENDqHk;jzwfcsuftwdkif; e0w u v$wfawmfac:,lcGifhray;v#if vkyfaqmifoifh onfenf;vrf;oHk;oG,f pmwrf;ukda&;om;ðypk&mwGifyg0ifcJojzifh oufqdkif&mrSacwWzrf;qD; xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1991 ckESpf/ rwfv (26)&uf ae@wGifjyefvnfzGJ@pnf;onfh A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@ wGif tzGJ@0iftjzpfwdk;jr‡ifhwm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (16)&ufae@wGif zGJ@pnf; cJhonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwDwGif tzGJ@0ifjzpfvmcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ arv (30)&ufae@wGif jzpfyGm;cJhonfh 'DyJ,if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vkyf}uHwdkufcdkufowfjzwfr_jzpfyGm;pOf etz rS aetdrftus,fcsKyfjzifh xdef;odrf;xm;cJh&mrS 2003 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (23)&ufae@wGif jyefvGwfonf? (9) OD;vGef;wif (trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf)

tzGJ@0if

Akdvfr–;}uD;vGef;wif(t+idrf;pm;)onf armfv+rdKif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(39624)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(77²29)jzifh a&G;cs,f wifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? armfv+rdKif+rdK@e,f/ aumhESyf&GmZmwdjzpfonf? rGeftrsKd;om;Ak'
(t+idrf;pm;)onf 1928 ckESpfrS 1932 ckESpftxd ajrmif;jr+rdK@/ atbDtrf trsKd;orD;tv,fwef;ausmif;/ 1932 ckESpfrS 1941 ckESpftxd ajrmif;jr+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wkd@wGif q,fweff;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhI 1941-42 ckESpf/ ppfjzpfcsdefwGif Oypmatmufwef;txd &efukef,leDAmpDwDaumvdyfwGif ynmoif=um;cJhonf? ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtdkifat)wGif tjcm;tqifhjzihf 1942 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&D v (1)&ufae@rS 1942 ckESpf/ rwfv (16)&ufae@txd/ ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf(bD'Dat)wGif t&m&Sd tqifhjzihf 1942 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (27)&ufae@rS 1945 ckESpf/ rwfv (26)&ufae@txd/ ArmhrsKd;cspfwyfrawmf (bDyDtufzf)wGif t&m&Sdtqihfjzihf 1945 ckESpf/ rwfv (27)&ufae@rS 1945 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (31)&ufae@ txd EkdifiHhwm0efrsm;udkxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1945 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (1)&ufae@wGif *ENDpmcsKyft&zJG@pnf; aomArmhwyfrawmfwGif jyefwrf;0ift&m&SdjzpfvmcJhonf? oeu(5)wGif wyf&if;r–;tjzpf 1953 ckESpf/ ZGefv (11)&ufae@rS 1953 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (2)&ufae@txd/ cv&(22)wGif wyf&if;r–;tjzpf 1953 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (3)&ufae@rS 1955 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (28)&ufae@txd cv&(6)wGif wyf&if;r–;tjzpf 1955 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (29)&ufae@rS 1957 ckESpf/ rwfv (29)&ufae@txd/ cv&(14)wGif wyf&if;r–;tjzpf 30-31957 ckESpf/ rwfv (30)&ufae@rS 1958 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (18)&ufae@txdf/ trSwf(11) wyfr[mXmecsKyf wGif ,m,Dwyfr[mrSL;tjzpf 1958 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (19)&ufae@rS 1959 ckESpf/ arv (19)&ufae@txd/ trSwf(1) wyfr[mXmecsKyfwGif ,m,Dwyfr[mrª;tjzpf 1959 ckESpf/ arv (25)&ufae@rS 1961 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (16)&ufae@txd/ trSwf(7) wyfr[mXmecsKyfwGif wyfr[mrSL;tjzpf 1961 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (17) &ufae@rS 1963 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (15)&ufae@txd/ taemufajrmufwdkif;ppfXmecsKyf wkdif;rSL;tjzpf 1963 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (16)&ufae@rS 1965 ckESpf/ {+yDv (29)&ufae@txdf/ 1965 ckESpf/ {+yDv (29)&ufae@rSpI u-u-csKyf(=unf;)odk@ wJGzufwm0ef/ taemufajrmufwdkif;ppfXmecsKyfwGif wkdif;rSL;tjzpfaqmif&GufpOf bkef;}uD;ta&;tcif;Yyg0ifywfoufr_jzihf 1965 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (1)&ufae@rS 1967 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (27)&ufae@txd zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? umuG,fa&;Xme aumifpD!$ef=um;csuftrSwf 1§64/ tydk'f (6-1)t& 1968 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (25)&ufae@rSpI ppfr_xrf;aqmifjcif;rS&yfpJcHcJh&I 1968 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd trSwf(1)pufr_0ef}uD;Xme !$ef=um;a&;rª;csKyf/ 1978 ckESpfrS 1981 ckESpftxd tvkyform;Xme !$ef=um;a&;rª;csKyf/ 1981 ckESpfrS 1983 ckESpftxd tvkyform;Xme t}uHay;yk*~dKvftjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;+yD;onfhaemuf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfodk@0if cJhonf? rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@ A[dktvkyftr_aqmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dkOD;pD;ESifh rGefjynf e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD0iftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? jyefwrf;0if wyfrawmft&m&SdtrSwf (=unf;-3618)jzpf onf? 1962 ckESpf/ rwfv (2)&ufae@wGiftm%modrf;cJhonfh AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;OD;aqmifaom awmfvSefa&; aumifpDwGif awmfvSefa&;aumifpDa=unmcsuftrSwf(34)jzifh 1962 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (5)&ufae@wGif awmfvSef a&;aumifpD0iftjzpf cef@tyfcHcJh&onf? jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD wif;jynfhygwD0ifvnf;jzpfcJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif wyfrSL;a[mif;rsm;tzJG@0iftjzpf yg0ifv_yf&Sm; cJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if(yxrqifh)/ EdkifiHh*k%f&nf(yxrqifh)/ oD&dysHcsD/ aZ,sausmfxif/ oD[Av wHqdyfwkd@tygt0if qkwHqdyf(7)ck&¶SdcJhonf? 1951 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (9)&ufae@wGif a':oef;=unfESifh vuf xyfcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ rwfv (26)&uf ae@wGif jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;onfh A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@wGif tzGJ@0iftjzpfwdk;jr‡ifhwm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1996 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (9)&ufae‹wGif topfjyef vnfzGJŒpnf;onfh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dkaumfrwDY A[dktvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwD0if/ rGefjynfe,f wm0efcHtjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (16)&ufae@wGifzGJ@pnf;cJhonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwDwGif tzGJ@0ifjzpfvmcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ arv (30)&ufae@nwGif jzpfyGm;cJhonfh tm%mydkifrsm;udk,fwdkif yg0ifywfoufpDpOfusL;vGefcJhonfh 'DyJ,if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vkyf}uHwdkuf cdkufowfjzwfr_}uD;jzpfyGm;t+yD;wGif aetdrftus,fcsKyfjzifh zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; 2003 ckESpf/ Edk0if bmv (24)&ufae@wGifjyefvGwfonf? - 349 -

(10) OD;!Gef@a0 (trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf)

tzGJ@0if

OD;!Gef@a0onf awmifil+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(20401)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(67²1)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1926 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (14)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;baqG.om;jzpfonf? OD;!Gef@a0onf &efukef wuUodkvfrS 0dZ…m(abm*aA')*k%fxl;ESifh [m;AwfwuUodkvfrS r[m0dZ…m(tkyfcsKyfa&;)bJG@wkd@&¶SdcJhonf? 1947 ckESpf (1)ESpftwGif;vGwfvyfa&;&&Sd&efjyifqifr_wGif z-q-y-v tzJG@csKyfuay;aom acgif;aqmifoifwef; qif; 1947 ckESpfrS 1952 ckESpftxd wuUodkvfausmif;om;acgif;aqmif/ 1952 ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd !ìef=um;a&;r–;/ A[dkpm&if;tif;ESifhabm*aA'Xme/ pufr_vufr_b%f/ refae*smcsKyf/ pdkufysKd;a&;b%f/ tmrcH aumfydka&;&Sif; OD;aqmif!ìef=um;a&;r–;/ 1986 ckESpfwGif oufjynfht+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf A[dktvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwD0if jzpfonf? (11) EdkifxGef;odef; (rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@)

tzGJ@0if

EdkifxGef;odef;onf oHjzLZ&yf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@tm; udk,f pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(13471)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(71²86)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh& onf? OD;atmif'Gef;.om;jzpfonf? 1917 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (31)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? EdkifxGef;odef; onf 1938 ckESpf/ arvwGif t*Fvdyf-jrefrm(10)wef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1945 ckESpf/ rwfvwGif ody`HbGJ@ (B.Sc.)&¶SdcJhonf? 1946 ckESpfwGif &mrnwdkif;vHk;qdkif&m rGeftzGJ@csKyf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;/ 1947-48 ckESpfwGif usdKufcrD(*)e,f ynmtkyf/ 1949 ckESpfrS 1958 ckESpftxd vufeufudkifrGefajratmuf awmfvSef a&;tzGJ@acgif;aqmif/ 1958 ckESpfrS 1963 ckESpftxd Oya'abmiftwGi;f rGefjynfol@wyfOD;tzGJ@ taxGaxG twGif;a&;rª;tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1963 ckESpfrS 1969 ckESpftxd armfv+rdKifaxmifwGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf; xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1969 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd armfv+rdKif+rdK@/ rGeftrsdK;om;ae@usif;ya&;aumfrwD em,u/ rGefpmay+ydKifyGJqyfaumfrwD OuUX tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@(A[dk)wGif OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS ppftm%m¶Sifrsm;u 1990 jynfhESpf/ a¶G;aumufyGJ&v'ftm; taumiftxnfazmfray;ojzifh wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f rsm;yg0ifonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfw&yfudk r=umrDac:,lrnfjzpfa=umif;/ 1998 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (21)&ufae@ wGifa=unmcJht+yD; ppftm%m¶Sifrsm;u wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkEdkifiHa&;ygwDacgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfol EdkifxGef;odef; tm; zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;cJhonf? 2002 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (23)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm; jyKaumfrwD (pDtm&fyDyD)wdk;csJ@zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg rGeftrsdK;om;'[email protected],fpm;vS,ftjzpf yg0ifvmcJh onf? (12) ylusifh¶Sif;xef (ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&uf)

tzGJ@0if

ylusifh¶Sif;xefonf wD;wdef+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&uftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(5418)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(41²51)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf? tz OD;qGrf;[ef.om;jzpfonf? 1938 ckESpf/ {+yDv (6)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? ylusifh¶Sif;xef onf Zrf;yDtpdk;& rlvwef;ausmif;/ wD;wdef+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ rEWav;+rdK@wdkif;cspfausmif;wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJhI 1958 ckESpfwGif q,fwef;atmifjrifonf? &efukefwuUodkvfY qufvufynmoif=um; cJh&m 1963-64 ckESpf wGif csif;ausmif;om;rsm;or*~ OuUX/ xdkrS 1964 ckESpfwGif EdkifiHa&;ody`Hbmom/ - 350 -

t*Fvdyfpm/ pmpDpmuHk;wdk@jzifh 0dZ…mbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? xdkESpfrSmyif r'Gef@cifanmifESifhvufxyfonf? 1964 ckESpfrS 1967 ckESpftxd &efukef wuUodkvf Oya'ynmXmewGif qufvufynmoif=um;cJh&m 1967 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…m(Oya')bGJ@/ 1968 ckESpfwGif Oya'0dZ…m (LL.B.) bGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1969 ckESpfwGif tvkyfoifa¶S@ae/ 1971 ckESpfrSpI w&m;¶Hk;csKyfa¶S@aetjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? ylusifh¶Sif;xefonf i,fpOfausmif;om;b0uwnf; uyif EdkifiHa&;v_yf¶Sm;r_rsm;wGif wuf ºuGpGmyg0ifv_yf¶Sm;chonf? awmif}uD;nDvmcHodk@ ausmif;om; or*~acgif;aqmifwOD;tjzpf wufa&mufcJh onf? 1961 ckESpfwGif jynfe,frsm;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@ tvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0iftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDESifh tm%m¶SifOD;ae0if;tm; tpOfwpdkufqef@usifcJholwOD;jzpfonf? 1972 ckESpf wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHzGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya' a&;qGJ a&;twGuf jynfolrsm;xHrSt}uHOm%frsm;awmif;cH onfwGif zuf'&,fa&;&mudpP&yfrsm;ESifhywfoufI a0zeft}uHay;cJhojzifh 1972 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (30)&ufae@rS 1974 ckESpf/ rwfv (3)&ufae@txd &efukef+rdK@/ ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;A[dkppfa=uma&;pcef;wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf; ppfa=umjcif;cHcJh&onf? xdk@aemuf 1974 ckESpf/ rwfv (4)&ufae@rS =o*kwfv (24)&ufae@ txd rEWav;tusOf;axmifwGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf; jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1986 ckESpfwGif uav;+rdK@e,fa¶S@ae}uD;rsm; tzGJ@wGif OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (12)&ufae@rS (19)&ufae@txd uav;+rdK@wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? jynfol@ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&+yD;puwnf;u wdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmif/ ZdkrD; trsdK;om;uGef*&uf. OuUXjzpfojzifh ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;. teD;uyfapmifh =uyf=unfh¶_@r_udkcHcJh&oljzpfonf? 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (12)&ufae@ eHeuf(4)em&DtcsdefwGif ppfaxmuf vSrf;a&;rS aetdrfodk@vma&mufzrf;qD;+yD;/ &efukef+rdK@odk@ac:aqmifum vlrqefpGmppfa=umar; jref;r_udkcHcJh&+yD; rwfv (19)&ufae@wGifrSjyefv$wf ay;cJhjcif;jzpfonf? EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;tm; e0wrS zsufodrf;aeonfhumv 1993 ckESpf/ arv (10)&ufae@wGif uav;+rdK@YxrfrHzrf;qD;cHcJh&+yD; aetdrftus,fcsKyfb0jzifh ppfaxmuf vSrf;a&;trSwf(17)rSt&m¶SdxH eHeuf (8)em&Dw}udrf/ nae(5)em&Dw}udrf owif;ydk@aecJh&onf? a¶S@aetjzpf toufarG;0rf;a=umif;vkyfief; udkygvkyfcGifhrjyKojzifh rdom;pkpm;0wfaea&;tcufawG@cJh&onf? ZGefv (1)&ufae@txdjzpfonf? 'Drdkua&pD ESifhvl@tcGifhta&;twGufqufvufaqmif¶Gufojzifh 1996 ckESpf/ atmufwdk bmv (10)&ufae@rS (24)&uf ae@txd xyfrHxdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&jyefonf? ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;.n‡Of;yrf;ESdyfpufr_a=umifh usef;rma&;,dk,Gif; vmonftxdjzpfcJh&onf? ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&ufA[dkwGif OuUX jzpfonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS ppftm%m¶Sifrsm;u 1990 jynfhESpf/ a¶G;aumufyGJ&v'ftm; taumiftxnf azmfray;ojzifh wdkif;&if; om;vlrsdK;pkjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;yg0ifonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfw&yfudk r=umrDac:,lrnfjzpf a=umif;/ 1998 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (21)&ufae@wGiaf =unmcJht+yD; ppftm%m¶Sifrsm;u wdkif;&if;om; vlrsdK;pkEdkifiHa&;ygwDacgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfol ylusifh¶Sif;xeftm; 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (6)&uf ae@rS 1999 ckESpf/ rwfv (14)&ufae@txd &efukef+rdK@wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;cJhonf? yxr &JrGef¶Sd trSwf(220) ajcjref wyf&if;wGifxdef;odrf;xm;cJh+yD;aemuf udk;rdkifcGJ¶SdppfaxmufvSrf;a&;wyfpcef;wGifajymif;a¶$@I oD;jcm;csKyfaESmif xm;cJh&m ausmufuyfESifhtjcm;a&m*ga0'emrsm;jzpfyGm;cJh+yD;/ usef;rma&;csdK@,Gif;vmojzifh ppfaxmufvSrf; a&;rSjyefv$wfay;cJhonf? jyefvGwfvm+yD; &efukef+rdK@/ qmul&maq;cef;wGif aq;0g;ukocJh& onf? 1999 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (16)&ufae@wGif urBmhukvor*~ vufaxmuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;csKyf rpPwm t,fvfAm¶dk'DqdkwdkrS wdkif;&if;om;EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rS acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; &efukef+rdK@¶Sd/ ukvor*~ zGH@+zdK;r_ tpDtpOf¶Hk;wGif awG@qHkcJh&mwGif yg0ifojzifh 1999 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (3)&ufae@rS 2001 ckESpf/ ZGefv (15)&ufae@txd ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;.zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 2002 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (23) &ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwD(pDtm&fyDyD)wdk;csJ@zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&uf .udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf yg0ifvmcJhonf? (13) cGefxGef;OD; (¶Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf) - 351 -

tzGJ@0if

cGefxGef;OD;onf oDayg+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(5268)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(49²01)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cH cJh&onf? OD;p0f=umZHk.om;jzpfonf? 1943 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (11)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? cGefxGef;OD;onf 1964 ckESpfwGif awmif}uD;+rdK@/ uarBmZaumvdyfrS wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJh+yD;/ 1965 ckESpfwGif &efukef wuUodkvfodk@wufa&mufI Oya'bmom&yfudk 'kwd,ESpftxdoif=um;cJhonf? 1967 ckESpfrS 1977 ckESpf txd tif'dkeD;¶Sm;oH¶Hk; ppfoHrª;.udk,fa&;t&m¶Sd/ 1984 ckESpfwGif EdkifiHwumowif;pmjzef@csda&;ukr`%D/ *syef Overseas Courier Service (tdkpDtufpf). owif;pmjzef@csda&;udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? &Srf; wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf(A[dk) OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶Gufonf? 2002 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (23) &ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwD(pDtm&fyDyD)wdk;csJ@zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg ¶Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdk [email protected],fpm;vS,ftjzpf yg0ifcJhonf? (14) OD;vSarmif (rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@) (uG,fvGef)

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t+idrf;pm;'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;OD;vSarmif(=unf;-5496)onf =umtif;qdyf}uD;jrdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1)wGif rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(2054)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&m cdkifE_ef;(71²79)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1936 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (26)&ufae@wGif tz OD;bdk;wpf/ trd a':rr}uD;wdk@rS arG;zGm;onf? +rdwf+rdK@/ oef;zdk&yf Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;vSarmifonf 'kwd,wef;txd +rdwf+rdK@ oef;zdk&yfwGif ausmif;aecJhonf? 1945 ckESpfrS 1953 ckESpftxd xm;0,f+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1954 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (20)&ufae@wGif wyfrawmfodk@ wyfom;tqifh jzifhpwif0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1959 ckESpf/ ZGefvwGif jyefwrf;0ift&m¶Sd 'kwd,Adkvf ucsif(4)/ vdGKifvif/ ppfudkif; usdKif;wHkwdk@wGif aEGOD;ppfqifa&;YygI aoewf'%f&m&¶SdcJhonf? 1962 ckESpfwGif Adkvftqifh evu OuUX/ ppf udkif;/ jynfc¶dkif oJukef;/ aygif;wnfwdk@wGif 1970 jynfhESpftxd wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1971 ckESpfwGif e,f bufwm0efrS ppfbufwm0eftjzpf cv&(48) awmifilwGif wyfa&;/ wyfcGJrª; ponfjzifh atmifpdk;rdk;ppfqif a&;wGif yg0ifcJhonf? 1972 ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd tv,fydkif;wdkif;ppfXmecsKyf/ pcef;rª; r*Fvm'Hk/ awmifil atmifpdk;rdk;ppfqifa&;wdk@wGifvnf;aumif;/ 1975 ckESpfrS 1979 ckESpftxd wyfcGJrª; Adkvfrª;/ ppfa=umif;rª;/ cv& (65) rdkif;wHk/ usdKif;wHk/ rdkif;jyif;/ rdkif;pyfe,fajrwdk@wGif rdk;[def;(1)(2)(3)ppfqifa&;wdk@wGif yg0ifcJhonf? 1979 ck ESpfwGif wyf&if;rª;/ cv&(97) aumhu&dwf/ jr0wD/ bm;tH/ 1984 ckESpfwGif 'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;tqifhjzifh wyfrS t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? ZeD; a':oef;arESifh om;(4)a,muf/ orD;(3)a,muf¶Sdonf? 2003 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (8)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwDyHkrSeftpnf;ta0;rS tzGJ@0ifopftjzpfvufcHcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (27)&ufae@wGif armfv+rdKif+rdK@aetdrfY uG,fvGefonf? (15) OD;pdk;0if; (trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD)

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OD;pdk;0if;onf yJcl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwDtm;udk,fpm;jyKI0ifa&muf ,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(44288)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(72²33)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? anmifOD;+rdK@ Zmwdjzpfonf? 1945 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (7)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;=uifqdkifjzpfonf? OD;pdk;0if;onf 1968 ckESpfwGif &efukefpD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvfrS 0g%dZ…(pufr_ukefxkwf)bGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1968 ckESpfrS 1972 ckESpftxd okawoevufaxmuf(pDrHudef;Xme) *kefeDpuf¶Hk/ tkwfusif;/ xdk@aemuf yHkESdyfvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unf. vHk+cHKa&;ESihv f lr_a&; wm0ef ,lcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif A[dkowif;ESifhjyef=um;a&;tzGJ@0if/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD - 352 -

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OD;odef;azonf uef@bvl+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif woD;yk*~vtjzpf 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkif vHkrJ(17364)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(47²34)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1940 jynfhESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (5)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;boif.om;jzpfonf? [krRvif;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;odef;azonf [krRvif;+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS 1958 ckESpfwGif wef;jrifhausmif;xGufpmar;yGJatmifjrifcJh+yD;/ 1961 ckESpfwGif vufaxmufusef;rma&;rª;oifwef; atmifjrifonf? 1961 ckESpfrSpI usef;rma&;rª;tjzpf aus;vufusef;rm a&;Xmersm;wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD;/ 1987 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (29)&ufae@u tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)rS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrfwGif jyKvkyfonfh ,m,Dtpdk;&zGJ@pnf;a&;v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;odk@ wufa&mufcJhojzifh oufqdkif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef; odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ,if;aemuf OD;odef;azonf jypfr_qdkif&mOya' yk'fr (122)(1)t& jypfr_xif¶Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH& I jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr (11)(n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,fzsufvdkufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (22)&ufae@&ufpGJjzifha=unmcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (8)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyK aumfrwDyHkrSeftpnf;ta0;rS tzGJ@0ifopftjzpfvufcHcJhonf? (17) OD;ausmfrif; (trsdK;om;vl@tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD)

tzGJ@0if

OD;ausmfrif;(c)rmarmufa¶Smif¶_tmaemf*lvma[mufonf bl;oD;awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) wGif trsdK;om;vl@tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwDtm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(30997)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(74²39)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? bl;oD;awmif+rdK@e,f/ rdausmif;aps;¶GmZmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;azmfaZmfa&mfref;/ trd a': avrefcgwlwdk@rS 1953 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;ausmfrif;(c) rmarmufa¶Smif¶_tmaemf*lvma[mufonf rdausmif;aps;¶Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ awmifbZmtpdk;& tv,fwef;ausmif;/ bl;oD;awmif+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ ppfawG+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif; trSwf(1)wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1968 ckESpfwGif &efukefpD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvfrS bDuGrf;bGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1969 ckESpfwGif ppfawG+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(3)wGif txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ 1983 ckESpf wGif ynma&;'DyvdkrmbGJ@&¶SdcJh+yD;/ bl;oD;awmif+rdK@e,f vufaxmufynma&;rª;/ 1985 ckESpfwGif tv,fwef; ausmif;tkyftjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh&mrS 1989 ckESpf/ rwfvwGif tvkyfrSEkwfy,fcHcJh&onf? trsdK;om;vl@ tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD(r-v-'-y)wGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmifwm0ef,lcJhonf? 2002 ckESpf/ 'DZifbm v (4)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm;jyK aumfrwDyHkrSeftpnf;ta0;rS tzGJ@0ifopftjzpfvufcHcJh onf? (18) OD;axmifcdkxef; (jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf)

tzGJ@0if

jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf0if ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;rSm ² ² ² (1) &ckdif'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (2) rGeftrsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (3) watmif;(yavmif) trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf - 353 -

(4) u&ifjynfe,f trsdK;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf (5) csif; trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (6) u,m;jynfe,fvlrsdK;aygif;pkH 'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (7) &Srf;jynfe,fwkdfif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkrsm;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (8) &ckdiftrsdK;om;vl@tcGifhta&;ESihfjidrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@ (9) ZkdrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&uf (10) awmifolv,forsm;/ u'l;ueef;ESihf&Srf;trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (11) jynfaxmifpkytkd0hftrsdK;om;tzGJ@csKyf (12) awmifykdif;csif;'Drkdua&pDygwD (13) ucsiftrdsK;om;vkH;qkdif&muGef*&uf (14) +rdK(ac:)crDtrsdK;om;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@ (15) awmifwef;om;rsm;'Drkdu&ufwpfygwD (16) u,ef;trsdK;om;pnf;vkH;nD!Gwfa&;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@ (17) ucsifjynfe,ftrdsK;om;'Drkdua&wpfygwD (18) tif;trdsK;om;tzGJ@csKyf (19) &ckdiftrsdK;om;vlr_b0jr‡ifhwifa&;tzGJ@(r&rm}uD;) (20) em*awmifwef;a'owkd;wufa&;ygwD (21) vDql;trdsK;om;aoG;pnf;ckdifrma&;tzGJ@ (22) u&iftrsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDuGef*&uf (23) r&mjynfol@ygwD (24) vm;[ltrsdK;om;zGH@jzdK;wkd;wufa&;ygwD (25) 0trsdK;om;zGH@+zdK;wkd;wufa&;ygwD rSwfcsuf// ? &Srf;wkdfif;&if;om;rsm;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyfonf tzGJ@0ifr[kwfaomfvnf;/ wkdif;&if;om;rsm;ta&;ESihf 'Drkdua&pDta&;rsm;wGif vufwGJyg0ifyl;aygif;aqmif&GufcJh}uolrsm;jzpfonf// OD;axmifcdkxef;onf wrl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tm;udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(8939)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(35²36)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwif ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;&efcdkvGef;/ trd a':vd_ifcdkusif;wdk@rS 1951 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (5)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm; cJhonf? wrl;+rdK@e,f/ pHuyfaus;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;axmifcdkxef;onf jynfawmfomaus;¶Gm tpdk;& rlvwef;ausmif;/ wrl;+rdK@/ tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;ESifh tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ &efukef+rdK@/ tvHktpdk;& txufwef;ausmif; trSwf(1)/ =unfhjrifwdkif(xD;wef;)/ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)/ &efukef0dZ…mESifh ody`HwuUodkvfwdk@wGif 0dZ…mbGJ@&onftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1981 ckESpfwGif a':vd_ifrGefESifh vufxyfcJh onf? ukefonfvkyfief;jzifhtoufarG;onf? awmifwef;om;rsm;'Drdku&ufwpfygwDwGif taxGaxGtwGif; a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (27)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwD yHkrSef tpnf;ta0;rS tzGJ@0ifopftjzpfvufcHcJhonf? (19) OD;&efusif;armf (&Srf;jynfudk;uef@'Drdku&ufwpfygwD)

tzGJ@0if

OD;&efusif;armfonf uGrf;vHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;jynfudk;uef@'Drdku&ufwpfygwDtm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(4013)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(55²78)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? - 354 -

udk;uef@e,f/ ,efawmf¶Sef¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;&ef0ifajymif/ trd a':vDa¶Smufavmufwdk@rS 1938 ckESpf wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;&efusif;armfonf (8)ESpft¶G,fwGif ,efawmf¶Sef¶Gm¶Sd udk;uef@pmayoif=um;aom ausmif;Y (9)wef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? touf(22)ESpfwGif tdrfaxmifjyKI rdom;pkESifhtwlawmif,m vkyfief;/ ta&mif;t0,fvkyfief; vkyfudkifcJhonf? &Srf;jynfudk;uef@'Drdku&ufwpfygwDwGif 'kwd,OuUXtjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? 2004 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (13)&ufae@wGif jyKvkyfonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwD tpnf;ta0;rS OD;&efusif;armftm; tzGJ@0ifopftjzpf vufcHcJhonf?

1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (17)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwDrS a=unmcsuf trSwf(1)jzifh OD;apmjratmif/ OuUX/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; jynfol@v$wfawmf OuUX tjzpf a¶G;aumuf wifajr‡mufvdkufa=umif; xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? OD;apmjratmif

jynfol@v$wfawmf OuUX

OD;apmjratmifonf ajrmufOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(17322)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(62²09)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;apmvSatmif/ trd a':oef;pHOD;wdk@rS 1908 ckESpf/ {+yDv (23)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? ajrmufOD;+rdK@Zm wdjzpfonf? OD;apmjratmifonf ajrmufOD;+rdK@Y rlvwef;/ ppfawG+rdK@Y tv,fwef;/ &efukef+rdK@Y txufwef; ynmrsm;oif,latmifjrifcJh+yD;/ 1942 ckESpf/ 'kwd,urBmppf}uD;jzpfyGm;onfhtcsdeftxd &efukef+rdK@wGif aq; ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1943 ckESpfwGif tdENd,EdkifiH/ bHkab+rdK@Y aq;ynmbmom&yfrsm;qufvufoif=um;cJh &m 1947 ckESpf/ arvwGif q&m0efbGJ@/ trfbDbDtufpf(bHkab)&¶SdcJhonf? 1947 ckESpfrSpI EdkifiH0efxrf;tjzpf (2)ESpfaqmif¶GufcJh+yD;/ +AdwdefEdkifiHwGif (4)ESpf=um vufawG@tr_xrf;&if; aq;ynmbmom&yfrsm;qufvuf oif=um;cJh&m bGJ@vGef'Dyvdkrm'DpDtdwfcsfbGJ@(DCH)vef'efESifh tufzftm&fpDyDbGJ@(FRCP)*vyfpudk; yg&*lbGJ@ rsm;&¶SdcJhonf? 1954 ckESpfrSpI EdkifiH0efxrf;/ 1955 ckESpfrS 1963 ckESpftxd rEWav;c¶dkif q&m0ef}uD;/ aq;¶Hk tkyf}uD;/ orm;awmf}uD;ESifh rEWav;aq;wuU odkvf aq;ynmXmerª;/ 1975 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd ¶dkx&D toif; rEWav;XmecGJ OuUX/ &efukef+rdK@¶Sd &cdkif o[m,toif; OuUX/ &cdkif"rRm¶Hkaqmufvkyfa&; em,u/ 1983 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd &efukef+rdK@ &cdkifo [m,toif; OuUX/ 1958 ckESpfwGif urBmhaq;ynm¶Sifrsm; zvS,faomtpDtpOft& tar&duefEdkifiHwGif(2)vESifh +AdwdefEdkifiHwGif &ufowW(3)ywfwdwd avhvmcGif;&cJh onf? 1972 ckESpfwGif w¶[email protected]=um;csuft& yg&*lrsm;tzGJ@udkOD;aqmifI &ufowW (3) ywfoGm;a&mufavhvmcJhonf? 1978 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,l+yD;aemuf 1979 ckESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd a[mifaumif¶Sd aq;¶Hk}uD;(2)ckwGif oGm;a&muftr_xrf;cJhonf? 1982 ckESpfwGif EdkifiHjcm;rSjyefa&mufvm+yD; aemuf &efukef+rdK@¶Sd A[ef;+rdK@e,fZD0dw'geoHCmhaq;¶HkESifh oDv¶Sifrsm;aq;¶HkwGif apwemorm;awmf}uD; tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (21)&ufae@wGifa=unmcJht+yD; ppftm%m¶Sifrsm;u wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkEdkifiHa&;ygwDacgif;aqmif wOD;jzpfol OD;apmjratmiftm; zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;cJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/ pufwif bmv (17)&ufae@&ufpGJ jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwDrS a'gufwmOD;apmjratmiftm; jynfol@v$wfawmf OuUX tjzpf a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufvdkufa=umif;a=unmcJhonf? zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&&mrS 2001 ckESpf/ ZGefv (13) &ufae@wGif jyefvGwfonf? ÙÙÙÙÙ

- 355 -

2002 ckESpf/ arv (27)&ufae@wGifusif;yjyKvkyfaom trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ (12)ajrmuf ESpfywfvnfae@tcrf;tem;wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unfajym=um;onfhrdef@cGef;? usrwdk@ ,ae@ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD;tzJG@csKyf0ifawGtm;vHk;udkawG@&onfhtwGuf trsm;}uD;yJ0rf;om ygw,f// }udKqkdygw,f? 'D{nfhonfawmf}uD;rsm;udkvnf; usrwkd@óudqkdygw,f? 'gayr,fh rSefrSefajym&vdk@&Sd&if awmh usrwdk@tm;vHk;xJrSm aus;Zl;wif&wmuawmh usrwdk@&J@tzJG@csKyf0ifawGyJjzpfygw,f// usrwdk@tzJG@csKyf 0ifawG&J@}uHh}uHhcdkifwJhpdwf"gwfa=umifhrdk@vdk@ usrwdk@ 'DtcsdefrSm 'Dae&mrSma&mufaewmyg// a&G;aumufyGJusify +yD;cJhwmqdkvdk@&Sd&if (12)ESpf&SdoGm;yg+yD? (12)ESpfqdkwmenf;wJhumvr[kwfygbl;// a&G;aumufyGJrusif;yrDumv uqdk&if vlawGtrsm;}uD;uae+yD;/ wufwufºuGºuGESifh a&G;aumufyGJawG+yD;wJhtcgusvdk@&Sd&if usrwdk@ trsKd; om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfuatmifyGJ&tcg=uvdk@&Sd&if 'Drdkua&pD&jyD;awmh usrwdk@EdkifiH}uD;[m csrf;csrf;omom jzpfoGm;rSmyJvdk@ar#mfvifhcJ=uw,f// usrwdk@trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyf[m a&G;aumufyJGrSmEdkifr,fvdk@qdkwm vnf; jynfolvlxk&J@taetxm;/ wdkif;jynf&J@taetxm;udkodwJhvlawGutm;vHk; tJ'Dtcsdefuwnf;uae +yD;awmh odae=uygw,f// usrwdk@a&G;aumufyGJudkEdkif+yD;wJhtcgrSm ar#mfrSef;cJhovdk 'Drdkua&pD;tpdk;&vnf;jzpfrvmbl;// usrwddk@ wdkif;jynf[mvnf; usrwdk@ar#mfrSe;f cJhovdkwdk;wufr_awGjzpfrvmbl;// 'Dawmh quf+yD;awmh usrwdk@taeESifh &kef;uefcJh&ygw,f// 'Dvkdquf+yD;awmh&kef;uefcJhEdkifwo Jh wWdawGufdk usrtrsm;}uD;yJcsD;r$rf;ygw,f// txl;ojzifh &kef;uefwJhae&mrSm rnnf;r!lyJESifh&kef;uefcJhwJhowWdawGudk usrwdk@csD;r$rf;ygw,f// wu,fapwemrSefrSefeJ@ vkyfw,fqdkvdk@&Sd&if nnf;!lp&mvnf;bmrSrvdkygbl;// ukd,fuae+yD;awmh/ cH}uD;yJqdk+yD;awmh/ pdwfxJrSmcHpm; p&mawGbmrSr&Sdygbl;// usrwdk@&J@tzJG@csKyf0ifawGeJ@ tjcm;'Drdkua&pDvdkvm;wJhtodkif;0dkif;awGqdkvdk@&Sd&if wu,f yJapwemrSefrSefeJ@vkyfcJhwJholawGu rdrdwdk@udk,frdrd odyf+yD;awmhvkyfcJh&wmyJ/ yifyef;wmyJqdk+yD;awmh nnf;!l csifwJhpdwfawGvHk;vHk;r&Sdbl;qdkwm usrwdk@jrifawG@&ygw,f// tJ'gtwGufvnf; trsm;}uD;yJ*k%f,lygw,f// wESpfeJ@wESpf umvawGajymif;vmcJhovdk tajctaeawGuvnf;ajymif;vmcJhygw,f// tifrwefrScufcJwJh tcsdeftcgawGudkvnf;ausmfjzwfcJh&w,f// tifrwefrS wcsKd@twGuf pdwfysufp&maumif;wJhtajctaeawG vnf;ausmfjzwfcJh&w,f// odk@ayr,fh usrwdk@trmcHawGxJu pdwfysufw,fvdk@vnf;r&Sdbl;// tcuftcJawG a=umifhrdk@vdk@wGef@oGm;w,fvdk@vnf;r&Sdbl;qdkwm usrwdk@jrif&ygw,f? wcsKd@usawmhvnf; '%frcHEdkifvdk@ ab; rSmjywfususef&pfcJhwJh usrwdk@vkyfazmfudkifzufawGvnf;&Sdygw,f? usrtjrJbJajymwJhtwdkif;yJ vkyfEdkifo avmufvkyfay;wJhtwGuf usrwdk@aus;Zl;wifygw,f? quf+yD;awmhvkyfray;Edkifwmawmh/ usrwdk@0rf;enf; wmuvGJvdk@ bmrSrajymEdkfifbl;aygh// 'D tckxdwpdkufrwfrwfvkyfcJhwJh usrwdk@&J@tzJG@0ifawGufkdawmh tvkyfwck ukd pvkyf+yDqdkvdk@&Sd&if qkH;cef;wdkifatmifvkyfEdkifzdk@vkdygw,f// tJ'Dawmh qkH;cef;wkdifatmifvkyfEkdifwJh ZJG/ 0d&d,awGarG;zdk@awmh usraqmf=ocsifygw,f? tck 'Dtajc taea&mufaewJhtcgrSm tifrwefrSvG,foGm;+yDvm;vdk@/ wcsKd@uxifaumif;xifygvdrfhr,f? tckvnf; rvG,fao;ygbl;? quf+yD;awmhvkyf&tkH;rSmbJ? tcuftcJtusyftwnf;awGu trsm;}uD;&Sd&tkH;rSmbJ// wu,fpOf;pm;=unfhr,fqdkvdk@&Sd&if usrwdk@vdkEdkifiaH &;v_yf&Sm;r_[m tcuftcJawGyaysmufoGm;w,fqkdwm r&SdoavmufygbJ// tcuftcJawGyaysmufoGm;w,fqdkwJhtcgqdkvkd@&Sd&if usrwdk@&J@v_yf&Sm;r_wdk@vnf; vdktyf rSmr[kwfygbl;// usrwdk@qufjyD;awmhv_yf&Sm;zdk@qdkwmvnf; rvkdawmhygbl;// 'ga=umifh wenf;tm;jzifhajym &&if usrwdk@tzJG@csKyf[m ukd,fh&J@tvkyfwGifus,fzdk@twGuf udk,fvkyfaew,fvdk@vnf;ajymEdkifygw,f// usrwdk@ 'Drkdua&pD&&SdoGm;+yDqdkvdk@&Sd&if trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyf&J@t"du&nf&G,fcsufjynfh0oGm;+yDqdkvdk@&Sd&if usr wkd@quf+yD;awmhvkyfaezdk@&m ta=umif;uawmh odyf+yD;awmhr&Sdawmhygbl;// 'Dvdkajymcsif;tm;jzifh 'Drdkua&pD - 356 -

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,ae@onf ausmif;om;ausmif;ol/ &[ef;&Sif/ vl/ jynfoltaygif;wkd@. wpfcJeufqENjycJhonfh 1988 ckESpf 'Drdkua&pDv_yf&Sm;r_}uD;rSay:aygufvm&aom ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ(13)ESpfjynfhajrmuf aomae@ jzpfayonf? jynfolvlxk}uD;. toufaoG;ac|;aygif;rsm;pGmpGef@v$wf&if;ESD;cJhr_a=umihf EdkifiHawmf.tm%mudk odrf;,lxm;aom EdkifiHawmf+idrf;0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk 1990 jynfhESpf/ arv(27)&ufae@wGifusif;yay;cJh&onf? vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waom ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxG axGa&G;aumufyGJusif;yI jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufEdkif&ef tm%mydkiftzGJ@ u 1989 ckESpf/ arv(31)&ufae@pGJyg Oya'trSwf(14§89)jzifh “jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'”udk jyXmef;cJhayonf? 1990 jynfhESpf arv(27)&ufae@wGifusif;ycJhaom ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJonf EdkifiHwumrSmuJhodk@ 'Drdkua&pDtpdk;&wpf&yfuusif;yay;cJhaom a&G;aumufyGJtrsdK;tpm;r[kwfyg? jrefrmEdkifiH 1960 jynfhESpf/ wdkif;jynfjyKygwDrefa&G;aumufyGJuJhodk@aom a&G;aumufyGJvnf;r[kwfyg? EdkifiHawmftm%mudk odrf;,lcJhaom EdkifiHawmfjidrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@. a=unmcsuftrSwf(1§88) tydk'f(1)/ pwkwˆ tcsufjzpfonfh ² ² ² “txufygvkyfief;&yfrsm;jynfhpHk+yD;v#if ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;”[lonf t& usif;ycJhaoma&G;aumufyGJjzpfayonf? TygwDpH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJY rJqEN&Sifjynfolvlxkonf *k%foduQm}uD;rm;aomZGJ/ owWd/ oEMdXmefwdk@jzifh tm%mydkifwdk@tm;&ifqdkifv#uf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f(485)OD;udk a&G;cs,f wifajr‡mufcJh=uayonf? tqdkyga&G;aumufyGJwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfonf wEdkifiHvHk;wGifrJqENe,f (392)ae&mtEdkif&&SdcJhayonf? [email protected]"dur[mrdwfygwDrsm;jzpf=uaom trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwDrS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f(3)OD;ESifh rsdK;cspf&J@abmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@rS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f(1)OD; a&G;cs,fcHcJh=u&ojzifh tzGJ@csKyfjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fpkpkaygif;(396)OD;tEdkif&&SdcJhayonf? jynfol vlxkwpf&yfvHk;u TuJhodk@wcJeufaxmufcHr_ay;onfudk/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDzGJ@csKyfu txl;tav;teuf xm;a=umif;/ txl;*k%f,la=umif;/ rSwfwrf;wiftyfa=umif; a=unmtyfayonf? a&G;aumufyGJY trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftEdkif&jcif;onf jynfolvlxku [email protected]'Drdk ua&pDa&G;aumufyGJa=unmpmwrf;yg rl0g'oabmxm;rsm;udktaumiftxnfazmfaqmif&ef Oya'ESifhtnD vkyfydkifcGifhjyKcJhjcif;jzpfayonf? wenf;tm;jzifh rJqEN&Sifjynfolvlxkudk,fpm; EkdifiH.uH=urRmudkzefwD;Edkif&ef tzGJ@csKyftm;wm0eftyfESifhvdkufjcif; jzpfayonf? odk@jzpfygI tm%mydkifrsm;u a&G;aumufyGJ&v'fESihftnD jynfol@v$wfawmfac:,lzGJ@pnf;a&;wm0ef ukdqufvufaqmif&Guf&rnfjzpfayonf? rdrdwkd@xkwfjyefcJhaom “jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'” (Oya'trSwf 14§89) tcef;(2)/ yk'fr(3)wGif jyXmef;xm;onfh “v$wfawmfudk rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya' ESifhtnD a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufvdkufaom v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifh zGJ@pnf;&rnf”[lonfESifhtnD aqmif&Guf&rnfjzpfayonf? aqmif&Gufay;&rnfhwm0efvnf;rvGJraoG&Sdaeayonf? “v$wfawmfzGJ@pnf;jcif;” onf a&G;aumufyGJwm0ef,lusif;yay;cJhaomtm%mydkifrsm;tay: Oya't&wm0ef&Sdayonf? Oya'jyXmef; olonf Oya'ESihftnDpDrHaqmuf&Guf&rnf? Oya'jyKolonf Oya'csdK;azgufolrjzpfoihfay? - 361 -

trSefpifppf jynfol@v$wfawmfac:,lzGJ@pnf;ay;a&;[lonf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfut}udrf }udrfawmif;qdk&rnfhudpPrsdK;r[kwfay? a&G;aumufyGJtm;OD;pD;OD;aqmifusif;yay;cJhaom tm%mydkifrsm;onf a&G;aumufyGJusif;yay;+yD;aemuf wqufwnf;aqmuf&Guf&rnfhwm0efomjzpfayonf? odk@aomf EdkifiHawmf jidrf0yfydjym;r__wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@§EdkifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifhzGH@jzdK;a&;aumifpDonf v$wfawmfac:,l zGJ@pnf;jcif;udkjiif;y,faeonf? TonfrSm EdkifiHawmfESifhEdkifiHom;rsm;ay: vlod&Sif=um;ay;cJh+yD;jzpfaom atmufyguwdopPmrsm;udk tm%mydkifrsm;uazmufzsufjcif;jzpfayonf? 27-3-89 ae@uusif;ycJhaom (44)ESpfajrmuf awmfvSefa&;ae@(wyfrawmfae@)Y wyfrawmfum uG,fa&;OD;pDcsKyfu atmufygtwdkif;ajym=um;cJhayonf? “wdk@wyfrawmf&J@ 'kwd,ajrmufta&;}uDwJhwm0efuawmh EdkifiHawmfjidrf0yfydjym;r_wnf aqmufa&;ESifh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;wm0efjzpfw,f?” “ ² ² ² a&G;aumufyGJ+yD;&if vdktyfwmawGaqmif&Guf+yD;wJhaemuf jynfol@qENeJ@a&G;cs,fvdkuf wJhjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fawGu Oya'eJ@tnDa&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufwJhtpdk;&opf ay:ayguf vmrSmjzpfw,f” “tJ'Dtpdk;&opftaeeJ@ EdkifiHawmfudkqufvufOD;aqmifoGm;&mrSm jynfolvlxk&J@tusdK; pD;yGm;twGuf tpGrf;aqmifEdkifqHk;azmfaqmifoGm;vdrfhr,fvdk@ar#mfrSef;xm;w,f/ ² ² ² wkd@wyfrawmf om;awGtzdk@uawmh ppfwef;v#m;udkjyefoGm;jyD; wdk@&J@rlvt"duwm0ef}uD;jzpfwJh tckajym=um;&m rSmyg0ifwJhwm0ef}uD;awGudk OD;vnfrokefqufvuf}udK;yrf;aqmif&GufoGm;&rSmyJjzpfw,f?” 9-1-90 ae@wGif EdkifiHawmfjidrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ OuUX/ wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD; csKyfu atmufygtwdkif;ajym=um;cJhayonf? “ EkdifiHawmftm%meJ@ywfoufvdk@vJ/ wkd@t}udrf}udrfajym+yD;+yDyJjzpfw,f/ a&G;aumufyGJ+yD; wme@J Oya'ESihftnDtpkd;&zGJ@=u/ ,l=uaygh? tJ'Dtpdk;&jzpfvmatmif a&G;aumufyGJuvkyfay;&rSmyJ/ 'guwdk@wm0efyJ/ a&G;aumufyGJ+yD;&if w&m;Oya't&tpkd;&tzGJ@wckjzpfvmzdk@uawmh wdk@wyfrawmf wm0efr[kwfbl;? 'g twdtvif; yGihfyGihfvif;vif; tckuwnf;uajymxm;wmyJjzpfw,f? ² ² ² ” “ ² ² ² tckwrsdK;/ tckwrsdK;qdk&if uwdrwnf/ uwdrwnfvdk@&Sd&if oHo,pdwfawGjzpf w,fqdkwmrsdK;awmh wyfrawmftaeeJ@rjzpfrcHEdkifbl;/ wu,fawmh wyfrawmfqdkwm[m wdkif;jynf tay:opPmcHwmyJ// tpdk;&qdkwmuvnf; wdkif;oljynfom;trsm;pk&J@ a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufvdk@ jynfol awGudkudk,fpm;jyK+yD;jzpfay:vmwJh tzGJ@tpnf;/ wyfrawmf[m tpdk;&atmufrSm&Sd&r,f ² ² ² ” “wdk@wpfawG[m tm%mudka&&Snf,lxm;r,fh tzGJ@tpnf;rSr[kwfbJ” 27-3-90 ae@uusif;yaom (45)ESpfajrmufawmfvSefa&;ae@(wyfrawmfae@)Y umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf u atmufygtwdkif;ajym}um;cJhayonf// “wyfrawmftaeeJ@uawmh a&G;aumufyGJtwGufyJ uwday;xm;w,f//” - 362 -

“EdkifiHawmfrSm b,ftpdk;&yJwufwuf/ b,fygwDyJtm%m&&/ wdk@wyfrawmfuawmh wyf rawmfom;awGyDyD EdkifiHawmftusdK;pD;yGg;twGuf opPm&Sd&Sd/ wm0efodod xrf;aqmifoGm;}urSmyJjzpf w,f/ wdk@[m ae@pOfeHeufw}udrf/ naew}udrf pOfqufrjywf opPmt"dXmef(4)csufudk&Gwfqdk+yD; opPmudkOD;xdyfyefqifxm;}uolawGjzpfw,f/ wdk@[m Aavmif;AvJrajymbl;/ uvdrfuuspfvnf; rvkyfbl;/ jynfolvlxkudkvnf;rvSnfhpm;bl;/ wdk@&ifxJrSm&SdwJhtwdkif; &dk;&dk;yJzGifh[ajymwwfw,f// ” xdk@twl EdkifiHawmfjidrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ twGif;a&;rSL;(1)uvnf; 11-9-90 &ufae@ wGifusif;yaom (104)}udrfajrmufowif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJY atmufygtwdkif;&Sif;vif;ajym}um;cJhayonf// “tckvdk vGwfvyf+yD;w&m;r#wr_&SdwJh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;udk rlv owfrSwfxm;wJhtwdkif;atmifatmifjrifjrifusif;yay;cJhwm[m EdkifiHawmfjidrf0yfydjym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@taeeJ@ tm%mv$Jay;csifvdk@yJvkyfay;cJhjcif;jzpfygw,f// tm%mv$J ay;zdk@qENr&Sdbl;/ &nf&G,fcsufr&Sdbl;qdk&if tJ'Da&G;aumufyGJ[m vkyfay;p&mta}umif;r&Sd ygbl;// &Sif;aeygw,f// ² ² ² ” “ EdkifiHawmftm%mudk v$Jajymif;ay;tyfcsifwJhqENr&Sdbl;/ &moufyeftm%mudkqkyfudkif xm;vdkw,fqdkwJhpGyfpGJcsufawG[m tckxdrukefao;ygbl;/ EdkifiHhtm%mudk &moufyefqkyf udkifxm;vdkw,fqdk&if jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;udk ,ckvdk}udK;}udK;pm;pm;vkyfay; p&mta}umif;r&Sdygbl;/ EdkifiHhtm%mudkv$Jajymif;ay;zdk@ rlvuwnf;uqEN&Sdvdk@om a&G; aumufyGJ}uD;udkjyKvkyfay;cJhwmyJjzpfw,fqdkwm oabmaygufoifhygw,f// ” jynfol@v$wfawmfac:,lrnfhae@ESifhywfoufIvnf; EdkifiHawmfjidrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@. (90)}udrfajrmufowif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJwGif ² ² ² “ ² ² ² yxrt}udrf jynfol@v$wfawmftpnf;ta0; ac:,lrnfh&ufowfrSwfxm;r_r&Sdjcif; ESifhywfoufIar;jref;csufudk ajz}um;&mwGif/ a&G;aumufyGJ+yD;v#if ta&G;cH&onfh v$wf awmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm; nd‡E_dif;aqmif&Gu&f rnfjzpfa}umif;”[lI twdtvif; w&m;0if ajym}um;cJhonf// jrefrmEdkifiH. a&G;aumufyGJ+yD;onfh (13)ESpfwmumvtawG@t}uHKudk jyefvnfoHk;oyfv#if tm%m ydkifrsm;onf ,if;wdk@xkwfjyefxm;aom Oya'rsm;/ trdef@/ a}unmcsufrsm;/ uwdopPmpum;rsm;udk ,ae@ txd av;pm;vdkufemtaumiftxnfrazmfcJhyg// jynfol@qENudk csdK;ESdrfv#pfv#L&SKonfhoabm oufa&muf aomvkyf&yfrsm; atmufygtwdkif;&SdcJhygonf// (1) 28-7-90 ae@u trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. *E
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(2) jynfolhv$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'udkjyifqifonfhOya' (Oya'trSwf-10§91) xkwf jyefI tm%mydkifrsm;.trdef@trSwf(4§91)jzpfaom “jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'yg +idrf0yf ydjym;r_qdkif&mjypfr_ESifh tusifhpm&dwWysufjym;r_ESifhywfoufaomjypfr_rsm;udk owfrSwfonfhtrdef@” xkwfjyefcJhjcif;/ ,if;trdef@tay:rlwnfI v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf&yfwnfydkifcGifhr&Sda}umif; jyXmef;cJhonfomru wcsdK@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,rf sm;tm;(10)ESpftwGif;usif;yrnfh a&G;aumufyGJ wGif yg0ifa&G;aumufcGifhr&Sd[k Oya'aemufa}umif;jyefIjyXmef;cJhjcif;// (3) ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk atmifjrifpGmusif;ya&;vkyfief;w&yftwGuf om a&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifzGJ@pnf;xm;cJhaomfvnf; a&G;aumufyGJ+yD;qHk;+yD;aemufwGif oufqdkif&mrJqENe,fwGif,SOfjydKifonfh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; odk@r[kwf rJqEN&Sifwdk@. uef@uGufav#mufxm;jcif;r&SdbJ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwcsdK@. a&G;aumufyGJukefusp&dwfwifoGif; onfhudpP&yfrsm;udk Oya'jyXmef;csufESifhqef@usifI aumfr&Sifuta&;,laqmif&GufcJhjcif;? (4) a&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sifonf a&G;cs,fwifajrSmufjcif;cH&aom jynfol@v$wf awmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;xHodk@ jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'frcGJ(8)ESifhtnD “a&G;aumuf wifajr‡mufjcif;cH&aom v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftrnfudka=unmjcif;”ESifh jrefrmEdkifiHjyefwrf;wGif vnf; “a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&aomjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf xnfhoGif;a=unm cJh+yD;jzpfaomfvnf; Tae@T&uftxd ,if;.t"duwm0efjzpfaom t+yD;owftpD&ifcHpmay:xGuf vmjcif;r&Sdao;ay? odk@jzpf&m vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waoma&G;aumufyGJ atmifjrifpGmusif;yEdkifa&; twGufzGJ@pnf;cJhaom ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif. *k%foduQmxd cdkufvmcJh&jcif;? (5) xdk@xuf *k%foduQmxdcdkufaomvkyf&yfrSm ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ (6) ESpfajrmufESpfywfvnftcrf;tem;ESifh 27-9-96 ae@usif;yrnfh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. EdkifiH vHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHusif;yjcif;tm; [ef@wm;onfhtaejzifh tzGJ@0ifrsm;tygt0if tzGJ@csKyfudk,fpm;jyK jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;(238)OD;tm;zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;cJh+yD;/ wcsdK@aomv$wfawmfudk,fpm; vS,frsm;tm; t=uyfudkifzdtm;ay;+cdrf;ajcmufI Oya'ESifhudkufnDjcif;r&SdbJ E_wfxGufapcJhjcif;? (6) jynfol@v$wfawmfac:,lzGJ@pnf;a&;ESifhywfoufI (8)ESpftxd tm%mykdifrsm;onf wm0efrJhysufuGufr_a=umifh rJqEN&Sifjynfolvlxk.qENESifhtnD trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfu wdkif; &if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;yg0ifaom jynfol@v$wfawmfwpf&yftm;ac:,lzGJ@pnf;ay;&ef a=unmcsuftrSwf - 35 (8§98)tm;xkwfjyefonfhtcg 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmvrSpI tzGJ@csKyftzGJ@0if(615)OD;ESifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f(200)tm; ppfwyfpcef;rsm;wGif Oya'rJhzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;cJhjcif;? (7) zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;pOf wcsdK@aomjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tm; enf; trsdK;rsdK;jzifh zdtm;ay;t=uyfudkifI E_wfxGufapjcif;/ wcsdK@aomudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tm; jynfol@ qENtm;rsufuG,fjyKI tzGJ@csKyfudkopPmazguf&ef rufvHk;ay;odrf;oGif;cJhjcif;/ jynfolvlxk.ppfrSef aomqENjzpfaom jynfol@v$wfawmfac:,lzGJ@pnf;a&;rludkudkifpGJI&yfwnfcJhaom v$wfawmfudk,fpm; vS,frsm;tm; ppfwyfpcef;rsm;Y (3)ESpfcef@rw&m;csKyfaESmifxm;cJhjcif;?

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(8) wcsdefwnf;wGif tm%mydkifrsm;onf 4if;[email protected];t=uyfwufa&muf apaom vlpkvla0;rsm;Y oufqdkif&mrJqENe,frsm;wGif w&m;0if&yfwnfaeaomjynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk “t,Hkt=unfr&Sd”[k [pfatmfapjcif;/ a&G;aumufyGJOya'yg jyXmef;csufrsm; udk v#pfv#L&_I jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udkraxmufcHa=umif;/ vlxkudk tEdkifusifhvSnfh pm;+yD; twif;t"rRvufrSwfa&;xdk;apjcif;? (9) ,ae@txd tusOf;axmifrsm;Y jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f(17)OD;tm; tusOf;cs xm;jcif;? txufygenf;rsdK;pHkjzifh tm%mydkifrsm;}udK;yrf;cJh=uaomfvnf;/ 1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ&v'ftm;av;pm;a&;onf jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;omru EdkifiHwumtodkif;t0dkif;wGif txufoefqHk;vdkvm;csuf/ tjyif;jyqHk;qENjzpfvmayonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G; aumufyGJ&v'fonf 'Drdkua&pDudk jynfolvlxkuvdkvm;a=umif; jyovdkufjcif;jzpfonf[laom urBmhukv or*~taxGaxGnDvmcHtoD;oD;.qHk;jzwfcsufudk jrefrmEdkifiHtm%mydkifrsm;u av;pm;vdkufem&efwm0ef &Sdayonf? ,ae@ EdkifiHwumtajctaeudkavhvmqef;ppfjyefv#if EdkifiHwumtodkif;t0dkif;. qENoabm xm;udkypfy,fI tm%m&Sifpepfudkxm0pOfwnfwHhatmifpGrf;aqmifEdkifrnf[laomtcsuf xif&Sm;vmay onf// rdrdEdkifiHonf urBmhukvor*~tzGJ@wGif tzGJ@0ifEdkifiHjzpfonfhtm;av#mfpGm 4if;.qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk av;pm;vdkufem+yD; tm%mydkifrsm;udk,fwdkifa&;qGJjyXmef;aoma&G;aumufyGJOya'jzifh }uD;rSL;usif;yay;cJhaom 1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ&v'fESifhtnD jynfol@v$wfawmfw&yf tjrefqHk;ac:,l zGJ@pnf;ay;&ef vdktyfayonf// jynfolhv$wfawmfzGJ@pnf;r_rjyKrjcif; tm%mydkifrsm;udk,fwdkifujynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya' udk csdK;azgufaeojzifh “w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;”[laom tm%mydkifrsm;.a}uG;a}umfoHudk tm%mydkifrsm;u ysuf&,fjyK&musayonf// usifh0wfoduQmt&vnf;aumif;/ w&m;Oya'pHE_ef;t&vnf;aumif;/ rdrdjyXmef; xm;aomOya'rsm;udk oduQm&SdpGm&dkaoav;pm;&ayrnf// ,ae@EdkifiHwumtajctaerSm tjynfjynfqdkif&m vl@tcGifhta&;a}unmpmwrf;ygpHE_ef;rsm;tm; w&m;rJhjyKusifhonfudkvufrcH}uawmhay// wyfrawmfom;rsm;tygt0if EdkifiHolEdkifiHom;rsm;qENrJay;cJh}uaom 1990 jynfhESpf/ a&G;aumufyGJ &v'fudkv#pfv#LjyKxm;jcif;onf jrefrmEkdifiHyg0ifvufrSwfa&;xdk;xm;aom tjynfjynfqdkif&mvl@tcGifhta&; a}unmpmwrf;yg atmufygtajccHrlrsm;udkqef@usifI csdK;azmufa}umif; jyo&ma&mufayonf// tydk'f(21) wGif ² ² ² “ (1) vlwdkif;wGif rdrdEdkifiH.tkyfcsKyfa&;Y udk,fwdkifjzpfap/ vGwfvyfpGma&G;cs,fvdkufonfh udk,fpm; vS,frsm;rSwqifhjzpfap yg0ifaqmif&GufEdkifcGifh&Sdonf ” [lIjyXmef;xm;ayonf// ,if;tydk'f(21)yg tajccHrlrsm;udkqef@usifjcif;onf vl@tcGifhta&;csdK;azmufr_. t&kyfqdk;tusnf;wefaom oufaoom"ujzpfayonf// odk@jzpfI urBmhukvor*~taxGaxGnDvmcHu vnf;aumif;/ tjynfjynfqdkif&mvl@tcGifhta&;aumfr&Siftpnf;ta0;rsm;uvnf;aumif;/ 1990 jynfhESpf/ a&G;aumufyGJ&v'fudk jynfolvlxk.qENESifhtnDtaumiftxnfazmfay;&ef t}udrf}udrftcgcg wnDw!Gwf wnf; qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;csrSwfcJhayonf// - 365 -

a&G;aumufyGJ&v'fqdkonfrSm [email protected];jzpfrvmv#if rvdkrvdkovdk yHkyef;zsufypfI&aom t&mr[kwfay// wyfrawmfom;rsm;tygt0if jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;.qENrJt& tqHk;tjzwfay;cJhaom 1990 jynfESpf/ a&G;aumufyGJ&v'fudk tm%mydkifrsm;u av;pm;pGm rvGJraoGtaumiftxnfazmf&ef t"du wm0ef&Sdayonf// a&G;aumufyGJ&v'fudktodtrSwfjyKjcif;onf jynfolvlxk.oabmqENudk Oya't&vnf;aumif;/ usifh0wfoduQmt&vnf;aumif; &dkaoav;pm;jcif;jzpfayonf// jynfol@qENudkwefzdk;xm;av;pm;todtrSwfjyKaom/ trsdK;om;'[email protected]&G;aumufyGJ &v'ftay:xm;&Sdaomoabmxm;&yfwnfcsufonf &Si;f vif;jywfom;ayonf// trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;a':atmifqef;pk}unfu 28-5-98 ae@wGif atmufygtwdkif; rdef@cGef;ajym}um; cJhayonf// “usrwdk@EdkifiH&JhtawG@t}uHKt& jznfhpGufajymqdkvdkwmuawmh a&G;aumufyGJusif;y+yD;&if a&G;aumufyGJ&v'fudktaumiftxnfazmfay;zdk@vnf; vdkao;w,fqdkwJhtcsufygyJ// a&G;aumufyGJ &v'fudktaumiftxnfrazmfwm[m xrif;pm;zdwf/ xrif;yGJjyif/ pm;yGJrSmxdkifcdkif;+yD;rS rpm;&bl; qdkjyD; xrif;[if;awGjyef+yD;odrf;oGm;ovdkygyJ/ {nfhonfawGudkapmfum;wJhvkyf&yfyg// 1990 ckESpf/ a&G; aumufyGJ&v'fudktaumiftxnfrazmfay;wm[m jynfolw&yfvHk;udk vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;apmfum; &ma&mufw,f// ” “tm%mydkifawG[m rdrdwdk@oabmruswJh a&G;aumufyGJ&v'fqdk&if v#pfv#L&SKvdkuf/ vdkcsif wJh&v'fjzpfvmEdk;Edk; a&G;aumufyGJtopfawGusif;yvdkufeJ@vkyfaer,fqdk&ifawmh wdkifjynf&J@ tem *wfeJ@ upm;&ma&mufygvdrfhr,f/ wdkif;jynf&J@tem*wfqdkwm[m upm;&r,fht&mr[kwfygbl;/ wav;wpm;eJ@apmifha&SmufoGm;&r,fht&momjzpfygw,f/ 'ga}umihf 1990 jynfhESpf/ a&G;aumufyGJ &v'fudk taumiftxnfrazmfbJ aemufa&G;aumufyGJtopfusif;ya&;udk trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyfu vHk;0vufcHrSmr[kwfb;l vdk@ qHk;jzwfxm;wmjzpfygw,f ” “1990 jynfESpfa&G;aumufyGJ&v'fudk tjrefqHk;taumiftxnfazmfay;zdk@vdkygw,f// yxr ajcvSrf;taeeJ@ jynfol@v$wfawmfac:ay;&ygvdrfhr,f// ” jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya't& “v$wfawmfqdkonfrSm jynfol@v$wfawmfudkqdkonf//”[k jyXmef;xm;ayonf// zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'a&;qGJtwnfjyKydkifcGifhtm%mom&Sdaom wdkif;jynfjyKv$wf awmfr[kwfay// jynfol@v$wfawmfqdkonfrSm wdkif;jynf.zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' a&;qGJtwnfjyKydkifcGifh &Sdonfomru Oya'jyKa&;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;/ w&m;pD&ifa&;tm%mrsm;yg vkyfydkifcGifh&Sdfayonf? tb,fh a=umifhqdkaomf jynfol@v$wfawmfqdkonfrSm EdkifiHom;rsm;udk,fpm;EdkifiHawmf.tcsKyftjcmtm%mudk cH,l usifhoHk;aom EdkifiHawmf.tjrifhqHk;tm%mydkifrsm;tzGJ@tpnf;jzpfayonf? wdkif;jynfudk 'Drdkua&pDjynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmftjzpfwnfaqmufrnfqdkv#if tcsKyftjcmtm%m onf jynfolvlxkxHrSqif;ouf&rnf/ tpdk;&onf jynfolvlxk.oabmqENtay:tajccH&rnf jzpfayonf?

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a&G;aumufyGJ&v'fudkav;pm;taumiftxnfazmfjcif;[lonf jynfol@qENudk&dkaoav;pm;jcif;jzpfayonf? odk@rSom EdkifiHtusdK;jyKvkyfief;rsm;Y jynfolvlxk. xufoefaomyl;aygif;yg0ifr_&&Sdrnfjzpfayonf? ,ae@EdkifiHawmfwGif&ifqdkifae&aom EdkifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&;ponfh taxGaxGt=uyftwnf; rsm;udk jynfolvlxk.wcJeufaomtiftm;rsm;&,lIajz&Sif;Edkif&ef taumif;qHk;enf;vrf;rSm jynfolvlxku a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&aom v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifhzGJ@pnf;xm;aom v$wfawmfrSwqifh aqmif&Gufjcif;yifjzpfayonf? Todk@aqmif&GufEdkif&eftwGuf v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;u 4if;[email protected];udk xrf;aqmif cGifh&&Sd&rnfjzpfayonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya't& “v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fqdkonfrSm v$wf awmfodk@a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&oludkqdkonf”[kjyXmef;xm;ayonf? odk@aomfv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f rsm;u ,ae@txd yxrt}udrfjynfol@v$wfawmftpnf;ta0; ac:,lusif;yEdkifjcif;r&Sdao;onfrSm tm%m ydkifrsm;.wm0efysufuGufaer_a=umifhjzpfayonf? odk@twGuf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfESifh r[mrdwf wdkif;&if;om;EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;.jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f(251)OD;wdk@u aqmif&GufEdkifcGifhay;xm;ojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm; w&m;0ifqHk;jzwfvkyfEdkifcGifh&Sdaom “1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G; aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvdkufaom jynfol@v$wfawmfudkudkf,fpm;jyKonfhaumfrwD (jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm; jyKaumfrwD)udk zGJ@pnf;xm;+yD;jzpfayonf? EdkifiHtwGufta&;w}uD;vdktyfaeaom zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'a&;qGJa&;tygt0if EdkifiHtusdK; jyKvkyfief;rsm; atmifjrifpGmtaumiftxnfazmfEdkif&ef tm%mydkifrsm;taejzifh Oya't& jynfol@v$wfawmf ac:,lzGJ@pnf;jcif;ESifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;wm0efxrf;aqmifEdkifcGifhwdk@tm; jiif;y,faejcif;rSm vHk;0rjzpf oifhrjzpfxdkufay? Todk@jyKvkyfaeor#umvywfvHk; tm%mydkifrsm;onf jrefrmEdkifiHY ordkif;pmrsufESmopf zGifhvSpfEdkifrnfr[kwfay? ordkif;pmrsufESmaemufzufvSef+yD; rdrdjyXmef;cJhaom Oya'/ trdef@/ a=unmcsufESifh rdrday;xm;cJhaomuwdu0wfrsm;udk csdK;azmufoltjzpf jrefrmEdkifiHordkif;Y raumif;aomxHk;om"u usef&pf rnfomjzpfayrnf? ordkif;YtrJuGuf}uD;usefaernfjzpfonf? xdk@tjyif tjynfjynfqdkif&mpHE_ef;t&vnf; “jynfoljynfom;[email protected] tkyfcsKyfr_tm%m.tajccHjzpf&rnf”[laom vl@tcGifhta&;/rlrsm;udk qef@ usifcsdK;azmufoltjzpf urBmhrSwfwrf;wGifusef&pfrnfomjzpfayonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfzGJ@pnf;a&;[lonf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tay:Yvnf; wm0ef&Sday onf? txl;ojzifh tzGJ@csKyfrSjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf rdrdtm;qENrJay;vdkufonfh rJqEN&Sif rsm;tay:wGif txl;wm0ef&Sdayonf? rJqEN&Sifrsm;tm; av;pm;=u&rnf/ ypfy,fIrxm;&/ tzGJ@csKyfu xkwfjyefxm;aom “ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJa=unmpmwrf;”yg tcsufrsm;udkarhaysmufypf Ir&/ xdktcsufrsm;onf rJqEN&Sifjynfolvlxktay: 0efcHuwday;xm;onfrsm;jzpfayonf? wcsdefwnf;wGif rdrdtm;udk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpfa&G;cs,fwm0efay;vdkufaom tzGJ@csKyftay:wGif opPm&Sd&rnf/ tzGJ@csKyfu owfrSwfxm;onfh pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;udk vdkufem=u&rnfjzpfayonf? awG@qHkaqG;aEG;r_rSwqifh jynfol@v$wfawmfac:,lzGJ@pnf;+yD;/ 'Drdkua&pDjynfaxmifpkEdkifiHjzpfay:vm a&;twGuf a&G;aumufyGJoufwrf;(13)ESpfwif;wif;jynfcJhaom Tae@T&uftxd [email protected]/ udk,fydkif vGwfvyfcGifh/ pD;yGm;a&;/ rdom;pk&yfwnfa&;wdk@udkpGef@v$wftepfemcHum }udK;yrf;cJh=uaom/ }udK;yrf;aeqJjzpf aom jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tygt0if 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;tm; *k%fjyKrSwfwrf;wiftyfay onf? - 367 -

EdkifiHwumtv,fwGif qif;&JaomEdkifiHtjzpfrS wdk;wufaomEdkifiHjzpfvma&;twGuf tajymif;tvJ vdktyfcsufrsm;udkjznfhpGrf;Edkif&ef trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfonf trsdK;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;/ aqG;aEG;yGJ jzpfay:vma&;wdk@udk tpOfwpdkuf}udK;yrf;cJhayonf? ,Hk=unfr_wnfaqmufjcif;tqifhrS EdkifiHa&; t"dy`m,f jynfh0aomawG@qHkaqG;aEG;r_udk tjrefqkH;pwif&ef trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfbufu t+rJwrf;toifh&Sdae ayonf? wcsdefwnf;wGif rnfokd@yiftcuftcJtwm;tqD; c&D;=urf;rsm;}uHKawG@aeapumrl trsdK;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waoma&G;aumufyGJrSwqifh jynfolvlxku rdrdwkd@.'Drdkua&pDtcGifh ta&;t& rdrdwdk@}udKufESpfouf&mtpdk;&udkzGJ@pnf;Edkif&ef a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcJh+yD;jzpfI cdkifrmaom ZGJ/ owWd/ vHk@v/ 0D&d,wdk@udkqkyfudkifv#uf jynfolvlxkESifhtwl tajctaetcsdeftcgrsm;ESifhqDav#mfrnfh EdkifiHa&; vkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpfayonf?

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(c) “ ² ² ² ,ae@tajctaewGif jynfolrsm;ua¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufvdkufaom udk,fpm;vS,frsm; onf tem*wf'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHawmfzGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'udka&;qGJ=u&efwm0ef¶Sdonfhyk*~dKvfrsm;jzpfonf? ² ² ²” [kvnf;aumif; xkwfjyefa=unmcJhayonf? (7) ,cif EdkifiHawmfjidrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ twGif;a&;rSL;(1) (,ck EdkifiHawmf0ef}uD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyf}uD;cif!Gef@)u 11-9-90 &ufae@wGif ² ² ² (u) “ ² ² ² tckvdk vGwfvyf+yD;w&m;r#wwJh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ}uD;udk rlv owfrSwfxm;wJhtwdkif; atmifatmifjrifjrifusif;yay;cJhwm[m e-0-w tzGJ@taeeJ@ tm%m v$Jajymif;ay; csifvdk@yJ vkyfay;cJhjcif;jzpfygw,f? t%mv$Jay;zdk@qENr¶Sdbl;/ &nf¶G,fcsufr¶Sdbl;qdk&if tJ'Da¶G;aumufyGJ vkyf ay;p&mta=umif;r¶Sdbl;/ ¶Sif;aeygw,f? ² ² ² ” (c) “ ² ² ² EdkifiHawmftm%mudk v$Jajymif;ay;tyfcsifwJhqENr&Sdbl;? &moufyef tm%mudkqkyfudkif xm;vdkw,fqdkwJhpGyfpGJcsufawG[m tckxdrukefao;ygbl;? EdkifiHawmftm%mudk &moufyefqkyfudkifxm;vdk w,fqdk&if jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;udk tckvdk}udK;}udK;pm;pm;vkyfay;p&m ta=umif;r&Sdygbl;? EdkifiH awmftm%mudkv$Jajymif;ay;zdk@ rlvuwnf;uqEN&Sdvdk@om a&G;aumufyGJ}uD;udkjyKvkyfay;cJhwmyJjzpfw,fqkd wm oabmaygufoifhygw,f? ² ² ² ”[lIvnf; ajym=um;cJhayonf? (*) ,cif EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;Xme0ef}uD;OD;tkef;a*smfuvnf; (45)}udrfajrmuf ukvor*~taxGaxG nDvmcHY 9-10-90 &ufae@wGif ² ² ² “ ² ² ² us,fjyef@wJhtrsdK;om;nDvmcHwpf&yfudkvnf; ac:,lusif;yay;rSmjzpfygw,f? zGJ@pnf;yHktajccH Oya'opfa&;qGJzdk@uawmh ta¶G;cH&wJhudk,fpm;vS,fawG&J@wm0efyJjzpfygw,f? ² ² ² ”[k urBmhEdkifiHtoD;oD;. udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tm; ajym=um;cJhonf? 4? 2003§04 ckESpf (58)}udrfajrmuf ukvor*~taxGaxGnDvmcH wwd,aumfrwDu ² ² ² “ ² ² ² 'Drdkua&pDudkjyefvnfwnfaqmuf&efESifh 1990 ckESpf/ a¶G;aumufyGJ&v'ftm;av;pm;&ef/ a':atmifqef;pk=unf/ trsdK;om;'[email protected];acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh 'Drdkua&pDul;ajymif;a&;ESifh trsdK;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;wdk@udkwu dk f¶dkufOD;wnf+yD; wnfwHhcdkif+rJIaphpyfaocsmpGmzGJ@pnf;xm;aom awG@ qHkaqG;aEG;a&;udkcsufcsif;pwif&ef/ TaqG;aEG;jcif;wGif apmapmtqifhY wdkif;&if;om;tzGJ@rsm;.udk,fpm; vS,frsm;tygt0if EdkifiHa&;acgif;aqmifrsm;yg0if&ef/ ² ² ² ”ponfwdk@udk wnDw!Gwfwnf;/ rJcGJjcif;rjyKbJ qHk; jzwfcJhonf? 5? ukvor*~taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;csKyfonf jrefrmEdkifiHtoGiful;ajymif;a&;ESifhywfoufI atmufyg twdkif;ajym=um;cJhonf ² ² ² “ ² ² ² jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHvlxku ajymif;vJr_ESifh xdkajymif;vJr_rS&&SdaomtusdK;aus;Zl;rsm; twGuf/ umv&Snf=umpGmapmifhqdkif;cJh+yD;jzpfonf? olwdk@vnf; ajymif;vJr_twGuf 1990 ckESpfwGif qENrJ ay;cJhonf? olwdk@onf tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHrsm;&Sd [email protected]&Sirf sm;uJhodk@ pD;yGm;a&;/ trsm; jynfolESifhqdkifaom udpP&yfrsm;/ vlr_a&;ESifhEdkifiHa&;wdk;wufr_rsm;. wlnDaomtusdK; aus;Zl; rsm;udk awG@=uHKcHpm;&ef &oifh&xdkufygonf? ² ² ² ” 6? jrefrmEdkifiHonf ukvor*~tzGJ@0ifwpEdkifiHjzpfaevifhupm;/ ukvor*~taxGaxGnDvmcH toD;oD;. qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk tav;rxm;/ vpfv#L¶_aeonf? 7? w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;[k t}udrf}udrfajym=um;Ia=uG;a=umfaeaomtm%mydkifrsm;onf/ jynfol@v$wfawmf a&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr (3) t&vnf;aumif;/ ausnmcsuftrSwf(1§90)/ tydk'f (12) t&vnf;aumif;/ - 370 -

wdkif;jynfodk@uwdu0wfjyKxm;onfrsm;t&vnf;aumif;/ rJqEN¶Sifjynfolvlxk. wcJeufaxmufcHr_t& vnf;aumif;/ jynfol@v$wfawmfudkac:,lzGJ@pnf;ay;&ayrnf? v$wfawmfac:,lray;jcif;onf “w&m;Oya' pdk;rdk;a&;”[lonfESifhqef@usifaeonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfudkac:,lzGJ@pnf;ray;rcsif; rnfodk@aomta=umif;jy csufjzifh rnfonfhenf;vrf;udkusifhoHk;onfjzpfap/ rnfodk@aomtajctaeESifh rnfonfhtcsdefwGifrqdk/ ,if; a¶G;aumufyGJ&v'fESifhywfoufIysufjy,frnfr[kwfay? TuJhodk@jyKvkyfolrsm;onf jynfol@qENtppftrSef udkrsufuG,fjyK=uolrsm;jzpfojzifh om;pOfajr;qufemrnfaooGm;+yD; ordkif;w&m;cHrsm;jzpfoGm;ayvdrfhrnf? 8? a&G;aumufyGJusif;y+yD;aemuf (14)ESpf=umonfhwkdifatmif jynfol@v$wfawmfac:,lray;jcif;onf/ rnfodk@ aomta=umif;jycsufjzifhjzpfap jzpfoifhjzpfxdkifonfr[kwfay? a¶G;aumufyGJ&v'fudkjiif;y,folrsm;onf jyK jyifajymif;vJa&;udkvdkvm;=uolrsm;r[kwfay? urBmwGifrnfonfhEdkifiHwGifr# TuJhodk@jyKrlusifh}uHjcif;r¶Sdacs? urBmhtv,fwGift¶Suf&oduQmusap+yD;/ jrefrmhordkif;wGif azsmufzsufIr&aomtrnf;puf}uD;jzpfaernf? 9? a&G;aumufyGJusif;y+yD;/ a&G;aumufyGJ&v'fudktaumiftxnfrazmfay;jcif;onf/ tvGef@tvGef tusnf; weft&kyfqdk;onf? ‚if;jyif wdkif;jynfudk 'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHxlaxmifay;rnf[k t}udrf}udrfajymaeaomfvnf;/ a¶G;aumufyGJ&v'fudktaumiftxnfrazmfay;jcif;onf ppfrSefaom'Drdkua&pDudka¶S;¶_onfr[kwfa=umif; xif¶Sm;onfomru/ tvGefqdk;¶Gm;onfhtpOftvmjzpfaoma=umifh wdkif;jynfESifhjynfolvlxktusdK;twGuf vHk;0vufrcHEdkifay? ,ckuwnf;ujynfol@qENudkav;pm;vdkufemjcif;r¶Sdv#if/ aemifa¶G;aumufyGJrsm;.&v'f rsm;udkvnf; tm%mydkifrsm;uav;pm;vdkufemrnf[k jynfolvlxku,Hk=unf&ef cufcJayvdrfhrnf? 10? ‚if;jyif 1990 ckESpfwGif rJqEN&Sifjynfolvlxku ‚if;[email protected],fpm; wdkif;jynfta&;udpPrsm;udkaqmif &Guf&ef qENrJay;jcif;jzifhvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;tyfESif;xm;jyD;jzpfonf? a¶G;aumufyGJ&v'ftm; todtrSwfjyKjcif; onf rJqEN¶Sifjynfolvlxk.qENudkav;pm;jcif;rnfayonf? rnfonfhtm%mydkifrqdk jynfolvlxk.qENudk av;pm;=u&p+rJjzpfonf? jynfolvlxkuvnf; a¶G;aumufyGJ&v'fudktaumiftxnfazmfay;&ef jyif;jyaom qENrsm;¶SdaeqJjzpfonf? 11? rsufarSmufacwfEdkifiHwumtajctaersm;udkavhvm=unfhv#if/ jyKjyifajymif;vJr_udk trSefwu,fvdkvm; aomppftm%m¶Sifrsm;yif jynfol@qENudkav;pm;I wdkif;jynfudkcspfjrwfEdk;aompdwfjzifh rdrdu}uD;rª;usif;y ay;cJhaoma¶G;aumufyGJ&v'fudk todtrSwfjyKonfhoufaoom"ursm;¶Sdayonf? a¶G;aumufyGJ&v'fudk todtrSwfjyKjcif;onf jynfol@qENoabmxm;udk Oya't&vnf;aumif;/ usifh0wfoduQmt&vnf;aumif; ¶dkaoav;pm;jcif;rnfayonf? a&G;aumufyGJ&v'fqdkonfrSm [email protected];jzpfrvmv#if/ rvdkv#ifrvkd ovdk yHkyef;zsufypfI&aomt&mr[kwfay? 12? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;a':atmifqef;pk=unfu 28-5-98 ae@wGif ² ² ² “ tm%mydkifawG[m rdrdwdk@oabmruswJha¶G;aumufyGJ&v'fqdk&if vpfv#K¶_vdkuf/ vdkcsifwJh&v'f jzpfvmEdk;Edk; a¶G;aumufyGJtopfawGusif;yvdkufeJ@vkyfaer,fqdk&ifawmh wdkif;jynf&J@tem*wfeJ@ upm;&ma&mufygvdrfhr,f/ wdkif;jynf&J@tem*wfqdkwm[m upm;&r,fht&mr[kwfygbl;/ wav; wpm;eJ@ apmifha¶SmufoGm;&r,fht&momjzpfygw,f? ” “ 1990 jynfhESpfa¶G;aumufyGJ&v'fudk tjrefqHk;taumiftxnfazmfay;zdk@vdkygw,f? yxrajcvSrf; taeeJ@ jynfol@v$wfawmfac:ay;&ygvdrfhr,f ”[k ajym=um;cJhonf?

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13? tcsdefrnfr#=um=um trSefw&m;qdkonfrSm ordkif;wGifajymif;vJoGm;jcif;r¶Sdovdk/ aysmufuG,foGm;rnf vnf;r[kwfay? trSefw&m;udkacszsufI&rnfvnf;r[kwfyg? Ta=unmygtcsufrsm; rSefrrSefqdkonfudk tem*wfuoufaojyvdrfhrnf? 14? 1990 ckESpfa&G;aumufyGJwGiftEdkif&&SdcJhaom trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. a&G;aumufyGJa=unmpmwrf; ygtcsufrsm;onf wdkif;jynfESifhjynfolvlxktwGuf a&wdka&&SnftusdK;pD;yGm;rsmudk xif[yfazmfjyaeonf omru/ wdkifjynf.,ae@tajctaeESifhvnf; vHk;0udkufnDaeayonf? ,if;tcsufrsm;udk avhvmjcif;r&Sd/ acwftjrifacwftawG;vnf;r&Sdaom tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifhy*k ~dKvfrsm;uom a¶G;aumufyGJusif;y+yD; (14)ESpf=um oGm;+yDjzpfI ,ae@tajcaeESifhrudkufnD[k odrfzsif;pGmpGyfpGJajym=um;aejcif;jzpfayonf? 15? ,if;a¶G;aumufyGJwGif wyfrawmfom;rsm;tygt0if rJqEN¶Sifjynfolvlxk. wdkif;jynfudk ppfrSefaom 'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHawmfwnfaqmufa&;[laom qENtppftrSefudk tm%mydkifrsm;urjzpfrae taumiftxnf azmfay;vmap&ef jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh rJqEN¶SifjynfolvlxkwGif }uD;av;aomwm0efrsm; ¶Sda=umif;/ wdkif;jynf.,ae@jzpfay:aeaom EdkifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&;ponfh t=uyftwnf;rsm;udk ajz¶Sif; Edkif&ef jynfolvlxkuvkyfydkifcGifhtm%mtyfESif;xm;aom jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifh zGJ@pnf;xm; onfhjynfol@v$wfawmfrSwyg;tjcm;enf;vrf;r¶Sda=umif; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfu av;eufpGma=unm vdkufonf? A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf &efukef+rdK 1366 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; (9)&uf? 2004 ckESpf/ arv (27)&uf? ÙÙÙÙÙ rSwfpkrsm;tjzpfoifhawmfonfh pmrsufESm(uGufvyf)rsm;wGif xnfhoGif;azmfjy&ef ² ² ² jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf E_wfxGufvdkonfh/ rE_wfxGufvdkonfhudpPrsm;rSm jynfol@ v$wfawmfw&yfay:aygufvm+yD; v$wfawmfOuUXxHwifjyI v$wfawmf.tqHk;tjzwfudkcH,l+yD;rSom aqmif &GufEdkifjcif;jzpf&ygrnf? ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sifonf jynfol@v$wfawmf w&yfr[kwfygojzifh rJqEN&Sifjynfolvlxku v$wfvyfIw&m;r#waoma&G;aumufyGJrS a&G;aumufwif ajr‡mufay;vdkufaom jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk E_wfxGufonf[k v$wfawmf.qHk;jzwfcsufr&SdyJ/ a=unmcsufrsm;rxkwfEdkif[k trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfuoabmxm;ygonf? tm%mydkifwdk@u +cdrf;ajcuf r_/ t=uyfudkifr_trsdK;rsdK;wdk@jzifh twif;t=uyfvufrSwfa&;xdk;cdkif;+yD;/ ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sifu jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfa&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHxm;&oltjzpfrS E_wf - 372 -

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